RU2260577C2 - Usage of 1,2-dibuthyldithioethane as a simulator of 2,2-dichlorinediethylsulfide (yperite) for training troops to conduct combat actions in environment of chemical contamination by yperite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: simulators of toxic agents to train troops personnel to conduct combat actions in environment of chemical contamination by yperite.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to simulators of toxic agents, in particular, to the blistering effect toxic agents. The invention offers to use 1,2-dibutylditthioethane as the simulator of 2,2-dichlorinediethylsulfide (yperite) to train troops to conduct operations in environment of chemical contamination by yperite. The invention is intended for development of an universal and safe simulator of yperite, allowing to fulfill all the tasks on training troops personnel to conduct combat operations in environment of chemical contamination by yperite and ensuring actuation of detectors of chemical reconnaissance and a degassing using standard compositions.

EFFECT: the invention allows to train troops personnel to conduct combat operations in environment of chemical contamination, ensures actuation of detectors of chemical reconnaissance, degassing by standard compositions.

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Description

The use of 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane as a simulator of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (mustard gas) for training troops in military operations under conditions of chemical poisoning with mustard gas

The invention relates to simulators of toxic substances (OV), in particular skin-narcotic toxic substances (KNOV), namely, to the use of 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane (I) as a simulator of 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (II) in the training of troops.

Chemical contamination simulation tools are used to train military personnel in practical skills of working with chemical reconnaissance devices, to overcome infected areas, and to carry out the degassing of defense equipment, weapons and military equipment.

Used to date, simulators of OM, designed to infect the area, weapons, military equipment and skin protection, are a mixture of neutral substances (fillers) with substances that have a strong irritating effect on the body (chloropicrin, chloroacetophenone). These compounds irritate the mucous membrane of the eyes and human skin, which determines the need to use personal protective equipment, trained personnel, while in the infection zone. At the same time, such formulations do not cause a similar OM analytical effect and, therefore, cannot be used in training personnel in working with chemical reconnaissance and control devices.

The literature contains information about the search for KNOV simulators used in the development and testing of protective equipment, indicators and control, special processing equipment.

Thus, 2-chloroethylphenyl sulfide [Harris J.M., McManus S.P. is used as a spectral analogue of mustard gas when working out issues of evaluating production control systems, indications and monitoring, and also to evaluate the behavior of mustard gas in reactions with alkali metal phenolates in aprotic solvents]. Nucleofilic decontamination agents. Alabama Univ. in Huntsville. AD-A263 / 858/3, 1993, p. 9]. The disadvantages of this simulator include a solid state of aggregation, which does not allow them to simulate the indication and reaction properties of mustard gas in the gas phase.

2-Chloroethyl methyl sulfide is used in modeling reactions of mustard gas with derivatives of sodium benzaldoximate in pure dimethyl sulfoxide and its aqueous solution [Zutant S.E., McManus S.P. Kinetics of chloroetyl metyl sulfide and sodium bensaldoximate derivatives in DMSO and water // Proc. of the 1994 ERDEC. Sci. Conf. Chem. and Def. Res., 15-18 Nov. 1994. - 1996. P.861-865]. The main disadvantage of this simulator is its high (II hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007-76) toxicity.

The same drawback is also characteristic of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide used in studying the reactivity of mustard gas, during commissioning and evaluating the effectiveness of neutralization systems (main technological units and purification systems for gases), as well as modeling the behavior of mustard gas in microemulsions [Menger P.M., Elrington A.R. Rapid deactivation of mustard via microemulsion technology // J.Am. Chem. Soc., 1990. V.112. Number 22. P.8201-8203], when modeling the processes of penetration of mustard droplets through protective materials [Wilde A.F., Gulliani D., McHugh E. Sci. Conf. Chem. and Biol. Def. Res., 15-18 Nov. 1994-1996. P.311-333].

The closest object to the claimed invention is 2-chloroethyl butyl sulfide (III), which, according to the literature, most closely models the physicochemical, physical and chemical properties of mustard gas [Patent for the invention No. 2162077 C2. The use of β (chloroethyl) butyl sulfide as a simulator of β, β'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide / Alimov N.I., Kuchinsky E.V., Gormay V.V. and etc.].

However, this compound, along with satisfactory modeling of the physicochemical properties of mustard gas, is characterized by rather high toxicity (hazard class II) and high permeability through skin protection products, which significantly reduces the area of its possible use and imposes high requirements on the qualifications of personnel working with it. At the same time, KNOV simulators used for training the personnel of the troops should, first of all, ensure the maximum level of safety for the personnel and the environment.

Thus, it can be noted that at present there is no universal and safe mustard simulator for training military personnel in combat operations in the conditions of chemical infection.

An object of the invention is the development of a universal and safe mustard simulator that allows you to perform all the tasks of training troops in combat operations in a chemical infection.

This task is achieved by using formulations based on an organic filler and an active component that simulates mustard gas. As an active ingredient, it is proposed to use 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane (I). As an organic filler to create a homogeneous composition, it is proposed to use affordable, cheap, safe, easily recyclable organic solvents.

In general terms, the criteria for choosing the composition of the simulation formulation can be formulated as follows:

- the presence of an indication effect (triggering of chemical reconnaissance devices);

- degassing by staff, designed for the degassing of weapons and military equipment;

- homogeneity of the composition;

- cost characteristics of the composition.

When choosing compounds acceptable for these purposes, first of all, it is necessary to focus on the presence of an indication effect.

Based on 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane (I) and 2-chloroethyl butyl sulfide (III), formulations were prepared containing 10% of the active substance and 90% of diesel fuel as a filler. The studied formulations were homogeneous compositions. Diesel fuel as a filler was proposed in connection with its low cost, safety and widespread use in the daily activities of the troops.

These formulations were investigated on the indicator elements of chemical reconnaissance devices. The research results are presented in the table.

Table - Test results of simulation formulations on the indicator elements of chemical reconnaissance devices (control - mustard gas) Formulation (1 mg / L concentration) Display element IT 36 IPE CH ₃ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ SCH ₂ CH ₂ SCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃
(I) - 10 vol.%,
diesel fuel - about. 90% "Danger" ", difference with control 0.5 min "Dangerously" ClCH ₂ CH ₂ SCH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃
(III) - about. 10%,
diesel fuel - about. 90% "Dangerous", difference with control 1 min "Dangerously"

The data obtained indicate that the most acceptable results were obtained for formulations based on 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane (I). Toxicological studies of the developed formulation showed that it belongs to the third class of toxicity (LD ₅₀ = 398.11 mg / kg intravenously, white mice;> 500 mg / kg orally, white mice), which allows it to be used in training personnel.

The proposed simulation formulation based on 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane (I) can be used to solve all the problems of training personnel in combat operations in conditions of chemical mustard gas contamination.

Claims (1)

The use of 1,2-dibutyl dithiaethane as a mustard simulator for training troops in military operations under conditions of chemical mustard infection.