RU2270545C1 - Combined seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment preferably for sowing of grass, semi-brush and brush seeds on untilled massifs, for example on pastures with natural herbage, including meadow, cereal and leguminous grasses.

SUBSTANCE: combined seeding unit has tractor, seed and fertilizer hopper with seeding units, seed guides, and shanks. Each of shanks is made in the form of two intersecting blades with aperture angle below 90 deg. Shanks are disposed in equally spaced relation on roller surface. Each shank is detachably mounted in slots on roller surface. Each shank has pair of oppositely mounted intersecting blades with recesses on end faces. Blades are fixed through end recesses within slots on roller surface. Both pairs of blades are fixed in slots by means of wedge which is disposed in additional slots above roller surface. Seeding unit is furnished with sets of replaceable shanks of different height for operation under soil-and-climatic conditions including soils with heavy, average and light mechanical composition.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in creating stable plant associations on eroded or disturbed soils, tramped pastures, forage lands, and old improved lands.

2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to sowing equipment, mainly for sowing grass seeds, shrubs and shrubs on untreated massifs, for example, on pastures with natural grass, including bluegrass, cereal and bean grasses, their multicomponent mixtures and combinations with anti-erosion crops.

It is known a tillage implement containing a ballast tank with a bottom, a frame with longitudinal and transverse bars and a cylindrical roller mounted under the bars, equipped with local soil and vegetation deformators, in which it is equipped with a two-tier knife mounted in front of the roller and under the ballast capacity, connected with hinges and a hydraulic drive longitudinal rails of the frame, pneumatic support wheels placed on the rails of the frame behind the roller, said roller is kinematically connected by carts with racks beams of the frame, and its axis of rotation - with the rods of hydraulic cylinders, the liners of which are pivotally connected to the frame, on the surface of the roller the deformators are staggered, each of which is made in the form of a convex wedge, with a wide base placed on the surface of the roller, the wedge is formed by two made in mirror image and conjugate sidewalls, forming flat parts axisymmetric segments of knives with cutting edges (RU, patent No. 2222128. C1. IPC ⁷ A 01 B 49/02, 13/16. Tillage tool / S.A. Korpushkov, V.I. Petrov, A.M. Saldaev, A.G. Teryukov (RU). - Factory No. 2002119316/12; Stated July 17, 2002; Publ. 01/27/2004, Bull. No. 3 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2004. - No. 3).

The disadvantages of the described tillage tools include a limited scope when creating sustainable agrocenoses on obstructed soils.

The closest analogue to the claimed object includes a sowing combined unit containing a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes, coulters, shorters and a packer roller, in which the coulters are made in the form of soil deformers installed with equal pitch on the surface of the roller, and Zagortachi - in the form of ribs located at a step equal to the spacing of soil deformers mounted on the surface of the roller, which is sequentially installed behind the roller with soil deformers, kinematically connected with it and has a smaller diameter, each soil deformer made in the form of two intersecting blades with a solution angle of less than 90 °, each rib in the form of a dihedral wedge with an angle at the apex of less than 30 °, while the seed tubes of the hopper are installed between the rollers and have the shape of a slot dispenser; the packer roller can be moved to a position raised above the surface of the soil by means of a hydraulic cylinder; the kinematic connection between the rollers is made in the form of a chain transmission with a gear ratio equal to the reciprocal of the ratio

where d ₁ is the diameter of the roller with soil deformers;

d ₂ - the diameter of the roller with ribs;

h is the depth of the hollow formed by the deformers

(RU, patent No. 2226324. C1. IPC ⁷ A 01 B 49/06. Sowing combined unit / S.A. Korpushov, V.I. Petrov, A.M.Saldaev, A.G. Teryukov (RU) .- Application No. 2002123087/12; Stated August 28, 2002; Published on April 10, 2004, Bull. No. 10 // Inventions. Useful models. - 2004. - No. 10).

The disadvantages of the described combined unit, adopted by us as the closest analogue, include limited functionality when creating natural grass mixtures and forage land.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the expansion of the functionality of the sowing combined unit.

The technical result is the creation of sustainable plant agrocenoses with high feed quality and productivity.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the well-known combined sowing unit containing a tractor, a hopper with sowing devices, seed tubes and openers made in the form of two intersecting blades with solution angles less than 90 ° and installed with equal pitch on the surface of the roller, according to the invention, each opener installed with the possibility of dismantling in the grooves on the surface of the roller, made in the form of a pair of opposed mounted intersecting blades with cuts on the end faces, mating with the grooves on the surface the surface of the roller, while both pairs of blades are fixed in the grooves by means of a wedge placed in additional grooves of the blades above the surface of the roller.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a sowing combination unit, side view when performing the process.

Figure 2 shows a section aa in figure 1, the placement of the opener on the surface of the roller.

Figure 3 shows a section bB in figure 2, the position relative to the wall of the roller of the slots on the end faces of the intersecting blades of the right part of the opener.

Figure 4 - section bb in figure 2, the position of the lower parts of the intersecting blades of the right side of the opener in the grooves on the surface of the roller.

In Fig.5 is a section GG in Fig.2, the working fixed position of the right part of the opener in the grooves by means of a wedge placed in additional grooves of the blades above the surface of the roller.

In Fig.6 is a section DD in Fig.2, the position of the wedge between the left and right parts of the removable opener when they are fixed in the working position.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The combined sowing unit contains a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes and openers 3. Due to their popularity, the sowing devices and seed tubes are not shown in the drawings. The coulter 3 is made in the form of two intersecting blades 4 with a solution angle of less than 90 °. The coulters 3 are mounted in rows with equal angular steps on the surface of the roller 5. The roller 5, by means of axles 6 and bearing bearings, is mounted on two double-arm levers 7. The free ends of the levers 7 are pivotally connected to the rods of the power cylinders 8 and placed on the frame of the hopper 2 The hopper 2 is mounted on the front swing axle 9 and the rear axle 10. The front axle 9 is connected via a trailer 11 to the towbar 12 of the tractor 1. With the pneumatic wheels 13, the sowing combination unit is moved along field and highway roads Roller raised to transport position 5.

Each opener 3 is mounted on the surface of the roller 5 with the possibility of dismantling by means of grooves 14 and 15 made parallel to the surface of the roller 5. The opener 3 is made in the form of a pair of oppositely mounted intersecting blades 4 with slots 16 and 17 on the end faces. In the working position of the openers 3, slots 16 and 17 of the blades 4 are associated with grooves 14 and 15 in the cylindrical wall of the roller 5.

Both pairs of blades 4 are fixed in the grooves 14 and 15 by means of a wedge 18. The wedge 18 is placed in additional grooves 19 and 20 of the blades 4 on the outer surface of the cylindrical wall of the roller 5. The wedge 20 is equipped with entry chamfers 21. The width and pitch of the grooves 14 and 15 on the surface the roller 5 provide for mounting the suitability of the blades 4. The length of the slots 16 and 17 on the end faces of the blades 4 is less than or equal to half (e) of the width of the blades 4.

The distance between adjacent end faces of the blades 4 of the left and right parts of the opener 3 is less than the width of the wedge 18. The length of the grooves 14 and 15 ensures the assembly of the parts of the opener 3 in any parts position.

The expansion of the functionality of the sowing unit is ensured by the fact that it is equipped with a set of interchangeable openers 3 of different heights. To work on heavy soils, a coulter 3 is required, in which the angle of the solution between the faces of the intersecting blades 4 is performed no more than 12 ... 15 °. With a constant step t between adjacent grooves 14 and 15, it is easy to calculate the opener height h from the following ratio:

h = t / [2 * tg (α / 2)],

where h is the height of the opener 3;

t is the step between adjacent grooves 14 and 15 on the surface of the roller 5 (see figure 5);

α is the angle of the solution between the outer faces of the intersecting blades 4.

The sowing combination unit operates as follows.

The hopper 2 is filled with seeds of a single-species composition or a mixture of seeds of various feed crops. When transporting the tool with hydraulic cylinders 8, the roller 5 through the two shoulders of the levers 7 is transferred to the transport position, bringing the opener 3 as close as possible to the bottom of the hopper 2. The unit, including the tractor 1 and the implement on the pneumatic wheels 13, is moved to a downed pasture or an erosion-hazardous area. The clearance between the opener 3 and the road surface is 200 ... 250 mm.

When performing the technological process, the roller 5 with hydraulic cylinders 8 is brought into working position, weighting it with the weight of the hopper 2, the implement frame, front and rear axles 9 and 10. To increase the efficiency of the coulters 3 on the surface of the processed array, the roller cavity is filled with concrete. This allows you to significantly change the interaction process of the peripheral edge of the intersecting blades 4 on the upper over-compacted layer of soil or soil on overburden objects.

When moving the unit, each blade 4 of the opener 3 on the surface of the roller 5 creates discrete troughs perpendicular to the direction of movement on the surface of the seed section equal to the left and right parts of the opener 3 and all others in this row. The lateral surface of the blade 4 forms a hollow having a curved surface formed by a guide in the form of a cycloid and forming in a straight line. At the same time, the shaft of the sowing apparatus, which receives the drive from the axle 6 of the roller 5, removes the seeds from the hopper 2 and delivers the seed tubes to the surface of the sown strip with a width equal to the length of the roller 5. Seeds from the strip surface by the coulters 3 are forced into the hollows. Profiles of the lateral surface of the hollows with tautochronous properties provide a complete displacement of grass and shrub seeds into the pit located at the intersection line of these side surfaces. One of the most important factors in the created troughs is the retention of rain and melt water. The densified walls of the troughs facilitate the rolling of water droplets and the concentration of moisture in the lower part of the troughs, in close proximity to the sown seeds. This ensures that enough moisture is accumulated for seed germination and plant strengthening even with a limited amount of natural precipitation. In addition, the seeds located in the hollow are less affected by winds and sunlight.

When sowing grass seeds on obstructed, easily blown soils, the coulters 3 are installed with the lowest height.

For this, the operator (machine operator) serving the unit proceeds as follows. With a hammer, through the bar, tangentially to the surface of the roller 5, removes the wedge 18 from the slots 19 and 20 on the end wall of the blades 4. Next, the left part of the coulter 3 is shifted to the right (see Fig. 2) until it contacts the right part of the coulter 3 and removed from the grooves 14 and 15 (see FIG. 4). Do the same with the right part of the opener 3, displacing it first along the grooves 14 and 15 to the left and removing it from them. In this way, all coulters 3 are removed from the grooves 14 and 15 and a second group of coulters 3 is installed with the lowest height for light soils. With a reduced height, the angle α at the apex of the blades 4 becomes greater than 40 °. At this angle α, an intensive compaction of the walls of the troughs occurs at a shallower depth.

Thus, the described design of the coulters 3 and the method of their fixation on the surface of the roller 5 provide the setting of the combined sowing unit in a wide range of climatic conditions. The sown seeds of herbs and shrubs are in comfortable conditions and give warm and moisture supply friendly and stable seedlings. This ensures the achievement of the above technical result - the creation of sustainable and highly productive agrocenoses on degraded and obstructive soils and pastured pastures.

Claims (2)

1. A sowing combination unit containing a tractor, a hopper for seeds and fertilizers with sowing devices, seed tubes and coulters made in the form of two intersecting blades with a solution angle of less than 90 ° and installed with equal pitch on the surface of the roller, characterized in that each coulter, installed with the possibility of dismantling in grooves on the surface of the roller, has a pair of opposed mounted intersecting blades with slots on the end faces, mating with grooves on the surface of the roller, while both pairs of blades are fixed in grooves by means of a wedge placed in additional grooves of the blades above the surface of the roller. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with sets of interchangeable openers of different heights, determined from the ratio h = t / [2 · tg (α / 2)], where h is the coulter height; t is the step between adjacent grooves on the surface of the roller; α is the angle of the solution between the outer faces of the intersecting blades.

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