RU2241874C1 - Electromagnetic brake - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: electromagnetic brake has electromagnet, brake block, and braking drum mounted on the shaft. The electromagnetic brake is provided with plates made of a magnetically hard material. The plates are arranged radially on the braking drum. The braking drum is made of nonmagnetic material. The same poles of the plates are arranged from the different sides of the braking drum. The electromagnetic brake is also provided with the electromagnetic pickup of switching polarity, position pickup, brake pedal position pickup, control block, phase inverter with current regulator, and comparator. The comparator is directly connected with the power source. The first input of the comparator is connected with the electromagnets through the phase inverter and source of the magnetic field. The electromagnets are mounted with a spaced relation to the braking drum. The second input of the comparator is connected with the electromagnetic pickup of switching polarity through the position pickup. The electromagnetic pickup for switching polarity engages the gear wheel secured to the axle of the braking drum. The number of teeth of the gear wheel is greater than the number of plates made of magnetically hard material by a factor of two. The angle between the tops of the adjacent teeth corresponds to the period of polarity variation.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and is intended for fleeting, smooth individual braking of repeatedly repeated mechanisms of the same type with an individual drive in the same device.

Known disk-shoe brake with thermoelectric cooling (RF patent 2124153, 6 F 16 D 65/84, publ. 1998), containing a cooling system installed in the brake disk, including heat pipes and thermocouples of L-shaped and U-shaped, consisting of semiconductor elements with n- and p-type conductivities. The first ends of the semiconductor elements are flush with the friction surface of the brake disc, the second ends of the semiconductor elements are installed with hot zones of the heat pipes, and part of the working surface of the friction linings is made of metal powder to form a hot junction of thermocouples when interacting with the ends of the semiconductor elements. The disadvantage of this device is the high wear of the brake pads.

Known single-deck electromagnetic brake (RF patent 2083889, F 16 D 49/00, publ. 1997), adopted as a prototype. The essence of the invention is that the brake contains an electromagnet with an armature. Rectilinear rods are placed in holes made in the body of the electromagnet, and are pivotally connected to the armature, and rigidly connected to the brake shoe. This provides the ability to supply the brake pads when pulling the armature into the electromagnet to the brake pulley. The brake can be placed between the branches of the drive belt both in the direction of continuation of the vertical diameter of the brake pulley, and at an angle to it. The brake has small overall dimensions, is economical and easy to use. The disadvantage of this device is the high wear of the brake pads. The greatest wear on the brake pads is observed during shunting operations that do not require significant loads on the brake drum.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the wear of brake pads during shunting operations associated with a small change in the speed of the car or any other moving means.

The technical result is achieved in that the electromagnetic brake containing the electromagnet, brake pads mounted on the shaft of the brake drum, according to the invention is equipped with plates of hard magnetic material located radially on a brake drum made of non-magnetic material, and the same pole of the plates are located on different sides of the brake drum , electromagnetic polarity switching sensor, travel position sensor, rheostat type brake pedal position sensor, control unit, f an azo inverter with a current regulator, a comparison unit, and the comparison unit is directly connected to the power source, and the 1st input of the comparison unit is connected through a phase inverter and a magnetic field source with electromagnets placed with a gap relative to the brake drum, the 2nd input of the comparison unit is connected via a sensor stroke positions with an electromagnetic polarity switching sensor interacting with a gear wheel rigidly fixed to the axis of the brake drum, while the number of gear teeth is twice as many la plates made of hard magnetic material and the angle between the vertices of adjacent teeth corresponds to the period of polarity reversal.

The electromagnetic brake is also characterized in that the brake drum is made of non-magnetic cast iron.

An electromagnetic brake is also characterized in that the magnetic field strength is proportional to the amount of movement of the brake pedal.

The use of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype can reduce the wear of brake pads during shunting operations due to the use of magnetic field energy for braking.

The electromagnetic brake is illustrated by drawings, figure 1 shows a general diagram of a device, figure 2 shows a device, side view, figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the device, where

1 - brake drum made of non-magnetic material, for example, non-magnetic cast iron;

2 - a plate of hard magnetic material;

3 - electromagnets;

4 - brake pads;

5 - shaft;

6 - a gear wheel;

7 - electromagnetic polarity switching sensor;

8 - stroke position sensor;

9 - control unit;

10 - source of a magnetic field;

11 - phase inverter with current regulator;

12 - power source;

13 - brake pedal position sensor rheostatic type;

14 is a block comparison;

15 - a brake pedal.

The electromagnetic brake includes a shaft 5, on which the brake drum 1 of non-magnetic material, for example of non-magnetic cast iron, and the gear wheel 6 are rigidly fixed. In the brake drum 1, plates 2 of hard magnetic material and brake pads are placed radially 4. The same pole of the plates 2 are placed from different sides of the brake drum 1. The gear 6 is rigidly fixed to the axis of the brake drum 1 and is positioned with a minimum clearance relative to the polarity switching electromagnetic sensor 7, which, in turn, knitted with a comparison unit 14 through a position sensor 8. The number of teeth of the gear 6 is twice as large as the number of plates 2 of hard magnetic material, and the angle between the vertices of the adjacent teeth (the central angle from the axis of rotation) corresponds to a period of changing the polarity of the phase inverter 11 s a current regulator, and the tooth vertices are positioned so that part of them is located along the radius of the centers of symmetry of the plates 2, and the other part of the tips of the teeth divides the distance between the centers of symmetry of the plates 2 in half. The DC electromagnets 3 are placed with a gap sufficient for the effective action of the magnetic field on the plates 2 of hard magnetic material. The comparison unit 14 is directly connected to the power source 12, the 1st input of the comparison unit 14 is connected through a phase inverter 11 and the magnetic field source 10 with electromagnets 3, the 2nd input of the comparison unit 14 is connected via a position sensor 8 with an electromagnetic polarity switching sensor 7.

The electromagnetic brake operates as follows, for example, when equipping it with a car. When the brake pedal 15 is pressed, the position sensor 13 of the rheostat type brake pedal is triggered, then the signal goes to the control unit 9. After the signal from the control unit 9 is received to the comparison unit 14, the magnetic field source 10 and the phase inverter 11 with the regulator are switched on using the power source 12 current. Through the use of a phase inverter 11 with a current regulator, it is possible to increase the braking force of the magnetic field in proportion to the amount of movement of the brake pedal 15. The intervals for supplying magnetic energy to the electromagnets 3 are determined using the position sensor 8 and the gear 9, the position of which is monitored using an electromagnetic sensor 7 for switching polarity . Resistance to the movement of the brake drum 1, for example, from non-magnetic cast iron occurs due to the action of opposite-pole magnetic fields on the plates 2 of hard magnetic material. The change in polarity is carried out using a phase inverter 11 with a current regulator when passing the top of the tooth of the gear wheel 9 of the electromagnetic sensor 7 switching polarity. Since the number of teeth is twice as large as the number of plates 2, and the tips of the teeth are arranged so that part of them is located along the radius of the centers of symmetry of the plates 2, and the other part of the tips of the teeth divides the distance between the centers of symmetry of the plates 2 in half, the polarity changes to mode necessary for the most effective braking. When passing through the center of symmetry of the plate 2 of the electromagnet 3, a field is turned on that is opposite to the field of the plates 2 (attraction effect). After the tooth reaches gear 6, the middle of the distance between the centers of symmetry of the plates 2 includes a field of the same name with the field of the plates 2 (repulsion effect). Thus, due to the action of magnetic field forces, the rotation speed of the shaft 5 is reduced. In order to increase the braking force as the brake pedal increases, a phase inverter 11 with a current regulator, which increases the voltage, is used. For more intensive braking, brake pads 4 are used, which are pressed against the inner surface of the brake drum 1 and create friction resistance, thereby preventing rotation of the shaft 5. After the brake pedal is released, the magnetic field is turned off and rotation resistance is no longer created.

The use of an electromagnetic brake provides the following advantages:

reduced brake pad wear;

overall increase in the efficiency of brake systems;

increased braking safety.

Claims (3)

1. An electromagnetic brake containing an electromagnet, brake pads mounted on a shaft of a brake drum, characterized in that it is equipped with plates of hard magnetic material located radially on a brake drum made of non-magnetic material, and the same poles of the plates are placed on different sides of the brake drum, electromagnetic polarity switching sensor, travel position sensor, rheostat type brake pedal position sensor, control unit, phase inverter with current regulator, unit m comparison, and the comparison unit is directly connected to the power source, and the 1st input of the comparison unit is connected through a phase inverter and the source of the magnetic field with electromagnets placed with a clearance relative to the brake drum, the 2nd input of the comparison unit is connected via a stroke sensor to an electromagnetic sensor polarity switching, interacting with a gear wheel rigidly fixed to the axis of the brake drum, while the number of gear teeth is two times the number of plates made of hard magnetic material and the angle between the vertices of adjacent teeth corresponds to the period of polarity reversal. 2. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake drum is made of non-magnetic cast iron. 3. The electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the amount of movement of the brake pedal.

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