RU2343661C2 - Cultivation method of vegetable and other tilled crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry.

SUBSTANCE: method is implemented by autumn tilling of ridges in lateral direction, and furrows 20-30 cm deep, their spring cultivation, and plant sowing or setting on the southern slope. At that the angle of southern ridge slope throughout its height is α=γ-δ deg, where γ is geographic latitude of the region where plants grow, deg, and δ is geographic latitude, deg, where the direction of midday sunbeams during seeding or setting period is normal to horizontal plane. On southern ridge slope, at the level of 1/3-1/2 of its height, and not higher than the soil surface level up to the furrow tilling there formed is a step in the form of a horizontal platform or a platform with a slight slope in the direction of ridge, which is 5-10 cm wide, meant for sowing or plant setting, as well as for arranging a dripper line. Southern ridge slope is maintained in a tight condition, and northern one - in a loose condition. During hot day-time weather the ridges are cut off and furrows are covered with cutoff soil.

EFFECT: providing the sowing and setting of early vegetable crops, and arranging optimum conditions for their growth.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production and can be used in the cultivation of vegetables and other row crops. Sowing crops on the southern slopes allows it to be carried out at an earlier date (Losev AP, Zhurina KL Agrometeorology. M., Kolos, 2003, p. 51).

To grow early vegetables, ridges are cut, which are given a direction from east to west (latitudinal). A particularly favorable thermal regime is observed here on the southern slope during autumn cutting (Bryzgalov V.A., Veresov K.N. Vegetable growing. Selkhozizdat, L.-M., 1962, p.25).

The absorption of solar radiation increases with increasing angle of repose and reaches a maximum when sunlight enters the soil surface at a right angle at noonly height of the sun.

However, sowing and planting plants on the slopes is difficult, especially by means of mechanization, a stable depth of sowing and planting is not provided. In sunny weather, sowing intensively (in 1-2 days) dries the top layer of the ridge (top and sides) by 3-4 cm, therefore, on the existing profiles of the ridges, the sowing and planting depth is increased, and plant seedlings extending vertically upward through the soil emerge from delayed.

The aim of the present invention is the provision of sowing and planting (especially mechanized) of early vegetable crops, a stable depth of sowing and planting on the ridges, creating optimal conditions for emergence and growth of early vegetable and other row crops.

This goal is achieved by creating steps (horizontal platforms) 5-10 cm wide during the growing season on the southern slope of the ridge, at a level of 1/3 ... 1/2 of the height of the ridge (not higher than the level of the soil surface before cutting the furrows), and the angle α of the slope the ridge above and below the steps is

α = γ-δ deg

where γ is the geographical latitude of the area, plant growth, hail;

δ - geographical latitude, degree, at which the direction of the midday rays of the sun in a given period of time is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

So, γ for the regions of Krasnodar and Astrakhan is 46 degrees, Volgograd - 49 degrees.

For the northern hemisphere in April-May, δ = 3 ... 15 deg.

This ensures the accumulation of the maximum amount of thermal energy by the soil, the accelerated production of early seedlings, the active growth of plants in the early spring, and the increase in the temperature of the surface of the soil under the threat of frost at night, including due to which the air temperature in the surface layer rises. The angle of the northern slope of the ridge does not depend on the angle of the southern slope.

The presence of a step makes it possible to withstand the required depth of seed or seedling placement, to ensure their placement in soil provided with moisture, to place irrigation pipelines under drip irrigation, and the angle of the southern slope of the ridge specified in the formula ensures the fall of midday sunlight to the southern slope of the ridge at right angles. The angle of the southern slope is maximum in the early period and may gradually decrease with an increase in the midday height of the sun.

When hot weather occurs, the ridges are cut off, and furrows are filled up with the cut soil, which reduces moisture loss.

The southern slope is kept in a dense state for a more intense flow of thermal energy into the depths of the soil, and the northern slope is in a loose state, to reduce thermal radiation.

The formation of ridges in the latitudinal direction is carried out during autumn cutting, at which time the step can be cut with a slight slope towards the ridge to collect and accumulate rain and melt water in the zone where the root system is located, and in the spring before sowing or planting, the ridges are straightened and the platform is made horizontal.

The depth of the furrows is 20 ... 30 cm. The distance between the ridges can be 60, 70 or 90 cm, the plants are placed either on each ridge or on every second, depending on the type of plant.

From the patent technical literature, as well as from the practice of growing crops, it was not known about this set of essential features. Based on this, the conclusion is legitimate:

1. The presented set of essential features meets the criterion of novelty of the claimed technical solution.

2. The claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the prior art. The claimed technical solution can be used repeatedly, i.e. repeatedly reproduced, which meets the criterion of "industrial use".

The drawing shows the profile of the crest surface.

The profile of the ridge surface includes 1 - groove, 2 - crest, 3 - slope, 4 - step.

The slope angle of ridge 1 is α = γ-δ deg, where γ is the geographical latitude, the area of plant growth, deg; δ - geographical latitude, degree, at which the direction of the midday rays of the sun in a given period of time is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

A step (horizontal platform) 4 with a width of 5 ... 10 cm is created on the southern slope for the entire length of the ridge at the level of 1/3 ... 1/2 of the height of the ridge (not higher than the level of the soil surface before cutting the furrows).

Sowing seeds or planting seedlings is carried out on the step (horizontal platform) 4 of the southern slope. The presence of a step allows you to maintain the optimal depth of seeding of seeds or seedlings, to mechanize sowing (planting) on the slope of the ridge, and with drip irrigation to keep irrigation hoses.

The advantage of the claimed technical solution over similar solutions is that the angle of the southern slope of the ridge is α = γ-δ deg, this ensures the accumulation of the maximum amount of thermal energy in the soil, an increase in soil temperature during the day, including during periods of critical low temperatures, accelerated getting early seedlings and accelerated plant growth; plants are sown or planted to the optimum depth in moist soil, a predetermined placement on the surface of the southern slope of the ridge surface is ensured due to the presence of a step (horizontal platform) with a width of 5 ... 10 cm at a level of 1/2 ... 1/3 of the height of the ridge (not higher than the level of the soil surface before cutting furrows). To ensure the best warming of the soil to a depth, the southern slope of the ridge is kept in a dense state, and to reduce heat loss through the northern slope it is constantly kept in a loose state.

Claims (4)

1. The method of cultivation of vegetable and other row crops, including autumn cutting of ridges in the latitudinal direction and furrows with a depth of 20 ... 30 cm, their spring mandrel, sowing or planting plants on the southern slope, characterized in that the angle of the southern slope of the ridge at its entire height is α = γ-δ deg, where γ is the geographic latitude of the area where the plants are grown, hail, δ is the geographic latitude, hail, in which the direction of the midday rays of the sun during sowing or planting is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the southern slope of the ridge, at a level of 1/3 ... 1/2 of its height, not higher than the level of the soil surface before cutting the furrows, a step is created in the form of a horizontal or with a slight slope towards the ridge platforms with a width of 5 ... 10 cm for sowing or planting plants, placing an irrigation drip pipeline. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the southern slope of the ridge is kept in a dense state, and the northern one is in a loose state. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the onset of hot daytime weather, the ridges are cut off, and the furrows are covered with cut soil.

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