RU2271854C2 - Installation "reactor-dispergator" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: gas-processing industry; petroleum industry; other industries; gas-cleaning equipment.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the designs of the gas-cleaning equipment of industrial and domestic designation and may be used in various branches of industry. The installation contains: the body forming a reaction zone; the conical unit forming a zone of dispersion; the located inside the body shaft with a drive unit and a feeding screw supplied with solid plates, the dispersion grates and calibrating grates; the branch-pipe for feeding the gas for cleaning; the absorber feeding union; the drips separator and the slime separator. The installation is supplied with the cylinder forming the absorption area, integrated with the tank-collector supplied with the distributing grate for sprinkling by the absorber of the gas subjected to cleaning. The tank-collector is supplied with the chutes for feeding the absorber in the channels of the feeding screw. The installation ensures a high level of cleaning of the gases from toxic impurity, from dust and mists, a high degree of trapping of the raw and the finished products.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a high level of cleaning of the gases from toxic impurity, a dust and mists, the high degree of trapping of the raw and the finished products.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to constructions of both industrial and domestic gas treatment equipment, and can be used:

- as a gas treatment plant, for cleaning industrial gas emissions of various enterprises from toxic gases, fogs, dust, by 99-100% - / for collecting raw materials /;

- for capturing raw materials and finished products from chemical, paint and varnish and oil refineries;

- for trapping fusible metals from gas emissions from metallurgical plants, with the neutralization of toxic gases;

- for cleaning the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, break-in stands, workshops, 99-100% / of CO / carbon monoxide, - carbon monoxide /, of NO _x / nitrogen oxides / and solid ingredients /;

- for cleaning gas, dust emissions from power equipment, thermal power plants / thermal power plants /, boiler plants using coal, fuel oil, peat, firewood as fuel, with the separation of rare earth elements from gas emissions and the neutralization of toxic gases by 99-100%;

- for the purification of natural gases from sulfur and nitrogen compounds on cheap absorbents - more economical than the Klaus process;

- use in vacuum cleaners, while cleaning from dust reaches 100%, cleaning from toxic gases, unpleasant odors / in an apartment, for example /, - by 99.999%;

- use in air conditioners, - dust removal by 100%, from odors, fumes, - by 99.999%, - cooling without refrigerants;

- for heat recovery from gases, air or water / liquid /.

The gas treatment plants used in industry - jet gas scrubbers, spray the absorbent in the gas stream, with the ratio of absorbent and gases 1: 1500-3000. Hence, if the absorbent is divided into droplets / the absorbency of the absorbent occurs during operation /, then each droplet is “designed” with a gas volume exceeding the droplet’s volume by 1,500-3,000 times, in the presence of a blow-off process / reverse process, desorption. Hence, the degree of purification in drops in jet scrubbers and hollow scrubbers similar to them in processes is 1-5% for gas capture and 15-20% for dust collection.

The next analogue from gas treatment plants is a foam apparatus and its variants, where the gas to be cleaned sparges through a 20-50 mm absorbent layer at a speed of 6-13 m / s, hence the contact time of gases with an absorbent is 0.002-0.005 sec, which does not allow toxic gases go from bubbles and “torches” to absorbent. Under such conditions, the degree of purification of gas emissions in foam machines is also 1-5% for gases and 10-20% for dust.

An analogue of the proposed installation is the installation "Reactor-dispersant" according to patent No. 1342523, which presents a low-speed version of the installation, in which the dispersing and calibrating gratings are placed in the inter-turn spaces at an acute angle, with overlapping part of the inter-turn space by the plates, which prevents operation at high rpm of the reactor, for example, for cleaning the exhaust gases of vehicles where the dispersant reactor is powered by an engine transmission, with the following design solutions:

Figure 1 shows a reactor-dispersant high-speed version with all modules: where 1 is a body / reaction zone /, 2 is a cone / dispersion zone /, 3 is a cylinder / suction zone /, 4 is a shaft support, 5 is a drive, 6 is receiver tank, 7 - supporting pipe, 8 - fitting, 9 - distribution grilles, 10 and 11 - trays, 12 - droplet separator module, with a sludge separator 13, if it is required by technology, the nozzle 14 of the spent absorbent outlet, for example, for regeneration or for heat recovery 15 - shaft.

Figure 2 shows a screw with a shaft - 15, turns of the screw - 16 and dispersing - 17 and calibrating - 18 lattices.

Figure 3 presents the compensation gasket 22, for large diameters of the housing 1, which is mounted on a turn of the screw 16, tire 23.

The aim of the invention is: - increase efficiency and efficiency, both when cleaning large and small volumes of gas, growths, air flows from toxic gases, dust, - the allocation of raw materials and finished products. Heat recovery.

The operation of the reactor-dispersant installation, a high-speed version, is as follows:

- When the drive 5 is rotated, the shaft 15 rotates, placed in the housing 1 and on the supports 4, horizontally. The shaft 15 rotates the nozzle, the turns of the screw 16 with the dispersing grids 17 and the calibrating grids 18. At the same time, the gas to be cleaned comes through the nozzle 7 and the absorbent through the nozzle 8, and the absorbent is crushed into jets and calli on the distribution grid 9, and thereby irrigates the gas to be cleaned, air. Then the absorbent is collected in trays 10 and 11, and flows into the suction zone 3 of the reactor, where the rotating inter-turn channels, when combined with the trays 10 and 11, are filled with absorbent material, and the absorbent covers the entire channel section, and due to rotation, is diverted from the receiver tank 6 and how the piston sucks in a portion of gas. The same happens on the next tray / 10 or 11 /.

In this way, portions of absorbent and portions of gases move sequentially, one after another, in the channel of the screw.

Then, on the dispersion gratings 17, with the combined passage of gases and absorbent through the gratings, a portion of the gases is crushed into bubbles with a certain equivalent diameter / 1-10 mm / in the mass of the absorbent / gas dispersion /. Moreover, around the bubble is not a foam film in which there is little active substance and the energy of water molecules is directed to the formation of surface tension, but a constantly changing absorbent mass / "boiling mass" /, which removes trapped gas molecules, solid ingredients from gases, due to dissolution, wetting, eg.

Simultaneously with dispersion on the gratings, gas is ejected into the absorbent / the gas to be purified is converted into a molecular state, for example, from 15 to 40% of the volume of the absorbent jet, and with increasing pressure, the percentage of ejection increases /. The pressure is formed in the reaction zone 1 on the gas bubbles, due to the difference in the cross section of the suction zone 3 and the cross section of the reaction zone 1, and due to the speed, up to 1-2.5 at / atmospheres /, therefore, the percentage of ejected gas in the absorbent reaches 40% of the absorbent jet volume.

Further, along the channel, the formed gas bubbles enter the calibrating gratings 18, where the average equivalent diameter of the bubbles is maintained, while the gases are ejected into the absorbent. In this way, the calculated contact area of the phases / gases with the absorbent / is formed, which ensures a degree of purification of 99, ... 9% from toxic, for example, gases and 100% from dust, mists. Ejection increases the degree of guarantee of capture / absorption reserve / and allows you to reduce the reaction zone 1 of the dispersing reactor.

In the presence of ejection and pressure, trapped molecules, for example, toxic gases - H ₂ S / hydrogen sulfide /, SO ₂ / sulfur dioxide /, CS ₂ / carbon disulfide /, NO _x / nitrogen oxides /, HF / hydrogen fluoride / and other substances, they are bound by the active substances of the absorbent / wetted, dissolved with the conversion to non-volatile, - non-toxic state / compounds /, for example in salt. CO / carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide /, at pressure dissolves in the absorbent and is restored in the form of CO ₂ / carbon dioxide /.

From the reaction zone 1, a "boiling mass" is discharged into a droplet separator 12, where again the absorbent and the purified gases are separated. The purified gases, air, through the pipe 19 are discharged into the candle / pipe / or to the consumer, and the absorbent, through the pipe 20, again enters the receiver tank 6. At the same time, part of the spent absorbent, through the fitting 14, is discharged, for example, to regeneration or heat recovery, and the same amount of fresh absorbent enters the receiver tank 6, by fitting 8.

If there is dust in the gases to be cleaned, a module is added - a sludge separator 13, in which the sludge is accumulated, and according to the fitting 21, the latter is discharged to the sludge fields or to regeneration.

With large diameters of the housing 1, for example 1-4 m, along the periphery of the turns of the screw there is a compensation gasket 22, which is mounted on the turn of the screw 16 with a bus 23.

Large diameters of the housing 1 are necessary for cleaning both large volumes of exhaust gases from various production lines and ventilation air containing toxic gases or raw materials and finished products. For their cleaning, higher capacity installations are required, for example, at 100,000 m ³ / h.

Small volumes of purified gases, air, in the reactor-dispersant plants, a high-speed version, are, for example, 1-50-20000 m ³ / h. It is advisable to use the proposed installation for heat recovery, for example, from hot technological emissions of gases or air, to heat a liquid, or from hot water, absorbate, heat air.

Claims (1)

A reactor-dispersant installation for contacting gases with a liquid, comprising a reaction zone body, a conical part of the dispersion zone, a shaft with a drive and an auger equipped with continuous plates mounted at an angle, dispersive gratings forming gas bubbles in the form of a “boiling mass”, where around the bubbles of gases is not a foam film, but a constantly changing absorbent mass, calibrating gratings, supporting the average equivalent diameter of gas bubbles and providing a calculated phase contact area, a droplet separator and a sludge separator, characterized in that it contains a suction zone cylinder, wherein the reaction zone body, the conical part of the dispersion zone and the suction zone cylinder are placed horizontally, the suction zone cylinder is combined with a receiver tank having a distribution grid for irrigation with absorbent of the gas to be cleaned, the receiver tank is equipped with trays for absorbent to enter the channels of the screw with the possibility of overlapping the entire cross section of the channel with successive rotation of the absorbent along the channel of the screw due to the rotation of the shaft and the possibility of blocking portions of the gases being cleaned, like a piston, dispersing gratings are made with the possibility of dispersing gases onto bubbles with an equivalent diameter of 1-10 mm and the possibility of creating gas ejection on the dispersing and calibrating gratings into the absorbent with ejection from 15 to 40% of the volume of the absorbent jets, the body of the reaction zone is made to provide pressure on the gas bubbles of 1-2.5 at.

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