RU2422581C1 - Method to repair and construct arterial highways - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: future section of a road is cleaned from roots of trees, the road profile is levelled with potential preservation of natural soil structure, helical anchors are installed, a system of anchors is tightened with reinforcement and mesh reinforcement into a single web. The produced mesh reinforcement is filled with a concrete of low grade with coarse crushed stone filling, rolled with a roller having figured teeth for creation of cellular surface. As soon as the first layer settles, the second layer of concrete is applied, of a high grade with fine crushed stone, rolled with a roller having figured teeth of smaller value to create cellular surface. As soon as the second layer settles, the third layer of concrete is applied, of a very high grade with filling of glass crumbs and/or fine glass granules of irregular shape, rolled with a roller having figured teeth of smaller height to create cellular surface. The second version is also proposed, according to which the upper strengthening layer of the road bed is formed with the help of a burner, which converts sand into a variety of ceramics, which is also rolled with a roller with figured teeth to create cellular surface.

EFFECT: increased operational reliability.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to road construction and can be used for laying high-class highways with high and very high durability of the coating.

The invention can also be used to repair roads of any class laid according to old methods, including road repair with chronic failure sections.

The invention can also be used for laying roads in areas with permafrost and unstable natural soil.

The aim of the invention is the abandonment of old methods of laying short-lived roads that require constant repairs at short intervals, as well as improving the classifications of federal highways.

The goal is achieved by the use of reinforced concrete pillows, which lie on screw reinforced concrete anchors with deep penetration into the ground. This arrangement of the roadway distributes the load over a much larger area than with modern construction, which contributes to the longevity of the roadway and its less local deformation and degradation over time.

In addition, the load from the roadway is distributed to a much greater depth, which also reduces the total stress from road vibrations and keeps the roadway from rapid degradation.

The proposed method for the construction of trunk roads significantly reduces the amount of land work and preserves the natural strength properties of the soil, which contributes to greater durability of the roadway.

Techniques are known for building roads with the organization of several support layers under the main coating (see V. Mogilevich, “Fundamentals of the organization of road construction works.” - M.: Higher School, 1975, p. 20).

The disadvantage of this method is its unsuitability for the construction of modern high-class highways. Roads constructed by this method cannot withstand the traffic (even for inter-district roads) for more than 2-2.5 years and require urgent overhauls.

Also known are methods of building roads using geogrids ( http://www.georeshetka.ru/print.php74af079ff18a27 ). which, according to the authors, help to solve not only the problem of stabilization of the base of the roadway, but also minimize deformation processes.

The disadvantage of this method is just an increase in local deformation processes in the area of the geogrid, which occurs due to a violation of the monolithic nature of the underlying pillow, broken by the geogrid into many small and moving fragments, which ultimately leads to "leakage" and / or leaching of soil from under vibrating roadway, and the service life of the road surface does not increase significantly.

There are also known methods of strengthening soils using organic binders (solid and liquid bitumen, tar, tar and tar emulsions and pastes, synthetic resins, wood sands, etc.), mineral binders (cement, lime, sodium silicate (water glass), strengthening saline solutions (calcium chloride, sodium chloride, etc.), electrochemical treatment (electric direct current (using electrolytes), as well as complex methods (organic and mineral binders with particle size additives, rganicheskie binders with active additives, etc.), see. http://www.newchemistry.ru/-printletter.php?n id = 4936.

A common drawback of these methods is the false basic idea that any additive can create a solid ground for constant road vibrations. In addition, an important fact is ignored: for any soil, cement consumption per cubic meter of compacted base is from 80 to 240 kg.

According to the proposed method, from such an amount of cement it is possible to create an extra strong reinforced concrete sheet with a working life period that is ten times higher than standard terms and with a smaller amount of land work.

The proposed method for the construction of high-class trunk roads consists of the following successive stages:

- clearing the strip for the future highway from the roots of trees and shrubs;

- easy surface alignment of the strip for the future highway with maintaining (where possible) the structure of natural soils deeper than 15-20 cm and rolling the strip with ribbed or toothed rollers with medium-sized pyramidal teeth (for example, 50 mm);

- screwing up of anchors (screw piles) for marking the future line canvas and their alignment in height;

- laying and fastening (welding) of the reinforcing mesh along the length and width of the future canvas of the highway with the installation of lateral removable formwork;

- pouring the first layer of the future roadbed with concrete with coarse aggregate aggregate and low grade cement, followed by rolling (during the setting period) with gear rollers with pyramidal teeth, for example, 40-50 mm;

- pouring a second layer of concrete pavement with a fine-grained filling and high grade cement, followed by rolling (during the setting period) with gear rollers with pyramidal teeth, for example, 30 mm;

- pouring a third thin layer with a filler of fine glass or small glass granules with an asymmetric (5-7 rays) shape, followed by rolling with a gear roller with a small size of pyramidal teeth (for example, 20-30 mm);

- cutting of temperature joints.

The second embodiment of a thin and strong topcoat is carried out using silicon and / or silicon fluoride melt (similar to ceramics). See RF patent No. 2385305): “Method and device for the construction of construction objects and their restoration”). In this case, a coating of a relatively thin layer of sand melted in the photo burners is applied to the ribbed (mesh) surface of the second pavement layer and completes the layered structure of the roadway.

The roadbed is a monolithic formation due to the cellular surfaces of each layer and reliable adhesion of the layers. On the topmost layer of the road, the cellular structure increases the adhesion of the tires to the roadway and reduces the sliding effect during braking and cornering.

That is, in short terms we have the following.

A method of repair and construction of main roads, in which the future section of the road is cleaned of tree roots, leveling the road profile with the possible preservation of the structure of natural soil, installing screw anchors, tightening the anchor system with reinforcement and reinforcing mesh into a single canvas, pouring the formed canvas with low-grade concrete with large-crushed stone filled, rolled with a roller with curly teeth to create a mesh surface, as the first layer sets, a second layer of concrete of high ma small-crushed rock fillings, rolled with a roller with curly teeth of a smaller size to create a cellular surface and, as the second layer is set, a third layer of very high grade concrete is applied with glass chips filled and / or small glass granules of irregular shape, rolled with a figured-tooth roller to create a cellular surface; in addition, in the second embodiment, the upper reinforcing layer is formed using a burner that converts sand into a type of ceramic, which is also rolled with a curly-tooth roller to create a cellular surface.

The invention is presented in figures 1 and 2, where figure 1 shows (schematically, not to scale) the components of the roadway, helical support anchors and the profile of the gear for the preliminary formation of soil and layers of the road surface, and figure 2 shows the mobile installation with a burner for forming the upper silicon and / or silicofluoride coating, followed by rolling with an external shaped profile according to the second embodiment.

The method is as follows.

Anchors 2 are screwed into the prepared soil 1 (Fig. 1), the anchors horizontally and vertically aligned are fastened with metal formwork 3 with a metal mesh (not shown), the first concrete layer 4 is poured with coarse filling and a low grade of cement (for example, 200 ), at the beginning of concrete setting, it is rolled with a roller with teeth (for example, 50 mm high) to create a cellular surface, then a second layer of concrete 5-1 is poured with fine-grained filling and a high grade of cement (for example, 300 or 400), which also At the start of setting, the surface is rolled with a roller with smaller teeth (for example, 35-40 mm), then a third layer of 5-2 is applied, filled with small-broken glass or glass granules of irregular shape and high-grade concrete (for example, 500), and at the beginning of setting, the surface is rolled with a roller with curly teeth with an even lower height (for example, 20 mm).

The roadbed made in this way is protected from deflection and failure in the area with chronically unstable soil 6.

Screw anchors are made of metal base 7, poured with strong concrete (for example, grade 500) filled with spherical particles (for example, ground glass) with a particle size of not more than 0.1 mm. Pouring is carried out in forms with the formation of a helical blade 8. In the upper part, the anchor is made with a metal plate 9 for fastening reinforcing strips and a metal mesh.

The setting concrete is rolled by rollers 10 with curly teeth 11.

In the second variant of applying the upper reinforcing ceramic coating, a burner 12 (FIG. 2) is used, mounted on a movable trolley 13. The trolley is made with an electric generator 14, a capacity 15 for a sand (silicon) charge, a control device 16 and a duct 17 that performs several special functions (cooling of the burner section, regulation of air flow to the burners, etc.). Rolling the cooling layer of porous ceramics is carried out by a roller 18 with curly teeth to create a mesh surface.

Claims (1)

A method of repair and construction of main roads, in which the future section of the road is cleaned of tree roots, leveling the road profile with the possible preservation of the structure of natural soil, installing screw anchors, tightening the anchor system with reinforcement and reinforcing mesh into a single canvas, pouring the formed canvas with low-grade concrete with large-crushed stone filled, rolled with a roller with curly teeth to create a mesh surface, as the first layer sets, a second layer of concrete of high ma small-crushed rock fillings are rolled with a skating rink with curly teeth of a smaller size to create a cellular surface, and as the second layer is set, a third layer of very high grade concrete is applied with filling of glass chips and / or small glass granules of irregular shape, rolled with a skating rink to create mesh surface; or the third upper reinforcing layer is formed from molten sand, which is also rolled with a curly-tooth roller to create a mesh surface.

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