RU2241839C2 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rotary engines with rocking working members. Proposed four-stroke engine consists of two coaxial sections. According to invention, timing gear is made in form of inner tube rotating inside rocking hollow shaft. Time of one revolution of rotating inner tube is four times as great as one full turn of rocking hollow shaft with return to initial position. End face seals are provided with grooves for U-shaped section sealing members with elastic pressure tape inside, and channels for delivering cooling medium and lubricant are arranged inside hollow shaft and rocking pistons.

EFFECT: simplified design of engine.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing, namely, devices that convert the energy of combustion of fuel into mechanical energy of rotation.

Known rotary engine containing a cylindrical cavity, placed in it sector blades mounted on coaxial shafts, and a mechanism for converting the movement of the blades, made in the form of a pair of levers connected to the shafts of the blades, and a link mounted on the output shaft and interacting with the rollers of the levers, which the link is mounted on the output shaft pivotally and made with two tracks, and the levers are made of two shoulders and the rollers of the adjacent ends of the pairs of levers are mounted on the side of the link with the possibility of interaction with the corresponding the track, and the wings are equipped with a ring copier with two sections of the profile of different heights to ensure swinging the wings in the plane of the levers [1].

The disadvantage of this engine is the complexity and unreliability of the movement conversion mechanism.

Known internal combustion engine with two swinging pistons in each section, a hollow shaft and four toroidal working chambers of variable volume, in which each chamber has a slot in which the ring moves, rigidly connected with the pistons and ensuring the tightness of the working chambers, and the kinematic connection of the pistons and the output the shaft is made in the form of a double crank mechanism with a common slider, while the crank of one mechanism is rigidly connected to the hollow internal shaft, and the crank of the other to the output shaft m. The engine has two camshafts that control the intake and exhaust valves of the charge [2].

The disadvantage of this engine is the complexity of the design of the kinematic and distribution mechanisms.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the movement conversion mechanism and reduce the number of structural links.

EFFECT: simplification of engine manufacturing technology and increase of its reliability.

To achieve this, in a four-stroke internal combustion engine with a distribution mechanism containing sections of two coaxial working chambers, the shape of which is formed by the rotation of a figure around the external axis and which have one hollow piston swinging between the fixed ends and rigidly connected to the rotary hollow shaft, coaxial with the external axis of the working chambers and the associated conversion mechanism with the output shaft of the engine, the working chambers have a rectangular shape in cross section, and one of the walls of variable volume is a rotary hollow shaft, the conversion mechanism is made in the form of a crank-rocker mechanism, the distribution mechanism is made in the form of an inner pipe rotating inside a swinging hollow shaft and having cavities for fresh and burnt charges, as well as channels to these cavities, and in the walls of the inner pipe and the hollow shaft has holes, the location of which ensures their episodic combination, the time of one revolution of the rotating inner pipe is four times longer than the time of one complete rotation of the swing Osya hollow shaft with return to the former position, for sealing the contacting wall and pistons in the ends have grooves U-shaped in cross-section sealing elements with an elastic clamping strip inside, inside the hollow shaft and swinging pistons are located channels for supplying cooling and lubrication.

The materiality of the differences is justified as follows:

- the rectangular shape of the chamber simplifies the design and the process of its manufacture,

- seals in grooves with U-shaped sealing elements and with an elastic clamping tape inside them are associated with the need to ensure the tightness of the working chambers having three walls,

- the implementation of the distribution mechanism in the form of a contacting inner pipe and a hollow shaft with holes in their walls simplifies the design, allowing you to get rid of the structural complexity of a conventional distribution mechanism (cams, camshaft, rods and valves)

- the slowness of rotation of the inner pipe compared to the swing of the hollow shaft allows, due to the corresponding arrangement of the holes on the wall of the inner pipe, to provide alternating opening and non-opening of the valves when the pistons are near dead points.

Figure 1 shows the spatial kinematic diagram of the engine - the piston group and the crank mechanism (without a distribution mechanism) at the time of equidistance of the piston from the ends, figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the engine at the time of equidistance of the pistons from the ends. Sections A-A, B-B and B-C are drawn through the inlet and outlet openings in the working chambers. Figure 3 shows a cross section of the engine along AA through the inlet openings at the time of equidistance of the pistons from the ends, Figure 4 is a cross section of the engine along AA through the intake openings at the time of removal of the piston from the right end (charge inlet to the right worker volume), FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the BB engine through the inlet openings at the time of removal of the piston from the left end face (charge inlet to the left displacement), FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view of the engine along BB through the exhaust openings at the moment approximation of the piston to the right end (release of a burnt charge from right working volume), in Fig.7 is an external view of the reciprocating part of the engine without rocker arm (pistons and a rotary hollow pipe), in Fig.8 is a section of the U-shaped seals at the walls of the pistons.

Figure 2-7 links of the crank mechanism are not indicated. For clarity, the gaps between the contacting surfaces are sharply increased. The cooling supply in Fig. 2 is indicated schematically by one line.

Each engine section contains two chambers 1 and 2 of rectangular cross-section with two variable volumes each, oscillating pistons 3, rigidly mounted on a rotary hollow shaft 4 with holes for charge inlet 5 and outlet 6, an inner rotary tube 7 with inlet 8 and outlet 9 openings charge. Inside the tube 7 there are cavities for a fresh 10 and 11 burnt charge, channels for these charges 12 and 13, a rocker 14 on the hollow shaft 4, a connecting rod 15, a rotating crank 16, an output shaft 17, a U-shaped seal 18 for contact walls with an elastic clamp tape 19, cooling and 20 lubrication feed channels 21. A rotation gear with a gear ratio of 4: 1 between the output shaft 17 and the inner pipe 7 is not indicated.

The engine operates as follows. Each variable volume of chambers 1 and 2 of the engine operates on a four-stroke circuit - charge inlet, compression, ignition with a stroke and release of the spent charge. Inlet and outlet are carried out due to the occasional combination of holes 8 and 9 in the inner pipe 7 and holes 5 and 6 in the hollow shaft 4, and compression and stroke are created in closed volumes between the pistons 3 and the ends. Each variable volume on one side of the swinging piston 3 operates as a variable volume in a conventional, rectilinear internal combustion engine, so that in two chambers 1 and 2 it is now possible to carry out working strokes on opposite sides of the swing axis, i.e. to reduce the dynamics of motion to the moment of forces, and not just to one doubled force. (This dynamics allows you to unload the bearings and thereby increase the life of the engine). The oscillating movement of the hollow shaft 4 with the help of the crank 14, the connecting rod 15 and the crank 16 is converted into the rotational movement of the output shaft 17. The rotation of the latter using an unspecified gear transmission to the inner pipe 7 and creates a rotation of this pipe, slowed down by half. This deceleration allows you to properly control the flow of charge.

During a stroke in one volume of one of the chambers, the pistons 3 move, creating the remaining cycles in the other three volumes of the two chambers - compression of one charge, the inlet of the other and the release of the third. The movement of the pistons 3, i.e. hollow shaft 4 relative to the inner pipe 4, creates the desired combination of holes in them and thereby provides the necessary control of the inlet and outlet of charges.

After the pistons reach 3 ends of the chambers, the process is repeated in the opposite direction. Thus, the pistons 3 move back and forth between the ends, providing through the hollow shaft 4 the rocking movement of the rocker arm 14 and then through the connecting rod 15 the rotation of the crank 16 of the output shaft 17.

One full revolution of the rotating inner pipe 7 corresponds to two full swings of the hollow shaft 4, so that with the corresponding arrangement of the holes 8 and 9 on the inner pipe 7 and the holes 5 and 6 on the hollow shaft 4, it is possible to ensure the coincidence-mismatch of the corresponding holes and therefore provide a certain mode charge flow to perform a four-stroke duty cycle of the engine. It is significant that the coincidence of the holes near the dead center of the stroke of the piston 3 (the limiting position of the rocker arm 14) due to the four times delayed rotation of the hollow shaft 4 will be carried out once, providing overlap of the holes during compression and working stroke.

The thermodynamics of this engine with a rocking motion of the piston does not differ from the thermodynamics of a conventional engine with a reciprocating motion of the piston, and the dynamics of loads is easily calculated according to the formulas of theoretical mechanics.

Thus, the engine contains four kinematic links:

- one reciprocating link (rigidly interconnected hollow shaft 4, rocker 14, pistons 3). This link kinematically provides the conversion of the chemical energy of the charge into the rocking motion of the piston by creating variable volumes in chambers 1 and 2;

- two rotating links (inner tube 7 and crank 16 with the output shaft 17). These two links are connected by a gear to control the distribution mechanism, which ensures slow motion of the inner pipe 7 compared to the hollow shaft 4. The output shaft 17 transmits further movement, and the inner pipe 7 ensures that its holes 8 and 9 are aligned with holes 5 and 6 in hollow shaft 4 to control the movement of charges;

- a connecting rod 15, transmitting movement from the rocker arm 14 to the rotating crank 16.

With the rocking motion of the body, its inertia is no longer determined by the mass M, but by the moment of inertia M · r ² , i.e., when the motor diameter is small, it becomes relatively small. This circumstance allows you to have a sufficiently large number of revolutions.

A small number of kinematic links, i.e. a small number of articulated joints between them, significantly reduces wear and facilitates the supply of cooling and lubrication to the pistons.

An advantage of the engine is the possibility of stringing several sections from such pairs of working chambers 1 and 2 onto the hollow shaft 4 without creating new kinematic links and articulated joints, which reduces mechanical wear and weight of the engine, increases its efficiency and service life.

Sources of information

1. A.S. USSR N 1318704, F 02 B 55/00, 1985.

2. RF patent N 2119070, F 02 B 53/00, 1996.

Claims (1)

A four-stroke internal combustion engine with a distribution mechanism, containing sections of two coaxial working chambers, the shape of which is formed by the rotation of a figure around the external axis and which have one hollow piston swinging between the fixed ends and rigidly connected to the rotary hollow shaft, coaxial with the external axis of the workers cameras and the associated conversion mechanism with the output shaft of the engine, characterized in that the working chambers have a rectangular shape in axial section, and one of the walls is variable of the volume is a rotary hollow shaft, the conversion mechanism is made in the form of a crank-rocker mechanism, the distribution mechanism is made in the form of an inner pipe rotating inside a swinging hollow shaft and having cavities for fresh and burnt charges, as well as channels to these cavities, and in the walls of the inner the pipe and the hollow shaft have holes, the location of which ensures their episodic combination, the time of one revolution of the rotating inner pipe is four times longer than the time of one complete rotation a hollow rocker shaft with return to the former position, for sealing the contacting wall and pistons in the ends have grooves U-shaped in cross-section sealing elements with an elastic clamping strip inside, inside the hollow shaft and swinging pistons are located channels for supplying cooling and lubrication.

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