RU2317243C2 - Pneumatic lift - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: spacecraft.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed to inject load to space orbit and to service spacecraft. Proposed lift contains hermetic communicating main and additional shafts lifting hermetically sealed cabin and communicating through adjustable mechanism. Each shaft essentially is sealed tube with vertical cut assembled from separate sections with fitted in zip fastener opening at unsealing of shaft when cabin moves along zip fastener and closed after passing of cabin. Shafts are assembled into posts 90 with sectional tube-like ballonets and lightning rods of lightning arrester. Posts with cabins, water line, ventilation, sewage lines and post with power supply and communication cables are provided. Cabin is set into motion by pistons of shafts. Space around lift is fenced by wind deflector. Lift is connected to space station 128 enclosed in air filled multilayer shell opened to provided arrangement of space stations under shell.

EFFECT: enlarged range of lifting facilities.

2 cl, 30 dwg

Description

The invention relates to elevators driven by pneumatic devices, V66V 9/04, and is intended to display the cargo into space orbit with a lift, that is, it serves as ground equipment for servicing spacecraft, B64G 5/00, installation on top of the lift is provided dock for the construction and repair of spaceships.

1. Known and described in the literature (see the article "Space Lifts" in the journal "Young Technician" 1981, issue 6, p.52) space elevators of the Earth-Moon type, containing a satellite that rotates synchronously with the Moon in orbit near the Earth, a cable connecting it to the Moon, and a container or cabin, movably attached to the cable and moving along it with the load. The disadvantage of this design is the lack of stable delivery of cargo from the Earth's surface in the container to orbit and vice versa, which reduces the productivity of the elevator.

2. An electric train is known for putting cargo and passengers into Earth’s orbit (Y. Artzutanov. Into space on an electric locomotive. / Komsomolskaya Pravda. 07/31/1960 Sunday application. A. Clark: Paradise Fountains), including: 1) an electrically conductive rope assembled from thin threads with a cross section less than the thickness of a human hair, one end of the rope descends to the surface of the Earth or another planet, the second end of the rope is fixed on board a large space station located at a distance of about 60,000 km from the Earth or another planet, 2) a solar power station at a distance of 5,000 km from the Earth, containing mirrors and supplying current to the rope; 3) a locomotive and a train with pressurized cabins for passengers moving along the rope to the equilibrium point of its centrifugal force and the gravity of the Earth or another planet under the action of a solar electric power generating induction EMF in the solenoid of the locomotive and wagons, and after this point under the action of centrifugal force, 4) openwork fencing. It was assumed that the speed of such a train would be several kilometers per second. For the construction of the cableway, an artificial satellite is thrown into the zone of equilibrium of gravity and centrifugal force, on which the first thread will be assembled - in a minimum section thinner than a human hair with a weight of about 1000 tons, two ends of this road descend from the satellite at once: one on Earth, the second - into outer space. When the first thread is fixed on the Earth, using it as a support, an automatic “spider” is launched on it, which will stretch the second parallel thread, then the third, fourth, etc. It is possible to use a cableway to connect the surface of the moon with the surface of the earth. Threads are made from a fundamentally new material - carbon nanotubes (A. Moiseenko. To space - by elevator. / Komsomolskaya Pravda. Club of the curious. March 4-10, 2005, pp. 8-9). In Massachusetts University of Technology, a 90-meter-long section has already been manufactured by NASA's order and allowed to go up and down a freight platform powered by an autonomous power supply. In 2018, Americans plan to send a cargo platform into space.

The disadvantages of the proposed design are:

1) there is no description of devices for damping extraneous electrical vibrations generated by the planet’s ionosphere and heliosphere during solar flares in a rope,

2) the influence of vibrations on an extra-long rope is not taken into account,

3) there is no description of a spider for weaving a rope,

4) there is no industrial base or its description for the construction of means of production for the manufacture of cableway elements,

5) there is no detailed description of the base of the tower or floating platform, where the lower end of the rope will be fixed on the Earth’s surface (D. Wilson, E. Bogorad. Up into orbit. / Popular Mechanics, November 2002),

6) the most convenient location on the surface of the planet is considered to be the location of the described lift near the equator, and not at high latitudes, where the Russian Federation and the CIS countries are located.

Pneumatic railways are known from the patent classification section B61B 13/12, including, in different versions, a tunnel or pipeline with a train moving inside it. Their disadvantage is that they are adapted to the movement of the train only in the horizontal direction; when moving in the vertical direction, the train will have to overcome a considerable force of its weight.

Pneumatic mail pipelines are known from the patent classification section B65G 51 / 04-51 / 46, inside which a container with cargo moves. Their disadvantage is the insignificant mass of the delivered cargo.

A well-known androgynous device for docking spacecraft according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2059542 C1 dated 06/13/88. increasing the reliability of docking of devices of predominantly large masses and dimensions and simplifying the device by increasing the specific energy consumption of the depreciation system in it, the depreciation-driven ring system is made in the form of several independent pneumatic shock absorbers with external flanges attached on cardan joints to the ring and the device body, the shock absorbers are movably mounted in sleeves with extended ends interacting with heels fixed in the housing, pneumatic cylinders equipped with floating pistons are installed in the sleeves, and longitudinal bores are installed in which spring ones are installed pushers, and the pushers and pneumatic cylinders are equipped with rods that interact with the flanges of shock absorbers and pneumatic cylinders through shut-off valves, are connected to Kami high and low pressure apparatus. The disadvantage of the described device is the lack of space vehicles of large masses and dimensions, it is necessary to establish their production.

A device for protecting an object in outer space according to the patent for the invention of the USSR No. 1709899 A3 of 11.16.1988, B64G 1/52, containing a multilayer inflatable shell surrounding the object, characterized in that in order to improve the functioning of the object in outer space by approximating these conditions to the terrestrial space between the layers of the shell are filled with gas with a decrease in pressure as the transition from the gas surrounding the object to the gas bounded by the outer layer of the shell, with each layer of the shell connected to the adjacent a sheath layer, wherein each sheath layer is connected to an adjacent sheath layer by at least four connecting elements. In addition, each layer of the shell is made of a material that does not impede the penetration of electromagnetic waves, or, conversely, one of the layers can be permeable to electromagnetic waves. In addition, each layer of the shell is made in the form of outer films and carrier tissue located between them. In addition, the spaces between the object and the inner layer of the shell and between the layers of the shell are filled with an inert gas. The disadvantages of the described invention are the inability to extract the object from the shell and its placement there without violating the integrity of the shell and the lack of attachment of the object to the inner layer of the shell.

A well-known aerostatic roof according to US patent No. 4662127 dated 05/05/1987, ЕО4В 1/34, self-supporting, self-lifting, movable and completely removable, for accompanying building structures, including a very light structure and, as an additional structure, a shell with an arbitrary shape, many small balloons filled with helium located inside the specified shell, a roof including fastening means and a nacelle with which these balloons and fastening means ensure Self-lifting and mobility of the roof, so that the specified roof can be placed on building structures. The disadvantage of the described construction is the lack of separation of the roof self-lifting function and the lifting function of the building structure to which it is attached, which, while maintaining high-rise structures, increases the load on the aerostat as a whole, making it possible to increase the antiphase swing of a double-height object with an aerostat between its height parts when bending the balloon roof loads and accompanying rigid structures with their subsequent cracking.

Known balloon shell according to the application No. 200129261/28 (031017) from 11/22/2000, 1/64 B64B, containing at least two shells connected by jumpers, characterized in that the inner shell is impermeable to the surrounding atmosphere and its contents, lighter than the surrounding atmosphere, and the outer shells serve to protect the inner shells from adverse environmental factors, while the balloon has means of attachment to building structures. In addition, the shell may contain means for mooring airships and for disembarking passengers, while it is made in the form of an open platform or a closed boathouse for airships. In addition, the shell of the balloon may have a waterproof one of the outer shells and contain a container for the ground in which the plants are planted. In addition, one of the outer shells, covering the inner shells in whole or in part, is made in the form of a wall, while the balloon is a reinforcing element of building structures. In addition, the outer shell may contain a fenced area for people, while the fastening means are able to change the height of the site above the ground and disconnect from building structures. In addition, as bridges between the inner shell, single-chamber or multi-chamber, and the outer shells, hollow tubes connecting the chambers with the external environment, attached to the elements of building structures and having movable or fixed plugs, can serve. The examination rejected this application as not satisfying the requirement of novelty, but practically because I did not find its prototype. The novelty elements in it are enough when compared with the specified application as a prototype.

A folder with a plastic zipper (for example, ZIP manufactured by Erich Krause), which, unlike clothing zippers that are locked to elements perpendicular to the movement of the carriage, is locked and locked to longitudinal elements parallel to the movement of the carriage, is known and marketed. Its disadvantage from the point of view of the new application of this lightning in a pneumatic lift is the possibility of its opening under the influence of internal air pressure when the carriage is located outward.

Known pneumatic lift copyright certificate for invention of the USSR No. 829533 from 07/30/1979, BVB 9/04, containing two tubular racks located parallel to each other on a support base and having longitudinal slots provided with seals, a load-bearing element placed in the slots of the racks and made in the form of a traverse connected with the cabin, as well as a drive for moving the traverse in the form of a main piston installed with the possibility of movement inside each tubular rack, moreover, the cavity of the columns is connected with pipelines compressed air supply, characterized in that in order to increase economy and reliability, it is equipped with an additional piston located in each rack, a rod connecting the respective main and additional pistons, and rollers mounted on the rod between the piston and resting on the walls of the rack, this hole is made at the ends of the traverse, through each of which is passed the specified seal in contact with the said rollers. The disadvantage of this invention is that the rod with rollers can be a significant mass and leads to an increase in the diameter of the pipeline. In addition, the flexible valve is fixed only in the upper part of the tubular posts and in case of emergency it can be cut in the transverse direction, which will lead to its fall and clogging of the pipeline. It needs to be attached to the edges of the cut tubular racks.

Known and proposed as a prototype mine pneumatic lift according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1151502 A dated 12/25/1978, B66B 9/04, 17/00, containing a sealed barrel, an air blower for supplying compressed air to the barrel, a lifting vessel located in the barrel, and sealing elements, characterized in that in order to increase productivity in deep mines it is equipped with an additional barrel and an additional lifting vessel installed in it, while the trunks are interconnected in the lower part by a pipeline through an adjustable mechanism.

The disadvantages of the described invention from the point of view of delivering cargo to the Earth’s orbit with its help is the low stability of a pair of trunks to the rotation of the Earth and wind gusts, its vulnerability to lightning, the occurrence of currents from the ionosphere in the direction of the planet’s surface, it is necessary to minimize the weight of trunks that can reach 100 km in height. At the same time, the presence of a pair of trunks is relevant when delivering cargo to a great height.

The aim of the invention is the adaptation of a mine pneumatic lift for suborbital delivery of goods and its use as a dock support for the construction and repair of spaceships.

Technical result:

- construction of a pneumatic lift, different in purpose from a mine pneumatic lift and used to deliver goods and passengers to the height of space orbit at least to the point of no return, as an optimum to an altitude of 100 km;

- Compensation of the weight of the elevator trunks by the lifting force of balloons attached to it in the lower atmosphere;

- the construction of high-rise protective structures around the lift to protect it from gusts of wind;

- placement of spacecraft under construction or under repair under a multilayer shell isolating them from the external environment;

- increasing the stability of the elevator trunks by deepening their ends into the ground and fastening them in the upper part with bridges and a docking station with the formation of a pyramid-like structure with uprights as the edges of the pyramid;

- creation of an environmentally friendly design for the delivery of goods into orbit;

- the possibility of use at lower altitudes: in the mountains, in high-rise buildings, etc .;

- organization of water and air supply from the surface of the planet under a multilayer shell on top of the lift;

- the use of two cabs simultaneously, rising and falling in antiphase at the same time.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the pneumatic lift, which contains sealed main shafts communicating via an adjustable mechanism and additional shafts communicating with them, each of which is a sealed metal pipe assembled from separate sections, an air blower for supplying compressed air to the shafts, the pipe in its above-ground part has a longitudinal section with edges spaced apart by the width of the beam supporting the cabin, and flanges in the form of rings open opposite the section of the beam, and in the entire underground part does not have a cut, with each trunk containing sealing elements, which are a zipper — two strips that form a detachable connection, containing concavities and protrusions parallel to the edges of the longitudinal section of the trunk, with the possibility of connecting concavities and protrusions of one strip with corresponding concavities and protrusions the second strip with barrel sealing and with the possibility of separation or connection by the carriage, free, lockable, openable, the edges of the strips are placed deep about inside the pipe, reaching its center, and the fixed edges of the strips are a continuation of the insulating dielectric material covering the metal pipe on the outside, above and below the beam supporting the cab, a pair of carriages is attached with the ability to open the strips in front of the moving beam and close the strips behind it, and along each trunk along the pipe walls and along the edges of the strips on the reverse side from the concavities and protrusions of the lightning are parallel straight grooves, characterized in that each section of the underground part is connected to the e and the underlying sections of the sleeve connection, as well as the upper underground section with the lowest elevated above-ground section, each barrel contains a pair of pistons, the lower of which is attached to the carriage attached from the bottom supporting the cab of the beam, and the upper end is attached to the carriage attached from the top of the supporting cab beams, and the pistons are made of self-lubricating materials, have ribs on the lateral surfaces that are inserted into the said grooves, carry rollers inserted into the same grooves above and below the ribs and have a deep to the center of symmetry on a drill where the strips of lightning are inserted, the piston notch has its own ribs and rollers that are inserted into the grooves of the strips, while the barrel contains a pair of electric pumps of air blowers, the lower of which is located in a horizontal pipe with a damper connecting the main and additional trunks at the planet's surface with the ability to move air between the lower pistons of the main and additional shafts, the upper one is located at the highest point of the lift with the ability to move air between the upper pistons of the main and additional trunks; open pipes with dampers and pumps adjoining horizontal pipes connecting the main and additional trunks near the planet’s surface and in the upper part of the elevator with the ability to control the pressure in the trunks by pumping and pumping air in the spaces of the main and additional trunks under the lower pistons and above the upper pistons; trunks are assembled in racks, combining an even number of trunks and formed by rings of large diameter, containing parallel grooves on the outer side surfaces, with bridges connecting the barrel flanges to each other and rings of large diameter; a composite tube-shaped balloon, consisting of elementary balloons external to the large-diameter rings, which are connected to the rings of large diameter, which are connected together by parallel fittings in the form of rings, the top and bottom fittings in the form of rings carry rollers inserted into the grooves of the rings of large diameter with the possibility of rotation on the rollers of the vertical section of the composite tube-shaped balloon under the action of wind around two adjacent rings of large diameter, a tube-shaped protective shell, with mounted on the outside of the composite tube-shaped balloon, at the lower edge, the section of the tube-shaped shell carries an annular flap covering the gap between adjacent sections of the tube-shaped shell, ballonettes internal to the rings of large diameter, attached by rods to bridges and rings of large diameter, lightning rods in the form of rings that are attached outside the tube-like protective sheath, pointed pin spikes are carried and which are connected to a common grounded insulated wire, seated along one of the trunks; a sealed cabin is placed on the crossing beams attached to the pairs of trunk carriages, in addition, there is a stand containing a pipe with steam, a pipe with an air duct for cold air, a ventilation pipe, a sewer pipe, pipes with water vapor and cold air are coated with insulation and made with the possibility of mixing cold air and steam at the top of the lift to get water; in addition, there is a rack containing a pipe with an input wiring cable, a pipe with an output wiring cable, a pipe with an input communication cable, a pipe with an output communication cable; all racks are assembled in a pyramid-like structure, they intersect near the top of the pyramid, and above the intersection they are connected by bridges parallel to the surface of the planet; at the upper point, racks with cabs are attached to the transitional compartments of the docking station, consisting of a base unit, docking compartments and transition compartments; at the upper point, racks with pipes and cables are attached to the docking compartments of the station, the station is surrounded by a spherical multilayer shell, the layers of which are connected together by connecting elements in the form of tie ropes, racks or rigid struts, which are filled with air or gas, to various degrees filling the space between layers: under the first inner layer, air or gas pressure is equal to atmospheric, then decreases from layer to layer, and which is penetrated in one half by two horseshoe-shaped membranes consisting of two halves each with the possibility of pumping air out from under the shells and when opening with scissor-shaped propellers the opening of the upper hemisphere of the shell and access of space stations under construction or under repair, their blocks and other spacecraft into the space under the first, inner layer of the shell when opening the inner and outer membranes and into the space under the outer layer of the shell when opening the outer membrane; scissor thrusters are formed by scissor-shaped membrane breakers into two halves, driven by axial piston rods, under which air flows from a common inlet in a pair of coaxial cylinders; while the parts of the racks located in the airless space do not contain a composite tube-shaped balloon and rollers, so that the tube-shaped protective shell is attached directly to the rings of large diameter, which also houses radio and telecommunication antennas; the space around the lift is surrounded by protective structures - windbreakers, each windbreak is formed by vertical struts containing one pipe reinforcement and rotating pipe-like shells; vertical racks are located in close proximity to each other with a minimum gap, forming four vertical planes, two of which are located at an obtuse angle to each other, and the second two are parallel to the first, the space between the planes is closed, since it is also enclosed by vertical racks on the sides; when viewed from above from space, the protective structures form a multi-beam star formed by the first of the described planes, and the second of the planes, located at an obtuse angle to the first, form spikes on the rays of the star; in the center of the star there is a lift; the vertical posts of the windbreaker contain one pipe, the flanges of which are connected to the rings of large diameter by bridges, around the ring of large diameter there is a tube-shaped protective shell rotating around it, which at the upper and lower edges of each section has reinforcement in the form of a ring to which the rollers are inserted gutters on the outer side surface of a large diameter ring; bridges connecting the opposing vertical posts of parallel planes are fastened between the gutters on the inner side of the vertical struts of the plane of the windbreaker, the bridges of each mentioned pair of struts are connected inside the windbreaker by bridges perpendicular to them, forming a horizontal lattice connecting all the struts into a single whole; a ring of large diameter is surrounded at each vertical stand by a fixed annular shield open at the exit of the bridges connecting the vertical posts of parallel planes, covering the gap between adjacent rotating sections of the protective tube-like shell;

inside the uprights there are placed balloons with lifting gas, fastened from the inside to large-diameter rings and to bridges using rods.

In addition, the lift according to claim 1 may differ in that on the pipes of the vertical struts of the windbreakers, on the sewer pipe, on the pipe with an output communication cable, on one of the trunks of the lift of each rack, vertical rails are attached having periodically repeating holes for the movement of the self-propelled installation; on bridges, rings of large diameter and vertical flanges of the trunks of the trunks there are rails with handrails at the same level, and the self-propelled installation is a chair with passenger seat belts, with a footrest, with hooks in the bottom from the bottom for hanging cargo, with gear transmission, fastened to the back of the chair for movement along the rail, with the lever of two gearboxes of two motorcycle engines; the gear consists of gears with the possibility of rotation of the teeth with teeth on the holes in the rail, gears with the possibility of rotation from the drives of motorcycle engines, a bicycle-type chain transmitting rotation from the second to the first group of gears.

Description of figures

The figures show the following objects.

In Fig.1 is a schematic diagram of the moving element of the lift, in Fig.2 - the main or additional trunk of the lift on a horizontal slice, Fig.3 - Slice BB pistons 5 and 6 in the barrel of the lift, Fig.4 - cut EE pistons 5 and 6 in the elevator barrel, FIG. 5 is a slice of DD pistons 5 and 6 in the elevator barrel, FIG. 6 is a section of the carriage BB, in FIG. 7 is a GG section of the upper and lower piston carriages, and FIG. 8 is a lower ground connection and the upper underground sections of the trunk, in Fig.9 - rack lift with pipes of the steam pipe, cold air duct, ventilation and sewage , FIG. 10 is a rack of a lift with a cabin for astronauts and cargoes, FIG. 11 is a side view of the LJ rail for a self-propelled installation, FIG. 12 is a rear view of a self-propelled installation, FIG. 13 is a side view of a self-propelled installation, FIG. .14 is a general view 33 of the upper part of the struts of the elevator, in Fig. 15 is a view from the Earth's side of a docking station for building and repairing spacecraft, in Fig. 16 is a location diagram of a horseshoe-shaped membrane, a front view, in Fig. 17 is a location scheme of a horseshoe-shaped membranes, side view, in Fig. 18 - mover of a horseshoe-shaped membrane, in Fig. 19 - knech t, in Fig.20 is a mixer of cold air and water vapor, in Fig.21 is a schematic view of a side view of one of the racks of the lift before lifting, Fig.22 is a schematic view of a side view of one of the racks of a lift in the process of lifting, in Fig.23 is a schematic view of a side view of one of the racks of the lift at the end of the lift, in Fig.24 is the upper part of the mounted lift at the moment of joining the racks, in Fig.25 is a horizontal section of the protective structure - a windbreaker, in Fig.26 is a general layout on the surface of the planet and in Lisi it lifts and windbreaks, top view, Figure 27 - vertical slice windbreak portion with one tube at 28 - rollers tubular containment windbreak member.

The numbers in the figures indicate

in figure 1 and below: 1 - the main elevator trunks, 2 - additional elevator trunks, 3 - cabins, 4 - support beams, 5 - upper lifting pistons, 6 - lower lifting pistons, 7 - lower electric pumps of trunks at the planet’s surface, 8 - the upper electric pumps of the trunks at the station, 9 - the electric pump for regulating the pressure in the system of communicating trunks, 10 - the air intake opening into the atmosphere on Earth, the ventilation pipe at the station or into the air storage when the elevator is located on another planet, 11 - the air intake-exhaust flap in syst communicating trunks to him;

figure 2 and below: 12 - strips, 13 - rivets, 14 - flange of the trunk pipe section, 15 - horizontal connecting bridges, 16 - metal pipe of the barrel, 17 - longitudinal grooves in the wall of the pipe 16 and strips 12, 18 - insulating dielectric material outside the pipe, 19 - lightning conductor wire, 20 - dielectric coupling around 19, 21 - longitudinal section in the barrel wall for installing strips 12;

figure 3 and below: 22 - the body of the piston 5 or 6, 23 - the ribs of the piston 5 or 6, 24 - the rollers, 25 - the wall of the carriage, 26 - the reinforcing protrusions of the carriage, 27 - the cover of the carriage, 28 - the bends of the side walls of the carriage;

figure 4 and below: 29 - the partition of the carriage;

figure 5 and below: 30 - protrusion of the strips 12, 31 - concavity of the strips 12;

in Fig.6, 7 and below: 32 - bends of the partition 29, 33 - the gap between the bends 28 of the walls 25 and the bends 32 of the partition 29 with strips 12 in it;

on Fig and below: 34 - the lower above-ground section of the barrel 1 or 2, 35 - the upper underground section of the barrel 1 or 2, 36 - the partition separating the space with the working fluid (air supplied by pumps 7) and the space of the dead end of the pipe, 37 - the upper edge with a thread of the sleeve type of the upper underground section of the barrel 1 or 2, 38 - the horizontal pipe of the pump 7 connecting the trunks 1 and 2, 39 - the surface level of the planet, 40 - the ring with the thread of section 34 mating with 37;

in Fig. 9 and below: 41 - water pipe, 42 - insulation, 43 - cold air duct pipe, 44 - flange connection of pipe sections, 45 - ventilation pipe, 46 - sewer pipe, 47 - internal balloons with lifting gas, 48 - a large-diameter ring, 49 - rails for self-propelled installation, 50 - external elementary balloons of a tube-shaped balloon, compensating the weight of the protective shell, 51 - a composite tube-shaped balloon, 52 - a tube-shaped protective shell, 53 - lightning rod air terminal, 54 - tube-shaped balloon balloon, 55 - rod securing internal ballonets 56 - railing with handrail;

figure 10 and below: 57 - balloons with lifting gas, compensating for the weight of 1) the nearest trunks, 2) the upper sections of the barrel of the same rack in the airless space and the space of rarefied air of the atmosphere, 3) sections of the tube-shaped protective shell of the same rack in airless space and the space of rarefied air, 4) the nearest ring of large diameter 48 and its bridges 15, 5) Moscow 15 and the ring of large diameter 48 of the same rack in the airless space and space of rarefied air, 6) rails 49 at the level of balloons and in airspace and thin air space, 58 - androgynous docking unit;

11 and below: 59 - holes in the rail 49 for holding the gears of the self-propelled installation;

12, 13 and below: 60 — a bicycle type chain, 61 — gear wheels for movement along a rail 49, 62 — gear wheels for chain rotation 60, 63 — an armchair, 64 — motorcycle engines in a case, 65 — gas tanks, 66 - cargo hooks, 67 - a cylinder with compressed gas for refueling balloons 47, 50, 57, 68 - a footrest, 69 - a lever for regulating speed and direction of movement, 70 - seat belts, 71 - cylinder hose 67;

in Fig. 14 and below: 72 - the central compartment of the base unit, 73 - transitional compartments, 74 - docking compartment of the rack with air pipes, 75 - portholes, 76 - multilayer inflatable shell, 77 - beams connecting the transition compartments with the upper rings of large diameter 48, 78 - bollards for zero gravity, 79 - antenna cables;

15 and below: 80 — connecting elements of the sheath layers 76, 81 — docking station base unit, 82 — docking compartments of the docking station, 83 — docking compartment of the rack with power and communication cables, 84 — radio communication antennas, 85 — television antennas, 86 - two horseshoe-shaped membranes, 87 - places of entry of air pipes, 88 - places of entry of cables;

in Fig.16, 17 and below: 89 - places of attachment of the layers of shells 76 behind the membrane 86, 90 - a rack with trunks of elevators, 91 - a rack with trunks of pipe air ducts, 92 - a rack with cables;

in Fig. 18 and below: 93 — vacuum, 94 — screws around which rotation occurs, 95 — scissor-shaped membrane breaker, 96 — pistons, 97 — piston axial rods, 98 — stops for fixing the position of the pistons, 99 — cylinder walls, 100 - hole for air supply; the arrow indicates the direction of air supply to close the membrane;

in Fig. 19 and below: 101 — actually a bollard, 102 — a cap, 103 — a vertical slot in the cap, 104 — a rope, 105 — a clamping nut;

in Fig. 20 and below: 106 — a branch pipe of a steam pipeline, 107 — a branch pipe with cold air, 108 — a branch of a ventilation pipe with room temperature air, 109 — a damper cover, 110 — a narrowing of the air resistance, 111 — a condensate collection grate, 112 - the outlet of the mixture of water and air, the arrows indicate the direction of movement of air, steam and water;

on Fig.21-23 and below: 113 - the surface of the planet, 114 - the conditional boundary of the stratosphere, 115 - clusters (bundles) of stratostats, 116 - loads for attaching the lower end of the rack and lying horizontally before lifting the rack, 117 - meteorological probes, 118 - satellite for visual observation of probes and stratostats, 119 - resulting force of influence on the wind stand, 120 - direction of the wind accompanying to lift the wind stand, 121 - direction of the wind stand that prevents the rise of the wind stand, 122 - opposite directions of stable winds bending the stand 90 from the stratos tatami, 123 - untied stratospheres, reaching the upper boundary of the stratosphere, 124 - stratostats, untied at the point of application of the winds to avoid rack jitter 90, 125 - airships, 126 - docking trawl, 127 - communication systems with satellite and stratospheric detachment systems, 128 - space station;

in Fig.24 and below: 129 - hoop of the trawl 126, 130 - cables for attaching the trawl 126 to the rack 90, 131 - metal bent pipes with stops 132 and trap-shaped grippers 133, 134 - network with large cells, 135 - harpoon, 136 - cable harpoon;

in Fig.25 and below: 137 - pipe element of a windbreaker, 138 - its flanges, 139 - angle of deviation of the wind flow;

on Fig and below: 140 - windbreakers, 141 - docking station, the arrow indicates the direction of rotation of the planet;

in Fig. 27 and below: 142 - a large-diameter ring with an increased distance between the grooves 143 for the rollers, 144 - an annular shield for covering the gap between the vertically adjacent pipe-like protective shells, 145 - the connection point of the bridges 15 outside the large-diameter ring 142;

in Fig.28: 146 - the wheels of the rollers, 147 - the wheel holder, 148 - supporting reinforcement in the form of a ring, 149 - ring-shaped fastenings of the pipe-shaped protective shell to the supporting reinforcement, 150 - the axis of the wheels.

Cabin 3 is installed on four intersecting beams 4, each beam 4 is driven by a pair of trunks of the lift 1 or 2, that is, only 8 trunks. Figure 1 trunks of the second and fourth pairs are not shown, because their design is similar to that shown. A couple of trunks can also be used to deliver light cargo, but then a lightweight cabin without proper sealing and reliability will be required, so a heavy cabin similar to the Soyuz orbital compartment or the Progress cargo compartment has been chosen. To save electricity, pumps 7 and 8 on the part of the installation work cycle, each pair of trunks 1 of one cab is connected to a pair of trunks 2 of another cab. The cabins of trunks 1 and 2 descend and rise in antiphase: while one starts the descent from the highest ascent point, the second from the lowest, then they change places. The space of the trunks 1 and 2 under the lower lifting pistons 6 is communicating. The space of the trunks 1 and 2 above the upper lifting pistons 5 is also communicating. The names “main” and “additional” are conditional, because trunks 1 and 2 are equal and functionally interchanged: first, the cabin descends in one pair of trunks, in the other pair of trunks, the second cabin is lifted, then, on the contrary, the second cabin goes down, the first goes up .

The installation is divided into three stages. At the first stage, the top of the pair of cabins of communicating trunks is located above the point of no return (i.e., the point above which the released body does not fall on the Earth’s surface, but begins to orbit), then the Earth’s gravitational force does not pull it down, external force is required to shift it her out of place. To do this, open the shutter 11 with pumps 7 and 8, turn on the pumps 7 and 8, causing air movement in the vessels 1, which lowers the cabin down. From the trunks 1, under the pistons 6, the air goes under the pistons 6 of the lift cabin, and from the trunks 2 above the pistons 5, the air goes to the pistons 5 of the lift cabin, the second cabin rises. At the second stage, after the upper cabin passes the point of no return, it begins to fall to the Earth, displacing the weight under the pistons 6 into the trunks 2 and lifting the second cabin. At this stage, pumps 7 and 8 can be turned off, saving energy. At the third stage, the descent and lift cabs are at the same level, to continue the movement, the pumps 7 and 8 are turned on again. At the end of the movement, the shutters 11 are closed with pumps 7 and 8. The opening of the shutters to start a new cycle of movement occurs by a conditional signal, for example, by radio signal or by negotiating the upper and lower operators by telephone, mobile or regular.

The pressure inside the vessels 1 and 2 can be regulated: above the pistons 5, opening the damper 11 with the upper pump 9 and including the upper pump 9, below the pistons 6, opening the damper 11 with the lower pump 9 and turning it on. For example, by increasing the pressure at the first stage over the pistons 5, it is possible to increase the speed of the descent cabin; under the pistons 6, the speed of the elevated cabin. Using pumps 9, compensation is made for possible air leaks into outer space from the upper part of the barrel. The descent speed, in contrast to the prototype, is controlled mainly not by the dampers, but by the operation of the pumps 7 and 8. For example, when changing the current strength in the plates of the electric pump 7 or 8 using a variable resistance rheostat, their rotation speed changes, and therefore, the speed of air from the trunks 1 to 2 or from 2 to 1. This speed regulation is more accurate than using dampers, since the variable resistance rheostat can be calibrated to the smallest current values. The average speed of descent or ascent is chosen to be about 1.39 m / s (100 km in 20 hours). At different sites of descent - ascent, it can be varied.

Pumps 7-9 are able to rotate in both directions: 7 and 8 - when changing the descent and lift cabs, 9 - when aspirating or forcing air into the system of communicating vessels of the trunks. The upper pumps 8 and 9 receive electricity from the batteries of the station, the lower pumps 7 and 9 - from the earth's electrical network.

Trunks 1 and 2 are arranged in the same way (Figs. 2, 5), so that in the figures you can replace the number 1 with the number 2 or swap them. They consist of separate sections having a flange connection 14. The flanges of adjacent sections are welded to each other and can additionally be fastened with rivets 13, also welded to the flange to avoid leaks. The section is a pipe 16 with a longitudinal section 21, the edges of which are spaced apart to install strips 12, which are a continuation of the dielectric sheath of the pipe 18. In the manufacture of the section, the dielectric sheath is glued to the pipe 16 by preheating and then solidifying. For better adhesion 16 and 18, the outer wall 16 should be rough so that there are more adhesion points. When wrapping 18 around 16, they can be welded, for example, by radiation, as is the case in the manufacture of electrical cables. In the manufacture of the section, the edges of the cut 21 of the pipe 16 are formed either by cutting a rectangular strip according to the size of the cut 21 in the whole pipe, or by a vertical cut with the edges extending to the dimensions of the cut 21.

Vertical chutes 17 (FIGS. 2-5) are made in the pipe 16, into which ribs (protrusions) 23 of the pistons 22 (5 and 6) of self-lubricating materials and rollers 24 are inserted, in order to avoid rotation of the pistons around the vertical axis of symmetry with twisting of the strips 12. The ribs 23 are available only on the side faces of the pistons, the upper and lower faces of the pistons are flat. On the side of the piston facing the cutout 21 of the pipe, there is a deep notch, the slot is a groove for the strips 12. To better compress the strips 12 to each other, they also have grooves 17, which include ribs 23 and rollers 24 located in the piston cut 22. The edges of the strips 12 facing each other have concavities 31 and protrusions 30, fitted exactly in size to each other (Figs. 5, 7). When the strips 12 pass through a deep incision at 22, concavities 31 and protrusions 30 are tightly pressed together, forming a zipper-like connection, but not with clothing with the contact of the ribs installed across the movement of the carriage, and a folder with the connection along the movement of the carriage. The strips of the sections of the barrel 1, 2, located in a vacuum, are made of self-lubricating materials in order to avoid their welding with each other.

The first folder zipper carriage (Fig.7) is connected by welding to the body 22 of the upper piston 5, the second carriage to the body of the lower piston 6. Namely, they are welded from one edge of the wall 25 of the carriage, the septum 29, the cover 27, and the protrusions 26. The latter are only intended in order to increase the contact area of the carriage with the piston, to more firmly connect the side planes of the carriage cover and its walls through 26 to 22. The carriages with the piston and beam 4 can be solid or welded together.

The function of the two carriages is to close and open the strips 12 by pressing them to each other and squeezing the concavities 31 and protrusions 30 into each other and open the zipper around the beam 4. In other places, the zipper is fastened, the barrel is sealed due to the fact that the strips 12 are turned inward trunk and penetrate deep into it. If the strips were facing out and sticking out of the trunk, then the internal air pressure could open the contact between concavities 31 and protrusions 30 with depressurization of the trunks. With the internal arrangement of the strips, the air pressure in the barrel only presses the strips 12 more tightly together, trying to turn them inside out and push them out of the barrel through slot 21. But they resist ejection due to their elasticity. Increasing the thickness of the strips increases their elasticity, making contact more reliable. The opening of the strips 12 by the first carriage and their closing by the second carriage occurs due to the entry of the strips into the slot 33 between the protrusions of the walls 28 and the protrusions of the partition 32 (Fig.6). The protrusions 32 form a triangular wedge, which with its apex pushes the strips 12 apart when they open or ensures their smooth entry (sliding) of the bulges and concavities of the strips into each other when they are closed.

The trunks of the lift 1 and 2 have a significant height (about 100 km). To fix them, they stick deep into the earth (into the soil, the soil of the planet), that is, they have something similar to the root root system of trees, but without branching of the processes. The connection of the aboveground and underground parts of the trunks is shown in Fig. 8. The lower section 34 of the aboveground part penetrates its lower end shallow into the soil. So that the air from the pipe 38, passing into the vertical shaft 1 or 2, does not swirl in the section of the pipe 34 immersed in the soil, which will be equivalent to establishing air resistance in the path of its movement, there is a partition 36 for smooth entry of air from 38 to 1 or 2. The pipe 38 is connected to the trunks 1 and 2 by welding.

To connect the sections of the trunk underground, a sleeve connection between 37 and 40 was used, since flanges 14 would cling to the ground if they were buried under the ground, or large gaps would have to be left between the pipe surface and the edge of the flange. A drill of the type used for drilling oil wells (not shown in the figures) is installed on the lowermost underground section of the trunk. To establish the root system, a platform for drilling oil wells is used. As the hole deepens into the well, the next section 35 is screwed into the upper section 35, which is immersed in the ground, forming a sleeve connection of the type of connection between 37 and 40, shown in Fig. 8. When the well depth reaches a value of at least 200 m, the lower above-ground section 34 is attached to the upper underground section 35, to which the remaining above-ground part of the trunk is attached. Liquid concrete is pumped into the gap between the underground part of the pipe and the wall of the well, which, when solidified, provides a closer contact.

Lift trunks carrying one cab 3 are combined into racks combining bundles of trunks of 4 pairs (Fig. 10). In addition to racks 90 with cabins, which can be an even number, at least two of the same structure of the docking station 141 (Fig. 26 shows 8 racks, the seventh and eighth racks are not visible, since they are blocked by the docking station 141), there is also a rack 91 with air ducts and a steam line (Fig. 9, 15-17) and stand 92 with power and communication cables (Fig. 16-17). The flanges 14 of the trunks are attached to each other and to a ring of large diameter 48, covering the bundle of trunks at the same level with horizontal bridges 15 (figure 10). The flanges 44 of the pipes of the air ducts and the steam line, as well as the solid sheaths of the cables, are also fastened with horizontal bridges to each other and with rings of large diameter (Fig. 9). Between the trunks 1 or 2, as well as between the pipes of the air ducts and the steam pipe, and between the pipes of the hard shells of the cables and the bridges 15, balloons with lifting gas 57 or 47, respectively, are installed inside the ring of large diameter 48, which compensate for the weight of 1) the trunks or pipes nearest to them , 2) the upper sections of the barrel or pipe of the same rack in the airless space and the rarefied air space of the atmosphere, 3) the sections of the tube-shaped protective shell of the same rack in the airless space and the rarefied air space, 4) bl nearest-large diameter ring 48 and bridges 15, 5) Moscov 15 and a large diameter ring 48 of the same strut in a vacuum and a rarefied air space, 6) on the rails 49 and the ballonets level in a vacuum and a rarefied air space. In the manufacture of balloons 47 and 57 are cast in the molds of a variable profile (see application No. 2003102738/02 (003024) patent for the invention No. 2246374). Balloons 47, 57 are attached to the bridges 15 and the large diameter ring 48 by welding to the rods 55. On the bridges 15, the large diameter ring 48 and on one of the beams 4 there are rails with handrails 56 so that maintenance personnel can move on them without being afraid to fall at high altitude.

Figure 10 does not show the device of the rack on the outside of the ring of large diameter 48, since it is similar to that of the rack with pipes (Fig. 9) and is formed by a composite tube-shaped balloon 51, movable relative to the rings 48, at the atmospheric level, compensating for the weight of the pipe-like shell 52 and air terminal around the rack. The air terminal is connected to a grounded wire 19, which passes between the walls of the ballonettes 50, along one of the bridges 15, and descends along one of the pillars (Fig. 2), threaded through the couplings 20 and flanges 14 of its sections, into the ground. The balloon 51 is absent in the rarefied and airless space, and the tube-like protective sheath 52 is fixedly fixed immediately to a large-diameter ring, for example, on rivets. The adjacent large-diameter rings have two parallel grooves on the elevator racks on the lateral surface, into which the rollers 54 of the tube-shaped balloon 51 are inserted. The rollers of one tube-shaped balloon 51, which are located on separate supporting fittings, are inserted into the upper groove of the underlying ring 48 and the lower groove of the overlying ring 48 in the form of two rings to which the holders of the axles of the wheels are welded (similar to those in Fig.27). Ballonet 51 consists of individual elementary ballonettes 50, which form a single whole due to the fastening of their shells with rivets with sealing of the attachment points, for example, with glue to the reinforcement in the form of rings with rollers opposite the rings of large diameter 48 and to the reinforcement in the form of rings without rollers in the space between the rings 48 . To the shells of elementary ballonettes 50 outside the rack is fastened with rivets to seal the mounting points, for example with glue, the outer tube-shaped protective shell 52. It is a regular waterproof pipe, which together with the balloon 51 rotates under the action of an external wind on the rollers 54 around rings of large diameter 48. The slots between the pipes of adjacent sections of the shell 52 are covered by ring-shaped shields attached to the edge of the overlying section.

The protective tube-like shell of 52 sections located in an airless space is attached directly to the large diameter ring 48, therefore, there is a large diameter transition ring 48 with one lower groove for the rollers. There is no upper trench for such a ring; at its level, the shell 52 is attached directly to the ring 48. To cover from above a gap equal to the width of the elementary balloon 50 along the radius of the strut, the shell 52 above the upper last tube-shaped balloon 51 at the level of the upper part of the transition ring of large diameter 48 forms a cover in the form of a ring with a bend-flap similar to the flap 144 in Fig.27. Above the cap, the tubular sheath 52 does not rotate.

Balloons 51 are made rotating on rollers in the atmosphere to reduce the load per unit surface area of the containment shell 52. If there is stable wind in one direction or gusts of wind in one direction, they will continuously act on the same sites of the tube-like shell 52 on one side, if she will be motionless. When the shell 52 rotates around its axis, the load is distributed over the entire area of the shell 52, that is, alternately on the platforms of the shell 52 located at the same level, forming an annular belt with an area

Here R is the radius of the outer surface of the protective shell 52, h is the height of the wind flow. The momentum imparted to the shell 52 by the wind during one revolution of the shell around the axis during time t ₂ is

Here F ₂ is the force of the wind on the area S _{2 of the} rotating shell, p is the pressure on the shell of the air molecules contained in one gust of wind or a stream of stable wind for a time t ₂ . At the same time, t ₂ at the fixed shell 52 without rollers, the wind would constantly act on one side on an area equal to

Here the designations are the same as in formulas 1, 2. On a horizontal section of the site S _1, it looks like half a circle facing the wind, and the momentum given to the stationary shell 52 during time t ₂ is

Here F ₁ - the force of the wind on the area S _{1 of the} fixed shell facing the wind. In this way,

That is, with uniform rotation of the balloons 51, the rotating shell reduces the load by half compared with the stationary shell. Even if the shell does not rotate completely, but only sways, making an incomplete revolution, first in one, and then in the opposite direction, all the same the area S ₂ will be larger than S ₁ as many times as the length of the circumference on the cross section of the rotating shell 52

longer than the semicircle of the fixed shell 52

Here n is the part of the circle in contact with the wind on average for one oscillation.

At the atmosphere level, the racks are not connected to each other, since they are separated by a considerable distance, by tens of kilometers. In the upper part above the point of no return, the racks are connected to each other by the station case (Fig. 14) and bridges 15, extending beyond the rings of large diameter 48, connecting adjacent rings of large diameter racks in a single structure (Fig. 16, 17). Lift racks are inclined to the top. That is, only two central racks attached to the docking station 141 below, stand strictly vertically on the continuation of the radius of the planet, if you draw its line from the center of the planet to the top of the lift. At the central pillar, the angle between the beam 4 and the axes of the trunks 1 or 2 of the elevator is 90 °, as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 8. At the side pillars, it is equal to 90 ° -α, 90 ° + α, where α is the angle of inclination trunks to the surface of the Earth 39 at the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of trunks 1 or 2 (Fig.17). Due to the tilt of the racks, the elevator base area is larger than the cross-sectional area of the station, like a pyramid, which gives stability to the structure during the rotation of the Earth and when it is exposed to winds. Racks, in contrast to the strictly pyramidal structure, intersect at the very top of the structure with the formation of angle β (Fig.17). At the level of the intersection point, they are connected by bridges 15, which form the fulcrum of the levers. The bridges 15 connecting the uprights above the intersection point, on the short arm of the levers, allow you to keep in a connected state the entire height of the uprights. Side pillars have a height greater than 100 km, only central pillars that serve as legs of the vertical triangles formed by them, the planet’s surface and each of the side pillars are 100 km high. By the Pythagorean Theorem

Here A is the height of the side pillar, B is the height of the central pillar (100 km), C is the distance on the surface of the Earth between the central and side pillars. For example, at C = 20 km, A≈102 km, at C = 10 km, A≈100.5 km.

Racks 90 with cabs 3 are fastened by welding at the upper point to the transitional compartments 73 of the docking station using beams 77 (Fig. 14). Racks with pipes of air and steam pipes 91 and with cables 92 are attached to the docking compartments 74 and 83, respectively, by welding the upper flanges pipe sections 44 with a compartment housing 74 or 83.

The docking station is the base unit 81, to which the transitional compartments 73 are docked through the docking compartments 82, 83, 74. Unlike the Mir and Alpha stations, the base unit 81 has not two androgynous docking units, plus four at the transitional compartment, total 5, and 8, according to the number of racks multiplied by 5 units in each transition compartment, total 40. There may be another even number of units, depending on the number of racks carrying trunks 1 and trunks 2. The presence of docking units is associated with the fact that the base unit is not in outer space, but is already provided with a multilayer shell 76, and the transition compartments 73 are carried out into the space behind the second layer of the shell 76, and the base unit 81 is located in the space inside the first layer of the shell 76. The atmospheric pressure of the air filling it is maintained inside the first layer, the pressure decreases between the next layers. In the application No. 200129261/28 (031017) dated 11/22/2000, 1/64 B64B, described among prototypes and analogues, the following relationship between the gas pressure and the diameter of the enveloping layer of the sheath 76 is proposed, respectively: 1 atm - 1.33 m, 0, 1 atm - up to 13.3 m, 0.01 atm - up to 133 m. According to the calculations of the prototype with a diameter of the inner layer of 10 m, the gas pressure can be 0.2 atm, which corresponds to the partial pressure of oxygen on the Earth. Due to the presence of air ducts and an increase in interlayers within each layer of the envelope, pressure 1 atmosphere can be maintained inside a much larger volume, chosen so that the base unit of station 81 is removed, which should contain a separate hatch for the astronaut to exit and work without a spacesuit in this space. Docking compartments 74, 82, 83 are located under the second layer of the shell to the boundary of the first and second layers, one of them must also have a hatch for the astronaut to enter this space in the spacesuit. In the space under the third layer of the shell to the border of the second and third layers, where the pressure is low, entire stations of the type of Mir station with a length of 33 m, a width of 27 m or Alpha with a length of 108 m and a width can be docked and removed 74 m, then in the second case the diameter of the third layer of the shell should be twice as large: not 133, but 266 m. The astronaut enters the space between the second and third layers in a spacesuit through the hatch of the transition compartment. The layers of the shell are combined into a single whole by the connecting elements 80 in the form of tie ropes, racks or rigid struts. Each layer can be made of outer films and a supporting fabric of several layers located between them. Films can be made of polyvinylidene fluoride and polytetrafluoroethylene, and the fabric can be made of fiberglass. In the prototype, the apparatus is located under a non-opening shell, Figs. 15-18 show a breakable shell 76 in the form of two horseshoe-shaped membranes 86, dividing the upper hemispheres between the first and second layers 76 and separately between the second and third layers of the shell into a quarter of a sphere.

To open each membrane, air is pumped out of the space under the first and second shells and later under the third shell, for which purpose a branch of the sewer pipe has its own damper and pump. After that, the scissor-shaped switches 95 are opened by forcing air into the cylinders 99, for which the shutter of the branch pipe of the sewer pipe that discharges air through the holes 100 is closed, and the shutter of the branch of the pipe of ventilation 45 is opened, which allows air to enter the hole 100. The membranes are closed in the reverse order: air from the cylinders 99, then air is pumped under the layers of the shell to a predetermined pressure, which presses the closable halves of the membranes 86 against each other, which opens the branch flap Ia ventilation pipe, intake air under the envelope 76. Figure 18 shows a scissor-breaker bottom membrane 86, which is closer to the center. The scissor-shaped breaker of the second membrane looks exactly the same, but half of the shell 86 does not reach the top of the angle of the openable grippers 95 near the screw 94 and are located at a distance from it equal to the height of the underlying membrane 86.

The space under the first layer of the shell 76 can serve for repair work of disconnected blocks of stations of the type "Mir" or "Alpha". The repaired unit does not dock to the base unit 81, but is attached to it by ropes 104 for bollards for zero gravity 78 (Fig. 19). The weightless bollard 78 is a bollard 101 itself, on which a rope 104 is wound and a cap 102 is put on top, having a vertical slot 103 for the incoming cable 104 and its outgoing end and fastened to the base unit body 81 with a clamping nut 105. Thanks to the bollards 78, the repair and the base units are not required, which simplifies the task of their rapprochement. The space between the first and second layers of the sheath 76 is inaccessible to spacecraft, the first sheath is sewn to the lower membrane 86 at level 89 (Fig. 16), the stitching point is sealed. The space between the second and third layers of the shell is accessible to entire space stations and is designed to dock them with the base unit 81 in order to load, change crew, repair large volumes of the outside by an astronaut in a spacesuit, etc. If there are a lot of space stations, then it is possible to save a lot on launching cargo and manned spacecraft, since cabin 3 can rise and fall twice a day, and there are 8 cabins in total. Due to the presence of many transition compartments 73, more than one station can be placed under the third layer of the shell, or one station can be divided into separate blocks, each of which is docked to the docking station, which will speed up loading. At the docking station, it is possible not only to repair old stations, but also to install new stations and other spacecraft.

On the outer layer of the shell 76, solar cells can be placed. If the outer layers of the shell are made transparent to electromagnetic radiation, then the elements of solar cells can be placed on the inner layers of the shell. The power supply of the station is also carried out through the electric cables of a separate rack, but not constantly, but by charging in the absence of thunderstorms in the atmosphere of the station’s batteries, that is, it turns on periodically for a short time.

At operating orbital manned stations, the volume of water delivered to the crew is very limited. The presence in the rack 91 of a jet with water vapor 41 and a pipe with cold air 43 allows the crew to receive water in unlimited quantities. A boiler room is being built on the Earth's surface to receive water vapor, and freezers are being built to produce cold air. The first can also be used for heating nearby houses, the second - as a vegetable warehouse or meat storage. The pipes 41 and 43 are provided with thermal insulation 42, so the flanges of their sections 44 for mounting the bridges 15 have a radius greater than the flanges 14 of the struts of the air lift. Water is obtained at the station in mixers (Fig. 20) at the docking station. To regulate the pressure at a constant temperature of water leaving in the form of droplets in a stream of air, room temperature air is also supplied to the mixer, which is achieved by turning the handle of the cover of the shutter 109 in the pipe 108. The temperature of the air-water mixture is controlled by the covers of the shutter 109 in the pipes 106, 107. Regulation humidity (the number of water droplets) in the air-water mixture is carried out by the cover of the shutter 109 in the pipe 106. Water vapor coming from the pipe 106 and mixed with cold air condenses into larger drops on the grill 111 due to the expansion of the in-tube space with cooling the air after narrowing 110. After use, the air-water mixture is drawn into the sewer pipe 46. Thus, in the rack 91 with pipes there are 4 pipes 41, 43, 45, 46 (Fig. 9). If they are made of metal, then they must be coated with dielectric insulation from atmospheric electricity, like insulation 18 of barrel 1 or 2. Pipes can also be made of metal-plastic. The wiring cables in the rack 92 are located in dielectric pipes and are attached to large diameter rings in the same way as the pipes in Fig. 9. There are input and output electric cables, input and output communication cables. The dielectric flanges of adjacent pipes can be glued or welded to each other, for example, by radiation.

In racks 91, 92, cabin 3 is absent, therefore, in case of breakdowns, as well as for periodic refueling of 47 and 50 balloons with lifting gas, which will leak through the shells of the balloons and flow out in small quantities into the atmosphere, a self-propelled installation is used (Figs. 11-13) . For refueling, balloons 50, 47 and 57 have outlet openings with valves that fit into the hoses of 71 refueling cylinders 67. A self-propelled installation is also used in racks 90 in the event of breakage and locking of cabs 3. The self-propelled installation is a seat 63 with seat belts 70, in which a worker is seated, depending on the lifting height, in ordinary clothes, winter clothes and an oxygen mask or in a spacesuit, and rises vertically upward without a cabin along rails 49 mounted on pipes or trunks. On the back of the chair 63, the axles of the gears 61 are fixed, which during rotation clutch the teeth to the holes 59 of the vertical rail 49, mounted on the sewer pipe 46, the communication cable pipe or on one of the elevator trunks 1 or 2 by welding to the flanges 44 or 14, screwing to dielectric flanges of communication cables and fastening to dielectric pipes of cables on clamping rings. The sewer pipe has shorter flanges 44 than the heat-insulated pipe. The flanges of the first will not bend during prolonged use due to its smaller radius. The wheels 61 are driven in rotation by a chain 60, similar to a bicycle, but more massive. The chain is rotated by gears 62 driven by drives from two motorcycle engines 64. The speed of movement is controlled by a lever 69, as well as the direction of movement up and down, through two gearboxes of two motorcycle engines. The load delivered to the height is suspended from the bottom of the seat 63 on hooks 66. Most often, this is a cylinder 67 with compressed lifting gas for refueling balloons 50, 47, 57. Unlike heavy metal heavy cylinders, cylinder 67 is made of plastic to reduce weight. Chair 63 has a footrest 68 to facilitate climbing out of the chair onto the walkways 15 with handrails 56. Handrails 56 are also attached to the flange 44 or 14, at the level of the walkways 15, which carries the rails 49 so that the climber is safe from falling.

The mounting tools for the elevator are a space station such as the Mir or Alpha station, modern rocket and space technology, airships, stratostats (S.V. Revzin. Free ballooning. M .: DOSAAF, 1951), drilling equipment for oil and gas , spacesuits for working in outer space and welding machines for welding in vacuum.

At the first stage of installation, after planning and necessary preparatory measures in the soil of the planet, drilling and twisting of the root-like extensions of the trunks into the formed wells is carried out using the drilling equipment in the manner described above.

At the second stage of installation using rockets into the orbit of the Earth or another planet, if the elevator is not installed on the Earth, the elevator construction elements placed in space are displayed: docking station blocks (Figs. 14-15), bridges 15 for attaching racks to each other (Fig.16-17), the layers of the shell 76 and its connecting elements 80. The last two folded and disassembled are placed in cargo ships of the type "Progress".

At the third stage, in orbit, docking is made from the delivered elements of the docking station. Shells are mounted around the station. In the shells 76, facing the Earth, there are holes for the entrance of the racks of the lift. At the same time, balloons are made on the Earth's surface to support and lift the elevator trunks. Cargo on the planet’s surface is being prepared and placed along the horizontal stacking sites.

At the fourth stage, the elevator racks are mounted on the planet’s surface in a horizontal position, which are attached by hemp ropes around the entire body to loads on the surface. Any heavy objects can serve as cargo: concrete slabs, trains, Belaz, Kamaz and other trucks with cargo, etc. (Fig.21). The trawls are attached to the future upper ends of the struts (Fig. 24). The future lower end of the rack is movably attached to the load. The latter is carried out by attaching ropes to the already established root-like extensions of the trunk with the loop behind the flanges of the lowest elevated above-ground rack of the trunk, for example, a lingering unit (hereinafter, the names of standard marine units are indicated in the Naval Dictionary for the Young, Moscow: DOSAAF, 1988 , p. 544-556) and by tying around the cargo structure with securing the ends with boat nodes. The cargo may be trolleys, wagons, aground ships or other heavy equipment and concrete structures. The fastening of cables for hooks driven into heavy structures and overhangs of heavy structures is not recommended, since hooks can be torn out and ledges twisted. The cables holding the lower end of the rack must be metal. For reference, the capacity of a diesel trolley carriage reaches 135 tons, and this does not take into account its own weight (new Polytechnical Dictionary, Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2000, p. 557). The mass of several of these trolleys is enough to hold the lower end of the rack.

To the upper ring of large diameter 48 of the strut 90 is attached dock trawl 126 with non-metallic cables 130, connected by protracted marine nodes at the ends with sluices. The docking trawl is an all-metal hoop of large diameter 129 with radially arranged pipes, between which cables of a fine metal mesh are stretched. Radial tubes in the center of intersection contain a stand perpendicular to the plane of the hoop, fastened with the lower end to the intersection of the radial tubes, and the upper end of the curved radial tubes 131, the second end of which is also connected to the hoop 129. A network with large cells is stretched over the curved radial tubes. In general, the structure 126 attached on top of the strut 90 resembles a mushroom cap. The pipes and the hoop contain stops - outward-facing mushroom caps short tubes 132 with trap-shaped grippers 133 at their upper ends.

The location of the racks before lifting, in addition to the above advantages for location along railways, quarries, and the banks of water bodies, is determined mainly by winds blowing at this time of year in the upper atmosphere in a given area. If there are none, then pairs of racks are located on the surface of the planet like the petals of an open flower and any two pairs that are most convenient from the point of view of the direction of the winds are mounted first, followed by the connection of the remaining pairs in favorable weather. If a predictable wind direction exists due to the presence of large ocean currents near the shore or mountain folds, then the racks are laid parallel to each other in the direction towards the wind, with the upper ends.

At the fifth stage of lifting, balloon racks are filled with lifting gas, stratostat bundles are attached to the racks on ropes. If the wind map allows, begin to rise the rack (Fig.22-23), untie the cargo everywhere except the lower end of the rack. Strong wind in the upper layers of the stratosphere is not necessarily a factor hindering construction:

1) tailwind 120 is able to significantly accelerate the delivery of the upper end of the strut 90 by airships to a given docking point, since the strut is similar to the mast of a sailing ship, and stratostats are similar to sails, which allows you to adjust the lift,

2) dominant over weaker winds and more chaotic winds of the lower layers of the atmosphere can give the resulting force 119 of the action of all winds on the lift rack a certain predicted direction.

For continuous diagnosis of the current wind situation, it is necessary:

1) launch the first group of meteorological probes from places both near and along the raised racks 90, and in a radius around them, determined by the current meteorological situation as the product of the average flight speed of the probe by the estimated installation time, and begin to raise the racks immediately after reaching the first group of meteorological probes the upper atmosphere, then it will be possible to verify the presence of the required wind currents in the upper layers of the stratosphere and the absence of strong mutually opposite currents at the same height of 122 over a month recovery volume

2) 3-5 minutes before the start of the lift, depending on the variability of the wind situation, and 30 seconds before the start of the lift above the racks, launch the meteorological probes of the second and third groups.

The deviation of the probes is monitored from satellite 118 located in a geostationary orbit above the installation site. The behavior of free meteorological probes judges the future behavior of stratostats in clusters 115.

The rack fixed by hemp ropes to the load on the ground is disconnected from the cargo by manually chopping the ropes by command, for example, from a radiotelephone. First, the ropes are cut near the future upper end, then gradually, as it rises, closer to the lower end of the rack. Clusters of stratostat 115 are not attached directly to the trunks 90, but to a non-metallic rope tied by sea knots such as a fishing bayonet to each rack trunk at equal distances, which makes it possible to more evenly distribute the load on the trunks and dampen the stratospheric jerks. Then one bunch of 115 will be considered a group of stratostats, tied by sea knots such as a fishing bayonet to a section of a longitudinal non-metallic cable between two adjacent fixtures of the latter to the trunk 90 of the rack. Due to the different lengths of the stratospheric cables attached to the longitudinal non-metallic cable, the cluster at the beginning of the lift contains dozens of stratospheres. As the stratosphere reaches the upper boundary of the stratosphere, where it will be deflated, it is not detached automatically, but under control from satellite 118 and by command (radio signal) from the earth’s surface from 127. The stratostat can be disconnected earlier to reduce the windage of rack 90. Devices for The detachment of stratostats from a raised trunk is known from the level of household appliances and weapons:

1) a means for remotely turning on the TV channels in the form of a control panel is available in every modern TV, the power of the signal sent from the panel can be increased with an amplifier and a parabolic antenna,

2) a trigger that allows you to pull the trigger with a striker to act on the cartridge, is present in each gun,

3) the electromagnetic nozzle is used in the fuel metering systems of modern cars.

Based on the above funds, the detachment of the stratostat by command from the Earth will look like this: after a radio signal sent from Earth from 127, a relay is triggered, pulling the trigger trigger, whose pointed firing pin, striking the winding that fastens the short end of the fishing bayonet to the long end with a stratostat will cut it, freeing the last. In this case, the wind load on the string 90 will decrease, as it happens on the mast without a sail. The regulation of windage can also be carried out by supplying a radio signal from the Earth, opening the nozzles that release the lifting gas from the stratostat, as a result of which its volume, and therefore the windage, will be temporarily reduced. In the upper layers of the stratosphere with height, the volume of the stratostat significantly increases due to a drop in atmospheric pressure in the upper layers of the atmosphere, therefore, after bleeding the gas, its volume will recover after further rise, and then the shell will continue to swell, increasing the windage.

The minimum requirements for a radio signal: 1) its frequency range is selected taking into account the possibility of passing through the ionosphere, 2) it must be different in shape from single pulses of natural origin generated by the ionosphere, for which nozzles must be included in the circuit with radio frequency filters.

To give a stable position, trunks are assembled from at least two pairs of racks that rise to a vertical position at the same time. Paired racks are interconnected by hemp ropes so as not to be removed too far from the docking point.

When the stratostats reach zones with a strong overwhelming wind, giving towards the direction of rise, or two headwinds, sharply changing the direction of the winds, the clusters of stratostats are automatically detached from the trunk by a radio signal from the Earth. A weak overwhelming wind is compensated by blowing off stratospheres with a decrease in their windage. An overwhelming wind may reappear in the middle of the rise, so the rise is observed from satellite 118 throughout its time. To adjust the inclination of the barrel, airships with manipulators are used. At the upper point of the lift, the trawl racks are in contact with each other, falling into the trap-shaped grips 133 of each other mounted on the stops 132, which gives the racks a stable position relative to each other. Next, the lower ends of the racks are welded to the root-like extensions.

The low height of the stratosphere is not an obstacle to the construction of a structure that is less than two times higher than it (the height of the stratosphere depends on the latitude of the terrain over which it is located, therefore it cannot be expressed with a single figure). Even, on the contrary, the lack of air at the junction of the tops of the racks will help to stabilize the conditions of joining, since there is no air wind there, the place of collision of solar wind flows with the atmosphere is also lower. The elevator under construction is appropriate to compare with a float that can protrude high from the water, although the water level is below its top. Although the buoyant force from the stratospheric side is applied to the strut 90 in the lower part of its structure, this force is greater than the strength of the strut weight, in addition, the lower end of the strut is fixedly attached to the surface by means of a load. At the end of the rise, the large length of the structure leads to an inconvenient lever for applying the buoyancy force of the stratostats to the lower half of the rack, mainly near the surface of the planet, which will be summed up with the wind force, raising the rack too slowly to a vertical position. This is similar to opening the door by applying force near the jamb, where the hinges are, and not by the handle. This problem is solved by an extensive increase in the number of stratostats, their fastening to the trunk in clusters, and not one by one. Then the area affected by the tailwind will increase, and with it the resulting force will increase, turning the rack to a vertical position 119. The buoyancy force will be balanced at the end of the lift by the tension force of the mentioned cables attached to the load on the ground near the lower end of the rack, which will allow you to keep the rack 90 in an upright position, turning it until it stops using airships and a space station with manipulators.

At the sixth stage, using a harpoon 135, they shoot at the trawls from the docking station, the harpoon gets entangled in their networks. To do this, harpoon throwers are mounted on the case of one of the lower compartments of the station. When the stand 90 is in an upright position (FIG. 23), a shot is fired from the harpoon thrower into the net of the trawl 126. Penetrating through the large cells of the network 134, the harpoon 135 hits the downstream small cells of the network stretched over the hoop 129, its paws open, not allowing it to be pulled back - the network 134 interferes. The number of harpoons should exceed the number of connected racks in case of a miss. The cables of the trawl 136 must be metal, withstanding heavy loads during operation of the engines of the docking station.

Pull the docking station on cables 136 to the trawls. Next, the astronauts go into outer space in spacesuits and perform welding work of bridges with racks and attach shells 76 to shells 52, disconnect the trawls from the rings of large diameter, attach them to the transition compartments of the docking station. Further, the station turns on the engines and gains height by pulling harpoon cables. Harpoons carry along and bring the trawls together, if they have not yet come close, until the planes of the trawls 126 intersect and overlap with the snap-locks 133. The astronauts with welding machines then go down the cables 136 using the station manipulator served to the place of welding of the pipe bridges 15 connecting the upper ends of the racks in outer space (Fig.16-17). Pipes should be coated with a metal insulating substance, and the weld points should also be coated with an insulating substance. Then the cables 130 are chopped off, the harpoons are disconnected from the trawls, the astronauts return to the station, its manipulator takes the trawls 126 from the racks 90 and dumps them to the Earth. Another spacewalk will be needed to connect the racks 90 with beams 77 to the case of the transition compartments.

In addition to the described installation from the surface of the planet, installation from space is possible, but it will require several space stations (paired on one rack) that have manipulators with the help of which trunks mounted in space will descend to the surface of the planet. To compensate for the fall of trunks on the surface of the planet, the work of the engines of the stations will be required, that is, the fuel costs will be significant. Installation from space is most convenient for the construction of elevators on other planets, not on Earth, where installation from the surface is more appropriate.

At the seventh stage, all operations except the sixth stage are repeated for the construction of windbreaks (see below for the installation of a windbreaker).

The space around the lift is surrounded by protective structures - windbreakers. Windbreakers break the incident wind stream onto them into separate jets and divert them to the side from the direction of movement to the lift (Fig. 26).

A separate windbreak is formed by vertical struts containing rotating tube-like shells (Fig. 25), which are located next to each other with a minimum clearance, forming two planes located at an angle of 139 to each other. The first plane is set in such a way as to form a star ray together with similar planes of other windbreaks, if you look at the windbreaks from a distance and from above, in the center of which there is a lift. The second plane is set at an angle of 139 to the first and is directed away from the direction of the lift, at an obtuse angle to the line describing the star’s beam. In the case of directing the wind flow towards the elevator, it goes around the protective structures along the rays of the star and is cut by turning individual flows at an angle of 139 into separate streams flowing almost parallel to each other from the direction to the elevator. At the base of the star’s rays, two windbreakers of the described construction are turned with their back towards each other with the formation of a streamlined structure directed by the sharp end from the lift (Fig. 26). The sharp end also divides the wind flow running in front of it and moving in the direction of the windbreak in half and deflects both halves by an angle of 139. In Fig. 26, the star has 9 rays and 9 ticks at their base.

Since the wind can blow not only in the direction of the elevator, the wind turbine contains parallel planes formed by the above-mentioned vertical struts, blocking the planes described on the reverse side with respect to the wind blowing in the direction of the elevator. 4 planes are interconnected in the inner space by bridges 15. So that the wind does not fall into the space between parallel planes, it is fenced off by the aforementioned vertical posts and is closed from the sides.

Each vertical strut is formed by a pipe 137, to the flanges of which two rails 49 are attached (not shown in FIG. 25) for the movement of the self-propelled unit. With bridges 15, the pipe is attached to rings of large diameter 142, around which, as previously described, a tube-shaped protective shell 52 is drawn that does not contain balloons 51. The absence of the latter is explained by the fact that the inner balloons 47 in the described construction bear the weight of only one pipe 137 and the ring large diameter 142, since there are no windbreakers in the airless space, since there is no wind there. The bridges 15 between the planes of the windbreaker are a continuation of the bridges inside the vertical struts and at the intersection with each other, the bridges are welded to each other with the formation of a strong horizontal lattice fastening the structure in the horizontal plane (Fig.25). Differences from the design of the struts of the lift with pipes, cables or trunks 90-92 are visible on the vertical cut of the vertical struts of the AI (Fig.27). The need for horizontal fastening by a grating from the bridges 15 requires the bridges to exit from the gap between two adjacent sections of the pipe-like protective shell 52. At the same time, this gap on the outside of the windbreaker must be covered from the wind by an annular shield that will touch the bridge 15 of the above-mentioned grating during rotation a tubular protective shell 52, if the annular shield will be attached to the overlying section of the tubular protective shell. The height of the ring 142 is greater than that of the ring 48, to the height of the bridges 15. To the bridges 15, the balloon 47 is also mounted on the rods 55 (Fig.27). Unlike the rollers 54 of the balloon 51, the rollers in the vertical struts of the windbreaker are attached directly to the tube-like protective sheath 52 without external balloons 50 through the supporting reinforcement 148 in the form of a ring around the groove 143 (Fig. 28). The holders 147 of the axles 150 of the wheels 146 of the rollers 54 are welded to the reinforcement 148, and it is mounted on the ring-shaped mounts 149 to the shell 52 with rivets 13 to seal the mounting location.

The installation of a windbreaker is similar to the installation of a lift rack, but trawls are not required, since the vertical racks can be fastened in a horizontal plane on the ground before lifting the bridges 15. Therefore, with the help of clusters of stratostats 115, not a single rack will be raised, but immediately the whole windrow.

The elevator can be adapted to work in near-Earth space and serve skyscrapers, mountain resorts, mines and other near-Earth structures. Then the station is absent, there are no windbreakers around, the elevator height is insignificant and corresponds to the height of the structure it serves, there are no racks with pipes and cables, racks with cabs are parallel to each other and do not intersect at the top, the cabin is not sealed.

The elevator can be built on another planet, not on Earth. Then it is necessary to attach reservoirs for air or other gas to which air intakes will open 10. If the described design on Earth uses self-lubricating strip material only in the upper sections located in airless space, then on the other planet such stripes will have to be installed along the entire length trunk if the planet has no atmosphere or is weak. On a planet with low gravity and without atmosphere, lift gas cylinders are not required.

In figures 29, 30 are shown:

Fig.29 - lightning rod, a view in vertical section, Fig.30 is a diagram of a windbreaker.

The numbers in the figures indicate:

in Fig.29: 151 - an annular shield, 152 - a dielectric fastener, 153 - a metal ring, 154 - a spike pin inserted into the hole in the metal ring 153, 155 - a recess in the ring 48 for screwing the mount 152,

in Fig.30: 156 - the direction of the wind - initially incident on the windfall flows, 157 - the flow reflected from the windbreaker, 158 - the flow rejected by the windbreaker, 159 - the resulting flow rates of the initial and reflected flows after combining, 160 - the resulting flow velocities of the initial and rejected flows after combining.

Claims (2)

1. A pneumatic hoist comprising sealed main shafts communicating via an adjustable mechanism and additional shafts communicating with them, each of which is a sealed metal pipe assembled from separate sections, an air blower for supplying compressed air to the shafts, the sealed pipe in its above-ground part has a longitudinal section with the edges spaced apart by the width of the beam supporting the cabin, and flanges in the form of rings open opposite the section, and in its underground part does not have a section, while each barrel contains sealing elements, which are a zipper - two strips forming a detachable connection, containing concavities and protrusions parallel to the edges of the longitudinal section of the trunk with the possibility of connecting concavities and protrusions of one strip with the corresponding concavities and protrusions of the second strip with barrel sealing and with the possibility of their disconnections or connections by carriage, free, snap-open, the edges of the strips are placed deep inside the pipe, reaching its center, and still the edges of the strips are a continuation of the insulating dielectric material covering the metal pipe from the outside, from above and below the beam supporting the cab, a pair of carriages is attached with the possibility of opening the strips in front of the moving beam and closing the strips behind it, and inside each barrel along the pipe wall and along the edges of the strips on the back side parallel straight grooves are located from the concavities and protrusions of the lightning, characterized in that each section of the underground part is connected to the higher and underlying sections by a sleeve connected In addition to the upper underground section with the lowest elevated above-ground section, each barrel contains a pair of pistons, the lower of which is attached to the carriage attached from below the carrier cab of the beam, and the top is attached to the carriage attached from above to the carrier of the cab beam, and the pistons are made of self-lubricating materials, have ribs on the side surfaces that are inserted into the above-mentioned grooves, carry rollers inserted into the same grooves above and below the ribs, and have a notch deep to the center of symmetry, into which strips of lightning are inserted, a notch of the piston Nya has its own ribs and rollers that are inserted into the gutters of the strips, while the barrel contains a pair of electric pumps of air blowers, the lower of which is located in a horizontal pipe with a damper connecting the main and additional trunks at the planet's surface with the possibility of air movement between the lower pistons of the main and additional trunks , the top is located at the highest point of the lift with the ability to move air between the upper pistons of the main and additional shafts, to horizontal pipes open pipes with shutters and pumps adjacent to the main and additional shafts connecting the main and additional shafts at the planet’s surface and in the upper part of the elevator with the ability to control the pressure in the shafts by pumping and pumping air in the spaces of the main and additional shafts under the lower pistons and above the upper pistons, in racks combining an even number of trunks and formed by rings of large diameter containing parallel grooves on the outer side surfaces, with bridges connecting the barrel flanges with each other and rings of large diameter, a composite tube-shaped balloon, consisting of elementary balloons external to the rings of large diameter, which are connected to the rings of large diameter, which are connected together by parallel fittings in the form of rings, the top and bottom fittings in the form of rings carry rollers inserted into the grooves of large-diameter rings with the possibility of rotation on the rollers of the vertical section of the composite tube-shaped balloon under the action of wind around two adjacent rings of large dia a tube-shaped protective shell attached to the outside of the composite tube-shaped balloon, at the lower edge, the section of the tube-shaped shell carries an annular shield covering the gap between adjacent sections of the tube-shaped shell, internal to the large-diameter rings balloons, attached by rods to bridges and large-diameter rings, lightning rods in the form of rings that are attached on the outside of the tube-like protective sheath, are pointed pin spikes, and which are attached to a common a grounded insulated wire running along one of the trunks has a sealed cabin on intersecting beams attached to pairs of barrel carriages, in addition, there is a stand containing a pipe with water vapor, a pipe with cold air duct, ventilation pipe, sewer pipe, pipes with water vapor and cold air are covered with heat insulation and are capable of mixing cold air and steam at the top of the lift to get water, in addition, there is a stand containing a pipe with an input cable m of electrical wiring, a pipe with an output cable for communication, a pipe with an input cable for communication, a pipe with an output cable for communication, all racks are assembled in a pyramid-like design, they intersect near the top of the pyramid, and above the intersection are connected by bridges parallel to the planet’s surface, at the top of the rack with cabins attached to the docking compartments of the docking station, consisting of a base unit, docking compartments and transitional bay, at the top of the rack with pipes and cables attached to the docking bay of the station, the station it is surrounded by a spherical multilayer shell, the layers of which are connected together by connecting elements in the form of tie ropes, racks or rigid struts, which is filled with air or a basin to varying degrees fill the space between the layers: under the first first layer, the pressure of air or gas is equal to atmospheric, then decreases from layer to layer, and which is pierced in one half by two horseshoe-shaped membranes consisting of two halves each with the possibility of pumping air out from under the shells and when opening the knife itseobraznymi thrusters disclosure upper hemispherical shell and constructed or repaired access space stations, their blocks and other spacecraft into space under the first inner cladding layer at disclosing the inner and outer membranes and into the space under the outer cladding layer in the disclosure of the outer membrane; scissor thrusters are formed by scissor-shaped membrane breakers into two halves, driven by axial piston rods, under which air flows from a common inlet in a pair of coaxial cylinders, while the parts of the struts located in the airless space do not contain a composite tube-shaped balloon and rollers, so that the tube-shaped protective shell is attached directly to the rings of large diameter, which also houses the radio and telecommunication antennas, the space around the lift about infuriated with protective structures - windbreakers, each windbreak is formed by vertical struts containing one reinforcement pipe and rotating pipe-like shells; vertical racks are located in close proximity to each other with a minimum gap, forming four vertical planes, two of which are located at an obtuse angle to each other, and the other two are parallel to the first, the space between the planes is closed, since it is also enclosed by vertical racks on the sides, when viewed from above from space, the protective structures form a multi-beam star formed by the first of the described planes, and the second of the planes located at an obtuse angle to the first, form spikes on the rays of the star, a lift is placed in the center of the star, the vertical posts of the windbreaker contain one pipe each, the flanges of which are connected to the rings of large diameter by bridges, around the large diameter ring there is a tube-like protective shell rotating around it, which has reinforcement at the upper and lower edges of each section in the form of a ring to which the rollers are mounted, inserted into the grooves on the outer side surface of the large diameter ring, on the inside of the vertical struts of the plane of the windbreaker between the grooves pyatsya walkways, connecting opposing uprights parallel planes, each said pair of footbridges struts connected within windbreak perpendicular walkways them to form grating horizontal connecting all the racks in a single unit; a large-diameter ring is surrounded at each vertical strut by a fixed annular flap open at the exit of the bridges connecting the vertical struts of parallel planes, covering the gap between adjacent rotating sections of the protective tube-like shell, balloons with lifting gas are placed inside the vertical struts, fastened from the inside to large-diameter rings and to the walkways with the help of rods. 2. The lift according to claim 1, characterized in that on the pipes of the vertical struts of the windbreakers, on the sewer pipe, on the pipe with an output communication cable, on one of the trunks of the lift of each rack, vertical rails are mounted having periodically repeating holes for the movement of the self-propelled installation, handrails, rails of large diameter and containing vertical rails, barrel flanges have a railing with handrails at the same level, and the self-propelled installation is a chair with passenger seat belts, with a footrest, with hook kami in the bottom bottom for hanging the load, with a gear attached to the back of the chair for movement along the rail, with the lever of two gearboxes of two motorcycle engines, while the gear consists of gear wheels with the possibility of rotation of the gear teeth for holes in the rail, gear wheels with the possibility of rotation from the drives of motorcycle engines, a bicycle-type chain transmitting rotation from the second to the first group of gears.

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