RU2370093C1 - Modified protein-aleuronic product production method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: sunflower seeds are separated from fruit coat, milled, defatted with hexane in cold conditions with following separation of solvent, sifted in sieve cover with openings 226 mcm, 219 mcm, 165 mcm with separation of aleurone grains and separation of fraction with max content of aleurone grains. After that fermentative hydrolisys of separated fraction is performed by processing with preparation with high protein kinase activity in mass quantity 1:(3-4) during 3-40 minutes at 20-30°C with following maturation at 85±5°C during 5-10 minutes for hydrolisys stop. After that obtained mass is dried till moisture content 8-10%, preparation with high protein kinase activity is produces out of soya seeds which are processed by 0.05% citric acid solution, and after that sprouted at 25-27°C and humidity 150-200% during 96 hours, minced, extracted with water duty 1:(4-5) at 10°C during 60 minutes and filtered.

EFFECT: invention is proposed for increase of fat-retentive, foaming ability and firmness of foam of separated protein-aleuronic product and decrease of fermentation time.

2 tbl, 1 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to methods for producing a modified protein product from sunflower seeds.

According to the traditional scheme for the production of protein products from secondary products of the processing of oilseeds, proteins are extracted from the meal with acidic or alkaline extractants, followed by precipitation of the protein from the solution at the isoelectric point, neutralization, drying of the protein product and the subsequent modification of its functional properties (Plant protein (translated from French. ) - M .: Agropromizdat, 1991 - p. 516, 522).

A known method of producing a protein concentrate from plant materials, including the stages of grinding the raw materials, mixing it with water, acidifying the medium to pH = 4.5-4.6, extracting the ballast substances, separating the liquid and solid fractions by centrifugation, washing the protein precipitate, drying, drying, grinding to size particles of 100 microns, mixing the raw material with water in the ratio (0.9-1.1) :( 3.9-4.1). In the process of ballast material extraction, amylosubtilin GZx is treated with a mixture of enzyme preparations in an amount of 0.5-0.6% by weight of raw materials and glucavamorin GZx in an amount of 1.6-2.0% by weight of raw materials at 50-55 ° C for 5 , 0-5.5 hours. The selection of protein from the liquid fraction is carried out by the method of isoelectric deposition, followed by separation of the solid protein precipitate by centrifugation (RU, No. 2174757).

The disadvantage of this method is the high duration and multi-stage process, the need to use several enzyme preparations, which ultimately increases the cost of the product.

A known method of producing protein isolate from oilseeds, which includes: extraction of oilseed flour at a temperature of 5 ° C, obtaining an aqueous protein solution having a pH value of from 5 to 6.8, separating the aqueous protein solution from the residual flour, supplying an aqueous protein solution in the process of selective separation on the membrane in order to increase the concentration of protein in an aqueous protein solution to 50-250 g / l while maintaining a constant ionic strength. The protein solution is continuously mixed with chilled water, the mixture is fed into the settling tank, the protein micelle is precipitated until the sticky, gelatinous, protein micellar mass is accumulated and the protein micellar mass is removed from the settling tank (RLJ, application No. 2004118486).

The disadvantages of this method is the large number of technological operations that lead to the complication of the technological process for obtaining protein products.

There is also known a method of manufacturing flour from cotton seeds by the liquid cyclone method, which includes the following technological operations: obtaining whole and crushed pulp, flossing of state-containing pigment glands with non-polar solvents by differential deposition in special tanks (simultaneous removal of pigment glands, lipids and protein concentration), distillation of ground mass suspended in hexane through a liquid cyclone (separation of sieve, removal of glands), filtration, washing y for the removal of oil, solvent distillation, drying, sterilizing and packaging (Protein seeds grains and oilseeds (translated from English) -. M .: "Ear", 1977, - s.220-221).

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of a large number of stages of the process, the complexity of the hardware design to obtain a protein product.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for producing a modified protein-aleurone product with high biological value, improved amino acid composition and functional properties.

The technical result is to increase the fat-holding, foaming abilities and durability of the foam of the isolated protein-aleurone product and reduce the time of fermentation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of producing a modified protein-aleuron product from sunflower seeds provides for the separation of seeds from the fruit shell, grinding, degreasing with hexane in the cold, followed by separation of the solvent, sifting through sieves with openings of 226 μm, 219 μm, 165 μm with separation of aleurone grains and the choice of the fraction with the highest content of aleuron grain, its enzymatic hydrolysis by treatment with a drug with high proteinase activity in an amount of 1: (3-4) p about the mass for 30-40 minutes at a temperature of 20-30 ° C, followed by aging at a temperature of 85 ± 5 ° C for 5-10 minutes to stop the hydrolysis, drying the resulting mass to a moisture content of 8-10%, and the preparation with high proteinase activity is obtained from soybean seeds, which is treated with a 0.05% solution of citric acid, and then subjected to germination at a temperature of 25-27 ° C and a humidity of 150-200% for 96 hours, crushed, extracted with a water module of 1: (4-5) by weight , temperature 10 ° C for 60 minutes and filtered.

The method involves the preparation and use of a drug with high proteinase activity from soybean seeds. To do this, the seeds are treated with a 0.05% solution of citric acid to neutralize microflora, moistened to a moisture content of 150-200%, then germinated at a temperature of 25-27 ° C for 96 hours in order to activate a complex of proteolytic enzymes of soybean seeds, sequentially acting on different sections of the polypeptide chain seed proteins, after the specified time, the germinated seeds are crushed and filled with distilled water in a ratio of 1: (4-5) by weight and kept at a temperature of 10 ° C for 60 minutes. These conditions are necessary for a more complete extraction of proteolytic enzyme complex from seeds. The resulting suspension is subjected to filtration, the filtrate is used as a complex enzyme preparation of proteinases.

The selection of the appropriate temperature conditions for seed germination used to prepare the enzyme extract is due to the known resistance of the storage proteins to the action of proteolytic enzymes, which can be explained either by the absence of specific proteases in the initial period of germination, or by the structural features of native storage proteins that prevent their proteolytic cleavage, it is possible that both of these circumstances can be the reason behind the indicated “lag period” in the breakdown of storage proteins during plant.

The selected temperature regime, within 24-36 hours after soaking, activates specific proteases, namely proteases A, which cleave one or two short peptides, after which the whole molecule, possibly due to conformational changes under the influence of proteolysis, becomes available for other proteases (proteases B and C ), cleaving reserve proteins to large peptides. The configuration diagram of the conformational change is shown in the drawing.

Thus, a strict sequence in the action of individual proteases is determined, which is necessary for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein product.

To obtain a modified protein-aleuron product, the sunflower seeds are separated from the fruit shell, crushed and degreased with hexane in the cold, after complete removal of the solvent, the resulting product is fractionated on a sieve system with openings of 226 μm, 219 μm, 165 μm. The material passing through sieves with holes of a given magnitude (passage) in chemical composition corresponds to fractions of aleuron grains.

Enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out by direct contact of the drug with high proteinase activity obtained by the proposed method, and protein-aleuron flour in a ratio of 1: (3-4) by weight at a temperature of 20-30 ° C for 30-40 minutes. The amount of enzyme extract taken for modification correlates with the degree of hydrolysis of the storage proteins and affects the formation of certain functional properties in the protein product.

The use of enzymatic extraction of proteinases from germinated soybean seeds for the enzymatic modification of proteins of sunflower seeds leads to the cleavage of peptide bonds in the hydrophilic regions of the polypeptide chain of the storage protein, globulin, and the change in the characteristics of the protein-aleurone product, and an improvement in its amino acid composition. Table 1 presents a comparative description of the amino acid composition of one of the three obtained fractions containing the largest amount of total nitrogen. And also in table 2 shows the characteristics of the functional properties of the same fraction before and after the modification of the fat-holding ability, foaming properties and resistance of the foam.

Subsequent inactivation of the enzyme complex is carried out at a temperature of 85 ± 5 ° C for 5-10 minutes. After inactivation, the obtained modified protein-aleurone product is dried to a moisture content of 8-10%. Case Studies

Example 1

The sunflower seeds of the high-protein variety SPK (confectionery sunflower variety) are separated from the fruit coat, crushed in a laboratory mill, degreased with hexane in the cold until fat is completely removed. The resulting protein flour is passed through a sieve system with openings of 226 μm, 219 μm, 165 μm. The material passing through sieves with holes of a given magnitude (passage), according to the chemical composition, corresponds to fractions of aleuron grains. From the obtained fractions containing aleuron grains, we select the fraction with particle sizes of 219 microns - 165 microns, as the most rich in protein (determination of protein content is carried out using the Kjeldahl method). In the obtained fraction, we introduce a preparation with high proteinase activity in an amount of 1: 4 by weight and maintain for 40 minutes at a temperature of 30 ° C. Then, to stop hydrolysis, the resulting mass is maintained at a temperature of 90 ° C for 10 minutes. To obtain a drug with high proteinase activity, germinated soybean seeds are used, which are treated with a 0.05% citric acid solution at 1: 2 hydromodule before germination, then moistened to a moisture content of 150% and germinated at a temperature of 27 ° C for 96 hours. Then the germinated seeds are crushed, extracted with a water module of 1: 5 by weight, kept at a temperature of 10 ° C for 60 minutes. Amino acid composition and functional properties are shown in table 1 and 2.

Example 2

The feedstock and the sequence of technological operations, as in example 1. The amount of the drug with high proteinase activity 1: 3 by weight and maintained for 30 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C. Then, to stop hydrolysis, the resulting mass is maintained at a temperature of 80 ° C for 5 minutes. The crushed soybean seeds are extracted with a hydromodule 1: 4 by weight, kept at a temperature of 10 ° C for 60 minutes. Amino acid composition and functional properties are shown in table 1 and 2.

Example 3

The feedstock and the sequence of technological operations, as in example 1.

The amount of the drug with high proteinase activity is 1: 3.5 by weight and maintained for 35 minutes at a temperature of 25 ° C. Then, to stop hydrolysis, the resulting mass is maintained at a temperature of 85 ° C for 7 minutes. The crushed soybean seeds are extracted with a water module of 1: 4.5 by weight, kept at a temperature of 10 ° C for 60 minutes. Amino acid composition and functional properties are shown in table 1 and 2.

Table 1 Comparative characteristics of the amino acid composition of the modified protein-aleuron product from sunflower seeds grade SPK Amino acids, g / kg The product obtained by the proposed method Before modification Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Lysine 19.41 18.31 17.41 15.62 Phenylalanine 28.73 25.73 24.33 24.57 Leucine 21.32 20.11 19.78 12.18 Isoleucine 27.77 26.12 25.90 25.78 Methionine 11.85 10.91 10.87 10.37 Valine 15.92 13.11 12.46 11.22 Tyrosine 5.71 4.71 4.12 3.39 Arginine 55.40 52,43 51.32 50.12 Proline 31.22 28.51 28.13 26.26 Threonine 35.77 34.83 34.97 34.79 Histidine 7.71 6.12 5.96 5.88 Glycine 10.13 9.11 8.84 8.04 Serine 38.75 38.13 38.22 38.14 Glutamic acid 79.12 77.11 75.98 75.60 Aspartic Acid 23.15 22.87 22.87 22.72 Alanine 63.75 63.92 64.21 64.15 The relative biological value,% 201.3 168.2 179.8 105.3

table 2 Characterization of the functional properties of the modified protein-aleuron product Modification Modes Functional properties,% Fat retention capacity Foaming ability Foam resistance Before modification 291 29th 72 Modification with a high proteinase activity drug Example 1 324 38 105 Example 2 307 31 84 Example 3 315 34 92

Empirically confirmed the improvement of the amino acid composition of biological value and functional properties of the target product.

The claimed method for producing a modified protein-aleuron product due to the proposed combination of essential features allows to achieve the desired technical result.

Claims (1)

A method of obtaining a modified protein-aleuron product from sunflower seeds, provides for the separation of seeds from the fruit coat, grinding, degreasing with hexane in the cold, followed by separation of the solvent, sifting through sieves with openings of 226 μm, 219 μm, 165 μm with the separation of aleuron grains and choosing from them fractions with the highest content of aleuron grain, its enzymatic hydrolysis by treatment with a drug with high proteinase activity in an amount of 1: (3-4) by weight for 30-40 minutes at a temperature of 20-3 0 ° C, followed by aging at a temperature of 85 + 5 ° C for 5-10 min to stop hydrolysis, drying the resulting mass to a moisture content of 8-10%, moreover, a preparation with high proteinase activity is obtained from soybean seeds, which are treated with 0.05% solution of citric acid, and then subjected to germination at a temperature of 25-27 ° C and a humidity of 150-200% for 96 hours, crushed, extracted with a hydraulic module 1: (4-5) by weight, temperature 10 ° C for 60 min and filtered.