RU2259019C1 - Access control system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: private property protection technologies.

SUBSTANCE: each block with protected flats has call block, and each protected flat - inner communication phone and first control panel, connected through duplex communication channel to keyboard-equipped selection block, included with appropriate call block. The latter also has observation video camera, lighting block, microphone, dynamic, presence detector, access control block, made with possible temporary unlocking of block door lock and indication of operation modes of call block using an indicator. Service room of flat block has system control block with microcontroller and service inner phone, connected to duplex communication channel with microcontroller. In some protected flats information displays are mounted and second control panels, connected to duplex communication channel. System control block has symbolic keyboard, service display, video memory block, video digital converter, image analysis block ad solving block. System is used for recognition if images of inhabitants of protected flats.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, broader functional capabilities.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for protecting protected real estate from unauthorized persons, in particular to access control and management systems (ACS), and is intended to limit access to residential multi-apartment buildings with several entrances.

One of the most common varieties of access control systems are devices known as “code panels” that restrict access to certain internal rooms of residential buildings, offices and other real estate objects.

For example, the article "New Technologies in the Production of Code Panels" ("Security Systems" magazine, April-May, 2004, p. 83) describes the SKP-8 code panel, introduced to the ACS market by SEAN (Russia). SKP-8 code panel is characterized by the following features:

- the choice of the type of lock (electromechanical or electromagnetic) is carried out programmatically from the keyboard of the code panel;

- light and sound indications of operating modes are used;

- the delay time for opening the door can be changed programmatically (from 1 to 33 s);

- in low light conditions, the keyboard backlight of the code panel is automatically turned on;

- the number of user codes stored is large enough (more than one thousand).

The main advantages of code panels, due to which these devices are widely used, are their simplicity and low cost. However, the code panels only make it difficult for people who do not have permanent access to them to enter the guarded premises, but they do not prevent this access. As a rule, people who want to go to the indicated premises (among which there may be intruders) sooner or later find out the secret access code, after which the code panel is no longer an obstacle for them.

To control the access of visitors from the street (for example, to a cottage where one family lives, whose members we will call "users"), they use intercoms. Moreover, in recent years, video intercoms, that is, intercoms with an integrated video camera, have been gaining more and more popularity (for example, a review in the Security Systems magazine, June-July 2004, p.90, 91, the article Digital Video Intercom from the Tsifral company in the Systems magazine security ", December 2003 - January 2004, p.66, 67). The video intercom works as follows. When the visitor presses the call button, a melodic sound signal sounds in the user's video monitor and the image of the visitor obtained from the cameras of the corresponding door unit of the call The user opens the door of the cottage with which the call came in with the access control button (if the cottage has several entrance doors, for example, front and black). Before opening the door, the user can talk with the visitor using the intercom telephone. the handset of the intercom telephone is off-hook, the video monitor is automatically switched off.If there is no user response (pressing the access control button or picking up the handset of the intercom telephone i) disabling the monitor will take some time (90 seconds).

However, it is impossible to use such video on-door speakerphones in residential multi-apartment buildings with several entrances. They do not solve two main problems:

- how the passage to the house of the residents of those apartments, inside which there is not a single person, should be organized;

- How to pay residents of apartments using a video intercom.

To solve the first of these problems, in practice, they either add on-door speakerphones (or video on-door speakerphones) with code panels or supplement the entrance door with a mechanical lock, when unlocked, it is possible to pass through the entrance door, and all residents of this entrance are provided with keys to this lock. Both solutions to this problem cannot be considered successful. The mechanical addition of a code panel to the doorphone endows the doorphone with the aforementioned drawback of the code panel - an attacker who has decided to enter a secure room will sooner or later find out the code necessary to open the front door and overcome this security line, despite the presence of the doorphone. The use of a mechanical lock is even worse, since there are many keys to it. An attacker can easily steal or ask for a temporary use such a key to copy it.

Even more complicated is the issue of payment. At any moment, a scandal may flare up over this: why, they say, our apartment should pay as much as the next one pays, if much fewer guests come to us. The periodic occurrence of such scandals makes it difficult to deploy intercom ACS.

Deployment of video on-door speakerphone access control systems in a residential apartment building leads to even greater scandals. Such access control systems include, for example, the Cyfral video intercom, equipped with a Cyfral-Vision video monitor and a Cyfral V-1 microprocessor door call unit with a VD-120 modular video camera, the characteristics of which are given on the Tsifral website www.cyfral.ru.

Residents must pay a higher amount for using a video intercom than paying for using a doorphone, and many may not like this. And to build an access control system differentiated by the equipment of apartments with differentiated payment depending on this can be economically unprofitable.

A successful technical solution of differentiated equipment by means of access control systems for apartments in a residential multi-apartment building with differentiated payment for use is an access control system described in patent EP No. 0767571, N 04 M 11/02. This ACS is a prototype of the present invention.

The technical solution described in this patent is an ACS, containing a call block in each of the entrances of a residential building with guarded apartments, and in each of the protected apartments there is an intercom telephone and a first control panel, as well as a duplex communication channel through which each of the intercom phones communication and each of the first control panels are connected to a selection unit, which is part of the corresponding call unit, which also contains a surveillance camera and a microphone connected to the corresponding signal inputs I will give a selection unit, the control input of which is connected to the output of the call keypad to which the communication button is connected, and the outputs of the selection unit are connected, respectively, to the speaker and to the access control unit, which is capable of temporarily unlocking the entrance door lock and indicating the operating modes of the call unit with using an indicator connected to the access control unit, and the ACS includes a system control unit located in the office building of a residential building with a microcontroller connected to a duplex channel communications, and in some of the set of flats protected information displays, video input of each of which is connected to a duplex communication channel.

In this ACS, information displays, on the screens of which residents of protected apartments see an image of the visitor’s face, can, in principle, be installed in any protected apartment. However, the actual installation of the information display is carried out only at the request of the residents of the apartment, if they agree to pay for the installation and pay an additional fee for using the information display. In addition, in a residential multi-apartment building there is an office room in which a system control unit is installed, in the microcontroller of which the duration of the dialogue between visitors and residents of each apartment is fixed, as well as the number of openings of the entrance door. The longer the time between the payments for using the ACS was the total duration of the dialogue between residents and visitors, the more you have to pay. Moreover, time-based payments in apartments with installed information displays are higher than in apartments where these information displays are not available. Similarly, payment is greater the more times the tenants have used an access control unit to unlock the entrance door lock. Upon receipt of a full listing of the actions to be paid, it becomes completely clear to the residents, for what and how much they should pay.

However, the problems arising in connection with the unlocking of the entrance doors for residents of the house in whose apartments there is currently no one, and this ACS is far from completely solved. These problems are solved by introducing office premises in the house (one office building for several entrances). Inside one of these office rooms the system control unit is located. The ACS equipment in the office building (except for the system control unit) is completely similar to the equipment of the guarded apartment in which the information display is installed. A concierge is continuously located inside the office. If there is no one in any guarded apartment, then at the entrance to the entrance the tenants of such an apartment dial a code for communication with the office premises, and the concierge, who should know in the face of all those living in several entrances, opens the entrance door using his first control panel. In addition, the concierge should know in person and those who come to the house for official needs: a cleaning lady, a postman, an elevator repairman and others.

The work of the concierge is very time-consuming, and the more the concierge serves the porches of the house, the more difficult his work. In addition, no one pays for the duration of the dialogue between the tenants and the concierge. And such a payment procedure can lead to an even greater load of concierge. In Russia, unlike Western Europe, people, regardless of their financial situation, are prone to petty savings. They will quickly realize that for residents of an apartment it is absolutely not necessary to dial a code for contacting their apartment. Such treatment when paying for the use of access control systems will cost several extra cents. It is much more profitable to dial a concierge code, even when there are a lot of residents inside the apartment. The concierge still knows each of the tenants in person and will open the porch door "for free." All these are the disadvantages of the known ACS.

The present invention addresses these drawbacks.

The subject of the invention is an ACS, containing a call block in each of the entrances of a residential building with guarded apartments, and in each of the protected apartments - an intercom telephone and a first control panel, as well as a duplex communication channel through which each of the intercom phones and each of the first control panels are connected to the selection unit, which is part of the corresponding call unit, which also contains a surveillance camera and a microphone connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the selection unit, a control input it is connected to the output of the call keypad, to which the communication button is connected, and the outputs of the selection unit are connected, respectively, to the speaker and to the access control unit, configured to temporarily unlock the entrance door lock and indicate the operation modes of the call unit using an indicator connected to the unit access control, and the access control system includes a system control unit located in the office building of a residential building with a microcontroller connected to a duplex communication channel, and in some of the protected of apartments, information displays are installed, the video input of each of which is connected to a duplex communication channel - in this case, a service internal telephone connected to a duplex communication channel is included in the equipment of the office premises; equipment of those protected apartments in which information displays are installed, second panels are introduced controls connected to a duplex communication channel; an alphanumeric keypad, a service display, and a serial e-memory, a video digitizer, an image analysis unit and a decision unit, the video memory unit being connected to a microcontroller, the control inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the alphanumeric keyboard and the decision unit, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the image analysis unit and the service display, each of the call blocks, a backlight unit and a presence sensor are introduced, the input of which is connected to the duplex communication channel, and the output is connected to the inputs of the backlight unit and the surveillance camera and to the duplex a communication channel to which a surveillance video camera and a call keypad are also connected.

Private significant features of the proposed technical solutions are as follows.

The image analysis unit contains a video template storage unit, the control input of which is the control input of the image analysis unit, and a background rejection unit, the input of which is the signal input of the image analysis unit, the loop detector and the frame generation unit, the output of which is connected to the signal input of the video template storage unit and to the first input of the comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the video template storage unit, and the output is the output of the analysis unit d.

The surveillance camera lens has a pin-hole design.

The objective of the invention is the creation on the basis of a video entry phone ACS with intelligence elements, allowing to provide the opportunity for a limited circle of people to pass through the entrance door into a guarded house:

- or visitors who know the code for contacting a particular apartment - in the case when there is a tenant in the apartment, allowing passage through the entrance door;

- or residents of the apartment and their proxies. At the same time, the passage of these persons through the entrance door should occur both in the presence and in the absence of any of the residents inside the guarded apartment.

Created ACS should provide at the same time a higher level of protection of the guarded house from unauthorized entry, in comparison with the prototype.

The technical result provided consists in the use of video information obtained by a surveillance camera for automatic identification of a tenant of a guarded apartment. The technical result provided is due to the successes achieved in recent years in the digital image processing technique, which allows biometric identification by facial features of each tenant of the protected apartment (and each of his authorized representatives). Due to this, the proposed access control system allows you to significantly expand the scope of intercom access control systems.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figures 1-3.

Figure 1 presents the General structural diagram of the proposed ACS.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of one of the components of the proposed ACS - system control unit.

Figure 3 presents the structural diagram of the block image analysis, which is one of the components shown in figure 2 of the system control unit.

1-3, the following notation is used: 1 — presence detector; 2 - call block; 3 - surveillance camera; 4 - backlight unit; 5 - duplex communication channel; 6 - microcontroller; 7 - system control unit; 8 - service display; 9 - call keyboard; 10 - communication button; 11 - block selection; 12 - telephone intercom; 13 - information display; 14 - speaker; 15 - microphone; 16 - the first control panel; 17 - access control unit; 18 - indicator; 19 is a block of video memory; 20 - office internal telephone; 21 - alphanumeric keyboard; 22 - video digitizer; 23 - block image analysis; 24 - block notch background; 25 - loop detector; 26 - block forming frames; 27 is a comparison block; 28 - block storage of video templates; 29 - a crucial unit; 30 - second control panel.

The proposed access control system (Fig. 1) is intended for deployment inside a residential multi-apartment building, in which a special office space is allocated for the on-duty workstation (in this access control system it is not entirely correct to call it a concierge). Attendants are employees engaged in direct work with the proposed ACS. In this case, one of the persons on duty should be continuously inside the office building.

Each of the protected apartments is equipped with a first control panel 16 and an intercom telephone 12. And each of the entrances of a residential apartment building in which an ACS is deployed is equipped with a call block 2 installed outside the house at the entrance to the entrance door. The call block 2 contains a presence sensor 1, the output of which is connected to the inputs of the surveillance camera 3 and the backlight unit 4. The backlight unit 4 includes a light sensor and an additional lamp, the backlight area of which covers the field of view of the lens of the surveillance camera 3. In this case, the lens of the surveillance camera 3 has a pin-hole design.

This lens design is a special optical system in which the rays are focused at a point located outside the lens (lens with a remote entrance pupil). The pin-hole lens design is vandal proof and contains several lenses selected so that the plane of the diaphragm aperture coincides with the entrance pupil located in front of the front lens of the lens. This makes it possible to use an inlet (0.8-2) mm in diameter for such a video camera, which can be easily masked in the front panel of the call block 2 or in the building structures of the entrance door of the entrance (Security Systems magazine, December 2003 - January 2004 p.66).

The access control unit 17 included in the call block 2 is configured to briefly unlock the entrance door of the entrance. In addition to the access control unit 17, the call unit 2 includes a speaker 14, a microphone 15, a call keyboard 9 equipped with a communication button 10, a select unit 11 and an indicator 18, which, in the simplest case, is a two-color light indicator (for example, red green LED L-3WEGW), equipped with control circuits.

Block 11 selection is a standard switching circuit, which is controlled using the keyboard 9 call. Additionally, a timer is included in the selection block 11. In this case, the selection block 11 is configured to connect the equipment of the protected apartments via the duplex communication channel 5 to the corresponding blocks included in the call block 2. In particular, through the block 11 selection:

- the first control panel 16 is connected to the access control unit 17;

- the communication button 10 is connected to the telephone 12 of the internal communication (via the call keyboard 9);

- the microphone 14 is connected to the telephone 12 intercom;

- telephone 12 intercom connected to the speaker 15.

The structure of the automated workplace of the duty officer includes a service internal telephone 20 and a system control unit 7. An internal internal telephone 20 is configured to connect a person on duty with any of the apartments of a residential apartment building in which the proposed ACS is deployed, as well as with a call unit 2 installed in any of the entrances of the house. At the same time, communications of the official internal telephone 20 are carried out via the duplex communication channel 5.

The composition of the system control unit 7 (Fig. 2) includes a microcontroller 6, equipped with a service display 8 and an alphanumeric keypad 21. The service display 8 is controlled by a microcontroller 6 and is used to demonstrate video information to the duty officer. Using the alphanumeric keyboard 21, the attendant can control the operation of the microcontroller 6. The system control unit 7 also includes series-connected blocks: a video memory unit 19, a video digitizer 22, an image analysis unit 23 and a decision unit 29. The microcontroller 6 is connected to the video memory unit 19. The corresponding output of the microcontroller 6 is connected to the control input of the image analysis unit 23. The output of the decision unit 29 is connected to the corresponding control input of the microcontroller 6. In this case, the microcontroller 6 is configured to transmit video information via the duplex communication channel 5 to any of the information displays 13 that some of the protected apartments are equipped with.

Naturally, information displays 13 can only be installed in those apartments whose tenants agree to pay for both installing the information display 13 in their apartment and using it. At the same time, information displays 13 are made with the additional possibility of connecting via a duplex communication channel 5 through the corresponding selection unit 11 to the surveillance video camera 3, in order to provide residents of this guarded apartment with the opportunity to see the video image of the visitor's face. To use the information display 13, the guarded apartment is equipped with a second control panel 30, which allows transmitting the control commands of the microcontroller 6, which is part of the system control unit 7, over the duplex communication channel 5.

The image analysis unit 23 (Fig. 3), also included in the system control unit 7, comprises a video template storage unit 28, the control input of which is the control input of the image analysis unit 23. The image analysis unit 23 also includes a series-connected background rejection unit 24, the input of which is the signal input of the image analysis unit 23, the loop detector 25 and the frame formation unit 26. The output of the frame forming unit 26 is connected to the signal input of the video template storage unit 28 and to the first input of the comparison unit 27, the second input of which is connected to the output of the video template storage unit 28, and the output is the output of the image analysis unit 23.

An example of the practical implementation of the call block 2 (without the presence sensor 1, without the select block 11 and without the call keypad 9) and the system control unit 7 (without the chain "video memory block 19 - video digitizer 22 - image analysis block 23 - decision block 29") is the above Cyfral video doorphone company "Digital" (www.cvfral.rn). The same company mass-produces 9 call keyboards (CYFRAL CD-96, CD-96/1), the characteristics of which are also given on the above site. As the surveillance camera 3, one of the modern portable cameras equipped with a vandal-resistant pin-hole lens, characterized by a high degree of miniaturization, reliable operation and resistance to external influences, can be used. Detailed information about such cameras is presented, for example, on the websites of the COMCOM Electronics company www.comcom.ru and the international CCTV magazine www.cctvfocus.ru.

As a presence sensor 1, for example, infrared motion sensors widely used in fire alarm systems can be used ("Handbook of Engineering and Technical Workers and Electricians of Technical Equipment for Fire Alarm", section 3, Moscow, GUVO MVD Russia, 1997) .

The chain "video memory block 19 - video digitizer 22 - image analysis block 23 - decision block 29" included in the system control unit 7 is used:

- in modern digital image processing systems, in particular in systems of virtual data input into a computer (for example, US patent No. 54454043, G 06 K 9/00, application GB No. 2345538, G 06 F 3/00);

- in pattern recognition systems (for example, Promotional materials of the ROSSI concern: “ZN Technologies face recognition system”, “POTOK” computer recognition system for car numbers and others (www.cctv.ru):

- in biometric identification systems by facial features. One of such systems, the ZN-SmartEye Compact biometric identification system, successfully passed demonstration tests and trial operation in the Moscow Metro in early 2004, showing a high (0.96) recognition probability and a low (0.057) probability of false positive when entering face images from a surveillance camera, as well as a high degree of resistance to changes in the appearance of a recognizable person (applying a mustache, wearing a headdress with a large visor, glasses, etc.). Moreover, these experimental results were obtained under much more stringent conditions than required for the implementation of the present invention.

Thus, the possibility of practical implementation of the proposed access control system and obtaining high probability recognition characteristics with its help is not in doubt.

An indispensable condition for the operation of this ACS is the choice for each of the apartments of a residential apartment building in which the ACS is installed, two special codes:

- communication code (which any visitor to this apartment should know);

- a secret access code (which should be known only to the residents of this apartment and their proxies, who can enter the apartment in the absence of its residents).

The proposed ACS works as follows.

Let us first consider the moment when a visitor approaches the entrance door to one of the house’s entrances, heading to the apartment he knows, to one of the tenants. Such a visitor must know the communication code selected for the apartment known to him.

Approaching the entrance door of the entrance, the visitor falls into the coverage area of the presence sensor 1, which is part of the call unit 2, installed next to the entrance door of the entrance (or directly on it). The presence sensor 1 is triggered, and the signal from its output is fed to the inputs of the surveillance video camera 3 and the backlight unit 4, and also via the duplex communication channel 5 is fed to the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7 located in the office building. The microcontroller 6 fixes the time of inclusion of the presence sensor 1 in the corresponding entrance. By the signal of the presence sensor 1, the surveillance video camera 3 is turned on, and in the backlight unit 4, the light sensor is turned on. If this light sensor shows that for the normal operation of the surveillance camera 3 there is not enough lighting, then the backlight unit 4 turns on an additional lamp in the backlight area (for example, infrared light imperceptible to the visitor). The backlight area overlaps the field of view of the camera 3 observation. The video image of the visitor’s face through the duplex communication channel 5 is sent to the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7 and is displayed on the service display 8 accompanied by service information about the on time of the presence sensor 1 in the corresponding entrance. The visitor dials the communication code of the apartment he knows on the call keyboard 9 and presses the communication button 10. The communication code dialed by him is reset on the call keypad 9 (so that the following code can be dialed), but is transmitted to the call block 11 and through the duplex communication channel 5 enters the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7. The communication code supplements the service information about the visitor and is displayed on the screen of the service display 8.

The communication code selection block 11 establishes, through the duplex communication channel 5, the connection of the call block 2 with the corresponding guarded apartment and starts the countdown of the communication time. In this guarded apartment, the sound of the telephone 12 of the intercom. If the guarded apartment is equipped with an information display 13, the image of the visitor’s face is transmitted from the output of the surveillance camera 3 through the selection unit 11 via the duplex communication channel 5 to the information display 13 and a video image of the visitor’s face can be seen on its screen in the corresponding guarded apartment.

After the audible signal of the intercom telephone 12 is turned on, the tenant in the apartment can either pick up the phone or for some reason not pick it up during the set communication time (all tenants may be absent in the apartment or, for example, tenants can sleep soundly). Consider both options.

If the tenant picks up the telephone of the intercom telephone 12, then the selection unit 11 stops the countdown of the communication time, and the visitor hears the tenant's voice through the speaker 14 connected to the intercom telephone 12 via the duplex communication channel 5 through the selection unit 11. In turn, the visitor’s answers through the microphone 15 and the selection unit 11 via the duplex communication channel 5 are received on the intercom telephone 12, and the tenant should hear them. As a result of the dialogue between the visitor and the tenant of the protected apartment (supplemented - if the apartment has an information display 13 - with the image of the visitor's face), the tenant comes to a decision on the admission of the visitor or on refusal of admission. After that, the tenant using the first control panel 16 submits to the call block 2 either an admission command or a denial of admission command. An access denial command may be given if, for example, the tenant to whom the visitor was directed was absent in the apartment.

When the visitor is admitted through the duplex communication channel 5 through the selection unit 11, an admission command is received in the access control unit 17, by which the access control unit 17 unlocks the entrance door of the entrance door for a set period of time and turns on the indicator 18 in green for this period of time. The visitor can go through the front door of the staircase inside the house.

If access is denied via the duplex communication channel 5 through the selection unit 11, an access denial command is received to the access control unit 17, through which the access control unit 17 turns on the indicator 18 in red. The visitor must leave.

The admission command or the denial of admission command disables the selection unit 11, and the communication of the call unit 2 with this guarded apartment is interrupted. In addition, the admission command or the denial of admission command via the duplex communication channel 5 is supplied to the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7. In the microcontroller 6, the moment the command is received is fixed. The video image of the visitor is stored in the block 19 of the video memory accompanied by official information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- about the dialed communication code (that is, about the apartment the visitor intended to enter);

- the duration of use of the call block 2 (the time interval between the activation of the presence sensor 1 and the moment the tenant issues the admission command or the admission denial command);

- about whether the visitor was allowed inside the house (which team the tenant gave: the admission team or the refusal team).

Consider now the option when the tenant does not pick up the telephone 12 intercom. In this case, the selection unit 11 after the end of the interval of the set communication time (by the operation of the internal timer) disables the call unit 2 from the duplex communication channel 5. In this case, the selection unit 11 acts on the access control unit 17, and this unit turns on the indicator 18 in red for a certain period of time. The visitor must leave.

The on mode of the indicator 18 in this case may differ from its inclusion in case of denial of access, for example, the indicator 18 may blink, and not light up in constant red. When the call block 2 is disconnected from the duplex communication channel 5, the command for such disconnection is transmitted via the duplex communication channel 5 to the microcontroller 6. The video image of the visitor’s face is stored in the video memory block 19 accompanied by service information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- The dialed communication code (that is, the apartment the visitor intended to enter);

- about the receipt of the command to disable the block 2 calls.

Telephone 12 intercom, in principle, can be equipped with an answering machine. In this case, the visitor may leave a message for one of the tenants within the specified communication time period. However, the presence or absence of an answering machine on the telephone 12 intercom does not apply to the subject of this patent.

The subject of the invention relates only to the fact that visitor data remains in the block 19 of the video memory.

We consider two identical cases below:

- a visitor comes to the front door to one of the entrances of the house, who presses the communication button 10 without first typing the communication code with the apartment (or by typing the wrong communication code);

- Near the front door for a long time there is a person who does not press the communication button 10.

Since this visitor must fall into the coverage of the presence sensor 1, then, as was shown above, the light sensor of the illumination unit 4 and the video camera 3 should turn on. After that, the video image of the visitor’s face through the duplex communication channel 5 enters the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7 and is displayed on the service display 8 accompanied by service information about the on time of the presence sensor 1 in the corresponding entrance. After pressing the communication button 10 in the absence of the dialed valid communication code (or for a long time without pressing the communication button 10), the selection unit 11 connects the speaker 14 and microphone 15 via the duplex communication channel 5 to the office internal telephone 20 located in the office building of the person on duty.

The connection of the speaker 14 and the microphone 15 to the official internal telephone 20 may be preceded by any specific preliminary procedure. For example, a visitor by turning on the appropriate banner on the call block 2 can be warned that he pressed the communication button 10 without having previously dialed the correct communication code. He can be given a choice: either re-dial the communication code on the call keyboard 9, and then press the communication button 10, or immediately press the communication button 10 to start talking to the person on duty. If the visitor presses the communication button 10 to contact the attendant, the “Wait for answer” banner may turn on on the call block 2, which will be disabled after the attendant has established communication with this visitor. Consideration of such a preliminary procedure and additional equipment of the call block 2 necessary for its implementation does not relate to the subject of this patent and is not specifically considered below.

So, after the visitor has contacted the duty officer, the sound of the office internal telephone 20 is turned on in the office building. The duty officer picks up the office internal telephone 20 and starts a dialogue with the visitor, watching the video image of the visitor's face on the screen of the service display 8. As a result of the dialogue, it turns out exactly where the visitor is going.

If the visitor goes to all tenants at once (for example, such a visitor can be an election campaigner) or to none of the tenants (for example, a cleaning lady, a postman, an elevator repairman or a casual passerby who is hiding from the rain), then the person on duty will decide on admission or denial of visitor admission. When making such a decision, the attendant can not only use the image of the visitor’s face on the screen of the service display 8, but also call up previously stored video images of the face of the same visitor from the video memory unit 19 to the microcontroller 6 and from it to the service display 8. In accordance with the decision, the attendant dials either the admission command or the denial of admission command on the alphanumeric keyboard 21 and transmits the dialed command through the microcontroller 6 via the duplex communication channel 5 to the corresponding call unit 2. The command dialed by the duty is sent to the selection unit 11, and the selection unit 11 accordingly acts on the access control unit 17. Upon receipt of the admission command, the access control unit 17 unlocks the entrance door of the entrance for a set period of time and turns on the indicator 18 in green for this period of time. Upon receipt of the access denial command, the access control unit 17 for unlocking the entrance door of the entrance does not occur, and the access control unit 17 turns on the indicator 18 in red. On the visit of such a visitor in the block 19 of the video memory is stored a video image of his face, accompanied by official information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- about whether the visitor was allowed inside the house (which command was given by the attendant: the admission team or the refusal command).

If a visitor is directed to a specific tenant in a specific guarded apartment and simply forgot the communication code (or the communication code is not known to this visitor), then the person on duty, having found this out, may interrupt the connection with call block 2, contact the relevant tenant and, as agreed with him , switch communication with call block 2 to it. Further, the work of the ACS will repeat the one discussed above: with the correct dialing by the visitor of the communication code and when the receiver of the telephone 12 of the internal communication is lifted.

If the attendant was unable to contact the tenant whom the visitor indicated (for example, due to his absence in the guarded apartment), the attendant again contacts the call block 2 in the same entrance, informs the visitor about the impossibility of his visit and issues a command to refuse admission.

On the visit of such a visitor in the block 19 of the video memory is stored video image of a person accompanied by official information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- about refusal of admission.

Consider the case when a person who knows the secret access code allocated for the residents of one of the apartments approaches the front door of one of the entrances. Such a person can be either one of the tenants of this apartment, or a trustee of the tenant, or an attacker who knows the secret access code and is aware of the absence of tenants in the guarded apartment.

Approaching the entrance door to the entrance, a person should fall into the coverage area of the presence sensor 1. In this case, the ambient light sensor of the backlight unit 4 and the surveillance camera 3 should turn on. After that, the video image of the person’s face through the duplex communication channel 5 enters the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7 and is displayed on the service display 8, accompanied by service information about the on time of the presence sensor 1 in the corresponding entrance. Next, the person types a secret access code on the call keypad 9, and then presses the communication button 10.

Corresponding to the dialed secret access code, the code parcel via the duplex communication channel 5 is sent to the microcontroller 6, where it is compared with the identification secret access codes stored in its memory, which give access to the secure room.

If the dialed secret access code matches one of the identification secret access codes stored in the microcontroller 6, then the microcontroller 6 generates a biometric identification command for the tenant according to his facial features in order to form the second line of protection of the guarded house. The process of biometric identification of the tenant proceeds as follows.

At the command of the microcontroller 6, the video signal corresponding to the video image of the person’s face at the entrance door of the staircase comes from the output of the video memory unit 19 to a video digitizer 22, which converts it into digital image pixels suitable for subsequent digital processing in the image analysis unit 23 into a digital "picture" " The resulting digital “picture” has redundancy, which significantly increases the likelihood of false recognition. Therefore, the blocks included in the block 23 image analysis (figure 3), carry out the following conversions of a digital "picture". The digital “picture” that fell into the image analysis unit 23 is first processed in the background rejection unit 24. The background rejection unit 24 detects image pixels having a close amplitude level, classifies them as the background to be rejected, and transmits the resulting image to the edge detector 25. The specified detector 25 loops reveals significant changes in the levels of the amplitude of the pixels and "connects" them into digital loops, forming a contour image of a person's face. Thus, the series-connected background rejection unit 24 and the loop detector 25 remove the redundancy of the digital “picture”. Next, the matrix of the obtained digital contour image is supplied to the frame forming unit 26, which forms a digital image frame from it - the current frame. From the frame forming unit 26, the indicated current frame is transmitted to the first input of the comparison unit 27. To the second input of the comparison unit 27 from the video template storage unit 28, reference frames corresponding to different aspects of the video image of each of the residents and their proxies (who are officially assigned a secret access code dialed by a person who is near the entrance door of the entrance) are sequentially fed.

Block 27 comparison determines the degree of mismatch between the current frame and each of the reference frames. The value of the amplitude of the output signal of the comparison unit 27 is directly proportional to the degree of mismatch.

Based on the output signals of the image analysis unit 23 (that is, the output signals of the comparison unit 27 included in it), the decision unit 29 decides to identify the tenant.

If at least one comparison of the current frame with the reference frame the mismatch signal does not exceed the set recognition threshold, then the decision block 29 records the fact of identification of a person standing at the entrance door of the entrance, as a tenant of a certain apartment and sends the corresponding signal to microcontroller 6. In this case the microcontroller 6 generates a tenant's admission command and transmits it through the duplex communication channel 5 to the selection unit 11, through which it enters the access control unit 17. The access control unit 17 opens the entrance door of the entrance and turns on the indicator 18 in green, as a sign for the tenant that he is allowed to enter. Thus, within a specified period of time, the tenant can go inside the house. When forming the tenant’s admission team, the microcontroller 6 checks whether there were cases of refusal of the visitor’s admission for the apartment where the tenant lives, in which none of the tenants picked up the telephone of the intercom telephone 12. That is, did visitors come when there were no tenants inside the guarded apartment. If there were such cases, and information about them was not transmitted to the tenant, then the microcontroller 6 detects information about them in the video memory unit 19 and transmits a special service signal through the duplex communication channel 5 and through the selection unit 11 to the access control unit 17. At the same time, in the video memory block 19, service information is recorded that one of the tenants was informed about the arrival of visitors in the absence of tenants in the apartment. This eliminates the possibility of re-filing a special service signal. The receipt of a special service signal in the access control unit 17 is indicated by the special activation of the indicator 18 (for example, the indicator 18 will flash green).

If the person standing in front of the entrance door of the entrance is not identified as a tenant (i.e., for each of the reference frames connected by the video template storage unit 28, the mismatch signal exceeds a predetermined recognition threshold), then the decision unit 29 issues a failure signal generation command to the microcontroller 6. The microcontroller 6 generates a failure signal and transmits it through the duplex communication channel 5 and through the block 11 of the choice in block 17 access control. The access control unit 17 turns on the indicator 18 in red. This clearly shows the person that access is denied to him.

The video image of this person is stored in the block 19 of the video memory accompanied by official information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- about the dialed secret access code (that is, about the apartment that this person intended to get into);

- on admission or refusal of admission.

Thus, the second line of protection of the protected object (in this case, the entrance door) from the actions of intruders is formed.

Consider now the case when a tenant of one of the protected apartments wants to check who has visited his apartment recently. Such a check is possible only for residents in whose apartments an information display 13 and a second control panel 30 are installed. Using the second control panel 30, the tenant sends a request for viewing the visit for the specified period of time to the microcontroller 6 of the system unit 7 of the control via a duplex communication channel 5. The microcontroller 6 analyzes the tenant’s request and determines from which particular second control panel 30 the request was received, and then selects video images from the video memory unit 19 corresponding to the visitors of this apartment for the time period indicated in the request. The video images of the visitors are sequentially transmitted via the duplex communication channel 5 and appear on the information display 13 accompanied by official information about the time of the visit and about the admission (or refusal of admission). Using the second control panel 30, the tenant of the protected apartment either requires a transition to the next video image, or the end of communication with the microcontroller 6.

Information about each of the requests for viewing the visit is recorded in the memory of the microcontroller 6. At the same time, service information about the time of receipt of the request and the duration of the connection of the microcontroller 6 with the information display 13 is stored.

Let us now consider the modes of access control associated with changing the contents of block 28 storing video templates. There can be two such modes: storing a video pattern and erasing a previously stored video pattern.

Remembering the video template means that another visitor can go through the porch door without requiring the permission of the tenant for his passage. That is, after storing the video template for the ACS under consideration, the visitor receives the tenant's rights and is further considered by this ACS as one of the tenants.

In order for the video template to be memorized, the visitor must be in the video camera's viewing area, and one of the residents of the protected apartment, having given the refusal of admission command beforehand, must notify the person on duty on telephone 12 of the internal communication about the need to remember the new video template from his protected apartment. After that, the attendant, using the alphanumeric keypad 21, gives the microcontroller 6 a command to force the call block 2 to be turned on at a specific entrance. The microcontroller 6 transmits this command via a duplex communication channel 5 to the presence sensor 1 and to the selection unit 11, which are part of the call unit 2 located on the entrance door of the entrance where the tenant who is contacting the person on duty on telephone 12 for internal communication lives. When the selection unit 11 is activated, the speaker 14 and the microphone 15, which are part of the same call unit 2, as the activated selection unit 11, are connected to the official internal telephone 20 via a duplex communication channel 5.

The presence sensor 1 is activated, and the signal from its output is fed to the inputs of the surveillance camera 3 and the backlight unit 4. By the signal of the presence sensor 1, the surveillance video camera 3 is turned on, and in the backlight unit 4, the light sensor is turned on. If this light sensor shows that for the normal operation of the surveillance camera 3 there is not enough lighting, then the backlight unit 4 includes an additional infrared lamp in the backlight area. The video image of the visitor’s face via the duplex communication channel 5 is sent to the microcontroller 6 of the system control unit 7 and displayed on the service display 8. Using the service internal telephone 20 to communicate with the visitor, the attendant asks the visitor to take the pose necessary for the first memorization of the photo mask.

After that, the attendant enters the visitor’s video image from the video memory unit 19 into a video digitizer 22, which converts this video image into digital image pixels suitable for subsequent digital processing in the image analysis unit 23 into a digital “picture”. The digital “picture” that fell into the image analysis unit 23 is first processed in the background rejection unit 24. The background rejection unit 24 detects image pixels having a close amplitude level, classifies them as the background to be rejected, and transmits the resulting image to the edge detector 25. The specified loop detector 25 detects significant changes in the levels of the amplitude of the pixels and "connects" them into digital circuits, forming a contour image of the visitor's face. Next, the matrix of the obtained digital contour image is supplied to the frame forming unit 26, which forms a digital image frame from it - the current frame. From the frame formation unit 26, the indicated current frame is sent to the video template storage unit 28, where, according to the signal of the microcontroller 6, the current frame is stored as the first reference frame with which the video image of the tenant’s face will be compared in the future.

Next, the attendant informs the visitor (using the official internal telephone 20, duplex communication channel 5 and speaker 15) how to change the position to obtain the next angle of the reference frame. By acting on the microcontroller 6 using the alphanumeric keypad 21, the attendant repeatedly switches on the presence sensor 1, after which the next aspect of the visitor’s video image is fixed in the video memory unit 19 and on the service display 8, the frame of which is also stored in the video template storage unit 28. And so on, before filling out all the cells in the block 28 storing video templates corresponding to this visitor. The secret access code is communicated to the visitor, and he receives admission to enter the secure apartment. Further, ACS considers it as one of the residents.

Since the mutual geometric location of the tenant’s face relative to the surveillance video camera 3 is determined by the geometry of the relative location of the tenant and the call block 2, the number of possible viewing angles is not so large, and a large amount of memory of the video template storage unit 28 is not required for storing video templates.

The video image of the visitor who has received tenant rights for this ACS is stored in block 19 of the video memory, accompanied by official information:

- about the time of the visit (about the moment the sensor 1 presence);

- the assigned secret access code (that is, the apartment in which the visitor has access);

- about official identification information that the tenant gives to the visitor (for example, name and patronymic);

- about the cell numbers in the block 28 storage of video templates corresponding to this visitor.

One of the tenants must inform the person on duty about telephone calls to telephone 12 of the internal communication about the impending erasure of the previously memorized video template. In this case, the tenant must indicate the apartment and official identification information, which is endowed with that tenant whose video template should be erased. After that, the attendant, using the alphanumeric keypad 21, sends a search command to the microcontroller b in the memory block 19 of the video image of the tenant whose video template must be erased. As a result of the search, the desired video image appears on the service display 8. One of the types of service information that accompanies this video image is information about the cell numbers in the block 28 storing video templates corresponding to this tenant. The attendant, using the alphanumeric keypad 21, gives an erase command. This command erases the contents of the cells in the block 28 storing video templates corresponding to the video template of this tenant. The attendant adjusts the service information that accompanies the video image on the service display 8 (information about cell numbers in the video template storage unit 28 is removed from it).

Information about the video template erasure is recorded in the memory of the microcontroller 6. In this case, service information about the video template erase time is stored.

Residents of any of the protected apartments may require from the duty temporary inclusion of the service regime of a constant passage through the entrance door of their entrance. To do this, it is enough for the duty officer to include in the microcontroller 6 the periodic issuing of visitor admission commands. In this case, the access control unit 17 will unlock the front door at a certain entrance, and the indicator 18 will turn green, indicating that the front door is open.

Such a regime is necessary in special cases of functioning, for example, after the purchase of new furniture in one of the guarded apartments (loaders must bring in new furniture and take out the old one). Residents must inform the duty officer about the end of the need to turn on the permanent pass service mode. At the same time, he disables in the microcontroller 6 the periodic issuing of visitor admission commands and fixes in the memory of the microcontroller 6 information about the service mode, about the time of its start and about the duration.

Using the information recorded in the video memory unit 19 and in the microcontroller 6, it is possible to establish for each apartment in the house such a fee for using the access control system under consideration, which should not cause disputes on the part of any of the tenants. When calculating the usage fee for a specified period of time (for example, for a month):

- the total number of visitors to a certain apartment for a period payable;

- the total time of negotiations of residents with visitors by telephone 12 internal communication;

- the total time of negotiations with visitors when connecting an information display 13 (only for apartments equipped with an information display 13 and a second control panel 30);

- the total number of tenants admission teams;

- the total number of passages of residents through the access door using a secret access code;

- the total number of requests for viewing visits received from residents (only for apartments equipped with an information display 13 and a second control panel 30);

- the total duration of the connection of the microcontroller 6 with the information display 13 (only for apartments equipped with an information display 13 and a second control panel 30);

- the total number of memorized video templates for the period payable;

- the total number of erasures of previously stored video templates;

- the total number of inclusions (at the request of the tenants of this apartment) of the official regime of constant passage;

- the total duration of the service modes of constant passage included at the request of the residents of this apartment.

It should be noted that the use of the ACS under consideration does not require a lot of voltage from the attendant (compared to the voltage that requires the work of the concierge in the prototype). In fact, the duty officer intervenes in the operation of the system unit 7 control only:

- when a visitor appears who either does not dial a communication code or dials an incorrect communication code;

- when storing video templates;

- when erasing previously stored video templates;

- when turning on and off the service mode of constant passage.

One attendant may well serve such a house, which would require the presence of five to six concierges when using the ACS described in the prototype. Under certain conditions, the attendant can even service several neighboring houses (if their location allows the construction of a duplex communication channel 5 common to these houses).

On the other hand, with the exception of the rather rare intervals of switching on the service mode of the permanent passage, the ACS proposed by the attacker leaves no opportunity for the attacker to go unnoticed through the entrance door to the house.

Indeed, as soon as the attacker falls within the range of the presence sensor 1, the video image of his face will be recorded in the video memory unit 19, regardless of what code the attacker will dial on the call keypad 9. In addition, when dialing (correct or incorrect) a communication code, an attacker will not avoid a conversation with either the residents of one of the apartments or the person on duty. When dialing a secret access code (which an intruder might know in some way), the second line of protection of the protected object will not allow him to penetrate the entrance door into the house. Thus, the attacker has only one opportunity, to try to get through the door of the entrance to the house either at the moment when visitors or residents enter the door of the entrance, or at the moment when they exit the entrance door. In this case, the attacker must wait for the passage of visitors or residents far enough from the entrance door, so as not to fall into the coverage area of the presence sensor 1, and after the appearance of the visitor or tenant, run up to the entrance door as quickly as possible. This behavior of an attacker is extremely unnatural and attracts the attention of others (at least those visitors or residents, who use an attacker to unlock the entrance door). That is, if the attacker manages to escape from the presence sensor 1 and the surveillance camera 3, the people around him will notice it and, if necessary, recognize it.

Thus, consideration of the work of the claimed ACS allows us to conclude that the task of the invention is solved. A modern access control system with intelligence elements was created on the basis of the video intercom, which allows for access to the entrance door to the house only for a certain circle of people with the right to access it, regardless of the presence or absence of a tenant inside the guarded apartment. This provides a higher level of protection of the entrance door of the entrance from unauthorized entry than when using the well-known code panel or known video intercom. The fee for using the ACS takes into account all possible calls to the residents of the protected apartments to this ACS. It is calculated differentially, its components can be printed for each of the apartments, and no amount of disputes from the tenants of the protected apartments can cause an ACS usage fee.

The technical result provided by the present invention consists in using the video information obtained by the surveillance video camera 3 to automatically identify the tenant by facial features.

Due to this, the proposed access control system allows you to significantly expand the functionality and scope of the practical use of video on-door speakerphone access control systems.

Claims (3)

1. An access control and management system containing a call block in each of the entrances of a residential building with guarded apartments, and in each of the protected apartments - an intercom telephone and a first control panel, as well as a duplex communication channel through which each of the intercom phones and each of the first control panels is associated with a selection unit, which is part of the corresponding call unit, which also contains a surveillance camera and a microphone connected to the corresponding signal inputs of the selection unit, which controls the course of which is connected to the output of the call keypad, to which the communication button is connected, and the outputs of the selection unit are connected respectively to the speaker and to the access control unit, configured to temporarily unlock the entrance door lock and indicate the operation modes of the call unit using an indicator connected to the control unit access, and the system includes a system control unit located in the office building of a residential building with a microcontroller connected to a duplex communication channel, and in some of the apartments being installed, information displays have been installed, the video input of each of which is connected to a duplex communication channel, characterized in that a service internal telephone connected to a duplex communication channel is included in the equipment of the office premises, equipment of those protected apartments in which information displays are installed second control panels connected to a duplex communication channel, an alphanumeric keyboard, a service display, and in series with a single video memory unit, a video digitizer, an image analysis unit and a decision unit, the video memory unit being connected to a microcontroller, the control inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the alphanumeric keyboard and the decision unit, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding control inputs of the image analysis unit and service display, of each of the call blocks, a backlight unit and a presence sensor are introduced, the input of which is connected to the duplex communication channel, and the output is connected to the inputs of the backlight unit and the video camera and to a duplex communication channel, to which a surveillance video camera and a call keypad are also connected. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the image analysis unit contains a video template storage unit, the control input of which is the control input of the image analysis unit, and a background rejection unit, the input of which is the signal input of the image analysis unit, a loop detector and a block the formation of frames, the output of which is connected to the signal input of the video template storage unit and to the first input of the comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the output of the video template storage unit, and the output is It is output by the image analysis unit. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens of the surveillance camera has a pin-hole design.

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