RU2280304C1 - Charger - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage battery charging.

SUBSTANCE: proposed charger that has terminals, disconnecting device whose input is connected to terminals, comparison device, mode-of-operation controller whose first input is connected to output of disconnecting device, charge current regulator, discharge current regulator, first timer whose first input functioning as clock input is connected to generator first input and output, to second input of mode-of-operation controller is provided with following newly introduced components: second timer whose first input functions as count enabling input connected to output of disconnecting device and its second input functions as clock input connected to generator second output, third input of second one, as first zero-setting input connected to third output of generator, frequency F1 at generator third output, frequency f1 at generator second output, and scaling ratio N1 of second timer being chosen from condition F1 < f1/N1, its fourth input functioning as second zero-setting input and being connected to first output of mode-of-operation controller, its output being connected to third input of mode-of-operation controller; third timer whose first input functions as count enabling input which is connected to comparison device output, its second input functions as clock input connected to generator fourth output, third input functions as zero-setting input and is connected to generator fifth output, frequency F2 at generator fifth output, frequency f2 at generator fourth output, and scaling factor N2 of this third timer being chosen from condition F2 < f2/N2 < F1, its fourth input functioning as second zero-setting input and being connected to first output of mode-of-operation controller, its output, to fourth input of mode-of-operation controller, second output of the latter being connected to charge current regulator input, third output, to charge current regulator input, fourth output, to second input of first timer that functions as zero-setting input of first timer; charge current regulator output discharge-current regulator output, and comparison device input are connected to terminals; mode-of-operation controller has first flip-flop whose zero-setting input functions as fourth input of mode-of-operation controller, second flip-flop whose zero-setting input functions as second input of mode-of-operation controller, 2OR gate whose second input functions as third input of mode-of-operation controller, and output is connected to 1-setting input of first flip-flop and to that of second flip-flop and functions as first output of mode-of-operation controller; first 3AND gate whose second input is connected to direct output of first flip-flop and functions as fourth output of mode-of-operation controller, second 3AND gate whose second input is connected to inverted output of first flip-flop and first input, to that of first 3AND gate and functions as first input of mode-of-operation controller; third input is connected to that of first 3AND gate and to direct output of second flip-flop; newly introduced is also initial setting device whose output is connected to first input of 2OR gate.

EFFECT: ability of eliminating excess charge of storage batteries.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to electrical engineering and is intended to charge storage batteries (rechargeable batteries).

A charger is known (USSR Author's Certificate No. 748661, class H 02 J 7/02, 1980), which first discharges the battery with stabilized current to the minimum allowable voltage corresponding to a fully discharged battery, and then automatically switches to charge mode and during fixed time charges it with a stabilized current.

The disadvantage of this charger is its inoperability under impact, during which the contact between the battery and the charger can disappear for a short time, which leads to an automatic transition to charge mode. If this occurs during the discharge of the battery, then it is possible to recharge and failure.

Closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is a charger (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1775797, class H 02 J 7/02, 1988), containing terminals for connecting the battery, a shutdown device, a comparison device, an operating mode adjuster switching operating mode (from discharge to charge) according to signals from a comparison device, discharge current stabilizer, charge current stabilizer, generator and counter.

In the considered charger, the operation of the comparison device is blocked (it is forbidden to switch from the discharge mode to the battery charge mode) when the battery is disconnected from the terminals of the battery charger, which ensures resistance to shock.

The disadvantages of this charger are:

- the possibility of overcharging the batteries (which leads to their failure, and for sealed batteries, to explosion) in the case when the operator mistakenly disconnects it from the terminals of the charger and connects another previously uncharged battery to them;

- the inconvenience of operating the charger due to the lack of automatic switching on and automatic start of the discharge-charge cycle when connected to the terminals of the battery charger (the charger in question does not respond to disconnecting and connecting batteries to its terminals);

- when disconnecting from the terminals of the battery charger in the charging mode, the voltage providing the battery is not disconnected from the terminals of the charger, which is unsafe for the operator, and in case of shorting the terminals can lead to failure of the charger.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability and safety of the process of charging batteries by eliminating their excess charge.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the charger containing the terminals, the shutdown device, the input of which is connected to the terminals, the comparison device, the mode dial, the first input of which is connected to the output of the shutdown device, the charge current stabilizer, discharge current stabilizer, generator, the first timer , the first input of which is clock and connected to the first output of the generator, and the output - with the second input of the mode dial, an additional second timer is introduced, the first input of which is the input of the resolution This is connected to the output of the shutdown device, the second input is clocked and connected to the second output of the generator, the third input of the second timer is the first input of the installation to zero and connected to the third output of the generator, with the frequency at the third output of the generator F1, the frequency at the second output the generator f1 and the conversion factor of the second timer N1 are selected on the basis of the condition F1 <f1 / N1, the fourth input of the second timer is the second input of the setting to zero and is connected to the first output of the master mode, the output of the second timer is connected to the third input of the operating mode setter, the third timer, the first input of which is the counter enable input and connected to the output of the comparison device, the second input is clocked and connected to the fourth generator output, the third input is the first zero-setting input and connected with the fifth output of the generator, with the frequency at the fifth output of the generator F2, the frequency at the fourth output of the generator f2 and the conversion factor of the third timer N2 are selected based on the condition F2 <f2 / N2 <F1, the fourth input q of the third timer is the second input of the zeroing state and is connected to the first output of the operating mode switch, the output of the third timer is connected to the fourth input of the operating mode switch, while the second output of the operating mode switch is connected to the input of the discharge current stabilizer, and the third output to the stabilizer input charge current, the fourth output to the second input of the first timer, which is the input to the zero state of the first timer, and the output of the charge current stabilizer, the output of the discharge current stabilizer and input comparison devices are connected to the terminals, as well as the fact that the operating mode switch contains a first trigger, the zero setting input of which is the fourth input of the operating mode switch, the second trigger, the zero setting of which is the second input of the operating mode switch, logic element " 2 OR ", the second input of which is the third input of the operating mode setter, and the output is connected to the unit input to the unit state of the first trigger and the unit input to the unit state of the second trigger and is the first output of the operating mode setter, the first logical element "3 I", the second input of which is connected to the direct output of the first trigger and is the fourth output of the operating mode setter, the second logical element "3 I", the second input of which is connected to the inverse output of the first trigger, the first input is connected to the first input of the first logical element "3 And" and is the first input of the master mode, the third input is connected to the third input of the first logical element "3 And" and the direct output of the second trigger, the device is initial setting, the output of which is connected to the first input of the logic element "2 OR".

The drawing shows a functional diagram of the charger.

The charger contains terminals 1, a switch-off device 2, the input of which is connected to the terminals 1, a comparison device 3, an operating mode adjuster 4, the first input of which is connected to the output of the switch-off device 2, a charge current stabilizer 5, a discharge current stabilizer 6, a generator 7, the first a timer 8, the first input of which is clocked and connected to the first output of the generator 7, and the output to the second input of the mode dial 4, the second timer 9, the first input of which is the input of the resolution of the account and connected to the output of the shutdown device 2, the second input is a clock input and connected to the second output of the generator 7, the third input is the first input of the zero setting and connected to the third output of the generator 7, the fourth input of the second timer 9 is the second input of the zero setting and connected to the first output of the operating mode switch 4 , the output of the second timer 9 is connected to the third input of the master mode 4, the third timer 10, the first input of which is the input resolution account and connected to the output of the comparison device 3, the second input is clock and connected to the fourth output of the generator 7, the third input is the first input to the zero state and connected to the fifth output of the generator 7, the fourth input of the third timer 10 is the second input to the zero state and connected to the first output of the mode dial 4, the output of the third timer 10 connected to the fourth input of the operating mode switch 4, while the second output of the operating mode switch 4 is connected to the input of the discharge current stabilizer 6, the third output to the input of the charge current stabilizer 5, the fourth output to the second input dy first timer 8, which is the input for setting the zero state of the first timer 8, the output current of the charge stabilizer 5, the discharge current regulator output 6 and input device 3 connected to the terminals of the comparison 1. The figure also shows a rechargeable battery 11.

The functional diagram of the switch-off device 2 may include a reference voltage source 12 and a comparator 13, the non-inverting input of which is the input of the switch-off device 2, the inverting input is connected to the output of the reference voltage source 12, and the output is the output of the switch-off device 2.

The functional diagram of the comparison device 3 may include a reference voltage source 14 and a comparator 15, the inverting input of which is the input of the comparison device 3, the non-inverting input is connected to the output of the reference voltage source 14, and the output is the output of the comparison device 3.

The functional diagram of the operating mode setpoint switch 4 contains the first trigger 16, the zero setting input is the fourth input of the operating mode setter 4, the second trigger 17, the zero setting state of which is the second input of the operating mode setter 4, logic element "2 OR" 18, the second input of which is the third input of the master mode 4, and the output is connected to the input of the unit in the state of the first trigger 16 and the input of the unit in the state of the second trigger 17 and is the first output of the task and operating mode 4, the first logical element "3 AND" 19, the second input of which is connected to the direct output of the first trigger 16 and is the fourth output of the master mode 4, the second logical element "3 AND" 20, the second input of which is connected to the inverse output of the first trigger 16, the first input is connected to the first input of the first logical element "3 AND" 19 and is the first input of the master mode 4, the third input is connected to the third input of the first logical element "3 AND" 19 and the direct output of the second trigger 17, the device 21 is the original tired wki, the output of which is connected to the first input of the logic element "2 OR" 18.

The functional diagram of the first timer 8 can be made in the form of a counter 22, the clock input of which is the first input of the first timer 8, the input to the zero state is the second input of timer 8, and the output is the output of the first timer 8.

The functional diagram of the second timer 9 may include a counter 23, the clock input of which is the second input of the second timer 9, an inverter 24, the input of which is the first input of the second timer 9, and the output is connected to the enable input of the counter 23, logic element "2 OR" 25, the first the input of which is the third input of the second timer 9, the second input is the fourth input of the second timer 9, and the output is connected to the zero input of the counter 23, the one-shot 26, the input of which is connected to the output of the counter 23, and the output is the second output timer 9. The conversion factor N1 of the counter 23 of the second timer 9 is selected based on the condition F1 <f1 / N1, where F1 is the frequency at the third output of the generator 7, f1 is the frequency at the second output of the generator 7.

The functional diagram of the third timer 10 may contain a counter 27, the clock input of which is the second input of the third timer 10, the input of the resolution of the account is the first input of the third timer 10, and the output is the output of the third timer 10, the logical element is "2 OR" 28, the first input of which is the third, second input is the fourth input of the third timer 10, and the output is connected to the zero input of the counter 27. The conversion factor N2 of the counter 27 of the third timer 10 is selected based on the condition F2 <f2 / N2 <F1, where F2 is the frequency at the fifth output generator 7, f2 - frequency at the fourth output of the generator 7.

Charger works as follows.

When the charger is turned on, the device 21 for the initial installation of the operating mode switch 4 (which can be performed, for example, in the form of a series-connected resistor and capacitor, the capacitor being connected to the plus and the resistor to the minus the supply voltage of the electronic components of the charger, and the output is a point connection of the resistor and capacitor (not shown in the drawing)) gives a pulse, which, through the logic element "2 OR" 18 of the mode switch 4, is supplied to the first trigger 16 and the second trigger 17 s the operating mode sensor 4, setting them to single states, and also through the "2 OR" logic element 25 of the second timer 9 to the installation input to the zero state of the counter 23 of the second timer 9 and through the "2 OR" logic element 28 of the third timer 10 to the installation input in the zero state of the counter 27 of the third timer 10, i.e. The charger is reset.

Before connecting the battery 11 to the charger, the voltage at the non-inverting input of the comparator 13 of the switch 2 and the inverting input of the comparator 15 of the comparison device 3 is zero, and since the voltage at the output of the reference voltage source 12 of the shutdown device 2 is set higher than zero, but significantly lower than the minimum allowable voltage of the battery 11, and the voltage at the output of the reference voltage source 14 of the comparison device 3 is set equal to the minimum permissible voltage of the battery 11, at the output of the comparator 13 of the shutdown device 2 there will be a logical "0", and at the output of the comparator 15 of the comparison device 3, a logical "1".

Logical "0" from the output of the comparator 13 of the switch 2, entering the first logic element "3 AND" 19 and the second logic element "3 AND" 20 of the mode switch 4, sets the logic 0 at their outputs, which prohibits the operation of the current stabilizer discharge 6 and charge current stabilizer 5.

In addition, the signal from the output of the comparator 13 of the shutdown device 2 through the inverter 24 of the second timer 9 is fed to the input of the account resolution of the counter 23 of the second timer 9, allowing the count of pulses arriving at its clock input. After the arrival of N1 pulses (N1 is the conversion factor of the first counter 23 of the second timer 9), a logical “1” will appear at its output, which, through the single-vibrator 26 of the second timer 9, is fed to the second input of the logic element “2 OR” 18 of the operating mode setpoint 4, the signal is the output of which sets the charger to its original state. After the end of the pulse at the output of the logic element "2 OR" 18 master mode 4, the counter 23 of the second timer 9 starts working again in counting mode, but almost immediately, even before the output of the counter 23 of the second timer 9 another logical "1", again is set to zero by one of the pulses arriving at the first input of the "2 OR" logic element 25 of the second timer 9 with a frequency of F1 (the frequency of F1 is set close to the value of f1 / N1, but less than it). After the end of the pulse at the first input of the logic element "2 OR" 25 of the second timer 9, work starts again in the counting mode of the counter 23 of the second timer 9 until a logical "1" appears on its output, which through the one-shot 26 of the second timer 9 enters the second input of the logic element "2 OR" 18 setpoint mode 4, maintaining the charger in its original state. The process is periodically repeated, i.e. the second timer 9 will give impulses to set the charger to its original state with a frequency of F1.

The counter 27 of the third timer 10 also works in the pulse counting mode (logical “1” is received from the fourth output of the generator 7 to the clock input of the counter 27 of the third timer 10 with a frequency f2 (frequency f2 and the conversion factor of the counter 27 of the third timer N2 are set based on the condition f2 / N2 <F1).

The frequency F2 of pulses from the fifth output of the generator 7 through the logic element “2 OR” 28 of the third timer 10 to the zero input state of the counter 27 of the third timer 10 is selected close to, but less than f2 / N2.

Thus, subject to the conditions F1 <f1 / N1 and F2 <f2 / N2 <F1, the counter 27 of the third timer 10 will not have time to count to N2, because will be set each time earlier to the zero state by pulses arriving at the first and second inputs of the logic element “2 OR” 28 of the third timer 10, i.e. at the output of the counter 27 of the third timer 10, the logical "1" will not appear and the first trigger 16 of the master mode 4 will remain in a single state.

After connecting the battery 11 to the charger, the logical “1” appears at the output of the first comparator 13 of the switching device 2, prohibiting the counter 23 of the second timer 9 from working in the counting mode and setting the logical “1” of the operating mode switch 4 to the output of the first logical element “3 AND” 19 ", which allows the operation of the discharge current stabilizer 6. At the same time, the logical" 0 "is stored at the output of the second logic element" 3 AND "20 of the operating mode adjuster 4, which prohibits the operation of the charge current stabilizer 5.

At the output of the comparator 15 of the comparison device 3 (in the event that the voltage of the battery 11 is above the minimum allowable), a logical "0" appears, prohibiting the counter 27 of the third timer 10 from working in the counting mode. Thus, the charger will operate in the discharge mode.

If during operation in this mode the contact between the battery 11 and the terminals 1 disappears (as a result of shock or erroneous disconnection of the battery 11 from the charger), a logical “0” will appear at the output of the comparator 13 of the switch 2 and the output of the comparator 15 of the comparison device 3 - logical "1" and, therefore, the operation of the charge current stabilizer 5 and the discharge current stabilizer 6 will be prohibited and the counter 23 of the second timer 9 and the counter 27 of the third timer 10 will be allowed.

If the duration of disconnecting the battery 11 from the terminals 1 is not enough for the logical “1” to appear at the output of the second timer 9 (and especially the third timer 10), then the first trigger 16 of the operating mode setpoint 4 will save a single state (the initial state of the charger will be preserved). The first trigger 16 of the master mode 4 will save a single state and if the time to disconnect the battery 11 from terminals 1 is sufficient for the appearance of pulses (logical "1") at the output of the second timer 9, because they will keep the charger in its original state. The third timer 10 to give a signal to change the state of the first trigger 1 of the master mode 4 can not, because the input of the zero setting of the counter 27 of the third timer 10 will be received from the output of the second timer 9 through the logic element "2 OR" 18 of the master mode 4 and the logic element "2 OR" 28 of the third timer 10 pulses with an interval between them less than time needed to count N2 pulses.

Thus, if during operation of the charger in the discharge mode the battery 11 disconnects from the terminals 1, then regardless of the time after which the subsequent connection of the battery 11 (the one that was previously discharged by the charger or another) to the terminals 1, the charger continues work in discharge mode.

When the battery 11 is discharged to the minimum acceptable level, the output of the comparator 13 of the shutdown device 2 will remain logical "1", which prohibits the counter 23 of the second timer 9 from working in the count mode, and the logical "1" will appear at the output of the comparator 15 of the comparison device 3, allowing operation in counting to the counter 27 of the third timer 10. If this logical “1” lasts for a time T≥N2 / f2 after the end of any of the pulses arriving at the first input of the logic element “2 OR” 28 of the third timer 10, then the output of the counter 27 of the third half RA 10 will be a logical "1", setting the first trigger 16 setpoint mode 4 to zero. At the same time, at the output of the first logical element "3 AND" 19 of the operating mode 4 setpoint, a logical "0" will appear, prohibiting the operation of the discharge current stabilizer 6, at the output of the second logical element "3 AND" 20 of the operating mode 4 setter, a logical "1" will appear, allowing operation of the charge current stabilizer 5, at the input of the zero state of the counter 22 of the first timer 8, a logical "1" will be received (previously a logical "0" was supplied), allowing the charging time to be counted, i.e. The charger will switch from discharge mode to charge mode.

After the required charge time has elapsed (after the corresponding number of pulses arrives at the clock input of the counter 22 of the first timer 8), a logical “1” will appear at the output of the counter 22 of the first timer 8, setting the second trigger 17 of the operating mode setpoint switch 4 to zero, as a result of which the outputs of the first logical element "3 AND" 19 of the operating mode switch 4 and the second logical element "3 AND" 20 of the operating mode switch 4 set logical "0", prohibiting the operation of the charge current stabilizer 5 and the discharge current stabilizer 6. Cycle discharge - the charge will end.

After disconnecting the charged battery 11 from the charger, it is automatically set (by pulses from the output of the second timer 9) to its original state and is ready to charge the next battery 11.

If during operation in the charge mode the contact between the battery 11 and the terminals 1 disappears, a logical "0" will appear at the output of the comparator 13 of the switch 2, and a logical "1" will appear at the output of the comparator 15 of the switch 3. the counter 23 of the second timer 9 and the counter 27 of the third timer 10 is allowed to count. The operation of the charge current stabilizer 5 and discharge current stabilizer 6 is terminated, which ensures (in case of an erroneous disconnection of the battery 11 from the charger) operator safety and protects the charger from failure in case of accidental closure of terminals 1.

If the logical "0" lasts at the output of the comparator 13 of the shutdown device 2 during the time T≥N1 / f1 after the end of any of the pulses arriving at the first input of the logic element "2 OR" 25 of the second timer 9, the output of the counter 23 of the second timer 9 will appear logical "1", which sets the charger to its original state, i.e. the counter 23 of the second timer 9 and the counter 27 of the third timer 10 are set to a single state, the counter 22 of the first timer 8 is set to zero. In this case, when a contact appears between the battery 11 and the terminals 1, the charger starts to discharge the battery 11, which eliminates the possibility of recharging the battery 11 in the case when the operator erroneously disconnects one battery 11 and connects another one instead, which was not previously discharged.

The duration of the impact is 5-10 ms, and the time required to disconnect one battery 11 from the charger and connect another battery 11 to the charger is at least 5 s; therefore, f1, N1, F1, f2, N2 and F2 are chosen such that the conditions are met:

N1 / f1> 10 μs;

1 / F1> N1 / f1;

N2 / f2 <5 s;

1 / F2> N2 / F2> 1 / F1.

For example, if you take N1 / f1≈0.1 s, then you can set 1 / F1≈0.11 s, N2 / f2≈3.0 s, 1 / F2≈3.3 s.

Claims (2)

1. A charger containing terminals, a switch-off device, the input of which is connected to the terminals, a comparison device, an operating mode adjuster, the first input of which is connected to the output of the switch-off device, a charge current stabilizer, a discharge current stabilizer, a generator, a first timer, the first input of which is clocked and connected to the first output of the generator, and the output to the second input of the master mode, characterized in that it additionally introduced a second timer, the first input of which is the input resolution account and is dined with the output of the shutdown device, the second input is clocked and connected to the second output of the generator, the third input of the second timer is the first input of the installation to zero and connected to the third output of the generator, with the frequency at the third output of the generator F1, the frequency at the second output of the generator f1 and the conversion factor of the second timer N1 are selected based on the condition F1 <f1 / N1, the fourth input of the second timer is the second input of the zero setting and is connected to the first output of the operating mode setter, output the second timer is connected to the third input of the operating mode setter, the third timer, the first input of which is the counter enable input and connected to the output of the comparison device, the second input is clock and connected to the fourth generator output, the third input is the first zero input and connected to the fifth output of the generator, with the frequency at the fifth output of the generator F2, the frequency at the fourth output of the generator f2 and the conversion factor of the third timer N2 are selected based on the condition F2 <f2 / N2 <F1, the fourth input is the fifth timer is the second input of the zeroing state and connected to the first output of the operating mode switch, the output of the third timer is connected to the fourth input of the operating mode switch, while the second output of the operating mode switch is connected to the input of the discharge current stabilizer, the third output to the input of the current stabilizer charge, the fourth output to the second input of the first timer, which is the input to the zero state of the first timer, and the output of the charge current stabilizer, the output of the discharge current stabilizer and the device input Comparisons are connected to the terminals. 2. The charger according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating mode adjuster comprises a first trigger, the zero input of which is the fourth input of the operating mode adjuster, a second trigger, the zero setting of which is the second input of the operating mode adjuster, is logical the “2 OR” element, the second input of which is the third input of the operating mode setter, and the output is connected to the unit input to the unit state of the first trigger and the unit input to the unit state of the second trigger and is the first output of the operating mode adjuster, the first 3 I gate, the second input of which is connected to the direct output of the first trigger and is the fourth output of the operating mode adjuster, the second 3 AND logic element, the second input of which is connected to the inverse output of the first trigger, the input is connected to the first input of the first logical element "3 AND" and is the first input of the master mode, the third input is connected to the third input of the first logical element "3 AND" and the direct output of the second trigger, the device is initially Fitting, whose output is connected to the first input of the logic element "OR 2".