RU2385387C1 - Prefabricated structure with rope bracing of constituent elements, erection method of arched structure and assembly for method's implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: prefabricated structure of semi-annular or longitudinally oblong form consists of elements put on two bracing ropes. On side surface of extreme element there made is bracing device in the form of a winch on the reel of which there output are ends of bracing ropes. Inside the above element there made is rotary roller on which the ropes bend at straight angle. Assembly is made by using two arches with bracing rope and the upper points of which are fixed with a pin. Arches, one of which is larger than the other one, are located in intersecting planes perpendicular to the plane of base and with an offset from perpendicular position relative to each other. There proposed is erection method of arched structure by using an assembly.

EFFECT: reducing labour input during erection of the structure.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of: a) frame structures of arch type and components for their installation; b) installation methods of prefabricated, mainly temporary, lightweight building structures (pavilions, hangars, warehouses, frame tents, hospital and residential modules), as well as tunnels; c) the design of aircraft and watercraft of light and middle class.

Known prefabricated structures, including those used in construction, which are sets of end faces adjacent to each other of rigid elements strung on a cable (cables), with the possibility of pulling together these elements to form a single, rigid structure (1. Auth. St. USSR No. 183922, ЕВВ 1/343, 1966. 2. Auth. Of the USSR No. 681161, ЕВВ 1/343, 1979 3. US Patent №3708944 Е04В 1/32, 1973). The disadvantage of the prototypes is either the impossibility of weakening the cables to a length of arbitrary length, sufficient, in particular, for compact packaging of the device with a single bundle, or the excessive complexity of this process.

The first technical result is to reduce the complexity of the process of elongation of the tie ropes, endowing the prefabricated structure with a cable tie of constituent elements with the possibility of increasing the length of the tie ropes when disconnecting the constituent elements from each other, which will simplify the assembly-disassembly of the said frames, as well as reduce the time for data implementation operations and improve the transportation capabilities of the above structures in a compact and non-fragmented form. In addition, the design of the device, like the prototype, provides a safe mode of relaxation of the screed.

The second technical result consists in the proposal of a simpler and faster than the known method of mounting the frames of structures designated in the field of application (tents, pavilions, storage and hospital modules, tunnels), as well as in the design of a unified assembly for implementing this method.

The third technical result consists in providing the possibility of compact storage and convenient transportation of assembly assemblies for assembling watercraft and aircraft (frames and stringers), as well as to facilitate the process and reduce installation time if these units are collapsible.

To achieve the above technical results, in addition to the design features listed in the prototypes, a chain of elements adjacent to each other, spikes and corresponding grooves on the contact surfaces, tie ropes, fixing (screw) fasteners, elastic devices between these elements are in the mentioned structure with a cable tie components elements (hereinafter referred to as a set of elements) it is necessary to have a winch mechanism equipped with a device to prevent uncoiling of the tie rods cos a coil (cm. below). The sets of elements themselves in a contracted, working state within the framework of the present invention should be presented in three functional forms: a) arched, half-ring, b) ring-shaped, that is, an arc of closed curvature, but without touching the beginning and end; and c) linear (in the form of an elongated beam).

Figure 1 shows (1) option (a) of a prefabricated structure with a cable tie of stacked elements (2) (hereinafter referred to as the arch), where elements (2) are strung on two coupling cables (3). The number 4 shows the nuts on the screw ends of the mentioned cables. The number 5 shows the elastic fixtures-gaskets. Under the number 6 shows the spikes and grooves of the segments in the working connected state, and under the number 7 - the winch, on which the ends of the tie ropes (3) are brought out.

Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of the front and side projection of the extreme element (2) of the arch (1), on which a winch (7) is attached with a coil (8), onto which the ends of the cables (3) are pulled out, with the possibility of pulling together these cables and elements (2) for the formation of the necessary degree of rigidity of this design. The winch (7) has both a manual drive (9) and a mechanical drive (not shown in the drawing) with the possibility of fixing the winding coil (8) relative to the winch body. In addition, inside the element with a winch, a rotating roller (10) is made on which the cables (3) undergo bending towards the coil (8). In addition, the coil (8) is equipped with a device for preventing reverse rotation, for example using ratchet (not indicated in the drawing).

Figure 3 shows an annular variant (b) of a set of elements with spikes and sockets (6), as well as with tie ropes (3).

Figure 4 shows a linear version (c) of a set of elements also with spikes and sockets (6) and with tie ropes (3).

Figure 5 in vertical and lateral projection shows a prefabricated node (11) of the frame of the arch structure. The dome-shaped prefabricated unit consists of two arches: large 13 and small 14. Both of these arches have through holes at the top points (keys) and, resting on the same plane with their bases, have these holes aligned when the small arch is combined inside the large one, and these arches are connected with a pin (12) in the combined holes, and, in addition, both arches are located in intersecting planes perpendicular to the plane of the base and offset from a perpendicular position relative to each other.

Figure 6 shows the configuration (top view) of a longitudinally elongated building structure of an arched, semi-circular profile ("cylindrical vault" according to the Enz dictionary, ed. 3, 1984, p. 1175, one of the types of construction according to Art. "Code" ) formed by one of the dome-shaped prefabricated units (9) shown in Fig. 4, and mounted with the vertical orientation of the connecting pins (12) on the straight axial line of the mounting platform so that the large arches (14) are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axial lines.

Figure 7 shows an isometric view of the building structure or tunnel shown in figure 5, and its arches (tubing) are conventionally shown by solid (axial) lines. Dotted lines show small arches (13), which are to be disassembled at the final stage of installation of this building.

The implementation of the 1st technical result is achieved by the fact that one of the end elements (2) of the set (1) according to the variant or (a), or (b), or (c) (see figures 1, 3, 4) is made with attached to one of its frontal surfaces (front or rear) of the tightening cable device, in this case represented by a winch (7) (see figure 1). If it is necessary to bring the set into a working, rigid state, a rotational force is applied to the coil (8), aimed at winding the cables of the tie ropes (3), moreover, either manually by means of handles (9) or by means of a mechanical rotational mechanism, and the coil itself due to the action, for example, a ratchet device (not indicated in the drawing) is deprived of the possibility of reverse rotation. The set of elements (2), thus, will receive the necessary pulling force, forming a rigid arched structure (1), and the elastic elements (5) will provide a spring-loaded state to this screed. The combined spikes and grooves (6) will eliminate the danger of mutual lateral displacement of the elements (2). The dismantling process, that is, the relaxation of the set of elements (2), begins with the unscrewing of the nuts (4), which will provide a gradual weakening of the tightening force to prevent a sharp release of mechanical energy (jerk). After that, the reverse rotation prevention mechanism is turned off and the coil is started to be unwound by the required cable elongation (3). Next, the arched structure (hereinafter referred to as the arch) in the form of a relaxed bundle of elements is compactly placed in a special container (container) for subsequent transportation and storage.

The 2nd technical result (see Fig. 6, 7) is achieved by the fact that the nodes (11) are installed on the installation site at regular intervals so that the top points of the arches are projected onto the center line of the structure to be mounted, and the planes passing through the large arches (14) would be perpendicular to this centerline. Moreover, due to the fact that the reference points of small arches turn out to be offset from the center line, this makes it possible to significantly reduce the interval between large arches (14) up to the contact of the sides of adjacent small arches (13), which is important for increasing the strength of the structure. At the next stage, the arches (14) are fastened either with linear sets (according to option (c)), or, if conditions require, by other known rigid beams or beams, and then mutually fastened, as a result of which the resulting elongated volumetric structure of the arched profile will acquire the necessary rigidity. After this, the cable ties (3) are loosened on small arches (13), either in all, or only those that are inside the aforementioned semicylindrical structure. Then, the weakened sets of elements making up the small arches (13) are disconnected from the poles of the large arches (14) and removed in the form of bundles. Thus, a frame of the building structure of the aforementioned profile is formed with open ends (end) or, in another embodiment, closed with ends by halves of the assembly (11). After that, this structure is suitable for subsequent coating with sheet, film material or for the installation of formwork to create concrete-filling walls, for example tunnels. The proposed construction of a residential, hospital or storage facility in front of other temporary fast-erected structures of a rigid type will be favorably distinguished by the ability to dispense with the complete separation of component parts during transportation, as well as without the need to transport large-block structures in an assembled, large-sized version, which is especially important in the construction of tunnels. Unlike inflatable modules of a hospital or residential type, structures of a similar purpose based on the proposed framework and the method of assembling and disassembling them will be less vulnerable to mechanical stress, in particular wind, as well as bullets and fragments, and will also have greater durability.

The third technical result is achieved by the fact that the prefabricated units of the hulls of the craft and the fuselage of aircraft, namely frames and stringers, are made on a constructive basis of sets of elements with a cable tie (with the addition of auxiliary parts necessary for each specific case, for example, for fastening the casing, cables pipelines). Moreover, the structural basis of the stringers for both classes of vehicles is made in the form of a linear set of elements with a cable tie. The structural basis of the frames of the craft is made in the form of the same set, but arched, half-ring shape. The structural basis of the fuselage frames is in the form of the same set of elements, but already ring-shaped.

Claims (3)

1. A prefabricated design of a semicircular or longitudinally elongated shape, characterized in that it consists of elements strung on two tightening cables made with combined spikes and grooves on the contact surfaces, characterized in that a pulling device in the form of a winch is made on the side surface of the extreme element of the prefabricated structure , on the coil of which the ends of the tightening cables are brought out, and inside this element there is a freely rotating roller on which the tightening cables are directed in relation to the main one th bent at right angles toward the spool adapted to manual or mechanical actuator and provided with a device to prevent reverse coil rotation, at the opposite extreme elements of the assembly formed fastening ends of lock cable in the form of threaded rods on which are threaded retaining nuts and washers. 2. A prefabricated unit for mounting a structure from a prefabricated structure, characterized in that it includes two arches of a semicircular shape with a tightening cable, connected at the upper points by a pin in combined through holes, and the arches, one of which is larger than the other, are located in intersecting planes perpendicular to the plane the base and offset from a perpendicular position relative to each other, and rely on the mounting pad with four points. 3. The method of installation of the arch structure, characterized in that each assembly unit is installed at an equal distance from each other with the projection of its upper point on the center line of the installation site and with the possibility of reducing the installation interval of the nodes, in addition, each assembly unit is installed with the location of the planes, passing through large arches, perpendicular to the center line, after which the large arches are fixed, fastening them with monolithic longitudinal bars or prefabricated structures of longitudinally elongated shape with tightening m cable according to claim 1, then loosen the screed of all small arches or small arches located inside the semi-cylindrical structure, followed by their removal.

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