RU2264903C2 - Portable multi-purpose machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: machine-tool comprises horizontal table for securing blanks to be worked, vertical pillar, and working head with a drive kinematically connected with the means for securing the tool. The table is provided with hand-operated drives for longitudinal and transverse movement, vertical pillar is made of cylindrical rod provided with the cantilever having hand-operated drive for vertical movement and means for locking it to the pillar. The cantilever has flat surfaces provided with ring T-shaped grooves. The surfaces are arranged vertically and perpendicularly to the vertical. The working head is connected with the cantilever through the cylindrical slide guide that has longitudinal cut with clamping screws from one side and flange with openings from the other side. .The openings receive bolts, and flange engages one of the flat vertical surfaces of the cantilever. The heads of the bolts enter the ring T-shaped grooves. The machine-tool is provided with plate with the lid that is secured to the table and vertical pillar. The lid has sides, shelves, lock, and handle and is pivotally connected with the plate so that it is vertical when the machine-tool is ready for operation. The lid is provided with two side shields pivotally connected with the side of the lid.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

9 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to machines used for processing metals and other structural materials, and can be used in the manufacture of parts from cast iron, steel, aluminum, brass, plastic, wood, etc. materials by methods of milling, drilling, grinding, polishing, engraving, stamping, extrusion, cutting and bending. The machine can be easily transported and used in workshops, training and production laboratories and in residential premises.

Devices similar to the claimed are known from the patent literature. Known from the description of US patent No. 3390943, class. 408/20, publ. July 4, 67 [1] a portable multifunctional machine containing a horizontal base, a table for placing workpieces, a rack with a bracket fixed to the base, on which a vertical spindle head with a clamping device for tools is mounted. The bracket is essentially a hook hinge. In conjunction with special clamps securing the workpiece, this design allows for various operations with workpieces of a spherical shape. The disadvantage of the technical solution [1] is its narrow technological focus and the complexity of its manufacture and maintenance.

From the description of US patent No. 4284373, class. 23 V 39/00, publ. 08/18/81 [2] known portable machine containing a horizontal base designed to accommodate workpieces, mounted on the base rack with a bracket on which a spindle head with an electric motor. The spindle is connected to the clamping device for the tool. The design of the machine [2] is maximally simplified (compared to the design [1]), but as a result of simplification when using this machine, only vertical holes can be made and machined in the workpiece, which is its main drawback.

By technical nature and the achieved result, the closest analogue of the claimed invention is a portable, multifunctional machine, known from the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2049601, class. 23 V 39/00, 41/00, publ. December 10, 1995 [3] (prototype), comprising a horizontal table for attaching workpieces, a vertical stand and a working head with a drive kinematically connected with a means for attaching a technological tool.

As shown in the description of the patent [3] (see FIG. 2 and related description text [3]), using this multifunctional device, it is possible to drill holes, sharpen the tool, only translationally moving the tool in the vertical direction. For this reason, it is not possible, for example, to make grooves on the workpiece, or to make and process inclined holes, for example, with slotted cutters. The inability to expose metals and other materials to pressure treatment methods (stamping, pressing, etc.) is also a disadvantage of the device [3]. In addition, the technical solution [3] did not solve the problems of its transportation and storage of replaceable component parts, which obviously take up a lot of space, which complicates the operation of the device. The disadvantage of the device [3] is the lack of means of protecting people from flying chips when cutting material. The above circumstances complicate the transportation and operation of the device [3]. To address these shortcomings, the invention is directed.

The technical result achieved by the invention is the expansion of functionality while improving ease of use and improving working conditions.

The specified technical result is achieved in a well-known portable multifunctional machine containing a horizontal table for attaching workpieces, a vertical stand and a working head with a drive kinematically connected with a tool for fastening a technological tool, the distinguishing feature of which is that the table is equipped with manual drives for longitudinal and lateral movement , the vertical stand is made in the form of a cylindrical rod on which a bracket equipped with a manual with a vertical displacement drive and fixing means on the stand in the required position, on the arm there are made flat surfaces vertically and at right angles to each other with annular T-shaped grooves, the working head is connected to the arm by means of a cylindrical sliding guide having, on one side, a longitudinal section with clamping screws, and on the other hand a flange with holes in which the bolts are installed, the flange is in contact with one of the flat vertical surfaces of the bracket, while the bolts are in T-shaped annular grooves, the machine is equipped with a plate attached to the table with a cover having side walls, shelves, a lock and a handle, the cover is pivotally attached to the plate so that after preparing the machine for operation, it occupies a vertical position, while the cover equipped with two side shields made in the form of scarves, each of which is pivotally attached to the side wall of the lid and has a detachable connection designed for fastening to the plate and fixing the lid in a vertical position.

The machine cover with side walls, its shelves and side shields can be made of transparent material resistant to impact.

The machine can be equipped with a set of clamps designed to attach the machine parts to the plate when the machine is in the storage or transportation position.

The edges of the shelves of the lid of the machine can be equipped with soft gaskets and have recesses corresponding in shape and size to the nodes of the machine, placed under the cover on a horizontal plate during storage or transportation.

In the particular case (the first option), the working head can be equipped with an electric motor, and the means contained in the working head for attaching the technological tool used in the processing of materials by cutting can be kinematically connected to the electric motor by means of a gearbox and a spindle, which is supported by bearings on a sleeve, mounted in a cylindrical sliding guide and equipped with a manual gear drive with rack and pinion gear designed to move the sleeve into the aforementioned guide.

In the case of the first embodiment, the means for attaching the technological tool used in the processing of materials by cutting can be made in the form of a clamping device containing a housing with a conical hole made in its lower end, a collet installed in the conical hole of the housing, a flare nut with flats under the nut a key screwed onto the lower end of the housing mounted on the housing with axial movement and a spring-loaded disc with a cam located around its circumference and radially directed in this case, in the lower end of the sleeve there are recesses corresponding to the cams of the disk, and the lower side of the disk is made convex downward, the clamping device is equipped with a wrench with spring-loaded stops mounted on its lips.

The machine can be in a particular case (according to the first embodiment) equipped with a set of tools for processing materials by cutting, containing drills, milling cutters, taps, thread-cutting heads, burrs for engraving, grinding and polishing wheels.

In another particular case (the second option), the working head may contain a rod intended for installation in a cylindrical sliding guide, the upper end of the rod is connected to the drive handle by means of worm and screw pairs, and the lower end has means for attaching working bodies to it in the form of interchangeable tools for processing materials by pressure, while the nut is placed inside the worm wheel coaxially with the cylindrical guide and mounted on its upper end with the possibility of rotation.

In this case (the second option), the machine can be equipped with a set of interchangeable tools for processing materials by pressure, containing stamps for volume and sheet stamping, punching and bending stamps, extruders, scissors and press plates.

The working head, made according to the first embodiment, can be additionally equipped with two plastic handles having means of attachment to the head, one handle is designed to be attached to the end of the upper part of the working head, and the other to be attached to the sleeve of the working head.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 - General view of the machine in a perspective view (working position of the machine).

Figure 2 - kinematic diagram of the machine, a variant with a head designed for processing materials by cutting.

Figure 3 is the same version with a head designed for processing materials by pressure.

Figure 4 - device for clamping the tool, a vertical section, the position of the parts at the time of tightening the jaws of the collet with a wrench.

Figure 5 is the same, a section along aa in figure 4.

6 is a device for clamping a tool, a vertical section, the position of the parts after removing the wrench.

Fig.7 is the same, a section along BB in Fig.6.

Fig. 8 is a wrench, a) a top view, b) a cross-section along EE in Fig. 8a.

Fig.9 - the machine in the storage or transportation position, a perspective view, the position of the machine nodes under the closed cover is shown in thin lines.

Figure 10 is the same, a top view.

11 is the same front view.

Fig - working head for processing materials by cutting with handles attached to it, side view.

13 is the same, view along arrow Q.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the portable multifunctional machine includes a table 1 for fastening the workpieces to be machined, having manual drives of longitudinal and lateral movement, a vertical rack 2, to which a working head 4 is connected via an arm 3. The head 4 has a kinematically coupled drive with means for attaching a technological tool. The design of the tool holder (option) is shown in Fig.4-8. The bracket 3 has a manual drive for vertical movement 5. In the part of the bracket 3 that covers the rack 2, a vertical section is made, provided with clamping screws 6 for securing the bracket in the required position on the rack 2. On the sides of the bracket 3 and on its cantilever end there are flat vertical surfaces in which annular T-shaped grooves are made. The working head 4 in the working position is attached to one of these flat surfaces by means of a cylindrical guide 7, which has, on the one hand, a longitudinal section with clamping screws 6, and on the other hand, a flange with holes in which bolts with heads located in ring T- are installed shaped grooves of one of the flat vertical surfaces of the bracket. The clamping screws 6 of the cylindrical guide 7 are designed to fix the head relative to the bracket 3, and the fastening of the cylindrical guide 7 to the bracket 3 by means of a flange with bolts whose heads are in the annular T-grooves of the bracket, allows the head 4 to be tilted to the required angle to the horizontal plane with subsequent fixation in this position.

The machine is equipped with a plate 8 attached to the table 1 with a cover 9 with shelves having side walls 10, a lock 11 and a handle 12. The cover 9 is hinged to the plate 8 so that when the machine is in the working position it (the cover) occupies a vertical position. The cover 9 is provided with two side shields, which are made in the form of kerchiefs 13. Each of the kerchiefs 13 is pivotally attached to the side wall 10 of the cover 9 and has a detachable (bolted) connection for fastening the kerchief 13 to the plate 8.

The cover 9 of the machine with side walls 10, shelves and side shields (kerchiefs 13) can be made of transparent shock-resistant material.

The machine can be equipped with a set of clamps (clamps) and supports 14, designed to attach the machine nodes to the plate when it is in the storage or transportation position (see Fig.9-11).

In an embodiment intended for processing materials by cutting (the first option), the working head 4 comprises means for fastening the technological tool W kinematically connected to the electric motor 15 by means of the gearbox 16 and the spindle 17, which is supported by bearings on the sleeve 19. The sleeve 19 is installed in a cylindrical guide 7 having a longitudinal section 20, and is equipped with a rack-and-pinion drive 18, designed to move the sleeve 19 along the cylindrical guide 7. A longitudinal section 20 about espechivaet possibility of tightening screws cylindrical guide hole 7 for fixing the sleeve 19 therein.

In the first embodiment, the tool for fastening the technological tool can be made in the form of the following clamping device (device for clamping the tool). The basis of the device is the housing 21.

The lower part of the housing 21 is hollow, a conical hole is made in it, in which the collet 22 is mounted. The upper part of the housing 21 can be connected to the machine spindle by means of a cone connection or can directly go into the spindle, forming a single, integral part with it. Note that in this description, the authors use the terms "top" and "bottom", describing the clamping device in relation to the vertical position of the working head. However, of course, the working head can be tilted to a horizontal plane and then the terms “top” and “bottom”, strictly speaking, must be replaced by the terms “tail” and “front” or “back” and “front”, respectively, without changing the essence of the described solution.

Collet 22 has a tapered outer surface corresponding to the surface of the conical hole of the housing 21. The housing 21 is supported by a bearing 23, which is installed in a special expanded part of the hole 24 made in the sleeve 19. A sleeve nut 25 is screwed onto the housing 21 from the side of the conical hole, having an outside portion 26 cylindrical surface, designed to cover the nut by hand with the aim of its rotation. Under the sleeve 19 there is a disk-shaped cam disk 27 with radially directed cams 28. On the lower end of the sleeve 19 there are hollows 29 corresponding to the cams 28 of the disk 27. The disk-shaped cam disk 27 is mounted on the housing 21 with axial movement relative to it and is spring-loaded with a compression spring 30, which covers the housing 21 at the level of the lower part of the sleeve 19. The device is equipped with a wrench 31 with jaws 32 (see Fig. 8). The sponges 32 of the wrench 31 have fixed and spring-loaded stops 33. On the upper part of the union nut 25 there are flats (working faces or planes) 34 designed to contact the flat faces of the sponges 32 of the wrench 31. The lower side of the cam disc 27 has a convex surface 35, which is intended to facilitate the installation of the jaws 32 of the key 31 on the flats 34 of the union nut 25. On the outer surface of the housing 21 there is a ledge 36, which serves as a support for the spring-loaded disk cam disc 27.

To bring the machine into working position, plate 8 is placed on any support, open the cover 9 and, attaching the edges of the scarf 13 to the plate 8, fix on the plate 8 a vertical rack 2 with an arm 3 and a working head 4. Adjustment operations are carried out in the usual sequence by moving and fixing the elements of the table 1, the bracket 3 and the working head 4.

A device for clamping a tool of a machine with a working head, made according to the first embodiment, operates as follows. Collet 22 is in the open state before operation. It does not experience pressure from the side of the walls of the conical bore of the housing 21, there may even be a small gap between the collet 22 and the housing 21. The sleeve 19 is fixed with clamping screws in the cylindrical guide 7. The tool shank W is inserted into the space between the separated lips of the collet 22. Then, by hand turning the union nut 25, select the gap between the collet 22 and the housing 21 and create some slight pressure from the side of the housing 21 on the jaws collets 22. Then follow the operations performed by a wrench 31. The wrench 31 is brought into a horizontal position and moved radially so that the upper part of the union nut 25 on which the flats 34 are located, turned out to be covered by the throat of the key 31. Then, the key is rotated around the axis of the device, thereby moving the nut 25 upward relative to the housing 21. In this case, the disk cam disc 27, carried away by the friction forces on the surfaces of the key 31 in contact with it, is rotated at the moment of coincidence of the cams 28 the disk 27 with depressions 29 at the end of the cup 24 moves upward, entering cams 28 into these depressions 29. At the same time, due to the fact that the sleeve 19 is fixed on the machine, the disk cam disc 27, and therefore the housing 21 of the clamping device Islands are secured against rotation relative to the machine (see. Figures 4 and 5). Due to this fixation, the union nut 25 is tightened with a wrench 31 to the required clamping force of the collet 22. We note here that the presence of the spring 30 allows the clamp to be smoothly selected, choosing the axial clearance between the cams 28 and the depressions 29. Then, the jaws 32 of the wrench 31 extend radially from cartridge, disk cam disc 27 under the action of the spring 30 is lowered to a distance sufficient to fully exit the cams 28 of the disc 27 from the depressions 29 at the end of the sleeve 19 (the extreme lower position of the cam disc is determined by the ledge 36 on the outer surface of the housing 21). The clamping device with the tool W clamped in the jaws of the collet 22 is ready to use.

To expand the jaws of the collet 22, if necessary, remove the tool W from the device again move the key 31 towards the axis of the chuck so that the flats 34 of the nut 25 are covered by the throat of the key 31, and by turning the handle of the key 31 in the opposite direction than when clamping, release the collet jaws 22 from pressure from the side of the surface of the conical hole of the housing 21. The tool W is removed from the collet. The clamping device is again ready for the clamping operation of another tool.

In addition to the above, in the first embodiment, the working head can be further provided with handles 37 and 38 (see Figs. 12 and 13), which are made of plastic and equipped with detachable fasteners to the head. The handle 37 is designed to be fixed on the upper end of the head, and the handle 38 is on the sleeve 19.

If it is necessary to carry out work in places where it is impossible to bring a tool due to the surface shape of the workpieces, the head sleeve is removed from the cylindrical guide 7, the arms 37 and 38 are attached (for example, using screws) to the end face of the head and the sleeve and carry out the necessary technological operations (drilling, grinding, etc.), holding with the help of these handles the working head 4 extracted from the cylindrical guide 7.

In the case of the second embodiment, the working head 44 comprises a rod (rod) 39 installed in the cylindrical guide 7. The upper end of the rod 39 is connected to the drive handle 40 by means of worm and screw pairs 41 and 42, respectively. The nut of the screw pair 41, which is the axial part of the worm wheel, is fixed by means of a detachable connection on the upper end of the cylindrical guide 7 with the possibility of rotation. For example, the nut of the screw pair 41 can be supported by an angular contact bearing screwed to the upper part of the cylindrical guide 7. The lower end of the rod 40 has means 43 (screw, wedge, etc. detachable joints) for attaching tools for processing materials to it pressure. Movable parts of dies, extruders, scissors, and the like may be attached to the rod 39. The fixed parts of the said deformation tools are placed on the table 1.

In the process of work for installation (auxiliary) operations, use a screw mechanism 5 for vertical movement of the bracket and drives longitudinal and transverse movement of the table 1. Before the working stroke of the rod 39, the bracket 3 is fixed on a vertical rack 2 using screws 6. The working stroke is carried out by rotating the handle 40.

The invention was implemented in prototypes. The practice of the trial operation of the proposed machine showed that the possibility of using a single machine base (i.e. equipped with a plate cover with a table stand, bracket and a cylindrical guide) for two versions of the working heads in conjunction with the possibility of using the working head (according to the first version) with with its handle for carrying out technological operations in hard-to-reach places significantly expands the functionality of the proposed technical solution. The use of an original clamping device for attaching a cutting tool allows the machine to be made lighter and more compact, and also greatly simplifies and speeds up commissioning operations. The supply of the machine with a plate with a hinged lid provides ease of storage and transportation of the machine, and the vertical position of the cover with side shields attached to the cover and plate protects others from shavings, splashes, etc. negative influences during the operation of the machine.

Especially effective is the use of a cover and side shields made of transparent and shock-resistant material. This not only facilitates the work of the maintenance staff, but also allows the demonstration of technological processes in the training laboratory.

Thus, the implementation of the invention showed the possibility of achieving the expected technical result, namely the expansion of functionality while increasing ease of use and improving working conditions.

Claims (10)

1. A portable multifunctional machine containing a horizontal table for attaching workpieces, a vertical stand and a working head with a drive kinematically connected with a tool for fastening a technological tool, characterized in that the table is equipped with manual drives for longitudinal and transverse movement, the vertical stand is made in the form of a cylindrical the rod on which the bracket is installed, equipped with a manual drive for vertical movement and means of fixation on the rack in the necessary position and, on the bracket, flat surfaces with annular T-shaped grooves are arranged vertically and at right angles to one another, the working head is connected to the bracket by means of a cylindrical sliding guide having, on one side, a longitudinal section with clamping screws, and on the other hand, a flange with holes in which the bolts are installed, the flange is in contact with one of the flat vertical surfaces of the bracket, while the bolt heads are in annular T-grooves, the machine is equipped with attached to the table and to a vertical rack with a plate with a cover having side walls, shelves, a lock and a handle, the cover is pivotally attached to the plate so that after preparing the machine for operation, it occupies a vertical position, while the cover is provided with two side shields made in the form of scarves, each of which it is pivotally attached to the side wall of the lid and has a detachable connection for fastening to the plate and fixing the lid in a vertical position. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the machine cover with side walls, its shelves and side shields are made of transparent material, resistant to impact. 3. The machine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a set of clamps and supports designed to attach the machine parts to the plate when the machine is in the storage or transportation position. 4. The machine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the edges of the shelves of the machine cover are provided with soft gaskets and have recesses corresponding in shape and size to the machine nodes placed under the cover on a horizontal plate during storage or transportation. 5. The machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the working head is equipped with an electric motor, and the means contained in the working head for fastening the technological tool used in the processing of materials by cutting are kinematically connected to the electric motor by means of a gearbox and a spindle, which is supported by bearings on a sleeve installed in a cylindrical sliding guide and equipped with a manual drive with rack and pinion gear designed to move the sleeve in a cylindrical guide her. 6. The machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for fastening the technological tool used in the processing of material by cutting is made in the form of a clamping device comprising a housing with a conical hole made in the lower end of the housing, a collet mounted in a conical hole in the housing, union nut with flanges for a wrench screwed onto the lower end of the housing mounted on the housing with axial movement and a spring-loaded disk cam disc with a radial located on its circumference On the directions of the cams, while the lower end of the liner recesses corresponding cams spring-loaded poppet cam plate and the lower side of the plate cam plate is convex downward, the clamping device is provided with a wrench mounted with its spring-loaded jaws stops. 7. The machine according to PP.5 and 6, characterized in that the machine is equipped with a set of tools for processing materials by cutting, containing drills, cutters, taps, thread-cutting heads, burs for engraving, grinding and polishing wheels. 8. The machine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the working head contains a rod designed for installation in a cylindrical sliding guide, the upper end of the rod is connected to the drive handle by means of worm and screw pairs, and the lower end has means for fastening workers to it bodies in the form of interchangeable tools for processing materials by pressure, while the nut of the screw pair is placed inside the worm wheel coaxially with the cylindrical guide and mounted on its upper end with the possibility of rotation. 9. The machine of claim 8, characterized in that it is equipped with a set of interchangeable tools for processing materials by pressure, containing stamps for volume and sheet stamping, die-cutting and bending stamps, extruders, scissors and press plates. 10. The machine according to PP.5-7, characterized in that the working head of the machine is additionally equipped with two handles made of plastic, having means of detachable fastening to the head, one handle is designed for fastening to the end of the upper part of the working head, and the other for fastening to the sleeve of the working head.

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