RU2252450C2 - Parallel sign correlation meter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer science.

SUBSTANCE: device has first and second regenerators of random evenly spaced signals, second and first comparators, generator of short pulses, second and first binary counters, decoder, D-trigger, first and second RS-triggers, AND element, XOR element, reverse counter, clock pulse generator, divider with rebuilt division coefficient , pulse distributor, group of M synchronization blocks, group of M pulse distributors, N (M-10) - input elements R and N blocks for calculating ordinates of correlation function.

EFFECT: simplified construction and higher reliability .

2 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of computer technology and can be used in measuring systems designed to analyze the characteristics of the stochastic relationship of random processes.

Known digital sign correlometer for measuring the correlation functions of random processes with any probability distribution law, containing two input devices, the inputs of which are inputs of the correlometer, and the outputs are connected to the first inputs of the first and second comparison devices, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the first and second generators, respectively random equiprobable signals, the first and second outputs of the first comparison device are connected to the zero and single inputs of the first trigger, the direct and inverse outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the first and second matching circuits, the second inputs of which are connected to the first and second outputs of the second comparison device, the output of the polling pulse generator is connected via the start button to a single input of the second trigger, with the control input of the second comparison device and with the control input of the divider-switch, the main input of which is connected to the outputs of the first and second coincidence circuits, each channel output of the divider-switch is connected to the input corresponding to pulse counter, the control output of the divider-switch is connected to the control input of the first comparison device and to the signal input of the temporary selector, the output of which is connected through the frequency divider to the zero input of the second trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the control input of the temporary selector, with the control inputs of the first and the second matching circuit, as well as with the control inputs of the pulse counters. The reading of the i-th pulse counter at the end of the measurement cycle corresponds to the i-th ordinate of the correlation (or cross-correlation) function (AS USSR No. 304583, MKI G 06 F 15/34, Bull. No. 17, 1971).

The disadvantage of this sign correlometer is a large statistical error with a limited duration of the implementation of the studied signals.

A multi-channel sign correlometer is known, which contains two comparison units, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding information inputs of the accumulation unit via an equivalence and distribution unit, the first control input of which is connected to the output of the generator and to the control input of the second comparison unit, and a random equiprobable signal generator whose output is connected to the first input of the first comparison unit, the second input of which is the first input of the correlometer, one of the inputs of the equivalence and distribution unit I am connected through the zero ordinate formation unit and the first AND element with my second control input, the control output of the equivalence and distribution unit is connected to another input of the first AND element, the unit input of the control trigger and through the OR element to the control input of the first comparison unit, the output of the control trigger is connected with the control input of the process switching unit and through the second AND element with another input of the OR element, the output of the polling pulse generator is connected to the zero input of the control trigger and the input of the second AND element, the outputs of the process switching unit are connected to the first and second inputs of the correlometer, and the output is connected to the information input of the second comparison unit, the second input of which is connected to the zero bus (A.S. USSR No. 538368, MKI G 06 F 15/34, Bull. No. 45, 1976).

As in the previous case, in this multichannel sign correlometer, each correlation function calculation cycle is based on continuous polling of only one of the comparison blocks with a fixed result of polling another comparison block, which also leads to a large statistical error with a limited duration of the implementation of the studied signals. In addition, the presence of only one generator of a random equiprobable signal limits the class of laws of distribution of random processes for the analysis of which this correlometer can be used.

A device for determining a sign correlation function, comprising two sign detectors, two pulse shapers, two time-code converters, a synchronization unit and a switch, the inputs of the first and second sign detectors are the corresponding information inputs of the device, the outputs of the first and second sign detectors are connected respectively to information inputs of the first and second pulse shapers, the outputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the signal change sign device The information output of the first time-code converter is connected to the first information input of the switch, the output of the switching characteristic of which is connected to the inputs of the initial installation of the first and second pulse shapers and the first time-code converter, whose clock input is connected to the first output of the synchronization unit, the address input of the switch is the input of setting the input signal number of the device, the information input of the switch is the output of the code for the duration of the input signal of the device, the switch stroke is the permission input for reading the device duration code, the information outputs of the signal of the maximum duration of the first and second time-code converters are respectively the outputs of the maximum duration of the first and second device signals, the clock inputs of the first and second time-code converters are connected to the first output of the synchronization unit, the second and the third outputs of which are connected to the reset inputs of the first and second time-code converters, respectively, the first and second inputs remain The synchronization unit is connected respectively to the outputs of the sign of the signal of the first output and the sign of the signal of the second output of the switch, the second information input of which is connected to the information output of the second time-code converter, the input of the initial setting of which is connected to the output of the sign of switching of the switch (A.S. USSR No. 1628067, MKI G 06 F 15/336, Bull. No. 6, 1991).

In this device, the process of calculating the correlation function is divided into two stages: first, data on the signals under study is recorded, and then subsequent processing of the recorded data is performed. This reduces the performance of the device. The use of a pipelined data processing mode for parallel calculation of the ordinates of the correlation function requires observing the sequence of events associated with the sequence number for calculating the ordinates of the correlation function. With an increase in the number of simultaneously calculated ordinates of the correlation function, the time duration of the full cycle of pipelined data processing increases. As a result of this, the time duration of the full cycle of pipelining data processing can exceed the time interval between two consecutive events of recording the results of the conversion of the studied signals, which leads to disruption of the sequence of events and does not allow to achieve an optimal increase in the productivity of calculating the ordinates of the correlation function. In addition, this correlometer allows you to analyze only signals with a normal distribution law.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a parallel sign correlometer containing the first and second comparators, first and second generators of randomly distributed signals, a shaper of short pulses, the first and second binary counters, a decoder, a group of M binary counters, the first and second RS -triggers, D-trigger, AND element, EXCLUSIVE OR element, reversible counter, clock generator, divider with adjustable division factor, pulse distributor , N groups, each of which consists of M time-code converters, N (M-1) elements -vhodovyh OR and N ordinate calculation blocks of the correlation (cross-correlation) function. In this case, the first inputs of the first and second comparators are respectively the first and second inputs of the correlometer, the outputs of the first and second generators of randomly distributed signals are connected to the second inputs of the first and second comparators, the output of the first comparator is connected to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element and to the information input of each of N blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the shaper of short impu x, with the second input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element and with the D-input of the D-trigger, the clock input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the input of the sign of the initial state of each of the N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the short pulse shaper is connected to the counting input of the first binary counter, the output of which is connected to the address input of the decoder, the first M outputs of which are connected to the count resolution inputs of the corresponding M binary counters n and with the blocking inputs of the corresponding M code-time converters of each of the N groups, the last (M + 1) -th decoder output is connected to the reset input of the first RS-trigger, the installation input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected with the first input of the And element, with the decoder decryption enable input and with the resolution enable inputs of the first and second binary counters, the output of the clock generator is connected to the counting input of the divider with a tunable division factor, with the counting inputs of M binary group counters, with the second input of the And element, with the counting input of the second binary counter, with the counting inputs of M code-time converters of each of the N groups and with the counting inputs of N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the And element is connected to the counting input a reverse counter, the input of the direction control of the account of which is connected to the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR element, the zeroing inputs of the first and second binary counters, the zeroing input of the reverse counter, the zeroing inputs of M binary counter into groups, inputs of the initial installation of M code-time converters of each of the N groups and inputs of the initial installation of all blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function are combined and connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the second binary counter is one of the outputs of the correlometer and carries information about the duration of the measurement time, the output of the reverse counter is the output of the estimate of the zero ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of each binary counter of the group with the information input of the corresponding code-time converter, which is part of each of the N groups, the installation input of the divider with a tunable division ratio is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the input of the division ratio setting is the input of the job of the delay step for measuring the correlation (cross-correlation) function, the control input of the divider with a tunable division ratio and the control input of the pulse distributor are combined and connected to the direct output of the second RS-trigger, the installation input of which It is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the divider with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the information input of the pulse distributor, N outputs of which are connected to the start inputs of the corresponding first code-time converters of each of the N groups and to the start inputs of the corresponding N blocks of correlation ordinate calculation ( mutual correlation) functions, in each of the N groups the output of the previous code-time converter is connected to the start input of the subsequent code-time converter, the output of the last Mth the code-time converter in each of the N groups is connected to the input of the termination account of the corresponding unit for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the outputs of the first (M-1) code-time converters of each of the N groups are connected to the inputs of the corresponding (M-1) - OR input element, the output of which is connected to the sign change input of the corresponding unit for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the last M-th code-time converter, which is part of the last N-th group, also to the reset input of the second RS-flip-flop, the outputs of N computation blocks ordinate correlation (cross-correlation) function evaluations are the outputs of the respective ordinate correlation (cross-correlation) function (US Pat. No. 2174705 of the Russian Federation, MKI G 06 F 17/15, Bull. No. 28, 2001).

The disadvantage of this correlometer is its structural redundancy, since it contains N groups of the same type, each of which includes M code-time converters.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the structure and increase the reliability of the correlometer.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a parallel sign correlometer containing the first and second generators of randomly uniformly distributed signals, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the first and second comparators, the first inputs of which are respectively the first and second inputs of the correlometer, the output of the first comparator is connected to the first by the input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element and with the information input of each of the N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, exit to The second comparator is connected to the input of the short-pulse generator, to the second input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element, and to the D-input is the D-trigger, the clock input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the input of the sign of the initial state of each of N calculation units ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the short pulse generator is connected to the counting input of the first binary counter, the output of which is connected to the address input of the decoder, the last (M + 1) -th output of which is connected n with the reset input of the first RS-trigger, the installation input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the first input of the And element, with the decoder decryption enable input and with the resolution enable inputs of the first and second binary counters, the output of the clock connected to the counting input of the divider with a tunable division factor, to the second input of the And element, to the counting input of the second binary counter and to the counting inputs of N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) functions, the output of the AND element is connected to the counting input of the reverse counter, the input of the direction control of the account of which is connected to the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR element, the zeroing inputs of the first and second binary counters, the zeroing input of the reverse counter and the initial setup inputs of all N blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) the functions are combined and connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the second binary counter is one of the outputs of the correlometer and carries information about the duration of the measurement rhenium, the output of the reversible counter is the output of evaluating the zero ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the installation input of the divider with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the input of the division factor is the input of the job of the delay step of measuring the correlation (mutual correlation) function of the correlometer , the control input of the divider with a tunable division ratio and the control input of the pulse distributor are combined and connected to the direct output of the second RS trigger, the input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the divider with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the information input of the pulse distributor, N outputs of which are connected to the start inputs of the corresponding N blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the last N the th output of the pulse distributor is connected to the reset input of the second RS-trigger, the outputs of the N (M-1) input elements OR are connected to the sign-change inputs of the corresponding blocks for calculating the ordinates a correlation (mutual correlation) function, the outputs of which are outputs of estimates of the corresponding ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, a group containing M synchronization units and a group containing M pulse distributors are introduced, the first M decoder outputs connected to the account resolution inputs of the corresponding M blocks synchronization of the group, inputs of the job period of the issuance of strobe pulses M blocks synchronization groups are combined and connected to the input of the job step delay measurement correlation correlation function of the correlometer, the inputs of the initial installation of M group synchronization blocks are combined and connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the counting inputs of M group synchronization blocks are combined and connected to the output of the clock generator, the first output of the pulse distributor is connected to the start input of the first block group synchronization, the output of the sign of equality to zero of the previous group synchronization block is connected to the start input of the subsequent group synchronization block, the output of the sign of equality of zero of the last Мth block of the group synchronization is connected to the input of the termination of the account of the first block of calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the outputs of the sign of zero of the first (M-1) blocks of the group synchronization are connected to the inputs of the first (M-1) -input element OR , the outputs of the sign of the issuance of the strobe pulses M of the group synchronization blocks are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding M group of pulse distributors, the outputs of the strobe pulses of the M group synchronization blocks are connected to the information the inputs of the corresponding M group of pulse distributors, the nth outputs (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1) of the first (M-1) group of pulse distributors are connected to the inputs of the (n + 1) th (M -1) -input element OR, (N-1) -th output of each of the pulse distributors of the group is connected to the termination input of the corresponding group synchronization block, n-th output (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N- 1) the last Mth pulse distributor of the group is connected to the input of the termination of the count of the (n + 1) th block of calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

Each synchronization unit contains the first and second OR elements, the first and second RS flip-flops, a demultiplexer, a reversible counter, an And element, a comparison circuit and a divider with a tunable division coefficient, the information input of a demultiplexer and a counting input of a divider with a tunable division coefficient are combined and are countable the input of the synchronization block, the first address input of the demultiplexer is the input of the account resolution of the synchronization block, the first inputs of the first and second elements OR, the zeroing input is reverse of the counter and the installation input of the divider with a tunable division factor are combined and are the input of the initial installation of the synchronization unit, the input of the installation of the first RS-trigger is the input of the start of the synchronization unit, the second input of the second element OR is the input of the shutdown of the synchronization unit, the input of the job of the divisor divider with the tunable the division coefficient is the input of the period of the output of the strobe pulses of the synchronization block, the output of the first element OR is connected to the input of sat the dew of the first RS-flip-flop, the direct output of which is connected to the second address input of the demultiplexer and to the second input of the element And, the first and second outputs of the demultiplexer are connected respectively to the inputs of the direct and reverse counts of the reverse counter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison circuit, to the second input which is supplied with a zero code, the output of the comparison circuit is connected to the first input of the AND element, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first OR element, with the installation input of the second RS-trigger and is the output recognized and if the synchronization block is equal to zero, the output of the second OR element is connected to the reset input of the second RS-trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the control input of the divider with a tunable division coefficient and is the output of the sign of the output of the strobe pulses of the synchronization block, the output of the divider with a tunable division factor is the output of the strobe pulses of the synchronization unit.

Figure 1 presents the structural diagram of the correlometer; figure 2 is a structural diagram of a synchronization unit; figure 3 is a structural diagram of a unit for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function; figure 4 is a structural diagram of a shaper of short pulses and timing diagrams of its operation.

The correlometer contains the first 1 and second 2 generators of randomly uniformly distributed signals, the first 3 and second 4 comparators, a shaper of 5 short pulses, the first 6 and second 12 binary counters, decoder 7, D-trigger 8, the first 9 and second 17 RS-flip-flops, element AND 10, element EXCLUSIVE OR 11, reversible counter 13, clock generator 14, divider 15 with tunable division ratio, pulse distributor 16, a group including M blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M synchronization, a group including M pulse distributors 19 ₁ - 19, _m, N (m-1) -IN pa OR elements January ₂₀ -20 _N and N blocks January ₂₁ -21 _N ordinates calculating the correlation (cross-correlation) function.

Each synchronization block contains the first 22 and second 28 OR elements, the first 23 and second 29 RS flip-flops, a demultiplexer 24, a reverse counter 25, a comparison circuit 26, an And 27 element and a divider 30c with a tunable division factor.

Each unit for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (cross-correlation) function contains an OR element 31, an RS trigger 32, an AND 33 element, a T trigger 34, a first 35 and a second 36 EXCLUSIVE OR elements, and a reverse counter 37.

The short pulse shaper contains an element EXCLUSIVE OR 38 and a T-trigger 39.

The outputs of the first 1 and second 2 generators of randomly distributed signals are connected to the second inputs of the first 3 and second 4 comparators, respectively, the first inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the correlometer, the output of the first 3 comparators is connected to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR 11 element and to the information input each of the N blocks 21 ₁ -21 _N computing the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the second 4 comparator is connected to the input of the shaper 5 short pulses, with the second by the EXCLUSIVE OR element 11 and with the D-input of the D-trigger 8, the clock input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the input of the sign of the initial state of each of the N blocks 21 ₁ -21 _{N of} calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation ) functions, the output of the shorter pulse generator 5 is connected to the counting input of the first 6 binary counter, the output of which is connected to the address input of the decoder 7, the last (M + 1) -th output of which is connected to the reset input of the first 9 RS-trigger, the installation input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the first input of the And 10 element, with the decryption decryption enable input 7 and with the count resolution enable inputs of the first 6 and second 12 binary counters, the output of the clock generator 14 is connected to the counting input of the divider 15 with a tunable dividing ratio, a second input of aND gate 10, with the counting input 12 of the second binary counter and a calculating unit N inputs January ₂₁ -21 _N ordinates calculating the correlation (cross-correlation) function, an output of aND 10 is connected to the count input down counter 13, counting direction control input of which is connected to the output of the exclusive OR element 11, reset inputs of the first 6 and second binary counters 12, zeroing input of down counter 13 and inputs the initial installation of all N blocks January ₂₁ -21 _N ordinates calculating the correlation (cross-correlation ) the functions are combined and connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the second 12 binary counter is one of the outputs of the correlometer and carries information about the length of the measurement time, the output of the reverse counter 1 3 is the output of estimating the zero ordinate of the correlation (cross-correlation) function, the installation input of the divider 15 with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the input of the setting of the division coefficient is the input of the job of the delay step of measuring the correlation (mutual correlation) function of the correlometer, control input a divider 15 with a tunable division ratio and the control input of the pulse distributor 16 are combined and connected to the direct output of the second 17 RS-trigger, the input is set and which is connected to the input of "Start" a correlation, the output divider 15 with adjustable division ratio connected to the data input of the pulse distributor 16, N outputs which are connected to respective inputs of start unit ₂₁ January N -21 _N ordinates calculating the correlation (cross-correlation) function, the last N-th pulse output of the distributor 16 is connected to the reset input of the second RS-flip-flop 17, the outputs of N (M-1) elements -vhodovyh or 20 ₁ -20 _N are connected to the inputs of the respective sign change blocks January ₂₁ -21 _N correlation calculation ordinate ion (cross-correlation) function, the outputs of which are estimates of the corresponding outputs ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function, the first decoder 7 M outputs coupled to respective inputs authorization account M blocks January ₁₈ -18 _M synchronization group, inputs job distribution period of the strobe pulses M blocks January ₁₈ -18 _m synchronization group are combined and connected to an input job step delay measurement correlation (cross-correlation), a correlation function, inputs the initial installation of m blocks on January ₁₈ -18 _m nhronizatsii group are combined and connected to the input of "Start" a correlation, counting inputs of M blocks on January ₁₈ -18 _m synchronization group are combined and connected to the output of oscillator 14 clock pulses, the first pulse output of the distributor 16 is connected to the input of the first trigger block ₁₈ January synchronization group, yield the sign of zero equality of the previous group synchronization block 18 _{m is} connected to the start input of the subsequent group synchronization block 18 _{m + 1} (m = 1, 2, 3, ..., M-1), the output of the zero sign of the last Mth block of 18 _M group synchronization connected to the termination of the counting of the first block 21 ₁ calculates the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the outputs of the sign of zero of the first (M-1) blocks 18 ₁ -18 _m-1 synchronization groups are connected to the inputs of the first 20 ₁ (M-1) input element OR, the outputs of the sign of the issuance of the strobe pulses of M blocks 18 ₁ -18 _{m of the} group synchronization are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding M pulse distributors of 19 ₁ -19 _{m of the} group, the outputs of the strobe pulses of M blocks of 18 ₁ -18 _{m of the} group synchronization are connected to the information inputs M pulse distributors of 19 ₁ -19 _m groups, n-th outputs (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1) of the first (M-1) pulse distributors of 19 ₁ -19 _M-1 groups are connected to the inputs of the (n + 1) th 20 _{n + 1} (M-1) -input element OR, (N-1) -th output of each of the pulse distributors 19 ₁ -19 _m group is connected to the termination input of the corresponding block 18 ₁ - 18 _M group synchronization, the nth output (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1) of the last N-th pulse distributor of the 19 _m group is connected to the count termination input of the (n + 1) th block 21 _{n +1} calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

In each synchronization block, the information input of the demultiplexer 24 and the counting input of the divider 30 with a tunable division coefficient are combined and are the counting input of the synchronization block, the first address input of the demultiplexer 24 is the input of the resolution of the count of the synchronization block, the first inputs of the first 22 and second 28 OR elements, the reset zeroing input counter 25 and the installation input of the divider 30 with a tunable division ratio are combined and are the input of the initial installation of the synchronization unit, the installation input is first 23rd RS-trigger is the input of the start of the synchronization unit, the second input of the second 28th element OR is the input of the shutdown of the synchronization unit, the input of the dividing factor of the divider 30 with the tunable dividing factor is the input of the setting of the period of issuing the strobe pulses of the synchronization unit, the output of the first 22 OR with the reset input of the first 23 RS-flip-flop, the direct output of which is connected to the second address input of the demultiplexer 24 and to the second input of the And 27 element, the first and second outputs of the demultiple litter 24 is connected respectively to the inputs of the forward and reverse counters of the reverse counter 25, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparison circuit 26, the second input of which is supplied with a zero code, the output of the comparison circuit 26 is connected to the first input of the AND element 27, the output of which is connected to the second input the first element OR 22, with the installation input of the second RS-flip-flop 29 and is the output of the sign of equal to zero synchronization block, the output of the second element OR 28 is connected to the reset input of the second 29 RS-flip-flop, the direct output of which is connected to the input m control divider 30 with a tunable division factor and is the output of the sign of issuing strobe pulses of the synchronization unit, the output of the divider 30 with tunable division factor is the output of the strobe pulses of the synchronization unit.

In each block for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the second input of the OR element 31, the reset input of the T-trigger 34, and the reset input of the reverse counter 37 are combined and are the input of the initial installation of the block, the counting input of the T-trigger 34 is the input of changing the sign of the block, and the direct output is connected to the second input of the first 35 EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which is the input of the sign of the initial state of the block, and the output is connected to the second input of the second 36 EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which is the EXCLUSIVE OR the information input of the block, and the output is connected to the control direction of the counting direction of the reverse counter 37, the first input of the OR element 31 is the input of the termination of the block count, and the output is connected to the reset input of the RS-trigger 32, the installation input of which is the block start-up input, and the direct output is connected with the second input of the And 33 element, the first input of which is the counting input of the block, and the output is connected to the counting input of the reverse counter 37, the output of which is the output of the block.

и

. Его работа основана на знаковом методе измерения оценок

и

этих функций с использованием вспомогательных сигналов ξ₁(t) и ξ₂(t).The correlometer can measure the correlation R _xx (τ) and cross correlation R _xy (τ) functions of centered random signals

and

. His work is based on the iconic method of measuring grades

and

these functions using auxiliary signals ξ ₁ (t) and ξ ₂ (t).

и

. Мгновенные значения этих сигналов распределены равномерно внутри интервалов от -А до +А и от -В до +В соответственно, то есть их плотности распределения вероятностей имеют видAuxiliary signals ξ ₁ (t) and ξ ₂ (t) are independent with respect to each other, as well as with respect to the studied signals

and

. The instantaneous values of these signals are evenly distributed within the intervals from -A to + A and from -B to + B, respectively, that is, their probability distribution densities are of the form

Values A and B must satisfy the following conditions

- максимально возможные абсолютные значения, которые могут принять соответственно сигналы

и

.Where

- the maximum possible absolute values that signals can take respectively

and

.

The algorithms directly underlying the work of the correlometer have the following form

where sgn {...} is the operator of the sign conversion function; Δτ is the delay step for measuring the correlation (mutual correlation) function; N _p is the total number of samples per measurement time interval; T ₀ - the repetition period of clock pulses (polling pulses); n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., N is the ordinal number of the estimate of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

The delay step Δτ of the measurement of the correlation (cross-correlation) function is given as a multiple of the period T _{0 of the} following clock pulses, that is, Δτ = kT ₀ , where k = 1, 2, 3, ....

The correlometer works as follows.

и

поступают соответственно на первый и второй входы коррелометра, то есть на первые входы соответственно первого 3 и второго 4 компараторов, на вторые входы которых поступают сигналы ξ₁(t) и ξ₂(t) с выходов соответственно первого 1 и второго 2 генераторов случайных равномерно распределенных сигналов.When measuring the cross-correlation function R _xy (τ), the studied centered random signals

and

arrive respectively at the first and second inputs of the correlometer, that is, at the first inputs of the first 3 and second 4 comparators, respectively, the second inputs of which receive signals ξ ₁ (t) and ξ ₂ (t) from the outputs of the first 1 and second 2 random generators, respectively distributed signals.

As auxiliary signals ξ ₁ (t) and ξ ₂ (t) it is allowed to use linearly varying periodic signals (see Mirsky G.Ya. Characteristics of stochastic interconnection and their measurements - M .: Energoizdat, 1982. P.190). In particular, triangular-shaped signals can be used (a triangular-shaped generator circuit can be found in the book: The use of precision analog microcircuits / A.G. Aleksenko, E.A. Kolombet, G.I. Starodub. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985 . - P.165, fig. 4.11).

с сигналом ξ₁(t) и сигнала

с сигналом ξ₂(t). В результате выполнения этих операций будем иметь сигналы z₁(t) и z₂(t), которые являются знаковыми сигналамиThe first 3 and second 4 comparators perform signal comparison operations

with signal ξ ₁ (t) and signal

with the signal ξ ₂ (t). As a result of these operations, we will have signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t), which are sign signals

Since, in practice, comparison schemes always record zero values of sign signals with equal probability either as “-1” or as “+1”, a sign function is usually used in measurements that takes the values “-1” and “+1” (see Mirsky G.Ya. Characteristics of the stochastic relationship and their measurement - M .: Energoizdat, 1982. P.179). In accordance with this, expressions (6) and (7) can be written in the following form

In the technical implementation of the correlometer, integral comparators can be used as the first 3 and second 4 comparators (see Nefedov A.V. Integrated microcircuits and their foreign counterparts: Reference book. T.5. - M .: KUBK-a, 1997. - P. 113-119). In this case, the logical unit levels at the outputs of the first 3 and second 4 comparators will correspond to the value “+1” of the sign signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t), and the logic zero levels at the outputs of these comparators will correspond to the value “-1” sign signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t).

The signal z ₂ (t) from the output of the second 4 comparator is fed to the input of the shaper 5 short pulses. At time instants corresponding to the transition of the signal value z ₂ (t) from a logical zero to a logical unit or from a logical unit to a logical zero, short pulses are generated at the output of the shaper 5 of short pulses. Shaper 5 short pulses can have various circuit solutions, it is only necessary that he accurately fulfill his functional purpose. One of the possible options for such a shaper and timing diagrams of its operation are presented in figure 4. In this case, it is based on the use of the EXCLUSIVE OR 38 element, one of the inputs of which is the input of the driver, and the output is connected to the counting input of the T-trigger 39 and is the output of the driver, the direct output of the T-trigger 39 is connected to the second input of the EXCLUSIVE OR 38.

The pulses from the output of the shaper 5 short pulses are fed to the counting input of the first 6 binary counter.

In the initial state of the correlometer, at the direct outputs of the first 9 and second 17 RS-triggers there are logical zero levels.

The logic zero level from the direct output of the first 9 RS-flip-flops goes to the count resolution inputs of the first 6 and second 12 binary counters and prohibits them from counting the pulses arriving at their counting inputs respectively from the output of the shaper 5 short pulses and from the output of the generator 14 clock pulses. The logic zero level from the direct output of the first 9 RS-flip-flop also goes to the decryption decryption enable input 7 and prevents it from decrypting the data received at its address input from the output of the first 6 binary counter. The outputs of the decoder 7 will be present levels of logical zero. Logical zero levels from the first M outputs of the decoder 7 go to the account resolution inputs of the corresponding M blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M group synchronization and prohibit them from counting the pulses arriving at their counting inputs from the output of the clock generator 14. In addition, the level of logical zero from the direct output of the first 9 RS-flip-flops goes to the first input of the And 10 element and blocks the passage of pulses from the output of the clock generator 14 to the counting input of the reverse counter 13.

The level of logical zero from the direct output of the second 17 RS-trigger goes to the control inputs of the divider 15 with a tunable division ratio and pulse distributor 16 and blocks their operation.

Blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M group synchronization, pulse distributors 19 ₁ -19 _N groups and blocks 21 ₁ -21 _N calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function do not work.

The start of the correlometer is carried out by the “Start” signal. The start signal is a short pulse. The instant of action of this signal determines the beginning of the measurement process and corresponds to a time t ₀ that is assumed to be zero, that is, t ₀ = 0.

By the “Start” signal, the following settings are made in the correlometer:

- the first 6 and second 12 binary counters, as well as the reverse counter 13 are reset;

- at the direct outputs of the first 9 and second 17 RS-flip-flops, logical unit levels are set;

- the integer value k of the division coefficient is recorded in the divider 15 with a tunable division coefficient.

), то в D-триггер 8 записывается логическая единица, и на его прямом выходе устанавливается уровень логической единицы. Если же в момент времени t₀ действия сигнала “Пуск” сигнал z₂(t) имеет уровень логического нуля (это означает, что

), то в D-триггер 8 записывается логический нуль, и на его прямом выходе устанавливается уровень логического нуля. Фактически это означает, что в момент действия сигнала “Пуск”, то есть в момент времени t₀, соответствующий началу процесса измерения, в D-триггер 8 записывается начальное значение z₂(t₀) сигнала z₂(t).The “Start” signal is also fed to the clock input of the D-trigger 8, to the D-input of which the signal z ₂ (t) is received. If at the time moment t ₀ of the start signal the signal z ₂ (t) has the level of a logical unit (this means that

), then a logical unit is recorded in D-trigger 8, and the level of the logical unit is set at its direct output. If, at the time moment t ₀ of the “Start” signal, the signal z ₂ (t) has a logic zero level (this means that

), then a logical zero is written to D-flip-flop 8, and a logical zero level is set at its direct output. In fact, this means that at the moment of the start signal, that is, at time t ₀ corresponding to the beginning of the measurement process, the initial value z ₂ (t ₀ ) of signal z ₂ (t) is recorded in D-trigger 8.

In addition, the “Start” signal is fed to the inputs of the initial installation of blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M synchronization group and the inputs of the initial installation of blocks 21 ₁ -21 _n calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function (see figure 2 and 3).

In each of the blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M synchronization of the group, the “Start” signal is supplied to the first inputs of the first 22 and second 28 OR elements and from their outputs it is supplied to the reset inputs of the first 23 and second 29 RS-flip-flops, at the direct outputs of which levels are set logical zero. At the same time, the “Start” signal is input to the zeroing input of the reversible counter 25 and to the installation input of the divider 30 with a tunable division factor. As a result of this, the reversible counter 25 is zeroed, and the integer value k of the division coefficient from the input of the setting of the output period of the strobe pulses of the block is recorded in the divider 30 with a tunable division coefficient. The logical zero level from the direct output of the first 23 RS-flip-flop goes to the second input of the And 27 element and closes it, that is, the logical zero level is set at the output of the sign of equal to zero of the block.

The block diagram and operation of the blocks 21 ₁ -21 _{N of the} calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function are completely similar to similar blocks that are part of the prototype device (Pat. No. 2174705 RF, MKI G 06 F 17/15. Bull. No. 28, 2001 ) In each of the blocks 21 ₁ -21 _{N of the} calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function, the “Start” signal is fed to the second input of the OR element 31, to the reset input of the T-trigger 34 and to the input of resetting the reverse counter 37. As a result, the reversing counter is reset to zero counter 37, and at the direct output of the T-flip-flop 34, a logic zero level is set. The “Start” signal from the output of the OR element 31 is fed to the reset input of the RS flip-flop 32, and its direct output sets the logic zero level, which goes to the second input of the And 33 element and prevents the passage of clock pulses to the counting input of the reverse counter 37, received at the counting input of the block from the output of the generator 14 clock pulses. Thus, in the reverse counter 37 at the initial moment of measurement, a zero code will be stored.

On this, all initial settings are completed, and the process of measuring the mutual correlation function R _xy (τ) begins directly.

Signed signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t) are respectively supplied to the first and second inputs of an EXCLUSIVE OR 11 element, which performs the function of a sign multiplier. If the logical levels of the signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t) coincide, then the logic zero level will be present at the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR 11 element. This means that the result of the product of these signals is “+1”. If the logical levels of the signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t) are opposite, then the level of the logical unit will be present at the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR 11 element. This means that the result of the product of these signals is “-1”. The signal from the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR 11 element is input to the control direction of the counting direction of the reverse counter 13. In this case, the logic zero level at this input will determine the direct count of the reverse counter 13 (summation mode), and the level of the logical unit determines the countdown of the reverse counter 13 (subtraction mode) . (As a reversible counter 13, you can use, for example, a reversible counter K555IE13. See Nefedov A.V. Integrated circuits and their foreign counterparts: Handbook. V.5. - M .: KUBK-a, 1997. P.168).

The level of a logical unit from the direct output of the first 9 RS-trigger is fed to the first input of the And 10 element and allows the passage of clock pulses from its second input to the counting input of the reversing counter 13. Depending on the signal level at the input of the direction control, the counting counter 13 will work or in the mode of summing the input sequence of clock pulses, or in the subtraction mode.

The level of the logical unit from the direct output of the first 9 RS-trigger also goes to the decryption enable enable input 7 and to the input enable inputs of the first 6 and second 12 binary counters and allows these elements to work. In this case, the second 12 binary counter carries out the count of clock pulses arriving at its counting input from the output of the clock generator 14. In turn, the first 6 binary counter carries out the count of pulses arriving at its counting input from the output of the shaper 5 short pulses. Taking into account that the “Start” signal determines the time moment t ₀ corresponding to the beginning of the measurement process, we will have that the short pulses arriving at the counting input of the first 6 binary counter correspond to time instants t ₁ , t ₂ , t ₃ , .. ., in which the signal z ₂ (t) changes its value after the “Start” signal has been sent.

The decoder 7, depending on the binary code entering its address input from the output of the first 6 binary counter, sequentially generates pulses at its outputs (as a decoder, you can use K555IDZ or K555ID12 microcircuits and similar circuits by purpose. Examples of decoder switching circuits and their use see, for example, Zeldin EA Digital integrated circuits in information-measuring equipment. - L.: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad. Department, 1986. P.115-118). Initially, the contents of the first 6 binary counter is zero. Therefore, at the time of the start signal, that is, at time t ₀ , the pulse appears at the first output of the decoder 7. After the first pulse arrives from the output of the shaper 5 short pulses at time t, the contents of the first 6 binary counter becomes equal to one, and the pulse appears at the second output of the decoder 7, etc. In this case, the pulse duration at the mth output of the decoder 7 is t _m -t _m-1 , where m = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, and will be determined by the time during which the signal z ₂ (t) does not changes its meaning, that is, it remains constant. The pulses from the first M outputs of the decoder 7 are sequentially fed to the account resolution inputs of the corresponding M blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M group synchronization. The pulse of duration t _m -t _m-1 , received at the input of the account resolution of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block, is fed to the first address input of the demultiplexer 24 (see figure 2). Recall that the second address input of the demultiplexer 24 receives a logic zero level from the direct output of the first RS-trigger 23. The truth table of the functioning of the demultiplexer 24 is presented below. As a result, the pulses coming from the output of the clock generator 14 to the counting input of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block and, therefore, to the information input of the demultiplexer 24, will pass to the input of the direct counting of the reverse counter during the time t _m -t _m-1 25.

Table
the truth of the functioning of the demultiplexer Inputs Outputs First address Second address Informational First Second 0 0 0/1 0 0 1 0 0/1 0/1 0 0 1 0/1 0 0/1 1 1 0/1 0 0

(A block diagram that can be taken as the basis of a simple demultiplexer, see, for example, Analog and Digital Electronics (Full Course): Textbook for high schools / Yu.F. Opadchiy, O.P. Gludkin, A.I. Gurov; Edited by O.P. Gludkin. - M .: Hot line - Telecom, 1999. - P. 542. Fig. 16. 6. As a counter 25, you can use, for example, a reversible counter K555IE 7. See Nefedov AV Integral microcircuits and their foreign analogues: Handbook. V. 5. - M .: KUBK-a, 1997. S.163).

Thus, in the reverse counters of 25 blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M synchronization groups will accumulate numbers in the binary code η ₁ , η ₂ , η ₃ , ..., η _M , corresponding to time intervals (t ₁ -t ₀ ), (t ₂ -t ₁ ), (t ₃ -t ₂ ) ..., (t _M -t _M-1 ), during which the value of the signal z ₂ (t) does not change.

It can be written that

where m = 1, 2, 3, ..., M, and T ₀ is the repetition period of clock pulses.

The pulse from the last (M + 1) -th output of the decoder 7 is fed to the reset input of the first 9 RS-flip-flop., Which sets the logic zero level at its forward output on the leading edge of this pulse. As a result of this, the first 6 and second 12 binary counters stop counting the pulses arriving at their counting inputs, and the decoder 7 stops the decryption process and sets the logic zero levels on all its outputs. At this point in time, a second number will be accumulated in the second 12 binary counter, which determines the total number of samples N _p .

нулевой ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

. С учетом постоянного коэффициента

, входящего в выражение (5), оценка

нулевой ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

равнаThe logic zero level from the output of the first 9 RS-tigger goes to the first input of the And 10 element and prohibits the passage of clock pulses to the counting input of the reverse counter 13. As a result, the number S _xy (0) will be accumulated in the reverse counter 13, which determines the estimate

zero ordinate of the mutual correlation function of signals

and

. Given a constant coefficient

included in expression (5), estimate

zero ordinate of the mutual correlation function of signals

and

is equal to

As shown above, the “Start” signal at the direct output of the second 17 RS-trigger also sets the level of the logical unit, which is fed to the control inputs of the divider 15 with a tunable division ratio and pulse distributor 16 and allows them to work. In this case, according to the “Start” signal, an integer value k of the division coefficient is entered into the divider 15 with a tunable division coefficient, which sets the step Δτ of the measurement delay of the mutual correlation function

where T ₀ - the repetition period of clock pulses from the output of the generator 14 clock pulses; k = 1, 2, 3, ....

At the output of the divider 15 with a tunable division coefficient, we will have a sequence of pulses with a repetition period Δτ = kT ₀ . These pulses will correspond to time instants (t ₀ + Δτ), (t ₀ + 2Δτ), ..., (t ₀ + NΔτ). (As a divider 15 with a tunable division factor, one can use, for example, the well-known K580VI53 programmable timer integrated circuit or its analogs. Operation mode 2 of this timer provides a timer output pulse period equal to k input pulse periods, where k is the initial content of the timer counter. See Aleksenko A.G., Galitsyn A.A., Ivannikov A.D. Designing of electronic equipment on microprocessors: Programming, typical solutions, debugging methods. - M.: Radio and communication, 1984. P.65-72). The pulses from the output of the divider 15 with a tunable division ratio are fed to the information input of the pulse distributor 16 and sequentially passed to its outputs. Moreover, the first pulse passes to the first output. The second pulse passes to the second output, etc. The last N-th pulse passes to the N-th output. (The pulse distributor can be built on the basis of a decoder and a binary counter. In particular, K155ID3 or K555ID3 microcircuits and schemes similar to their purpose can be used as a decoder. For examples of how to use a decoder and how to use them, see, for example, Zeldin E.A. Digital integrated circuits in information-measuring equipment. - L.: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad Department, 1986. P.115-118).

Pulses from the N outputs of the pulse distributor 16 are fed to the trigger inputs of the corresponding N blocks 21 ₁ -21 _{N of the} calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

The pulse from the first output of the pulse distributor 16 after a time Δτ = kT ₀ after the start signal is given, that is, at the time point (t ₀ + Δτ), is fed to the start input of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization block and in this block is fed to the installation input the first 23 RS-flip-flops (see figure 2). At the direct output of the first 23 RS-flip-flop, the level of the logical unit is set, which is fed to the second address input of the demultiplexer 24. If Δτ≥ (t ₁ -t ₀ ), then at this point in time, the account resolution input of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization block will be present the level of logical zero, which is fed to the first address input of the demultiplexer 24. Then, according to the table of truth of operation, the pulses from the information input of the demultiplexer 24 will go to the input of the countdown of the reverse counter 25. If Δτ <(t ₁ -t ₀ ), then at this point in time, at the input of the account resolution of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization block, there will still be a level of the logical unit that goes to the first address input of the demultiplexer 24. In this case, according to the truth table of operation, pulses from the information input demultiplexer 24 will not pass either to the input of the direct counting or to the input of the counting down of the reverse counter 25. Such a situation is equivalent to the simultaneous execution of the operations of direct and reverse counting of the reverse counter 25 (its the content does not change). After the logic zero level is established at the input of the account resolution of the first 18 ₁ synchronization block of the group, the pulses from the information input of the demultiplexer 24 will begin to arrive at the input of the counting down of the reverse counter 25. The receipt of pulses at the counting input of the counting counter 25 causes its contents decreases. The output of the reverse counter 25 is connected to the first input of the comparison circuit 26, to the second input of which a zero code is supplied. At the point in time when the contents of the reverse counter 25 becomes equal to zero, the logic unit level is set at the output of the comparison circuit 26. This point in time will be equal to (t ₁ + Δτ). (For comparison schemes, for example, the K555SP1 microcircuit and its analogs can be used. See Digital Integrated Circuits: Reference Book / M.I. Bogdanovich, I.N. Grel, S. A. Dubina, etc. - 2nd ed. , revised and additional - Mn .: Belarus, Polymya. S.262. Fig. 2.190 and 2.191). The level of the logical unit from the output of the comparison circuit 26 goes to the first input of the And 27 element, the second input of which receives the level of the logical unit from the direct output of the first 23 RS-flip-flop. Thus, at the output of the And 27 element, the level of the logical unit is established, which goes to the second input of the first 22 OR elements and then to the reset input of the first 23 RS-flip-flop. As a result of this, the logic zero level is set at the direct output of the first 23 RS-trigger, which naturally leads to the establishment of the logic zero level and at the output of the And 27 element. All this leads to the fact that at the output of the And 27 element and, therefore, the output of the sign of equality to zero of the first 18 ₁ synchronization block at the time (t ₁ + Δτ) forms a short pulse. Inside the first 18 ₁ block of the group synchronization unit, a short pulse from the output of the And 27 element is supplied to the installation input of the second 29 RS-flip-flop, and its direct output sets the level of the logical unit, which is fed to the control input of the divider 30 with a tunable division factor and allows it to work. This leads to the fact that at the output of the divider 30 with a tunable division coefficient we will have a sequence of pulses with a repetition period Δτ = kT ₀ . These pulses will correspond to time instants (t ₁ + 2Δτ), (t ₁ + 3Δτ), (t ₁ + 4Δτ) ... The pulses from the output of the divider 30 with a tunable division ratio are fed to the output of the strobe pulses of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization block. The level of the logical unit from the direct output of the second 29 RS-trigger also goes to the output of the sign of the issuance of the strobe pulses of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization block.

A short pulse from the output of the sign of equality to zero of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization unit is supplied to the start input of the second 18 ₂ group synchronization unit. The operation of the second 18 ₂ and subsequent 18 ₃ -18 _M synchronization units of the group is similar to the operation of the first 18 ₁ group synchronization unit, with the only difference being that their account resolution inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of decoder 7. This leads to the fact that the outputs of the sign of equality to zero blocks 18 ₂ -18 _M synchronization of the group of short pulses appear respectively at times (t ₂ + Δτ), (t ₃ + Δτ), ..., (t _M + Δτ). In accordance with this, at the output of the strobe pulses of the second 18 ₂ group synchronization block, we will have a sequence of pulses with a repetition period Δτ = kT ₀ that will correspond to time instants (t ₂ + 2Δτ), (t ₂ + 3Δτ), (t ₂ + 4Δτ ) ... At the output of the strobe pulses of the third 18 ₃ group synchronization block, we will have a sequence of pulses with a repetition period Δτ = kT ₀ that will correspond to time instants (t ₃ + 2Δτ), (t ₃ + 3Δτ), (t ₃ + 4Δτ ) ... In the general case, at the output of the strobe pulses of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block, we will have a sequence of pulses with a repetition period Δτ = kT ₀ that will correspond to time instants (t _m + 2Δτ), (t _m + 3Δτ), (t _m + 4Δτ), ..., where m = 1, 2, 3, ..., M.

The pulses from the outputs of the sign of equality to zero of the first (M-1) blocks 18 ₁ -18 _M-1 synchronization groups are supplied to the corresponding inputs of the first 20 ₁ (M-1) -input element OR. As a result, at the output of the first 20 ₁ (M-1) input element OR, we will have a sequential stream of pulses that correspond to time instants (t ₁ + Δτ), (t ₂ + Δτ), (t ₃ + Δτ), ... , (t _M-1 + Δτ). These pulses are fed to the input of the sign change of the first 21 ₁ block of the calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

The outputs of the sign of the issuance of strobe pulses and the outputs of the strobe pulses of M blocks 18 ₁ -18 _{m of the} group synchronization are connected respectively to the control inputs and information inputs of the corresponding M pulse distributors of 19 ₁ -19 _{m of the} group. In their structure, the pulse distributors of the 19 ₁ -19 _m groups are identical to the pulse distributor 16. The operation of each of the M pulse distributors of the 19 ₁ -19 _m groups is the same. Therefore, we consider their functioning using the example of the mth 19 _m (m = 1, 2, 3, ..., M) group pulse distributor. The level of the logical unit from the output of the sign of the issuance of strobe pulses of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block is fed to the control input of the mth 19 _m group of the pulse distributor of the group and allows it to work. This leads to the fact that the pulses arriving at time instants (t _m + 2Δτ), (t _m + 3Δτ), (t _m + 4Δτ), ... from the output of the gate pulses of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block to the information input m-th 19 _{m of} the group pulse distributor, sequentially pass to the outputs of the group pulse distributor. Moreover, the first pulse corresponding to the time instant (t _m + 2Δτ) passes to the first output. The second pulse corresponding to the time instant (t _m + 3Δτ) passes to the second output, etc. The last (M-1) -th pulse corresponding to the time instant (t _m + NΔτ) passes to the (N-1) -th output. The last (N-1) -th pulse from the (N-1) -th output of the m-th 19 _m pulse distributor of the group is fed to the input of the termination of the m-th 18 _m group synchronization block, where it comes from the second input of the second 28 OR element to the reset input of the second 29 RS-flip-flop and sets the logic zero level at its direct output, which goes to the control input of the divider 30 with a tunable division factor and prohibits it from working. Thus, at the output of the strobe pulses and at the output of the sign of issuing the strobe pulses m-th 18 _m of the synchronization block of the group, logical zero levels are set. The logical zero level from the output of the sign of the issuance of strobe pulses of the mth 18 _m group synchronization block is fed to the control input of the mth 19 _m group of the pulse distributor of the group and prevents it from working.

Pulses from the n-th outputs (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N-1) of the first (M-1) pulse distributors of the 19 ₁ -19 _M-1 groups are fed to the inputs of the (n + 1) -th 20 _{n + 1} (M-1) input element OR. As a result, at the output of the (n + 1) th 20 _{n + 1} (М-1) input element OR, we obtain a sequence of pulses corresponding to time instants (t ₁ + (n + 1) Δτ), (t ₂ + (n + 1) Δτ), (t ₃ + (n + 1) Δτ), ..., (t _M-1 + (n + 1) Δτ). So, at the output of the second 20 ₂ (M-1) -input OR element, we will have a sequence of pulses corresponding to time instants (t ₁ + 2Δτ), (t ₂ + 2Δτ), (t ₃ + 2Δτ), ..., (t _M-1 + 2Δτ). At the output of the third 20 ₃ (M-1) -input OR element we will have a pulse train corresponding to time instants (t ₁ + 3Δτ), (t ₂ + 3Δτ), (t ₃ + 3Δτ), ..., (t _{m -1} + 3Δτ). At the output of the last Nth 20 _N (M-1) input element OR we will have a sequence of pulses corresponding to time instants (t ₁ + NΔτ), (t ₂ + NΔτ), (t ₃ + NΔτ), ..., (t _M-1 + NΔτ).

Thus, at the output of the nth 20 _n (M-1) input element OR (n = 1, 2, 3, ..., N) we have a pulse train that determines the signal z ₂ (t), delayed by nΔτ. This sequence of pulses arrives at the input of the sign change of the nth block 21 _n calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

Now consider the work of blocks 21 ₁ -21 _N calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function.

первой ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

. С учетом постоянного коэффициента

, входящего в выражение (5), оценка

первой ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

равнаThe pulse from the first output of the pulse distributor 16 simultaneously with the input to the start input of the first 18 ₁ synchronization block is fed to the start input of the first 21 ₁ block of the calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function. This pulse at the direct output of the RS flip-flop 32 establishes the level of the logical unit, which goes to the second input of the And 33 element and allows the passage of clock pulses from its first input to the counting input of the reverse counter 37. The count direction of the reverse counter 37 is controlled by the signal from the output of the second 36 elements EXCLUSIVE OR. Consider the formation of this signal. Pulses from the output of the first 20 ₁ (M-1) input element OR at time instants (t ₁ + Δτ), (t ₂ + Δτ), (t ₃ + Δτ), ..., (t _M-1 + Δτ ) go to the input of the sign change of the first 21 ₁ block of calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function and, therefore, go to the counting input of the T-trigger 34. (For T-trigger 24, you can use, for example, trigger K555TV9. See Nefedov A .V. Integrated microcircuits and their foreign analogues: Handbook. V. 5. - M .: KUBK-a, 1997. - p.278). Recall that after the action of the “Start” signal, the logic zero level is set at the direct output of this trigger. At time instants (t ₁ + Δτ), (t ₂ + Δτ), (t ₃ + Δτ), ..., (t _M-1 + Δτ), the states of the T-trigger 24 are sequentially changed. The signal from the direct output of this The trigger goes to the second input of the first 35 EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which is connected to the direct output of the D-trigger 8 through the input of the initial state of the unit, in which the initial value of the signal z ₂ (t), that is, z ₂ (t ₀ ), is stored. As a result, at the output of the first 35 element EXCLUSIVE OR we will have a signal corresponding to the output signal z ₂ (t) of the second 4 comparator, but delayed by the value Δτ, that is, it will be the signal z ₂ (t-Δτ). The signal z ₂ (t-Δτ) from the output of the first 35 EXCLUSIVE OR element is supplied to the second input of the second 36 EXCLUSIVE OR element, the first input of which receives the signal z ₁ (t) from the output of the first comparator 3. The second 36 EXCLUSIVE OR element multiplying the signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t-Δτ). If the signs of the signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t-Δτ) coincide, then at the output of the second 36 EXCLUSIVE OR elements, a logic zero level will be present. This means that the result of the product of these signals is “+1”. If the signs of the signals z ₁ (t) and z ₂ (t-Δτ) are opposite, then the output of the second 36 element EXCLUSIVE OR will be the level of a logical unit. This means that the result of the product of these signals is “-1”. The signal from the output of the second 36 element EXCLUSIVE OR is fed to the input of the direction control of the counting counter 37. In this case, the logic zero level at this input will determine the direct counting of the counting counter 37 (summing mode), and the level of the logical unit will determine the counting down of the counting counter 37 (subtracting mode ) At the moment of time (t _M + Δτ), the pulse from the output of the sign of equal to zero of the last 18 _M of the group synchronization block is input to the termination input of the first 20 ₁ block of the calculation of the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function and then to the first input of the OR element 31, from the output of which it arrives at the reset input of the RS-trigger 32. As a result, the logic-zero level is set at the direct output of the RS-trigger 32, which goes to the second input of the And 33 element and blocks the passage of clock pulses from its first input to the counting input of the reverse ivnogo counter 37. At this point of time in the down counter 37 will have accumulated the number S _xy (Δτ), which determines an estimate

the first ordinate of the mutual correlation function of the signals

and

. Given a constant coefficient

included in expression (5), estimate

the first ordinate of the mutual correlation function of the signals

and

is equal to

n-й ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

. С учетом постоянного коэффициента

, входящего в выражение (5), оценка

n-ой ординаты взаимной корреляционной функции сигналов

и

равнаThe work of blocks 21 ₂ -21 _n computing the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function is similar to the work of the first 21 ₁ block computing the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function. It should be noted only that the pulses to the inputs of the termination of the counting blocks 21 ₂ -21 _{N of the} calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function come from the corresponding outputs of the last M-th pulse distributor of the 19 _m group, respectively, at time instants (t _M + 2Δτ), ( t _M + 3Δτ), ..., (t _M + NΔτ). Generally, the down counter 37 in the n-th calculation unit 21, the ordinate _n of the correlation (cross-correlation) function will be accumulated number S _xy (nΔτ) in binary code, which determines an estimate

nth ordinate of the mutual correlation function of signals

and

. Given a constant coefficient

included in expression (5), estimate

nth ordinate of the mutual correlation function of signals

and

is equal to

The pulse from the last N-th output of the pulse distributor 16 is also fed to the reset input of the RS flip-flop 17 and sets a logic zero on its direct output, which prohibits the operation of the divider 15 with a tunable division factor and pulse distributor 16. At this, the process of measuring the mutual correlation function R _xy (τ) ends.

поступает на оба входа коррелометра, то есть на первые входы первого 3 и второго 4 компараторов. При этом в реверсивном счетчике 13 и в реверсивных счетчиках 37 блоков 21₁-21_N вычисления ординат корреляционной (взаимной корреляционной) функции будут накапливаться в двоичном коде соответственно числа S_xx(0) и S_xx(Δτ), S_xx(2Δτ), S_xx(3Δτ), ..., S_xx(NΔτ), которые определяют соответственно оценку

нулевой ординаты и оценки

,

,

,...,

последующих N ординат корреляционной функции сигнала

. С учетом постоянного коэффициента

, входящего в выражение (4), в общем случае оценки

ординат корреляционной функции сигнала

будут равныThe procedure for measuring the correlation function R_xx(τ) is similar to the above process of measuring the mutual correlation function R_xy(τ). The only difference is that the centered random signal under study

 arrives at both inputs of the correlometer, that is, at the first inputs of the first 3 and second 4 comparators. Moreover, in the reverse counter 13 and in the reverse counters 37 blocks 21₁-21_N calculations of the ordinates of the correlation (cross-correlation) function will accumulate in binary code, respectively, of the number S_xx(0) and S_xx(Δτ), S_xx(2Δτ), S_xx(3Δτ), ..., S_xx(NΔτ), which respectively determine the estimate

 zero ordinate and grades

,

,

, ...,

 subsequent N ordinates of the signal correlation function

. Given a constant coefficient

included in expression (4), in the general case of the estimate

 ordinates of the signal correlation function

 will be equal

where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., N.

From the above description it is seen that in comparison with the prototype device, the proposed device has a simpler structure. In this case, the main operations are pulse distribution procedures.

Technically, the proposed device is implemented on standard elements that are widely known and used in modern technology. Moreover, at the current level of development of the technology for the production of integrated circuits in the future, it is advisable to implement such a device or its individual blocks (synchronization blocks, pulse distributors and ordinate calculation units of the correlation (mutual correlation) function) in the form of large integrated circuits.

Claims (2)

1. A parallel sign correlometer containing the first and second generators of randomly uniformly distributed signals, the outputs of which are connected to the second inputs of the first and second comparators, respectively, the first inputs of which are the first and second inputs of the correlometer, the output of the first comparator is connected to the first input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element and with the information input of each of the N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the second comparator is connected to the input of the form short pulse generator, with the second input of the EXCLUSIVE OR element and with the D-input of the D-trigger, the clock input of which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the input of the sign of the initial state of each of the N blocks of correlation ordinates (mutual correlation) functions, the output of the short-pulse generator is connected to the counting input of the first binary counter, the output of which is connected to the address input of the decoder, the last (M + 1) -th output of which is connected to the reset input of the first D-trigger, the input is set to which is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the direct output is connected to the first input of the And element, with the decoder decryption enable input and with the count enable inputs of the first and second binary counters, the output of the clock generator is connected to the counting input of the divider with a tunable division ratio, with the second input of the And element, with the counting input of the second binary counter and with the counting inputs of N blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the output of the And element is connected to the counting the input of the reverse counter, the input of the direction control of the account of which is connected to the output of the EXCLUSIVE OR element, the zeroing inputs of the first and second binary counters, the zeroing input of the reverse counter and the initial setup inputs of all N blocks of the calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function are combined and connected to the “Start” input ”Of the correlometer, the output of the second binary counter is one of the outputs of the correlometer and carries information about the length of the measurement time, the output of the reverse counter is the output of evaluating the zero ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the installation input of the divider with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, and the input of setting the division factor is the input of the job of the delay step for measuring the correlation (mutual correlation) function of the correlometer, the control input of the divider with tunable the division coefficient and the control input of the pulse distributor are combined and connected to the direct output of the second RS-trigger, the installation input of which is connected is correlated to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the output of the divider with a tunable division coefficient is connected to the information input of the pulse distributor, N outputs of which are connected to the start inputs of the corresponding N blocks of calculation of the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the last Nth output of the pulse distributor is connected to the input reset the second RS-trigger, the outputs of the N (M-1) -input elements OR are connected to the sign-change inputs of the corresponding blocks for calculating the ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, the outputs of which are outputs of estimates of the corresponding ordinates of the correlation (mutual correlation) function, characterized in that a group containing M synchronization units and a group containing M pulse distributors are introduced into it, the first M outputs of the decoder connected to the account resolution inputs of the corresponding M synchronization units groups, inputs of the task of the period of issuing the strobe pulses of M synchronization units of the group are combined and connected to the input of the task of the step of the delay of measurement of the correlation (mutual to correlation) functions of the correlometer, the inputs of the initial installation of M group synchronization blocks are combined and connected to the “Start” input of the correlometer, the counting inputs of M group synchronization blocks are combined and connected to the output of the clock pulse generator, the first output of the pulse distributor is connected to the start input of the first group synchronization block, the output of the zero sign of the previous group synchronization block is connected to the start input of the next group synchronization block, the output of the zero sign of the last Mth the group synchronization unit is connected to the counting input of the first correlation (cross-correlation) function ordinate calculation unit, the outputs of the zero sign of the first M-1 synchronization units of the group are connected to the inputs of the first (M-1) input element OR, the strobe output signals M the group synchronization blocks are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding M group of pulse distributors, the outputs of the strobe pulses of the M group synchronization blocks are connected to the information inputs, respectively of the existing M pulse distributors of the group, the nth outputs (n = 1,2,3, ..., N-1) of the first M-1 pulse distributors of the group are connected to the inputs of the (n + 1) th (M-1) - input element OR, the (N-1) -th output of each of the group's pulse distributors is connected to the termination input of the corresponding group synchronization block, the nth output (n = 1,2,3, ..., N-1) of the last M -th pulse distributor of the group is connected to the input of the termination of the account of the (n + 1) -th block for calculating the ordinate of the correlation (mutual correlation) function. 2. The parallel sign correlometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronization unit contains the first and second OR elements, the first and second RS flip-flops, a demultiplexer, a reversible counter, an And element, a comparison circuit and a divider with a tunable division factor, wherein the information input the demultiplexer and the counting input of the divider with a tunable division factor are combined and are the counting input of the synchronization block, the first address input of the demultiplexer is the input of the resolution of the count of the synchronization block, the first input the first and second OR elements, the input of the zeroing of the reversible counter and the installation input of the divider with a tunable division coefficient are combined and are the input of the initial installation of the synchronization unit, the installation input of the first RS-trigger is the input of the start of the synchronization unit, the second input of the second OR element is the input of the shutdown of the synchronization unit , the input of the job of the division factor of the divider with the tunable division factor is the input of the job of the period of issuing the strobe pulses of the sync block onization, the output of the first OR element is connected to the reset input of the first RS-flip-flop, the direct output of which is connected to the second address input of the demultiplexer and to the second input of the And element, the first and second outputs of the demultiplexer are connected respectively to the inputs of the forward and reverse counters of the reverse counter, the output of which is connected with the first input of the comparison circuit, to the second input of which a zero code is supplied, the output of the comparison circuit is connected to the first input of the AND element, the output of which is connected to the second input of the first OR element, with the input m of the installation of the second D-flip-flop and is the output of the zero sign of the synchronization block, the output of the second OR element is connected to the reset input of the second RS-flip-flop, the direct output of which is connected to the divider control input with a tunable division factor and is the output of the sign of issuing strobe pulses of the synchronization block, the output of the divider with a tunable division ratio is the output of the strobe pulses of the synchronization unit.

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