RU2249852C2 - Method for coordination of data blocks for automated engineering of programmed controllers software - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: computer science.

SUBSTANCE: data concerning each element or event is recorded in data blocks as separate element, characteristic signs of each executive mechanism or controlled event are formed, and on basis thereof - parameters, this parameters are compared to parameters of typical programming schemes, necessary additional parameters are inputted on basis of detected mismatch, space-time position of each executive mechanism is determined in interaction with other ones, list of addresses of operands in command list is formed and received data array is used as software.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

2 cl, 7 dwg, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to computer technology and can be used to reconcile data blocks containing information about moving objects of technological equipment, including spatio-temporal values of these objects, with data blocks of characteristics of typical programming schemes for alleged events for further use of the resulting array of information as microprocessor software process equipment control systems.

Currently used methods of processing initial information and compiling mathematical software for writing to the memory of a programmable logic controller (PLC) as part of a process equipment control system involve the involvement of experts in logical control and automatic regulation, with knowledge of technological programming languages and the skills to compose special technological operation algorithms equipment.

There is a method of matching data blocks with time values in a sequence of time values for monitoring events that are related to the time of their implementation, associated with the state of objects such as machines and rooms, in which each controlled event is assigned a specific time value from a sequence of time values and entered blocks of data corresponding to a particular monitored event, to the memory of the digital computer at the corresponding addresses (RF Patent N 2111537, IPC class G 06 F 17/00, 1990). This method is closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution and adopted by us for the closest analogue.

This type of activity involves the use of an individual approach in describing the functioning of each element of technological equipment in a particular language environment, determined by the type of controller used or by the manufacturer (company).

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for matching data blocks containing information about moving objects of technological equipment and spatio-temporal values of these objects with data blocks of characteristics of typical schemes of mechanisms, with the help of which, without unnecessary expenses and without knowledge of specialized languages of technological programming, initial information can be obtained , which is used as initial data for creating arrays of information stored in microprocessor memory x process equipment control systems as software for PLC.

To solve the problem in a method of matching data blocks with time values in a sequence of time values, where each element of technological equipment or a monitored event, as a database element, is assigned a specific time value from a sequence of time values and data blocks corresponding to a particular element or controlled event in the memory of the computer at the appropriate addresses, according to the claimed invention, information about each controlled in a sequence of time values, a technological equipment element or an alleged controlled event is entered into data blocks as a separate element, the characteristic features of each actuator of the technological equipment or controlled expected event are formed in a sequence of controlled temporal values and the necessary parameters are formed based on the characteristic signs, characteristic parameters are compared with the parameters in advance certain typical programming schemes, input Based on the revealed discrepancy, the necessary additional parameters are determined, determine the spatio-temporal position of each actuator in interaction with each of the mechanisms interfacing with it, and the spatio-temporal position of priority actuators in conjunction with the parameters of the processing positions, form a list of addresses of the necessary operands used as part of list of commands. describing typical programming schemes of actuators, processing positions, a group of processing positions or an alleged controlled event as an element of the technological equipment database, and use the correspondingly formatted list of commands as mathematical software for a programmable logic controller (PLC) corresponding to the algorithm for moving each technological element equipment in a sequence of time values correlated to TERM implementation.

When working with objects, the source text of technological programs entered into the memory of microprocessor control systems for technological equipment as mathematical software for a programmable logic controller is generated automatically.

Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the appearance in time of groups of nodal signs and groups of signs of mismatch from 1 to i-th order, consisting of a combination of mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and spatio-temporal component signs of objects (for example, moving mechanisms) or expected events .

Figure 2-4 presents a block diagram of the processes of preparation and formation of software control units for each element of technological equipment.

Figure 5 presents a block diagram of the formation of diagnostic data for further use in creating mathematical software.

Figure 6 presents a block diagram of the formation of the original data array for creating software blocks for managing processing positions.

Figure 7 presents a block diagram of the formation of the initial data array for creating software control units with priority actuating mechanisms relative to the processing positions, a central control unit for all processing positions in the complex, as well as auxiliary processes.

Table 1 (on 2 sheets) shows an example of filling in the characteristics of the parameters in accordance with the number and type of the indicated discharge.

Table 2 - data with an example of filling in the characteristics of the parameters for the processing position.

Tables 3 and 4 show examples of changes and additions of spatio-temporal parameters upon detection of a mismatch or insufficient data to fill in the groups of bits.

Table 5 shows an example of message diagnostic generation.

The method is described by the example of application in the organization of a computer-aided design system for mathematical support of control systems based on PLC SIMATIK f. SIEMENS. Germany (similar to PLC f. ALLEN-BREDLEY, USA, PLC S-300 PTO AVTOVAZ JSC) for technological equipment used in the automotive industry, for example, automatic lines and aggregate machines containing elements of processing positions, including: actuators, monitoring sensors and systems, control panels, both commissioning and central, a lubrication system, a transport system, a hydraulic equipment system, an electrical equipment system, etc.

The initial (primary) data array is a set of nodal signs of all the necessary objects and events, designated from 1 to m, which in the future, according to the proposed method, is used to determine compliance with typical schemes of signs from 1 to k, which in turn represent a set of characteristic signs of specific objects, for example, elements of technological equipment (pinole, power table, spindle, etc.) or events that occur (movement of the portal manipulator, supply of the processing head, Selecting the disk rotational speed, the output of the diagnostic messages, display of dynamic and static states of the moving object and the current processes, etc.).

In figure 1, the positions 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, the mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and spatio-temporal components of the signs of all objects and proposed events, designated from 1 to n.

In accordance with the invention, from the combination of features 1, 2, 3, and 4 (FIG. 1), nodal features of a particular object are formed by reading the data lines of all the component features, resulting in a collection of all the features of the object or event representing the original (primary) data array for further transformation according to the proposed method.

Based on the correspondence or inconsistency for each feature of each object, the next array of data blocks representing the nodal signs of the 1st order mismatch is formed as an element of the i-th order set, correlated with a specific time value in the time sequence. For practical use, a sufficient condition is i = 3.

Positions 5, 6, 7 in figure 1 indicate the nodal signs of mismatch of the 1st, 2nd, i-th order, respectively.

A text display of an array of nodal signs of nonconformity of any order is displayed on the PC screen (personal computer) in the form of menu groups with the possibility of selecting and entering missing information (in order to fill out and eliminate the inconsistency). The read time is associated with a specific address in which at least one data block is located, which can be read, displayed or changed. Thus, interactively in a dialogue mode, it is possible to simply and quickly select data related to a time sequence in order to, for example, indicate, change or lead to a new state.

The order of nodal signs of non-compliance can be increased or decreased within the limits of the memory allocated for this. In this way, the time axis (pos. 8) can be simply and quickly set. Due to this, in accordance with certain addresses can also be defined specific data blocks, which, for example, need to be changed. The addresses selected using the time axis are entered into commands that, for example, are entered from the keyboard to read data blocks, rearrange them or change their structure and content.

The method can be carried out using a personal computer. As the input device (item 9 in figure 1) can be used a keyboard, a mouse, etc.

Figure 2-7 illustrates the application of the method corresponding to the invention in organizing a computer-aided design system for mathematical support of control systems based on PLC SIMATIK f. SIEMENS (similar to PLC f. ALLEN-BREDLEY, PLC C-300 f. PTO AVTOVAZ JSC) for technological equipment used in the automotive industry.

According to the proposed method, each element of technological equipment or a controlled event, as a database element, is assigned a specific time value from a sequence of time values.

To do this, set the time axis of the sequence of time values (pos. 10 in Fig. 1) from L1 to Li, where each value of L corresponds to the current time value during each execution of steps 1 through 45 (Figs. 2-4), and for each item of technological equipment will fill in a line of a data block displaying its characteristic parameters. The electrical component of the element:

- type of element

- identifier of the operand address,

- name (comment),

- designation

- address identifiers of all parameters of all elements that influenced the control of this element, as well as parameters necessary for analysis and comparison with the parameters of the corresponding standard schemes,

- identifiers of addresses of elements corresponding to the spatio-temporal state of a moving object,

- the type of programming scheme (control), in accordance with which it is necessary to identify the mechanism to which this element belongs,

- identifiers of the spatio-temporal position of an element in a sequence of temporary events associated with a change in the state of the corresponding elements of a controlled event.

The mechanical component of the element:

- type of element

- name,

- designation

- number of the control panel from which this element is controlled,

- mode number on a specific control panel,

- type of mechanism to which this element belongs.

The hydraulic (pneumatic) component of the element:

-identifiers of the spatio-temporal position of an element of hydropneumatic equipment.

Blocks of data corresponding to a particular element or event being monitored are stored in the memory of the digital computer at the corresponding addresses.

In this case, the data values of the corresponding line recorded in the memory can be changed using data input means, for example, a keyboard or a mouse.

For the automatic design system (see figure 2) create the following data arrays:

- an array of data on the mechanokinematic properties of the object (machine),

- an array of data on the hydraulic properties of specific components and mechanisms,

- an array of data on the electrical properties of the object,

- an array of data on the spatio-temporal position and interaction of controlled objects (components and mechanisms of the machine),

- an array of data for adaptation in the "man - equipment" system

- an array of data and "libraries" with a typical set of properties of various control objects, as well as a typical set of supposed accomplished controlled events associated with these objects.

The data array on the mechanokinematic properties (ISS) of the object (machine) contains information on the names of all mechanisms and nodes, designations of all actuators, a list of names and designations of all sensors that control the dynamic and static states of moving objects, the position of each actuator, etc. .

The data array on the hydraulic properties of the specific units and mechanisms contains information on the operating and auxiliary pressure values for the respective mechanisms, data on the controlled hydropneumatic equipment (type, designation, name, node and position accessory, etc.)

The array of data on the electrical properties (ES) of the object contains information about the supply voltages of the controlled objects, their power characteristics, the shape of the control signals, the structure (type) of the output, the output function, the number of switches, addressing, which uniquely determines the correspondence (binding) of all elements of technological equipment with control system, etc.

The array of data on the spatio-temporal position (PVP) and the interaction of controlled objects contains information on the lengths of displacement at idle, the lengths of the working feeds, the lengths of auxiliary and accelerated moves, the spatial position of the objects and their relationship to the time axis, the spatio-temporal interaction of mating objects and etc.

The data array for adaptation in the "man-equipment" system (ASCS) contains information about the elements (bodies) of control through which the service personnel directly affects the current process, the necessary and sufficient modes of autonomous operation of the equipment, as well as in the adjustment (manual, semi-automatic ) modes, information on all available control panels, etc.

All information in the data arrays is recorded as data rows consisting of groups of digits. Each group of digits contains at least one digit.

The application of the method corresponding to the invention in a computer-aided design system for mathematical support of PLC-based control systems will be considered in the form of a flowchart of processing procedures containing individual technological operations in block form with explanations related thereto (Figs. 2-7).

At stage 1 (figure 2) (the stage number is indicated conditionally) selects the desired directory, the designation of which mainly coincides with the number of the working draft, which contains all the necessary databases listed above related to this project.

At stage 2, the directory is set by entering its designation in the keyboard from the keyboard in any form, with the name length limited to 8 characters.

This catalog collects the final information in the form of program blocks of the RV type, organizational blocks of the OB, functional blocks of the FB, blocks of symbolic data, etc., intended for compilation and transfer to the PLC of the corresponding type.

At step 3, check the availability of all source databases and initialize them, i.e. each element of the technological equipment controlled in a sequence of time values or an alleged controlled event is recorded in data blocks as a separate element.

In the absence of one of the databases, you must specify its name with a description of the path or enter it again by selecting the appropriate menu item (step 4).

At stage 5, the element-by-element sorting of the characteristics of the elements of technological equipment and the creation of a unified database, each row of which contains all the information related to a particular element, takes place. Each category contains a certain type of information with an identifier for each of its components. At the same time, at step 6, the overall configuration of the process equipment is determined. That is, the number and type of processing positions, the number and types of control panels, both commissioning and central, type of hydraulic equipment system, type of lubrication system, type of coolant system, type of transport system, etc. are determined. Information is taken from the corresponding bits of the above database.

At step 8, arrays of technological equipment elements corresponding to the category of actuators or controlled events are selected and created, and characteristic features of each actuator of technological equipment or a contemplated expected event are formed in a sequence of controlled time values, for example, such as those shown in table 1 in the column " category designation ", and each category corresponds to one specific attribute. Each characteristic attribute is assigned a specific value by writing to the corresponding category the necessary value, which is subsequently a parameter of this characteristic, i.e. form characteristic parameters for characteristic signs.

An example of the above is row n in the column "element numbers" of Table 1, and the discharge "type of programming scheme" is reserved for filling in the future.

A similar procedure is carried out at stage 7, where arrays of sensors are created, sorted by nodal and positional affiliation while filling in the desired category with a communication identifier with a specific processing position.

At step 9, an array of cross-references is created to determine the relationships of all the described elements of technological equipment in the form of a separate data block.

Steps 10-14 (FIG. 2) and 15.16 (FIG. 3) will determine the procedure for checking previous operations in block form with explanations related to them, and the unfilled bits detected in this case are displayed on the terminal screen with the possibility of entering the necessary information in the form list of possible for this category of names of characteristics (table 1). The flowcharts of the processing procedures comprise separate process steps in block form with explanations related thereto.

At step 17 (Fig. 3), the created arrays and databases are converted to a single format that determines the unique correspondence of the bits of the rows, the identifiers of the groups of bits, all the information within each bit within the allocated memory.

At step 18.19, the corresponding reserved bit is filled with an identifier of the type of programming scheme (TPN), according to which a further assessment (comparison) of each item of equipment is carried out for the adequacy and compliance of the characteristic parameters of this item with the parameters of the specified typical programming scheme. The mismatch or absence of some parameters causes the appearance of the next list of parameters specific to this programming scheme, which can be selected by moving the cursor with the keyboard keys or the mouse within the provided menu. Missing additional parameters are entered into the corresponding reserved word bits above the created database, based on the identified inconsistency. The process will be repeated (steps 23, 24, 25) until all bits reserved for the given programming scheme are completely filled.

For example, for the programming circuit S08, corresponding to the SEHY400 / 600 deep-hole electromechanical table, with multiple cutting tool output, there is no parameter (end of the first rebound) of the first drilling cycle at spindle speed S1. In this case, the parameters specific to the SST S08 are requested.

Step 20 is a counter of actuators (c), the total number of which is d. At step 21, the actuator corresponding to the mode number Z is selected through the menu provided. The typing process occurs simultaneously with the mode number on the control panel of the processing position.

At step 22, the number of selected modes is counted.

At step 26 (Fig. 4), the correspondence of the Z value to the number of reserved modes (for example, 23) is evaluated. The end of the above processes allows you to go to steps 28-33, which represent the selection process, through which I’m presented with the help of the keyboard or mouse buttons of the desired line that determines the start of the subsequent operation. In this case, flowcharts of the procedures of operations 35, 38, 39 are presented in FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and contain individual technological operations in block form and explanations related thereto.

At steps 46-52, a summary table of diagnostic data is generated, on the basis of which program blocks for central control diagnostics are created (step 44 in FIG. 4).

At step 46, enter the desired numbers of diagnostic messages (DS) in accordance with the statement of work and enter them into the data block in the form of a string consisting of groups of bits. The number of digits is determined by the level of diagnostic depth. The depth level (order) of the diagnostics is set by entering a digital value into the corresponding bit of the data word (step 48). In the absence of technical specifications, the selection of diagnostic messages and their numbers is carried out by default in accordance with a typical scheme for programming diagnostic messages from an array of library data. In addition, each diagnostic message has its own level of diagnostic depth, determined at step 48 (see table 5).

At step 49, the adequacy of the diagnostic messages is evaluated. If necessary, additional DSs and parameters characterizing them are introduced and entered into the corresponding bits of the data block line for diagnostics (step 50).

At step 51, a summary table of diagnostic data is generated, which can be adjusted using the data input means.

The description of the procedures of step 35 is shown in Fig.6. At step 53 (FIG. 6), for the position selected by the number of the corresponding control panel, the time range T1 is set for the sequence of supposed controlled events or movements of the actuators of this position in the time sequence determined by the time scale t1 and determining the complete cycle completed in time. The value entered can be, for example, 100 seconds. By introducing increments of the time value Δt for a given timeline t1 in a previously defined time range, T1 divides the time axis into i equal segments, from which within each determines the spatio-temporal position of each actuator of this position in interaction with each of the mechanisms interfacing with it ( step 55). The value of the time increment discrete Δt is selected based on considerations of the proportionality of numerical values for actuators, the time range of which in the discharge of temporal characteristics has the smallest value. For each ti-th time range, missing parameters are determined, determined from the ratio of the time characteristics of each actuator mating at the given time ti, the time characteristics of which are read from the corresponding bits, the corresponding group and the words of the data array generated in step 54.

At step 56, increases the value of ti by the increment discrete Δt. At the 1st stage of the increment Δt, step 57 (Fig. 6) presents the possibility of changing and adding spatio-temporal parameters, if a mismatch or insufficient data is found to fill out the groups of bits for the parameters forming the corresponding words of the arrays of data blocks at steps 59, 60. The menu provided in this case determines the set of possible choices, for example, as shown in table 1.

At the end of step 57, the counter of the elements (actuators) of the position is increased by "1" (step 58).

At step 59, a data array is formed where each row is a subarray whose row numbers correspond to the sequence Δt1 on the timeline t1 in the range T1. Each row of the main array is a row of the j-th element of this position (see Fig.6).

At step 61, it is checked that the element counter (step 58) has reached its limit value, which corresponds to the number of elements in the array generated at step 54. Each passage of the 62nd step adds another row of parameters for ti point in time.

At step 63, the obtained data is converted to the format necessary for the process of step 42 of FIG. 4.

The procedures of step 38 are described in FIG. 7.

At step 64 (Fig. 7), a timeline t3 is set by setting the time range of the TK and increment increments of the time value Δt3 for a sequence of expected events in a certain time range. In a typical embodiment, TK is defined as the total cycle time of an automatic line or an aggregate machine in the sequence of technological operations. Time values are entered via the keyboard.

At step 65, elements are selected from the main data array and associated characteristics that are priority in relation to the processing positions, that is, the processing positions are controlled in conjunction with the spatio-temporal position of the “priority” actuators. In this case, consider the processing position with a set of its actuators, controls, controls, etc. as one element of the database array formed in step 63 (Fig.6) and included in the data array of step 65 (Fig.7).

At step 69 (Fig. 7), the time axis t2 displays the process of generating data arrays in time, the rows of words of which are filled with the characteristics of the parameters of the processing positions, as a mating element with the above-mentioned priority actuators. Examples of priority in relation to processing positions can serve as a transport system of automatic lines, rotary-dividing tables of aggregate machines, various types of tilters, systems of transport and clamping devices, etc.

In each t3i-th moment of time, the spatio-temporal position of the priority mechanism is determined (step 66) in accordance with the parameters of the processing positions, which in turn correspond to each t2i-th value of the time scale t2 (step 70). Characteristics of the parameters for the processing position may look, for example, as in table 2.

At step 68, it is possible to change (if necessary) the spatio-temporal values of the parameters of the current elements, and the variable parameters are provided for selection in the form of a menu, depending on the current point in time on the timeline 13. The process is repeated until the time axis t3 has completely passed.

At 72, the achievement of the value of t3, its limit value T3, is estimated, i.e. a value determined in advance of the range corresponding to the total cycle time, for example, an automatic line.

At step 73, a data array is generated to create program blocks for central control of positions and priority mechanisms and is entered into the data block in the form of lines with filling in the corresponding bits with the parameters of the described objects.

At the end of each step 35, 38, 39 (Fig. 4), an initial data array is formed to create the corresponding program blocks representing the database, where each row represents a list of all necessary operands, indicating the identifier of a specific typical programming scheme to which this line.

In each of steps 40-45, a list of addresses of the necessary operands is used, which are used as part of the list of instructions describing typical programming schemes of actuators, processing positions, a group of processing positions or an expected controlled event, as an element of the technological equipment database, i.e. the list of addresses of all operands is added to the list of commands that describe this typical programming scheme. Depending on the type of operand, the assigned address can be the physical PLC input or output address described in steps 3, 4, 5, or the automatically assigned number of the next freely programmable bit, byte or word, or the next number of the free timer, or the next number of the free counter, etc. .d.

The combined list of commands obtained as a result of all the steps is formatted according to the type of PLC used and mathematical software for a programmable logic controller is used as the source code of a technological program, for example, SIMATIK f. SIEMENS or PLC C 300 f. VET JSC "AVTOVAZ", corresponding to the algorithm for moving each element of technological equipment in a sequence of time values to control events that are related to the time of their implementation and associated with the state of the controlled equipment elements in accordance with each controlled state of each controlled element and its spatio-temporal value. The syntax of commands and instructions is automatically determined depending on the selected PLC type.

Thus, according to the proposed method, when working with objects, the source text of technological programs stored in microprocessor control systems of technological equipment as mathematical software for a programmable logic controller is generated automatically. The features of this method include the fact that its use allows you to automatically expand the basic variants of typical circuits for actuators, use previously created such arrays of information, correct and change them at certain stages of the formation of mathematical software. According to the proposed method, the characteristics of the parameters of the elements necessary for further use when creating the PLC software are determined automatically, and the selection of the missing characteristics of the necessary parameters of the elements of the process equipment is carried out through a menu that provides all the options that are possible at this stage of formation.

According to Fig.6, a group of actuators, combined in a processing position, is considered as one of the elements of the space-time dependence, having its own typical programming scheme for identifying compliance. A group of processing positions, combined into a single technological chain, is also considered as one of the elements of the space-time dependence, which has its own typical programming scheme for identifying compliance.

Examples of a specific implementation of the method are software for machines: aggregate for processing the thrust tip assembly of a VAZ 2123-1703170 automobile. Equipment code 001.088.335.

Claims (2)

1. A method for reconciling data blocks for computer-aided design of software for programmable controllers, according to which each element of the technological equipment or controlled event, as a database element, is assigned a specific time value from a sequence of time values and data blocks corresponding to a particular element or controlled event are entered , to the memory of the digital computer at the appropriate addresses, characterized in that the information about each is controlled m in a sequence of time values an element of technological equipment or a contemplated controllable event is entered into data blocks as a separate element, the characteristic features of each actuator of technological equipment or a contemplated contemplated event are formed in a sequence of controllable temporal values and form the necessary parameters based on characteristic signs, compare the characteristic parameters with parameters of predefined standard programming schemes, introduce the necessary additional parameters, based on the detected inconsistency, determine the spatio-temporal position of each actuator in the sequence of temporary events in interaction with each of the mechanisms interfacing with it, and the spatio-temporal position of priority actuators in the sequence of temporal events in correlation with the parameters of the processing positions, form a list of addresses of the necessary operands used as part of the list of instructions They use typical programming schemes for actuators, processing positions, a group of processing positions, or an expected controlled event as an element of the technological equipment database, and use the correspondingly formatted list of commands as mathematical software for a programmable logic controller (PLC) corresponding to the algorithm for moving each technological element equipment in a sequence of time values correlated with time mute their implementation. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when working with objects, the source text of technological programs entered into the memory of microprocessor control systems of technological equipment as mathematical software for a programmable logic controller is formed automatically.

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