RU2401683C1 - Fire-fighting device of pulse action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small fire-fighting devices and can be applied for extinguishing fires of solid and liquid substances, electric plants under voltage to 1000 W, automobiles, tele- and radio equipment in initial stage of fire beginning, in premises and open areas. Fire-fighting device of pulse action, equipped with fire-extinguishing powder and expelling charge, consists of placed one after another ignition and expelling compositions in given proportions of their components and weight ratios, equipped with powder sparger, brought into action from capsule of lighter "Zhevelo" by means of percussion-lock.

EFFECT: increase of fire-extinguishing action by increasing its work stability and improvement of exploitation properties.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire safety and can be used in the manufacture of fire extinguishing means for extinguishing fires of solid and liquid substances, electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V, automobiles, television and radio equipment in the initial stage of fires in rooms and on open areas.

Currently, one of the promising ways to extinguish fires is considered to be a pulse technique of multi-purpose protection. One of the important advantages of pulsed fire extinguishing devices is the ability to throw and spray any loose, powder, liquid and viscous compounds in a wide temperature range and in any climatic and weather conditions (Zakhmatov V., Pyatova A. Pulse technology - new opportunities in fighting fire. Firefighting. - 1997. - 300 p.).

Known powder mini-fire extinguishers "Baby" (Technical conditions IBYAG 634233. 002 TU. GPO Metallist, Chapaevsk, 1992) and Gnome (Technical conditions DITL 634233. 001 TU. Nikolaev branch of the Central Scientific Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology , 1991), designed to extinguish fires in the above cases.

These fire extinguishers consist of a body, fire extinguishing powder, piston, expelling charge and igniter head. As a blow charge, they used smoky gunpowder of the DRP-3 brand. The mass of the expelling charge in the Mini-fire extinguisher is 3 ± 0.5 g, and in the Gnome 1.25 ± 0.03 g. This ensures the release of the fire-extinguishing powder weighing 280 ± 10 g (“Baby”) and 150 ± 1 g (“Dwarf”) at a distance of at least 5 m.

The disadvantages of both fire extinguishers are the significant recoil force that occurs when they are actuated due to an abrupt increase in pressure during combustion of the expelling charge, and insufficient spraying of the extinguishing powder at the fire site, which significantly reduced their real extinguishing ability.

Closest to the proposed invention is a “Powder mini-fire extinguisher” (RF Patent No. 2099112 from 12.20.97. Bull. No. 35), in which as a knockout charge a system consisting of incendiary composition (Pb ₃ O ₄ - 75-88%, Ti - 12-15%) and gas generating composition (NaN ₃ - 64%, Fe ₂ O ₃ - 36%).

Replacing smoky gunpowder with a system of gas-generating and igniting compositions made it possible to exclude the use of propellant explosives in a fire extinguisher and to halve the recoil force when it fires (table).

The practice of subsequent tests of this fire extinguisher revealed some disadvantages that led to a decrease in the stability of its operation, which, in turn, reduced the fire extinguishing ability of the device. So, for example, in the case of extinguishing from 4-5 m (the distance recommended for the prototype) of the 3V model fire (combustible material - 3 l of gasoline, the fire area - 0.094 m ² ), a very low efficiency of using fire extinguishing powder was observed, since its amount falling into the outbreak, it turned out to be significantly lower than the normally necessary. This was caused by insufficient spraying of the powder at the target and the difficulty of getting into the focus from such a large distance. Not least of all, this circumstance is also caused by the use of a grater igniter to initiate the igniter composition of the fire extinguisher and the still quite strong sound effect accompanying the operation of the device. All this knocked down the accuracy of aiming when extinguishing the fire with a fire extinguisher. In addition, the piston hit repeatedly, with the help of which powder was ejected from the device body into the fire, which caused spraying of gasoline. Along with this, it was also found that when a fire extinguisher was triggered, solid incandescent slag was released, which is unacceptable during the operation of fire extinguishers.

It should be noted that during storage of the fire extinguisher, caking of the fire extinguishing powder occurs, which also sharply reduces the extinguishing efficiency.

The technical result, the solution of which the invention is directed, is to increase the fire extinguishing action of the device by increasing the stability of its operation and improving operational properties.

The technical result is achieved in that in a pulsed fire extinguishing device comprising a housing with a fire extinguishing powder, a piston, a knockout charge and an ignition head having an ignition sleeve, the housing is supplemented with a special powder cutter, and the knockout consists of a sequentially igniter composition (KClO ₄ - 53.4%, NaN ₃ - 39.3%, carbon black - 7.3%, fluorine-containing synthetic rubber SKF-26 - 2% (in excess of 100%) placed in the sleeve, with a knock-out composition (KClO ₄ - 40.1 %, NaN ₃ - 29.5%, carbon black - 5.4%, chalk construction building - 25.0% (synthetic fluorine-containing rubber SKF-26 - 2% (in excess of 100%), located in a cardboard case, which serves as a piston at the same time and which is initiated by the Zhevelo igniter using a firing device, and the mass of the igniter and blowing compositions are taken in the ratio of 1.0-1.5 ppm (mass fractions) by 4.0-5.0 ppm, respectively.

Attempts to modernize the “Little Kid” mini-fire extinguisher by only reducing the recoil force (prototype) that occurs when it is put into action have shown that it is impossible to achieve stable operation of the device without its fundamental change. This was caused by the following:

- as a result of the storage of the fire extinguisher, caking of the fire extinguishing powder occurs, in connection with which all of its mass during a shot and flight practically behaves as a whole, spraying very slightly;

- extinguishing the fire from a distance of at least 4-5 m (recommended for the prototype) is ineffective, because it is caused by the difficulty of hitting the target while holding the fire extinguisher with your hands. In the same context, the method of initiating a knock-out charge using a grate igniter, the high recoil force during operation of the fire extinguisher, and the strong sound effect with which it is accompanied, are also undesirable, since all this also complicates aiming;

- the design of the prototype provides for the use of a special sufficiently massive polyethylene piston, which during operation of the fire extinguisher emits powder and flies out by itself. It was noted that when it enters a burning gasoline (fire), it contributes to its spraying, which is unacceptable;

- it was noticed that when the Kid extinguisher (prototype) was triggered, an emission of incandescent slag was often observed, which is also unacceptable.

The tests showed that the fire extinguishing ability and the stability of the pulse device mainly depend on the efficiency of its spraying of the extinguishing powder at the fire site, the method of initiating its expelling charge and the characteristics of the latter. It was also shown that the greatest fire extinguishing effect from impulse devices of the “Mini” class mini-fire extinguisher (prototype) is achieved by extinguishing a model 3V fire center (0.094 m ² ) from a distance of 1-2 m.

It has been established that the greatest fire extinguishing ability of a mini-fire extinguisher while maintaining high stability can be achieved while reducing the recoil force arising when the device is triggered, replacing the grate method of igniting the expelling charge with a shock, and using a special powder dissector.

Comparative data for testing the prototype "Kid" and the upgraded pulse device "Impulse" are presented in the table. In the course of the tests, quenching of hot spots of class A (solids) and B (combustible liquids) was carried out. As a source of fire of class B, a model site 3B was used, which was a metal container with a diameter of 350 mm and a side height of 150 mm, and 3-liter A-76 gasoline was used as fuel. At the bottom of the tank was poured 3 l of water, which was used as a pillow. As a source of class A, wooden blocks with a burning area of 0.4 m ^{2 were used} . The extinguishing of the model center was carried out from a distance of 1-2 m from the hands. Each device was tested at least three times.

The test results of pulsed devices are shown in the table.

Type of fire extinguisher The mass of the igniter composition, g The mass of the knockout composition, g Recoil force, kgf The mass of ejected fire extinguishing powder, g Method of initiating kick charge Model hearth 3V, m ² Note "Baby" on the prototype 1,2 2.0 16 280 ± 10 Grater KB 0,094 Didn't put out "Baby" on the prototype 1.2 2.5 eighteen 280 ± 10 Grater KB 0,094 Put out "Baby" on the prototype 1,2 3.0 19.5 280 ± 10 Grater KB 0,094 Didn't put out "Pulse" 0.3 0.8 7.5 300 ± 10 Shock KB "Zhevelo" 0,094 Put out "Pulse" 0.2 0.8 6.0 300 ± 10 Shock KB "Zhevelo" 0,094 Put out "Pulse" 0.2 1,0 7.0 300 ± 10 Shock KB "Zhevelo" 0,094 Put out

As can be seen from the data presented in the table, the replacement of igniter and knock-out compositions containing metals and their oxides (prototype), with compounds that do not contain them, and the grate method of ignition of knock-out composition (prototype) to shock (using KB "Zhevelo") , the exclusion from the design of a massive polyethylene piston (prototype), as well as the use of a special design fire extinguishing powder divider, significantly reduced the recoil force and the sound effect accompanying the operation of the device, achieved effective dusting of the powder at the fire, leading to stable operation of the apparatus "Impulse" and its high fire-extinguishing ability.

The drawing shows the invention - the design of the upgraded fire extinguishing pulse device "Impulse", where:

1 - transportation lid;

2 - divider;

3 - case;

4 - fire extinguishing powder;

5 - housing blowout charge;

6 - knockout composition;

7 - igniter composition;

8 - KB "Zhevelo";

9 - trigger lever;

10 - trigger device;

11 - a safety plate;

12 - ignition sleeve;

13 - a protective cap;

14 - a sealing cardboard circle.

The principle of operation of the device is based on throwing a fire extinguishing powder (4) to the fire source with the energy of gaseous products generated during the combustion of pyrotechnic compositions (6, 7).

The design of the device allows you to put it into action without removing the transport cover (1).

The device operates as follows.

When extinguishing a fire, the device should be taken by the housing (3). Remove the protective cap (13) (turning and pulling it towards you). Bring the device to the fire at a distance of 1-2 m. Pull out the safety plate (11), cock the trigger mechanism using the trigger lever (9), point the device at the fire center with a gun and slide the trigger lever (9) to the left.

After pulling out the safety plate (11) and shifting the trigger lever (9), the firing mechanism strikes (10) strikes the Zhevelo igniter capsule (8), which, when activated, ignites the pyrotechnic compositions: igniter (7) and knockout (6 ) The gaseous products of combustion of the compositions, being under pressure, throw out the extinguishing powder (4) through the divider (2) to the fire. The shipping lid (1) together with the sealing circle (14) fly off to the side, holding onto the device body with the help of a nylon thread, without falling into the fire.

Fire extinguishing is achieved by isolating the burning hearth from the air with the powder and mechanical flame failure by the impact of the powder jet.

In accordance with the current regulatory documents, the technical specifications for the fire extinguisher device 4854-001-21142193-98 TU were developed and registered at the Samara Center for Standardization, Metrology and Certification.

Conducted sanitary-hygienic certification of the device, received a hygienic certificate 63.СЦ.485.Т.01648.Е.98 dated June 30, 1998.

Interdepartmental tests of the device were conducted at the test site of the fire laboratory of the UGPS ATC during the administration of the Samara region with the participation of representatives of the GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as a result of which the pulse device was recommended for extinguishing small foci of fires of solid substances (class A), combustible liquids (class B), gaseous substances (class C), electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V (class E) and in the engine compartments of cars as an addition to the main fire extinguishing means. Objects of application: engine and luggage compartments of vehicles (cars, boats, etc.), radio, television equipment and electrical equipment under voltage up to 1000 V, garages.

Claims (1)

A pulsed fire extinguishing device comprising a housing with a fire extinguishing powder, a piston, a discharge charge and an ignition head having a sleeve, characterized in that the housing is supplemented with a powder divider, and the discharge charge consists of sequentially ignition composition: potassium perchlorate (KClO ₄ ) - 53.4%, sodium azide (NaN ₃ ) - 39.3%, carbon black - 7.3%, fluorine-containing synthetic rubber SKF-26 - 2% (in excess of 100%), placed in the sleeve, and knock-out composition: KClO ₄ - 40,1%, NaN ₃ - 29.5%, carbon black - 5.4%, chalk building - 25.0% synthetic to fluorine-containing ufuk SKF-26 - 2% (in excess of 100%), located in a cardboard case, which serves as a piston at the same time and which is initiated by the Zhevelo igniter using a firing device, and the masses of igniter and blow-out compositions are taken in the ratio of 1, 0-1.5: 4.0-5.0 ppm respectively.

Images