RU2330616C1 - Method of cell sampling from body tissues and related device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: guide-needle is inserted into affected tissue. Mandrel containing needles are inserted into guide-needle; affected area is radially punctured including surrounding tissue from different points. Biological material is aspirated in rarefied air medium though point exposure with multiple vacuum blow, until biological material appears in translucent cannula. Device for cell sampling from body tissues consists of sampler in the form of medical syringe with needle and portable vacuum device containing electrovacuum micropump, inlet valve with activator and suction line. Sampler needle is guide-needle designed to be furnished with thin mandrel containing needles. Sampler is equipped with adapter inserted into syringe piston channel and connected with vacuum device through suction line. Vacuum device is provided with receiver mounted in front of electrovacuum micropump.

EFFECT: group of inventions enables to reduce blood aspiration; to increase possibilities for puncture cell sampling and to reduce manipulation injury.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to devices for obtaining cellular material from organs and tissues of the body by aspiration.

This method is used to diagnose various diseases, and especially oncological ones. The quality of diagnosis depends on the method and technique for producing biological material.

The most common way to obtain cellular material is by aspiration with a conventional syringe through the introduction of a needle into the affected area.

The disadvantages of this method are:

- the inability to create an optimal sampling mode;

- the need for significant efforts, which leads to the displacement of the needle from the affected area and causing pain to the patient;

- the need for medical staff to work with both hands.

This method does not ensure the quality of the material, has a low productivity, often requires a repetition of the sample, increasing the time for diagnosis.

There is a method of taking cell samples with a spring syringe (device in the form of a pistol), which reduces the muscle load of the medical staff, but does not eliminate the remaining disadvantages.

There is also a known method of sampling by vacuum aspiration biopsy, in which a rarefaction of air (vacuum) is created in the sampling instrument, which “tears” the cellular material from the organ under study. Air rarefaction (vacuum) is created using a device consisting of a cylinder with pre-evacuated air and a shut-off valve connecting the cylinder to the suction line (MRONTS, Obninsk).

The disadvantages of the method are:

- the number of possible samples limited by the volume of the balloon and the low productivity due to this circumstance during mass examination under stationary conditions;

- the need for periodic pumping of air, which requires additional equipment;

- inconsistency of the degree of rarefaction as the balloon is filled with air and difficulties in implementing a stable pulsating mode of operation.

The closest technical solution is the method of obtaining cell samples from body tissues by vacuum aspiration, in which rarefaction of air is created in the syringe needle, which ensures that biological material enters the needle channel. To create a vacuum, a vacuum apparatus was developed (RF, application No. 2006127938 dated July 31, 2006) containing an electric vacuum micropump, an inlet valve with a control unit, and a suction line.

However, the known method and device have the following disadvantages. Practice shows that when conducting a puncture study, in order to obtain material from different areas of education, it is necessary to increase the number of punctures, and this increases the risk of developing severe local edema and hemorrhages.

In addition, thin needles are most often used as a sample probe, as blood aspiration decreases, but leads to the loss of cell punctate. The use of thicker needles increases cellularity, but leads to bloody smears. Due to the fact that biological tissues have different properties (density, hardness, etc.), it is necessary to create different degrees of depression depending on the type and condition of the tissue.

However, the known device cannot create a vacuum for a vacuum “blow”, since the pump is idle with the inlet valve open, and when the valve is closed, it takes a certain amount of time to achieve a high vacuum.

The present invention eliminates these disadvantages. The method of taking cell samples from body tissues developed at the Bryansk Patient and Anatomical Institute is used as the most progressive form of conducting a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (TAB), and the device for its implementation with various frequency fluctuations of negative pressure using an adapter that is installed on the syringe allows the doctor who is carrying out manipulation, dose pressure.

The objective of the invention is to reduce pain in the patient and increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

The problem is achieved in that according to the method of taking cell samples from body tissues, including the introduction of a needle with a cannula into the area of the affected tissue, followed by aspiration of the biological material, a conductor needle is inserted into the affected tissue and, by inserting thin needles with mandrin, puncture the affected the area and the tissue around it from different points, fan, while the aspiration of biological material is carried out in a medium of rarefied air by exposing the point to multiple vacuum blows until I have biological material in a transparent cannula.

In this case, the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for taking cell samples from body tissues, consisting of a sampler in the form of a medical syringe with a needle and a portable vacuum apparatus containing an electric vacuum micropump, an inlet valve with a control unit and a suction line, the sampler needle is a needle a conductor configured to insert thin needles with a mandrin into it, while the probe has an adapter inserted into the piston channel of the syringe and connected through the suction th line to a vacuum apparatus and a vacuum apparatus provided with a receiver, an upstream means of an electrical micropump.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a sample intake, figure 2 shows a diagram of a device for sampling from body tissues.

The method is as follows.

The patient is laid down. An ultrasonic sensor displays the necessary nodular formation or area of the affected tissue on the screen and determines the optimal direction of needle movement. A conductor needle is inserted into the affected area of the tissue. The mandrel needle, which is thinner and longer than the conductor needle, is inserted into the needle conductor and inserted into the nodular formation. In case the formation is small, it is punctured fan-shaped, changing the angle of the needle direction. If the formation is large, then the affected area is punctured with several needles with a mandrin, alternately inserting them into the conductor needle and changing the angle of their direction to take tissue around the formation from different points.

The movement of the needle is controlled on the monitor of the ultrasound machine. Fan movement is carried out in a node in order to obtain material from different sites of education.

The aspiration is stopped immediately after the appearance of the biopsy in the needle cannula, then the biopsy is blown onto a defatted glass slide coated with an adhesive film, smeared in one direction and processed depending on the intended staining method.

A device for taking cell samples from body tissues consists of a probe 1 and a portable vacuum apparatus 2 connected by a suction line 3.

The inlet 1 contains a medical syringe 4, a conductor needle (not shown in the drawing), a needle 5 with a mandrin 6 and a transparent cannula 7, as well as an adapter 8 installed in the piston channel 9 of the syringe 4.

Syringes of various volumes are used to collect cell samples.

Mandrin 6, placed in the channel of the needle 5, is a piece of thin wire and prevents dense tissue from entering the channel of the needle.

Durable cannula 7 is designed to control the selection of cellular material.

The adapter 8 is designed for dispensing pressure, has a hole 10, which is an additional valve for fine adjustment of the operating mode and is inserted into the piston channel 9 of the syringe 4. A flexible hose 12 is put on the free end 11 of the adapter 8, connecting it to the inlet 13.

Portable vacuum apparatus 2 is designed to create a vacuum and allows you to control the modes of evacuation (degree of vacuum, frequency and duration of pulsations).

The vacuum apparatus 2 contains an electric vacuum micropump 14, an inlet valve 15 with a control unit 16 and a foot pedal 17, a receiver 18 installed in front of the electric vacuum micropump 14, a vacuum gauge 19 and an airtight container 20 located on the suction line 3.

The electric vacuum micropump 14 provides a high constant vacuum. The power supply of the pump 14 is produced both from the AC mains and from the built-in battery, which allows sampling both in the laboratory and at the patient’s location when it is impossible or undesirable to transport it.

The inlet valve 15 provides various modes of evacuation.

The inlet valve control unit 16 has switches for the operating modes of the valve 15 and the pump 14, as well as pulsation frequency and pulse duration controllers, which allows you to set the automatic mode required in each case, including throbbing.

A pulsating vacuum allows the creation of a multiple vacuum “blow” at the sampling site, which increases the efficiency of the process. Due to the installation of the receiver 18 increases the depth of rarefaction and the amplitude of the pulsations. In the receiver 18, with the inlet valve 15 closed, a vacuum reserve is created. The vacuum is shown by the gauge 19.

To free the hands of the medical staff performing the sampling, the operation of the device is controlled by the foot pedal 17.

The power supply of the device can be carried out both from the AC mains and from the battery. This, as well as compactness and light weight make the device universal for use both in stationary and in outpatient and on-site conditions.

The installation in the suction line 3 of an additional sealed container 20 allows the use of an apparatus for aspirating biological fluids.

A syringe of sufficient volume may be used as such a container.

The device operates as follows.

A conductor needle is inserted into the affected area of the tissue.

A flexible hose 12 of the inlet 1 is connected to the inlet 13 of the suction line 3. The needle 5 with the mandrel 6 is inserted into the conductor needle. Remove mandrin 6 and depress pedal 17.

When working in automatic mode, the regulators of the control unit 16 control the vacuum modes in advance according to the pulsation frequency and pulse duration, depending on the tissue from which the sample is taken. When the foot pedal 17 is pressed, the valve 15 operates according to the specified parameters. During periods of closure of the valve 15, air is pumped out from the receiver 18, creating an additional supply of vacuum.

When operating in non-automatic mode, the operator controls the ripple frequency by pressing the pedal 17.

In both modes, on the instructions of the operator, the pump 14 can operate both continuously (regardless of the position of the pedal 17), and when you press the pedal 17.

A vacuum is created in the vacuum line 3. At this time, the doctor who performs the manipulation closes and opens the hole 10 of adapter 8 with the phalanx of the finger, dosing the pressure in the needle 5. Under the influence of a vacuum stroke, the cell material comes off at the sampling site, which enters the cannula 7 of the needle 5, from where it is blown on a glass slide or test tube with a preservative for further processing.

Claims (2)

1. The method of taking cell samples from body tissues, including the introduction of a needle with a cannula into the area of the affected tissue, followed by aspiration of biological material, characterized in that a conductor needle is inserted into the affected tissue and, by inserting thin needles with mandrin into it, puncture the affected area and the tissue around it from different points, fan, while aspiration of the biological material is carried out in a rarefied air environment by exposing the point to multiple vacuum blows until the biological material appears in transparent cannula. 2. A device for taking cell samples from body tissues, consisting of a probe in the form of a medical syringe with a needle and a portable vacuum apparatus containing an electric vacuum micropump, an inlet valve with a control unit and a suction line, characterized in that the probe needle is a conductor needle, made with the possibility of installing thin needles with a mandrin into it, while the sample probe has an adapter inserted into the piston channel of the syringe and connected through a suction line to a vacuum app Rath and the vacuum apparatus is provided with a receiver, an upstream means of an electrical micropump.

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