RU2413885C2 - Automotive braking system (versions) and transport facility - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed braking system comprises axle, support element, braking ring, braking clip to transmit braking force to braking ring, and set of appliance to force air flow through said set of holes arranged above braking ring and braking clip to transfer of heat by convection from braking ring and braking clip. Braking ring is connected with support element to form channel to transmit heat from braking ring to support element. Support element has peripheral surface with set of holes and is fitted on axle and running from said set toward peripheral surface. Braking ring comprises inner surface and is jointed with support element peripheral surface. Braking clip transmitting braking force to braking ring is arranged on braking ring inner surface to interact therewith.

EFFECT: improved cooling and expanded operating performances.

9 cl, 6 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to brake systems intended primarily (but not exclusively) for vehicle wheels.

State of the art

When brake systems of vehicles are used, kinetic energy is usually converted to heat, and the brake system, which contains a surface with a high coefficient of friction, is used to slow down the movement of the wheels. The problem is that if the generated heat does not dissipate, then the brake system performance will become less and less, which, in the end, will lead to the so-called fatigue failure of the brake system due to severe overheating of the brake drive devices.

Shoe brakes are particularly susceptible to fatigue failure, since the part of the drum surface that is heated by the friction shoes exceeds its surface, which dissipates heat by convection through the surrounding air.

Disc brakes are usually more effective than shoe brakes because they allow the brake caliper to apply more pressure when the brake pads are pressed into the brake disc attached to its associated wheel hub, compared to the pressure that can be applied to the side surface drum brake drum. Thus, the area of thermal contact between the rubbing pads of disc brakes and associated discs can be significantly reduced compared to the contact area that brake shoes with corresponding drums have with the same braking force. Typically, disc pads heat up 20% of the surface of a disc brake disc, while 80% of the disc dissipates heat by convection into the surrounding air within the bound wheel.

In order to improve brake systems, vehicle manufacturers increased the inside diameter of their wheels so that larger discs and brake calipers fit them. This can increase the braking force of the braking systems by increasing the radius of the disc. However, increasing the radius of these discs leads to the fact that the bracket associated with them should be significantly longer compared to the brackets that are used with conventional smaller disks, as in this case, it is necessary to overcome the depth of these disks.

The elongated so-called “bundle” brackets used with these enlarged disks usually have four or six recesses, which significantly increases their complexity and cost of production. In addition, they significantly reduce the area of the brake disc, which can be cooled by convection through the air inside the wheel. In addition, they can create a "plug effect" that degrades the performance by reducing the air space available for cooling the discs by convection of air inside the associated wheel.

Thus, the main problem inherent in both disc and shoe braking systems is that their heat dissipation by convection through the surrounding air is usually not able to effectively prevent the fatigue failure of the braking system. Moreover, the braking system designs themselves tend to decrease their efficiency due to the fact that the air flow, which should serve to cool the surfaces, is broken by these surfaces.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a braking system that would have very good cooling and provide high performance for a long time.

Disclosure of invention

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a brake system comprising an axle, a support member mounted on an axis, a brake hoop connected to a peripheral surface of the support member and a brake caliper for applying a braking force to the brake hoop. The brake hoop is connected to the support element in such a way that a heat flow channel is formed for transferring heat from the brake hoop to the support element and the air flow channel also through the support element and through the region in which the brake caliper is located, with convection heat transfer from the brake hoop to the brake caliper.

Since the cooling of the brake system is created both by transferring heat from the hoop to the support element, and by cooling by convection of the support element, the hoop, and the brake caliper, it was possible to create a brake system with good cooling and high performance, even in the case of prolonged braking.

This braking system can be applied to the wheels of a vehicle, such as a car. The wheel may comprise a hub and a support member. The support element can extend from the hub to the brake hoop. The brake hoop may be part of the wheel rim or made in one piece with it.

While the scope of the present invention utilizes air cooling flows generated by convection or other factors, this braking system preferably includes means for generating air flow (generating means for generating air flow) that create an air flow along air flow channel. To create air flow along the air flow channel, for example, impeller blades can be used. These blades may be part of the support member. In one embodiment of the present invention, the blades are mounted in a wheel hub. In another embodiment, they are mounted on some element, for example, on the supporting one, and go outside the axis.

In order to provide an effective line of air flow through the support element, the latter must have openings occupying a significant part of its cross section. It is desirable that 20%, and even better 40% of the cross section of the support element contains one or more holes for the passage of air flow through the support element.

The brake hoop can be detachably connected to the support element or be part of it. In any case, there must be a good heat transfer channel from the brake hoop to the support element. Therefore, it is desirable that the joint between the brake hoop and the support element be an inextricable annular space. It is also desirable that the cross-sectional area of this joint occupies at least 20%, and preferably 50%, of the cross-section of the brake hoop directly in the direction of flow at that joint. Thus, for the heat flux directed from the brake hoop to the joint, the reduction in the cross-sectional area available for heat transfer will be no more than 50%.

It is desirable that the brake hoop is located radially relative to the inner peripheral surface of the support element. In this case, the brake caliper will be located on the inside of the brake hoop, which allows the latter to have a larger diameter. It is desirable that the brake hoop is flat and located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

In addition to cooling by conventional air convection, the scope of the claims of the present invention also involves the creation of a closed area around a portion of the brake hoop and / or brake caliper, as well as the supply of fluid into and out of this area. Such an organization allows a more efficient heat exchange with a fluid, which may be a refrigerant circulating in a closed cycle.

An aspect of the present invention described above defines a preferred form of the brake system. However, the brake system made in accordance with the present invention may contain another set of the above-defined features. In accordance with the general direction of the present invention, there is provided a brake system comprising an axle, a support element mounted on an axis, a brake hoop connected to a side surface of the support element, and a brake clip for applying braking force to the brake hoop, said system including one or more of the following symptoms:

(a) the brake hoop is connected to the support member in such a way that a heat flow channel is formed for transferring heat from the brake hoop to the support member;

(b) there is an air flow channel passing through the support element and the region in which the brake caliper is located and which provides convection heat transfer from the brake hoop to the brake caliper;

(c) the support member is part of a wheel;

(d) the brake system comprises generating means for generating air flow along the air flow channel;

(e) a brake system in which a brake hoop is integrated with a support member;

(e) a brake system in which the brake hoop is flat and is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the axis;

(g) the brake system comprises a refrigerant system serving to cool the brake system.

In accordance with the general direction of the present invention, the proposed brake system may contain any other features described above.

The brake system can have a wide variety of applications, which include various vehicles (but not only them). Examples of using the invention are described below, including conventional and racing cars, trains, and airplanes.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Below, examples of embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following schematic drawings:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the brake system used for conventional automobile wheels;

Figure 2 is a General view of the wheel of the vehicle, from its outer side, which is a modified form of the wheel shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a General view of the wheel, from its inner side, presented in Figure 2, to which the brake hoop is attached;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the axis of an automobile vehicle assembly with a modified form of the brake system;

5 is a General view of the axis of the wheel of a train with a brake system;

6 is a schematic General view of the brake system of a vehicle wheel, which contains a refrigerant system.

The implementation of the invention

The automobile wheel shown in FIG. 1 is generally conventional in the sense that it has mounting holes 1 for fixing it on the axis of the vehicle and a support member 9 comprising a rim 2 on which a pneumatic tire (not shown) is placed . However, it differs from conventional wheels for vehicles, as contains an annular brake hoop 3, which is fastened to an annular recess 4 in the rim 2 with a countersunk head bolt 5. In addition, a support element 9 with a large number of holes 10 is used here, which extends from the central part of the wheel to the rim 2.

Braking forces can be applied to the brake hoop 3 using a bracket 6, which is attached to the vehicle suspension and can have conventional hydraulic control from a hydraulic line (not shown), by which hydraulic pistons create pressure (force) on the brake pads 8. As a result this pads create frictional grip with the hoop 3.

During use, air flows through the brake caliper 6, the brake hoop 3 and the holes 10, taking the heat that is generated by these components during braking. In addition, the heat generated in the brake hoop 3 passes through the junction with the rim 2 in that part of the support element 9, which refers to the rim. The connection of the brake hoop 3 with the rim 2 is the same over the entire peripheral surface of the wheel and is performed using bolts 5 located at certain intervals. Thus, for the hoop 3 inside the support element 9, a heat flow channel is created.

In the presented specific example, the cross-sectional area of the junction of the brake hoop with the support element is determined by that part of the cross-section of the brake hoop to which the flow from the transceiver part is directly directed. Thus, provided that the hoop 3 and the support member 9 are made of heat-conducting material and there is good thermal contact at their junction, a good conductive line is formed for transferring heat from the hoop 3 to the support member 9. In the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. .1, the openings 10 occupy approximately 90% of the cross-sectional area of the support element 9 and, thus, an air flow channel is formed through the support element 9 and the region in which the brake clip 6. is located. convection heat transfer from the brake hoop 3 and the brake caliper 6. If required, convection can be enhanced by creating forced convection, for example, by installing blades on the support element in order to drive air flow through holes 10. This is the case for the embodiment shown in figure 1, where the supporting element contains a blade 11.

Removing and replacing a wheel on a vehicle is generally done in the usual way. First, it is released, and then part of the bracket 6 is rotated along line AA so that it can be shifted to the position indicated by dashed lines in the drawing, after which the fastening nuts or bolts that hold the wheel on the axis of the vehicle are removed and replaced.

The vehicle braking systems of the present invention can be used on various vehicles. They can be used on road vehicles, such as cars, buses, trucks and road trailers. They can be used on vehicles that run on rails or ruts, for example, on passenger and freight railroad cars and trams, as well as on aircraft.

Figure 2 shows a modified wheel, which is basically similar to the wheel shown in Figure 1, and has the same digital positions of the respective components. The brake hoop 3 and the brake caliper 6 are not shown in FIG. 2. These parts are shown in FIG. 3. Figures 3 and 4 also show a support element containing the impeller blades 11, through which air flow is generated through the wheel (as shown by arrows in Figure 1).

For the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, both the support member and the brake hoop are made of aluminum, which is a heat-conducting material.

The advantage of using a brake hoop is that it reinforces the inner rim of the wheel, making it possible to reduce the thickness of the components of the wheel.

It may be necessary, mainly on high-quality cars, to control the temperature of the brake hoop and / or brake pads, for example, using a laser thermometer (not shown) and apply a temperature signal to the input of the brake control device.

Figure 4 presents the modified device of the car, in which the braking system is removed from the wheels and installed on the rear axles 23 of the vehicle. In the presented example, these systems are installed on both sides of the differential or gearbox unit 20 on which the brake calipers 21 of each system are mounted. Each braking system contains a support element 22, which is an element with an open impeller, which is mounted on the corresponding axis 23 and extends outward to the peripheral surface, and is connected to the brake hoop 3, on which the brake clip acts. The wing support element 22 serves to create air flow in the region of the brake hoop 3 and the brackets 21. In addition, due to its ribbed structure, it provides self-cooling. The arrows indicate the direction of air flow.

Figure 5 shows a device similar to that shown in Figure 4, but with respect to the axis of a railway carriage having wheels 25 moving along the rails 26. Here, the same digital positions are used to indicate the corresponding elements as in Figure 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a brake system of the same type as that presented in FIGS. 4 and 5, but using a cooling system using a fluid. In the area of the brake system, there is a sealed chamber, and refrigerant circulates through the pipes 31 between the chamber 30 and another heat exchange radiator 32, where it condenses and cools. It is clear that in Fig. 6 the device is presented in a schematic form: the camera 30 can, for example, surround only the bracket and have tight contact with the hoop 3.

Claims (9)

1. A brake system including an axle, a support element provided with a peripheral surface, made with a group of holes, mounted on an axis and extending outward from it to the peripheral surface, a brake hoop comprising an inner side and connected to the peripheral surface of the support element, a brake transmission brake carrier efforts on the brake hoop mounted on the inside of the brake hoop with the possibility of interaction with it, and a group of generating means for creating air flow through the specified a group of holes above the brake hoop and above the brake caliper for transferring heat by convection from the brake hoop and brake caliper, wherein the brake hoop is connected to the support member to form a heat transfer channel from the brake hoop to the support member. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the support member is part of the wheel. 3. The system according to claim 2, in which the group of generating means for creating the air flow is installed with the possibility of generating air flow in the direction of air flow first above the brake hoop and brake caliper, and then through the specified group of holes. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the support member has airflow blades mounted along the airflow channel. 5. The system according to claim 1, in which the brake hoop is connected to the supporting element detachably. 6. The system according to claim 1, in which the brake hoop is made with a support element in one piece. 7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which the brake hoop is located radially relative to the inner peripheral surface of the support element. 8. The system according to claim 7, in which the brake hoop is made flat and is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the axis. 9. The system according to claim 1, which further comprises a refrigerant subsystem for cooling the brake system.

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