RU2239042C2 - Method for drilling a well and concurrently directing drilling crown actively controlled by rotating drill system and actively controlled rotating directed system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil extractive industry.

SUBSTANCE: actively controlled rotating directed drilling system for directed well drilling, having transfer sleeve of drilling tool, rotated by column of drilling pipes during well drilling, while shaft of drilling crown has upper portion in transfer sleeve of tool and lower end coming from that sleeve and supporting drilling crown. Shaft of drilling crown is supported for all-directed swaying between upper and lower ends by means of universal connection in transfer sleeve and is rotation driven by transfer sleeve. For reaching controlled direction of rotating drilling crown, orientation of drilling crown relatively to tool transfer sleeve is read and shaft of drilling crown is supported by geostationary means and is selectively directed in axial direction relatively to tool transfer sleeve during rotation of drilling pipes column by means of its rotating relatively to universal connection by displacing a mandrel, which rotates against rotation direction of case with same rotation frequency. Turbine driven by drilling mud together with generator generates electric energy, which is used for driving electric engine. Electric engine provides for rotation of deflecting mandrel relatively to transfer sleeve of tool and is remotely controlled by input signal from position detecting elements, like magnetic meters, hydroscopic sensors and acceleration meters, which provide for position signals in real time scale for controlling the engine. Also, when necessary, a brake is used for geostationary support of deflecting mandrel and shaft axis of drilling crown, where brake is remotely controlled by input signal from position detecting elements, which provide for position signals in real time scale for controlling the brake. As an alternative, turbine is connected to deflecting mandrel for rotating deflecting mandrel relatively to transfer sleeve of tool, and brake is used for remote control of turbine by input signal from position sensors, which provide for position signals in real time scale for controlling the brake.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

2 cl, 28 dwg

Description

The present invention relates, in general, to methods and devices for drilling wells, in particular wells for the production of petroleum products, and more particularly relates to an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system that can be connected directly to a rotary drill string or can be connected in a rotary drill pipe in assembly with a downhole turbine engine and / or pusher and / or flexible adapter sleeve to enable selective disconnection to be actively controlled of the rotary guided drilling system from the rotary drill string, for example, for powered downhole turbine drilling engine, with or without rotation of the drill string and to enable precise control of the direction of drilling of the barrel by means of the drill bit and precise control of rotational speed, torque and the crown load applied to the drill bit. To control the speed of the shaft of the downhole turbine engine and the torque in the drilling mud chain of the downhole turbine engine, there is a controlled pressure relief valve for controlled discharge or removal of a portion of the drilling fluid flow from the drilling mud chain of the downhole turbine engine into the annular space or bypassing a portion of the drilling fluid flow past the rotor downhole turbine engine. This pressure relief valve or bypass valve for a downhole turbine engine can be automatically actuated by signals from a rotary guided drilling system sensor, or it can be activated by signals from the surface of the earth or both. To control the load on the drill bit in the drill pipe string, a pusher is provided with energy for the drilling fluid, located above or below the rotary guided drilling system. In the drilling fluid circuit, the pusher has a similarly controlled discharge or bypass valve, which is optionally controlled by a control circuit of a rotational guided drilling system to control downward mechanical force, i.e., the load of the drill bit on the formation being drilled.

Thus, the control of the discharge or bypass valves of the downhole turbine engine and pusher is carried out independently in the downhole through the control system of a rotary guided drilling tool that responds to feedback signals from various sensors, and can also be selectively controlled by telemetry from the surface. This invention also relates to an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system, including a drive mechanism for an electric motor supplied with energy from a turbine, for geostationary location of the drill bit during its rotation by a rotary drill pipe string, a downhole turbine engine, or both, and optionally use the electric motor as a brake when the torque of the interaction of the drill bit - formation prevails compared with internal friction.

An oil or gas well often has a subsurface section that is drilled directionally, that is, with a direction at an angle relative to the vertical, and with a slope having a specific direction in the compass or azimuth. Although at any desired location it is possible to drill wells having deviated areas, for example, in the case of a “horizontal” orientation of the wellbore or wells with a deviated branch from the main wellbore, for example, a significant number of deviated wells are drilled in offshore conditions. In this case, a number of deviated wells are drilled from one offshore production platform in such a way that the bases of the boreholes are distributed over a large area of the productive horizon, the center of which is usually located on the platform and wellhead equipment for each well is located on the platform structure.

Regardless of whether the well is being drilled onshore or offshore, there is an urgent need for extended-range drilling activity that is carried out in accordance with the methods of the present invention by achieving better transmission of load and torque to the drill bit during drilling works. By means of the present invention, drilling with high productivity - energy is also achieved by creating good transmission of load and torque to a drill bit controlled by a rotary guided drilling system, similar to that set out below. In conditions where the borehole being drilled has a complex path, the ability provided by the rotary guided drilling system of the present invention to guide the drill bit when the drill bit is rotated by the tool adapter sleeve allows drilling personnel to easily direct the borehole from one subsoil oil reservoir to another . A rotatable guided drilling tool allows the well to be guided both in terms of inclination and azimuth, so that two or more subsoil zones of interest can be controlled in a controlled manner by the drilled borehole.

A typical directional borehole drilling procedure is to remove the drill pipe string and drill bit with which the initial vertical section of the borehole was drilled using usually rotary drilling equipment, and introduce a downhole turbine engine having a curved body at the lower end of the drill pipe string, which drives the drill bit under the influence of the circulation of the drilling fluid. The curved body provides such a bending angle that the axis below the bending point, which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the drill bit, has an angle of “front face of the tool” relative to the basis, as can be seen from the above. The angle of the front face of the tool or simply the “front face of the tool” sets the azimuth or angular direction at which the deviated section of the borehole will be drilled when the downhole turbine engine is driven. After establishing the front face of the tool by slowly rotating the drill string and observing the output signals of various orienting devices, the downhole turbine engine and drill bit are lowered by the drill pipe in the absence of rotation, maintaining the selected angle of the front face of the tool, and the mud pumps are driven, that is, “ drilling pumps ”, with the aim of creating a flow of drilling fluid through the drill pipe string and the downhole turbine engine, thereby creating a rotational izhenie output shaft of a mud motor and attached thereto a drill bit.

The presence of a bending angle causes drilling by the drill bit in a curve until the required inclination of the borehole is established. Then, to drill a section of a borehole under the required inclination and azimuth, the drill string is rotated so that its rotation is superimposed on the rotation of the output shaft of the downhole turbine engine, which causes such a simple rotation of the curved section relative to the axis of the borehole so that the drill bit drills directly forward, regardless set tilt and azimuth. If necessary, you can use the same drilling methods when reaching the maximum depth of the borehole to bend the borehole to a horizontal position, and then extend it horizontally into or through the production area. Typically, drill pipe monitoring systems (CWS) are included in the drill string above the downhole turbine engine to monitor the development of the borehole so that corrective action can be taken if various parameters of the borehole show deviations from the planned pattern.

When drilling sections of a well with a non-rotatable drill pipe string and when driving a downhole turbine engine with a mud stream, various problems can arise. The jet torque caused by the operation of the downhole turbine engine can cause a gradual change in the front face of the tool so that the borehole will not deepen under the required azimuth. If no adjustment is made, the borehole may go to a point that is too close to another borehole, the borehole may not reach the desired “subterranean target”, or the borehole may be extremely long due to “wandering”. These undesirable factors can cause excessive costs for drilling the well and can reduce the efficiency of the drainage of the production of the solution from the subsurface formation of interest. Moreover, a non-rotating drill string can cause increased frictional resistance, so that less control is obtained here compared to the “crown load”, and the penetration rate of the drill bit can be reduced, which can lead to a significant increase in drilling costs. Of course, a non-rotating drill pipe string is more likely to get stuck in a borehole than a rotating one, especially when the drill pipe string passes through a water-permeable zone that causes significant formation of hardened drilling fluid on the wall of the borehole.

Two patents of interest for the subject of the present invention are US patents Nos. 5113953 and 5265682.

US Pat. No. 5,113,953 discloses a method of drilling a well and simultaneously guiding the drill bit with an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system, in which the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool is rotated, connected to the drill pipe string and forming a longitudinal axis, rotated inside by means of the location of the shaft axis of the drill bit the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the tubular adapter coupling the shaft of the drill bit, sub live inside the tubular adapter, the shaft of the drill bit, adapted to maintain it, is rotated by the pipe adapter of the drilling tool, transmit directional signals to the means of arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill bit, causing synchronous rotation in the opposite direction from the rotation of the pipe adapter the shaft of the drill bit around the axis of rotation, and support the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit, essentially geostationary in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool during rotation of the shaft of the drill bit of the pipe adapter sleeve.

This patent also discloses an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system for drilling wells, comprising a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool connected to a drill pipe string to rotate the drill pipe string and form a longitudinal axis, a drill bit shaft supported in a pipe adapter adapter of a drilling tool with the possibility of rotary movement relative to the axis of rotation and driven into rotation by means of a tubular adapter sleeve forming a longitudinal axis supporting the drill bit, means located inside the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool for dynamically determining the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and generating signals for the position of the drill bit shaft, and means for processing signals of the tool for determining the position of the drill bit shaft and enabling synchronous rotation in the opposite direction of the shaft of the drill bit is relatively directed rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and maintaining the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit, essentially geostationally in the axial position relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, during rotation of the shaft of the drill bit of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool.

The above-described known solution provides a deviation of the shaft of the drill bit by a fixed angle and does not have the ability to quickly change this angle relative to the axis of the tubular adapter.

An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling system that is driven by a rotary drill pipe string and allows selective drilling of curved sections of the borehole by precisely guiding the drill bit, the rotated drill pipe string and the drilling tool.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of a new actively managed rotary guided well drilling system having a shaft of the crown, which is rotationally driven by the adapter sleeve during drilling and which is mounted in the middle of its length for omnidirectional rotational movement in the holder for the purpose of geostationary location of the shaft of the crown and drill bit relative to the adapter sleeve of the tool in order to continuously guide, thus, the drill bit, which is thereby supported under angle for drilling a curved well.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a new actively controlled rotary guided well drilling system having a deflecting mandrel, which rotates against the direction of rotational movement of the adapter sleeve of the tool and with the same rotation speed, thus communicating rotational movement of the crown shaft relative to its omnidirectional rotational fastening with the aim geostationary maintenance of the shaft of the drill bit.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a new actively controlled rotary guided well drilling system having a turbine in the tool, which is energized by the drilling fluid, and is connected in a drive connection with an alternator to generate sufficient electric energy to drive the motor, which counteracts the resistive torque between adapter sleeve or drill tool housing and deflecting mandrel that rotates in the opposite direction and in the adapter sleeve of the tool and performs a geostationary arrangement of the movable shaft of the crown to guide the drill bit.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a new actively controlled rotary guided well drilling system having an on-board electronic circuit of the power supply and control system, which is mounted along the entire length of the tool and is able to rotate together with the drill pipe string by the tool adapter coupling.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a new actively controllable rotary guiding well drilling system having sensors and electronics that are able to rotate with the adapter sleeve or to be geostationary in accordance with the deflecting mandrel.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a new actively controlled rotational guided well drilling system, incorporating an electrically, hydraulically or mechanically controlled braking system to maintain the deflecting mandrel and the geostationary axis of the shaft of the drill bit during drilling.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide an actively controlled rotary guided well drilling system having a brake that controls a turbine supplied with drilling fluid energy and which is controlled based on real-time measurement of the front face of the tool.

Another objective of the present invention is the creation of a new actively controlled rotary guided well drilling system having a transmission mechanism including a brake and a turbine energized by the drilling fluid, and providing appropriate energy dissipation by the brake, while allowing the turbine supplied with energy by the drilling fluid to operate on an effective rotational speeds for optimal power generation.

These goals are achieved by the fact that in the method of drilling a well and simultaneously guiding the drill bit with an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system, in which the tubular adapter sleeve of the drill tool connected to the drill pipe string and forming a longitudinal axis is rotated by means of the arrangement of the shaft axis of the drill bit inside the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the pipe adapter sleeve the shaft of the drill they are supported inside the tubular adapter, and the shaft of the drill bit adapted to support it is rotated by the tubular adapter of the drilling tool, transmit directional signals to the location means of the axis of the shaft of the drill bit, causing synchronous rotation in the opposite direction from the rotation of the pipe adapter the direction of the shaft of the drill bit around the axis of rotation, and support the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit, essentially geostationally in the axial direction and with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool during rotation of the drill bit shaft, the pipe adapter according to the invention, when transmitting control signals to the means for arranging the shaft of the drill bit, change the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit selectively obliquely in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter , while to establish the selected angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the transition of the tubular coupling of the drilling tool, the first ring is rotated, forming part of the means of arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill bit and having an eccentric hole, relative to the second ring, at least partially located in the hole of the first ring and having an eccentric hole in which the upper end of the shaft of the drill bit is placed .

When transmitting direction control signals, it is possible to determine the location, orientation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the angular position of the shaft axis of the drill bit relative to the pipe adapter, generate position signals in real time, conduct electronic processing of position signals in real time and generate direction signals and control means for arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill bit with directional signals.

When transmitting direction control signals, it is possible to transmit surface control signals to the on-board electronics of the rotational guided drilling system and control means for locating the axis of the shaft of the drill bit with control signals.

While maintaining the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft in response to directional control signals by means of the location of the drill shaft shaft axis, it is possible to selectively position the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft at any selected position between 0 ° and the maximum angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool. A selective arrangement of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill string can be performed by the action of directional control signals during drilling.

It is possible to additionally selectively change the relative position of the first and second rings during drilling, thereby changing the angle of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, and thereby changing the directional course of the borehole being drilled during the development of drilling.

These goals are achieved by the fact that the actively controlled rotary guided drilling system for drilling wells includes a tubular adapter coupling of a drilling tool connected to the drill pipe string with the possibility of its rotation by the drill pipe string and the formation of a longitudinal axis, a drill bit shaft supported in the tubular adapter coupling of the drill tool with the possibility of rotary movement relative to the axis of rotation and driven into rotation by means of a tubular adapter sleeve, forming a longitudinal about l and supporting the drill bit, means located inside the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool for dynamically determining the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and generating signals for the position of the shaft of the drill bit, and means for processing signals of the tool for determining the position of the shaft drill bit and enable synchronous rotation in the opposite direction of the shaft of the drill bit relative to eniya rotational transition tubular drilling tool coupling and maintain the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft substantially geostationary in the axial position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubular collar of the drilling tool during rotation of the tubular shaft of the drill bit transition sleeve of the drilling tool. According to the invention, to establish a selectively inclined angular position of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the axis of rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drill tool, the system has a means for arranging the shaft of the drill bit located in the pipe adapter sleeve, comprising a first ring with an eccentric hole in which at least partially located a second ring having an eccentrically located hole for accommodating the upper end of the drill bit shaft and configured to rotate joints relative to the first ring.

The first and second rings may be associated with a deflecting mandrel having a drive connection with the shaft of the drill bit, and there is a means for transmitting rotation in the opposite direction to the deflecting mandrel at a rotational speed of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool.

The deflecting mandrel may form a longitudinal axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, and has a variable drive connection with the shaft of the drill bit to selectively control the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool between 0 ° and a predefined maximum angle.

Although the description given here relates, in particular, to an electronically excited and actively controlled rotary guided drilling tool, it is not intended to limit the present invention. This invention is equally applicable to a hydraulically controllable rotary guided drilling tool and a rotary guided drilling tool including features of electronic and hydraulic control. The shaft of the crown with the drill bit connected to it is mounted inside the tubular adapter using an omnidirectional holder and is able to rotate directly with the pipe adapter of the tool for drilling. The lower part of the crown room protrudes from the lower end of the adapter sleeve and provides support for the drill bit. In accordance with the concept of the present invention, the shaft of the drill bit rotates in the opposite direction relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool, and the axis of the shaft is inclined at a variable angle relative to the axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, thereby allowing the drill bit to drill a bend that is determined by the selected angle . A straight shaft can be drilled either by setting the angle between the axis of the crown shaft and the axis of the tubular adapter sleeve to zero, or by rotating the crown shaft around the axis of the tool with a different frequency. The angle between the axis of the crown shaft and the axis of the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool is obtained by means of a deflecting mandrel, which rotates in the opposite direction relative to the tubular adapter coupling and which supports the geostationary axis of the crown shaft.

The system may further comprise positioning means generating positional signals representing the real-time position of the tubular tool adapter sleeve and the angular position of the drill bit shaft relative to the tool tool pipe adapter sleeve during rotation of this sleeve and this shaft, and an electronic signal processing means that processes the signals position and generating correction signals when the angular position of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter coupling of the drill the tool is outside the acceptable range, and the tool that responds to the correction signals for adjusting the angular position of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool in the acceptable range.

The variable drive connection may comprise means for selectively positioning the first and second rings.

The means for transmitting rotation in the opposite direction of the deflecting mandrel may comprise a rotary motor in the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool in rotational drive communication with the deflecting mandrel, means in the adapter coupling of the tool providing energy for driving the rotary engine, and means for controlling the operation of the rotational engine based on real measurements the time scale of the rotational and angular positions of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter coupling of the drill tool.

The position-based control circuit can be integrated with the system and there are magnetometers, accelerometers and gyroscopic sensors transmitting position indication signals, and the system electronics are capable of processing position indication signals and generate a control output signal for controlling the operation of the rotary motor.

The rotary motor may be an electric motor, and the means for driving the electric motor is an alternating current drive driven by a turbine located in the adapter coupling of the tool, providing output of electric current, connected in working position with the electric motor.

The rotary motor may be an electric motor, and the electric motor drive means is a turbine driven alternating current generator located in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool, providing electric current output connected in working position with an electric motor, and there is additionally a brake means located in a tubular adapter coupling of a drilling tool a tool for selectively applying rotational braking force to the deflecting mandrel.

The rotary engine may be a hydraulic motor having rotational braking ability to apply rotational braking force to the deflecting mandrel, and the hydraulic motor drive means is a turbine driven by a drilling fluid located in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool providing rotational energy output connected in a rotational drive relation with a hydraulic pump.

A universal connection may be located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, supporting the shaft of the drill bit for pivotal movement relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and having a support means for transmitting force, allowing rotary movement of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the axis of rotation coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the adapter sleeve of the tool and transmitting forces from the shaft of the drill bit to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and from it to the shaft of the drill crowns.

The system may further comprise a sealing means in sealing engagement with the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the shaft of the drill bit and forming a sealed inner chamber in which the universal joint is located, and a protective and lubricating fluid located in the sealed inner chamber, which protects and lubricates the universal compound.

The sealing means may be a tubular configuration bellows seal element, one end of which is sealed with respect to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the other end of which is sealed with respect to the drill bit shaft, wherein the bellows seal element separates the sealed inner chamber from the drilling fluid in the drilled well.

The universal joint rotary supporting the shaft of the drill bit can be located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and contains a tool in the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool forming internal cavities, the shaft of the drill bit forming external cavities arranged to coincide with the internal cavities, and a plurality rotary ball elements engaged in internal cavities and external cavities and supporting a drill bit shaft for rotational movement of its longitudinal axis between 0 ° and a predetermined maximum angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and around the axis of rotation in this sleeve and coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit and the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool.

The system may further comprise an annular axial force transmission means located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and forming means with spherical surfaces formed around the axis of rotation, while the annular axial force transmission means allows the rotary movement of the shaft of the drill bit in the tubular transition coupling of the drilling tool and at the same time transmit forces between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling and tool.

The annular axial force transmission means may include a first thrust ring located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, having transmitting axial force communication with the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and forming a segment with a concave spherical surface oriented relative to the axis of rotation, the first rotation ring the shaft of the drill bit located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and forming a segment with a convex spherical surface, in an arcuate rolling engagement with a segment with a concave spherical surface of the first thrust ring, the first holder, which is in the transmitting force of communication with the shaft of the drill bit and securing the first thrust ring and the first ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit in the transmitting force of communication with the tubular transition a drill tool coupling and a drill bit shaft, a second thrust ring located between the tubular adapter of the drill tool and the drill bit shaft in the transmission the communication force with the holder and forming a segment with a concave spherical surface, oriented relative to the axis of rotation, the second ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit located between the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the shaft of the drill bit and forming a segment with a convex spherical surface located in an arched movable transmitting communication force with a segment with a concave spherical surface of the second thrust ring, and means holding the second thrust ring and the second shaft rotation ring b the level of the crown in a fixed position relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool.

The system may further comprise at least one magnetometer located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, generating electronic output signals for the dynamically guided drilling system by selectively orienting the shaft of the drill bit during its rotation by the pipe adapter sleeve of the tool.

The system may further comprise gyroscopic sensors located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and generating electronic signals for guiding the shaft of the drill bit at the desired angle for a certain period of time.

The tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool may have a base and an accelerometer located in the specified sleeve and generating electronic signals representing the angle between the base and the pipe adapter and the field of gravity.

The system may further comprise an electronic control system located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, rotated by the specified sleeve during drilling.

The system can optionally. contain a pusher connected in the drill pipe string next to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and actuated in response to control signals of the rotary guided drilling system to control the load on the drill bit and torque during operation of the rotary guided drilling system.

The system may further comprise system electronics located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and having a programmable pusher control circuit, and a drilling fluid control valve located in the pusher, in a controlled manner connected to the system electronics, selectively actuated by the system electronics to control the action of the pusher drilling fluid , to minimize jerky bit movement of the drill bit and to control torque during drilling.

The system electronics may include a programmable circuit programmed by the full profile of the drilled well and providing an actively controlled rotational guided drilling system with the possibility of providing geostationary wellbore to enable the use of this drilling system for drilling the entire deviated section of the wellbore.

The system may further comprise a downhole turbine engine connected in the drill pipe string above the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, setting a different rotation speed of this coupling compared to the speed of the drill pipe string.

The system may further comprise a downhole turbine engine connected in the drill string below the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, setting a different rotation speed of the drill bit compared to the rotational speed of the drill pipe string and pipe adapter sleeve.

The system may further comprise system electronics in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, a control valve located in the downhole turbine engine, controllably connected to the electronics of the system, selectively actuated by the electronics of the system to control the operation of the mud of the downhole turbine engine.

The system may further comprise a pusher connected in the drill pipe string next to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and controlling the load on the drill bit during operation of the rotary guided drilling system, and a downhole turbine engine connected in the drill pipe string, setting a different speed of rotation of the drill bit according to compared to the rotational speed of the drill pipe string.

The system may further comprise control valves in the circuits of the drilling fluid of the pusher and the downhole turbine engine, electronically controlled systems for controlling the efficiency of the pusher and the downhole turbine engine to control the load on the drill bit, rotational speed and torque on the shaft of the drill bit and drill bit .

The system may further comprise a flexible adapter sleeve connected to the drill pipe string adjacent to the pipe adapter sleeve of the drill tool to increase the accuracy of the angular location of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the pipe adapter sleeve of the drill tool.

The system may further comprise measurement sensors located close to the drill bit and allowing positioning close to the drill bit and facilitating the controlled drilling system to make decisions regarding the direction of the wellbore.

The system may further comprise an accelerometer combined with the drill bit shaft and generating position signals indicative of the inclination of the drill bit shaft during drilling.

From the foregoing, it is clear that the system of the present invention includes a mechanism that is driven in a downhole to controlledly change this angle in accordance with the need for the controlled direction of the rotary tool of the drill bit. Torque is transmitted from the tubular adapter coupling of the tool to the crown shaft directly via a universal joint. When the adapter sleeve is rotated by the drill string, there is a resistive torque T _cut between the adapter sleeve and the deflecting mandrel and its supports, which mainly due to friction tends to rotate the deflecting mandrel together with the pipe adapter so that an oversized well will be drilled. To prevent this or, more specifically, geostationally support the shaft of the drill bit, despite the rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve, an electric motor is used, the energy for which is provided by a turbine driven by the drilling fluid, and a generator that generates sufficient energy to counteract the resistive torque. An electric, hydraulic or mechanical brake is used to counteract the effect of the interaction between the formation and the drill bit, which can lead to a torque opposite to the internal resistive torque of the rotational guided drilling system. In addition, the engine and brake are controlled by a servo system to ensure that the front edge of the tool is supported in the presence of external disturbances. Since it is always necessary to maintain geostationarity, the deflecting mandrel should always be pivotally rotated relative to the tubular adapter with an angular velocity equal to and opposite to the rotation speed of the pipe adapter. In another embodiment of this invention, a turbine powered with a drilling fluid is coupled in drive communication with an electromagnetic brake. To enable rotation of the turbine with higher angular speeds, more suitable for the operation of an axial turbine, a transmission mechanism having a gear block is used between the turbine and the deflecting mandrel, so that the deflecting mandrel rotates with a lower angular speed and with increased energy to achieve geostationary shaft positioning drill bit.

To increase the flexibility of an actively controlled rotational guided system, it is possible to optionally include a large number of electronic systems of perception (sensors), measurement, feedback, and location in the system. In a three-dimensional system location system, you can use magnetic sensors to perceive the Earth's magnetic field and you can use accelerometers and gyroscopic sensors to accurately determine the position of the instrument at any time.

For control, a rotary guided drilling system is typically provided with three accelerometers. Typically, a single gyroscopic sensor is included in the system to provide feedback on rotational speed and to assist in stabilizing the mandrel, although multiple gyroscopic sensors can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The on-board electronics signal processing system successfully performs real-time position measurements during rotation of the drilling tool and when it rotates the drill bit shaft and drill bit during drilling operations. The signal processing system of the sensors and instrument electronics also provides continuous measurement of the azimuth and the actual angle of inclination as the drilling progresses, so that corrective measures can be taken immediately in real time without the need to interrupt the drilling process. The system also includes a position-based control circuit, using magnetic sensors, accelerometers, and gyroscopic sensors to generate position signals to control the engine and brake of the instrument. As for braking, it should be borne in mind that the motor for driving the deflecting mandrel is also controlled by the internal control system of the tool in order to provide the braking action necessary to neutralize the relationship between the formation and the drill bit, which creates a torque that is opposite to the internal resistive torque tool moment. Also, from the point of view of operational flexibility, the tool can include a measurement system while drilling (IVB) for feedback, a positive displacement turbine engine, gamma-ray detectors, resistance logging tools, density and porosity logging, acoustic logging, and borehole images , instrumentation, front view, all-round view, tools for measuring the inclination of the drill bit, measuring the speed of rotation of the drill bit, vibration sensors below the engine, measuring the load drill bits, drill bit torques, a soft-loading system with a pusher controlled by a tool to maximize drilling efficiency, a variable scale stabilizer controlled by a tool or a pressure relief valve for a downhole turbine engine controlled from a tool to control drilling speed or torque . The tool may also include other measuring devices that are useful for drilling and completion of the well.

The tool design essentially adds soft torque to the wellbore to minimize wear on the drill bit and maximize drilling efficiency. In order to minimize jerky movement on the instrument, the electronics of the functional control system use software. In addition, the tool provides the ability to program it from the surface in order to set or change the azimuth and inclination and to set or change the ratio of the bending angle of the shaft of the drill bit to the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool. The electronic on-board electronics memory of the system is capable of storing, using and transmitting the full profile of the wellbore and fulfilling the geo-direction of the downhole so that it can be used from the beginning to the elongated drilling length. In addition, the flexible adapter sleeve used allows disconnecting the rotary guided drilling tool from the rest of the node at the base of the borehole and the drill pipe string, provides guidance from the rotational guide th drilling system.

In addition to other features of perception and measurement of the present invention, the actively controlled rotary guided drilling system can also be equipped with an induction telemetric coil or coils for bi-directional transmission of information about logging and drilling, which is obtained during drilling operations, to the IVB system through a flexible adapter, engine, pusher and other measuring transitional means. For induction telemetry, an inductor can be used in the tubular adapter coupling of the tool. The system also includes transmitters and receivers spaced a predetermined distance in the axial direction so as to cause the signals to travel a predetermined distance through a subsurface formation near the wellbore and thus measure its resistivity. Such a system is described in US Pat. No. 5,594,343, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The electronics of the tool resistivity determination system, as well as the electronics of various measurement and control systems, are able to rotate together with the rotational components of the tool and thus also resist the action of rotation of the drill pipe string. Alternatively, some components of the electronic system of a rotary guided drilling tool may be geostationary.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a drilling fluid driven turbine is driven in a drive relationship with a generator to generate electrical energy from the energy of the current drilling fluid. For optimal operation of the turbine and generator, a mechanical transmission can be introduced between the turbine and the generator. The electric power input of the electric motor, which is not mechanically connected to the turbine or generator, is connected to the electric output of the generator, while the electric control system is assembled with the engine for its operational control. In addition, there is a brake that does not have a mechanical connection with a turbine or generator and is designed for geostationary support of the axis of the shaft of the drill bit when the action of formation friction prevails. The rotational output of the engine is used to drive the geostationary mandrel of the rotary guided drilling tool, so the operation of the turbine and generator cannot directly interfere with the operation of the engine and control the orientation of the shaft of the drill bit. For the purpose of mechanical efficiency, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, a universal drill bit shaft holder is used in the core shaft arrangement system, in which balls and rings are used that define a hook-like connection that provides the drill core shaft with effective support in the axial direction and torque, and at the same time minimizing friction in a universal joint. The friction of the universal joint is also minimized by guaranteeing the presence of lubricating oil around its components and by eliminating the drilling fluid from the universal joint, allowing significant cyclic guided controlled movement of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the holder of the tool during the drilling process. Alternatively, instead of a universal joint such as balls and rings, the universal joint may take the form of a keyed connection or a universal joint comprising keys and rings.

The electric motor of the rotary guided drilling system is supplied with electric current, which is generated by the flow of the drilling fluid through the turbine. To control the electrical output, the turbine may have a variable efficiency (efficiency), which is performed by moving the stator relative to the rotor. The turbine can also have many stages, or it can be provided with braking, for example, by means of an active load.

Thus, in order to better understand the method by which the above features, advantages and objectives of the present invention are achieved, the following is a more specific description of the invention by reference to its preferred embodiment, which is illustrated by the drawings, which depict the following:

figure 1 schematically depicts a drilled well in accordance with the present invention and the deviation of the lower part of the wellbore through an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system according to the invention;

figure 2 - a well drilled by means of an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system using a downhole turbine engine located in the rotary string of drill pipes located above the actively controlled rotary guided drilling system and rotating the tubular adapter sleeve of the guided drilling system tool with an angular speed that differs from the speed rotation of the drill pipe string;

figure 3 is a view similar to the view shown in figure 2, and showing the downhole turbine engine located below the actively controlled rotational guided drilling system and providing direct rotation of the drill bit with an angular speed different from the rotation speed of the drill pipe string;

4 is a pusher located in the drill pipe string directly above the actively controlled rotary guided drilling system to control the load on the drill bit when the rotational drilling speed and torque are controlled by the rotary guided drilling system;

5 is a pusher located in the drill pipe string immediately below the actively controlled rotational guided drilling system;

6 is a pusher located in the drill pipe string directly below the downhole turbine engine and connected above the actively controlled rotary guided drilling system and providing rotation of the rotary drilling system with a rotation speed that differs from the rotation speed of the drill pipe;

7 is a pusher located in the drill pipe string directly above the downhole turbine engine located above the actively controlled rotational guided drilling system;

Fig. 8 is an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system located in a drill string, a downhole turbine engine connected below the rotary guided drilling system, and a pusher connected below the downhole turbine engine, so that the downhole turbine engine provides support for the drill bit;

Fig.9 - actively controlled rotary guided drilling system located in the drill pipe string, a pusher connected below the rotary guided drilling system, and a downhole turbine engine connected below the pusher and supporting the drill bit;

figure 10 - rotary guided drilling system of the present invention, having a flexible adapter sleeve connected to it in a string of drill pipes, and the bend of the flexible adapter sleeve;

11 - shown in figure 10, a rotary guided drilling system and the rectilinear condition of a flexible adapter sleeve;

12 is a longitudinal sectional view of an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system representing a preferred embodiment of the present invention and having a turbine driven generator, the output electric current of which is used to drive an electric motor, where the output shaft of the motor is connected in a drive connection with an omnidirectional shaft support of the drill bit and location mechanism to maintain the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit in a geostationary position and at a predetermined angle tion axis of rotation of the adapter tool;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a turbine that can be used as the turbines shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, and the location of the turbine stator relative to the rotor to control the efficiency and output of the turbine;

Fig. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of an actively guided rotatable guided drilling system representing an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and a turbine connected in drive communication with a generator and a turbine, and where the generator is located in one section of a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool with an engine, a deflecting mandrel and a drill bit shaft, and a mechanism providing an omnidirectional articulated support in the adapter sleeve of the tool for the drill bit shaft;

FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view of an actively guided rotatable guided drilling system representing an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and a turbine connected in drive communication with a gear box by means of a drive shaft of a turbine passing through electronics, sensors and a brake section of the drilling system, where the output of the gearbox is connected in a drive connection with a deflecting mandrel to perform a geostationary arrangement of the axis of the shaft of the drill bit;

FIG. 16 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention, showing a rotatable guided drilling tool having a hydraulically powered system for orienting a shaft of a drill bit of a tool during drilling operations; FIG.

Fig.17 is a view in longitudinal section of the lower part of the actively controlled rotational guided drilling system, shown in more detail in Fig.12;

Fig. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper part of an actively guided rotational guided drilling system, shown in more detail in Fig. 12;

Fig.19 is a view in cross section along the line IXX-IXX in Fig 17;

Fig.20 is a view in cross section along the line XX-XX in Fig.18;

21 is a partial cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention showing a keyless universal connection for omnidirectionally supporting a drill bit shaft in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drill tool and for communicating drive rotation to the drill bit shaft for rotating the drill bit;

figa is a cross section showing the rings of the shaft location of the drill bit, relatively located for direct drilling, and the coincidence of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool for zero rotation of the shaft of the drill bit;

figv is a section along the line XXV-XXV on figa showing the coaxial location of the rings of the location of the shaft of the drill bit for direct drilling;

figs is a cross section of the rings of the location of the shaft of the drill bit located at locations for maximum lateral deviation of the midline of the shaft of the drill bit, for maximum rotation of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the adapter coupling of the tool;

Fig.22D is a cross-section along the line HHPD-HHPD on figs, showing the relationship of the axis of displacement of the rings of the location of the shaft of the drill bit for maximum deviation and, thus, drilling with maximum bending intensity;

23 is a control block diagram of a rotary guided drilling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing the concept of an energized braking turbine and brake control for guiding a tool-oriented drill bit;

24 is a control block diagram of a drilling system, according to an alternative embodiment thereof, having a turbine and brake energized by the drilling fluid to control the location of the drill bit shaft relative to the tool tubular adapter sleeve and a brake controller responsive to the position signal for controlling the brake and for controlling performance turbines;

Fig.25 is a cross section along the line XXV-XXV in Fig.21, showing a key drive connection between the shaft of the drill bit and the holder of the drilling tool.

1 shows a wellbore 10 drilled by a rotary drill bit 12, which is connected to the lower end 14 of a drill string extending upward to a surface where it is driven by a rotor 16 of a typical drilling rig (not shown). The drill pipe string 14 typically includes a drill pipe 18 having one or more adapter sleeves 20 connected thereto to apply weight to the drill bit 12. It is shown that the borehole 10 has a vertical or substantially vertical upper portion 22, and is deflected, a curved or horizontal bottom portion 24 that is drilled under the control of an actively guided rotary guided drilling tool 26, which is constructed in accordance with the present invention. To provide the flexibility required in the curved portion 24 of the wellbore 10, the lower portion of the drill pipe 28 can be used to connect the adapter sleeves 20 to the drilling tool 26, so that the sleeves 20 remain in the vertical portion 22 of the wellbore 10. The lower part 24 of the wellbore 10 deviates from the vertical part 22 by means of the guiding action of the drilling tool 26 in accordance with the principles set forth herein.

As shown in FIG. 1, the drill string 28 immediately adjacent to the rotary guided drilling tool may include a flexible adapter sleeve, also shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, which can provide the rotary guided drilling system with improved drilling accuracy. In accordance with normal practice, the circulation of the drilling fluid is carried out on the surface of the pumps down the drill string 14, where it exits through the nozzles formed in the drill crown 12 and returns to the surface along the annular space 30 between the drill pipe string 14 and the bore wall 10 wells. As will be described in more detail below, the rotary guided drilling tool 26 is designed and positioned to cause drilling by the drill bit 12 along a curved path that is planned by the control settings of the drill tool 26. The angle of the shaft of the drill bit supporting the drill bit 12 relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drill tool 26 is maintained even when the drill bit and drill tool are rotated by the drill pipe string 14, thereby causing the direction of the drill bit to be drilled deviated wellbore. The direction of the drilling tool is selectively performed in terms of inclination and in terms of azimuth, that is, left or right. In addition, the installation of the guided drilling tool 26 can be changed as desired to cause the drill bit to optionally change the course of the borehole to be drilled in order to direct the thus deviated borehole to precisely guide the drill bit and thereby accurately control the borehole.

FIGS. 2 and 3 represent a schematic illustration of a rotary guided drilling system of the present invention located in a drilled wellbore 10 and a drilling method in which a downhole turbine engine M is used in a rotational drill string or above a guided drilling tool, as shown in FIG. 2 , or below the guided drilling tool, as shown in FIG. This unique arrangement allows rotation of the drill pipe string 14 at a desired rotation speed and rotation of the output shaft of the downhole turbine engine at a different rotation speed in order to ensure optimal drilling performance without causing excessive drill pipe string fatigue. When the rotary guided drilling system of the present invention is connected directly to the drill pipe string, the rotation speed of the drill bit is equal to the rotation speed of the drill pipe string. These limitations on the maximum rotational speed of the drill bit due to the increased rotational speed of the drill string can limit the life of the drill string due to fatigue. When the downhole turbine engine M shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is operated in combination with a rotary guided drilling system, the rotor of the drilling rig can be set to the optimum rotation speed for the drill pipe string, and the downhole tubular motor will be able to add the rotation speed of the drill bit, which is driven by the downhole drill bit turbine engine.

The rotor can be driven at a rotational speed of, for example, 50 revolutions per minute, to allow friction to be interrupted between the borehole and the drill string, a rotation speed that does not limit the life of the drill string due to fatigue, although the rotational speed of the drill bit can be increased by a downhole turbine engine in order to provide improved drilling performance in order to create the possibility, thus, of increased drilling length.

A rotatable guided drilling system can operate at a rotational bottomhole driven turbine engine rotational speed when it is located below the downhole turbine engine and can rotate at a rotational speed of the drill pipe string if connected directly to the drill pipe string. If the downhole turbine engine is located below the rotary guided drilling tool, its rotational power is communicated directly to the drill bit. The directional characteristics during drilling are more accurate when the downhole turbine engine is positioned higher than the rotary guided drilling tool, because the distance from the rotary guided drilling tool to the drill bit is a major control factor in terms of directional accuracy.

It should be borne in mind that the rotary guided drilling system of the present invention can be connected in a drill string in combination with other drilling tools, such as downhole turbine engines, as described above, to control rotation speed and torque, pushers to control the load on the crown. In addition, the location of these components in the drill string can be selected by the drilling personnel in accordance with a wide variety of characteristics, for example, the strength of the drilled curved part of the borehole, the characteristics of the drilled formation, the nature of the drilling equipment used for drilling, and the depth at which drilling is performed.

Figure 4 shows a rotary guided drilling tool 26 connected to a drill pipe string 14 together with a pusher T driven by the energy of the drilling fluid, which is provided to control the load on the drill bit. The pusher consists mainly of a hydraulically controlled piston to which the lower part of the bottom of the drill string is connected. The connection 27 between the rotary guided drilling tool 26 and the pusher T can be a simple pipe sleeve or part of the tool that allows you to combine control parts, electronic, hydraulic, or a combination of electronic and hydraulic controls between the rotary guided drilling tool and the pusher. If necessary, the connection 27 may take the form of a flexible adapter sleeve shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. As shown in FIG. 5, the follower T is connected below the rotary guided drilling tool 26 and can be angled relative to the holder of the drill pipe string 26 by adjusting the position of the shaft of the drill bit of the tool. In this case, the drill bit shaft provides support for the pusher, while the push rod provides support for the drill bit, as well as load control on the bit. As shown in Fig.6, the location of the rotary guided drilling tool 26 and the pusher T is the same as in Fig.4. In addition, a downhole turbine engine M is connected to the drill string 14 above the plunger to thereby rotate the plunger and the adapter sleeve of the rotary guided drilling tool at a rotation speed that is different from the rotational speed of the drill string, while controlling the load on the drill the crown.

7 shows a downhole turbine engine M connected above a rotary guided drilling tool 26 and a pusher T connected in a drill pipe string 14 above a downhole turbine engine. If necessary, the connection between either the rotary guided drilling tool and the downhole turbine engine, or between the downhole turbine engine and the pusher, or both can be achieved by means of the flexible adapter coupling shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Fig. 8 shows the rotational guided drilling tool connected to the drill pipe string 14 and having a downhole turbine engine M connected to the geostationary shaft of the drill bit of the tool and thus subject to angular inclination relative to the tool holder together with the shaft of the drill bit. The follower T is located below the downhole turbine engine M to support the drill bit and to control the load on the drill bit. With respect to the tubular adapter sleeve of the rotary guided drilling tool 26, the pusher T is located by the output shaft of the downhole turbine engine M, and the downhole turbine engine is arranged to steer the direction of the shaft of the drill bit of the rotary guided drilling tool.

Fig. 9 shows a rotary guided drilling tool 26 connected to a drill pipe string 14 and having a pusher T supported and controlled by a drill bit shaft relative to the tool coupling. The downhole turbine engine is located below the plunger, so that its output shaft supports and drives the drill bit. Thus, the drill bit is guided by a rotary guided drilling tool and is driven into rotation by the rotational speed of the drill pipe string and the rotational speed of the output shaft of the downhole turbine engine. This allows the drill bit to rotate at a speed that is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the drill string, while the pusher at the same time controls the load on the drill bit.

As shown schematically in FIG. 9, a control valve D1 may be arranged in the pusher mud circuit T, while a control valve D2 may be provided in the mud circuit of the downhole turbine engine M. These control valves are selectively positioned using a rotary guided drilling system control circuit diagram schematically shown by line C to thereby allow the pusher and / or downhole turbine engine to be combined into a rotary guided drilling system control system. In this way, the downhole turbine engine and pusher are subjected to feedback-responsive control in the same way as the rotary guided drilling system. The control valve D2 in the downhole turbine engine M can control the rotary guided drilling system to control the shaft speed of the downhole turbine engine and thus control the torque on the drill bit. The control valve D1 of the pusher is optionally put into position by the control system of the rotatable guided drilling system in order to control the load on the drill bit. Thus, the rotatable guided drilling system of the present invention provides effective direction of the drill bit and improved drilling performance by efficiently controlling the torque of the drill bit and controlling the load on the drill bit, thereby contributing to an increased drilling length.

10 and 11 show a drill pipe string 14 with an actively controlled rotary guided drilling tool 26 connected therein for guiding the drill bit shaft to which the drill bit 12 is connected. The drill pipe string 14 also includes a downhole turbine engine M to increase the rotational speed of the drill crowns 12 and a flexible adapter sleeve 28 for the purpose of increasing the accuracy of the direction that the rotational guided drilling system performs. The flexible adapter sleeve 28 also selectively disconnects the rotary guided drilling tool from the drill string to thereby increase its directional efficiency.

12, 14 and 15, an actively guided rotatable guided drilling tool 26 is shown in its preferred embodiment. The actively controlled rotary guided drilling tool 26 has a tubular adapter 32, at the upper end of which a portion 34 with an internal thread is formed, allowing it to be connected directly to the flexible adapter coupler 28 or to the rotational output shaft of the downhole turbine engine and pusher, depending on the method by which guided drilling tool 26 should be used.

Considering the alternative embodiment of FIG. 14, it should be noted that in the upper part of the tubular adapter 32 there is an electromagnetic induction system 36 and an electric wire communication line 38 for transmitting signals from the rotary guided drilling tool 26 to the IVB system up the wellbore for sending data from the bottom of the well back to the surface in real time and to facilitate the transmission of control signals from drilling control equipment to the surface to instru ment during drilling work. The adapter sleeve 32 also forms an electronics and sensor support portion 40 in which various sensor equipment is located. The maintenance portion 40 forms a socket 42 in which a magnetometer, an accelerometer and gyroscopic sensors are arranged, which are capable of providing output signals of electronics that are dynamically used to guide the instrument.

A number of electronic components of the actively guided rotary guided drilling tool 26 may also be located in the electronics and sensor maintenance portion 40. For example, in the tubular transition sleeve 32, it is possible to position the formation resistivity measuring system 41 for rotation together with the transition sleeve and place transmitters and receivers spaced apart in a vertical direction to enable formation resistivity to be determined using electromagnetic signals. The method and apparatus for measuring the resistivity of the formation of the Earth in which drilling is carried out, and for their implementation during the development of rotary drilling operations, can conveniently have the form presented in US patent 5594343, which is incorporated into this application by reference. The equipment and electronics of the resistivity measuring system can rotate with the tubular adapter 32, or they can rotate with other components of an actively guided rotary guided tool. The resistivity measuring system can, if necessary, be physically located also at any other desired location in the drilling tool 26 to increase production or use a rotary guided drilling system. Various sensing and measurement systems may also be provided in the electronics and sensor maintenance portion 40, including, for example, a gamma radiation measurement system or an acoustic measurement system. Drilling tool 26 may also include apparatus for determining rotation speed, vibration sensors for the shaft of the drill bit, and so on. In addition, an electronic data processing system for receiving and processing various input data and providing an output signal that is used to control the direction and to control other factors encountered while drilling the well can also be included in the instrument electronics. Electronic data processing systems can optionally be located in the tool so that they can rotate with the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool or can rotate in the opposite direction in the adapter sleeve of the tool along with the shaft of the drill bit and its working components.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 14, directly above or below the electronics and sensors support portion 40 is a mud-driven turbine 48 having a stator 50, which is preferably located in a fixed position relative to the tubular adapter 32, and a rotor 52 mounted to rotate relative to stator 50. As shown in FIG. 13, the relative positions of the rotor 52 and the stator 50 can be adjusted, and either the rotor or the stator, or both, can be subjected to controlled movement of the position to control the change the efficiency and, thus, the output power of the turbine 48. The rotor 52 is equipped with an output shaft 54 of the turbine, which is located in drive communication with the generator 56 through the transmission 58. Since the output shaft 54 of the turbine is connected in a drive connection with the transmission 58, the efficiency (efficiency action) of the turbine can be achieved by mounting the stator 50 so that it can be controlled in a controlled manner by the electronics of the drilling system that responds to the needs of the turbine output power.

You can also perform electrical braking of the turbine in order to limit its free rotation, thereby increasing the power received from the turbine. The heat that is generated during such electrical braking will be effectively dissipated by the drilling fluid that flows through the tool. The flow of the drilling fluid through the tool also serves to cool various internal components of the tool, for example, the electronics module, generator and shaft motor of the drill bit. In one embodiment of the present invention, the generator 56, as shown in Fig. 14, functions as an active resistance to exit the turbine due to its resistance, the generator 56 is used as an electromagnetic brake. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the generator 56 is equipped with a transmission 58, which allows the turbine 48 to operate at the optimum rotation speed for efficient operation of the generator. The generator 56 provides an electrical output electrically connected to an electronic circuit for operating and controlling the electric motor 60, so that the electric energy generated by the turbine driven generator 56 is used to drive the electric motor 60.

A gearbox or transmission 61 driven by an electric motor 60 is connected in a drive connection to a deflecting mandrel 62, which is rotationally driven by an internal rotor of an electric motor 60 and to which a rotary drive head 64 is fixedly mounted, in which there is an eccentrically arranged positioning receptacle 66 for receiving the shaft end 68 70 drill bit. The deflecting mandrel 62 and the rotary drive head 64 perform opposite rotation relative to the rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve 32 for geostationary support of the axis of the shaft 70 of the drill bit during drilling. The shaft 70 of the drill bit is mounted to rotate inside the tubular adapter sleeve 32 between its ends for the purpose of omnidirectional movement relative to the universal joint 72, which mainly has a configuration and functioning similar to the ball point of the support shown in Figs. 17 and 19 and described below, and if if necessary, it may have the key configuration shown in FIGS. 21 to 25, also described in detail below. In the rotary drive head 61, some components of electronic data processing systems can be geostationally disposed. For example, in the rotary drive head 64, accelerometers, magnetic sensors, and gyroscopic sensors can be arranged. An inclination sensor is arranged on the rotational drive head to thereby provide a measurement reflecting the position of the drive head in the wellbore.

To ensure the accuracy of the downward direction of the rotary guided system, the exact position of the rotational components of the drilling tool establishes a known position index from which the direction correction is determined. In essence, it is desirable that the position indication sensors are located in geostationary communication with respect to the rotary drive system for the drill bit shaft. Accordingly, the rotary drive head 64 of the deflecting mandrel 62 can be equipped with various position indicators, magnetometers and horoscopic sensors, which are stationary relative to the rotational drive head 64, or any other component that can rotate with it. These position indication components eliminate the need for precise positioning of the drill pipe string and pipe adapter sleeve 32 of the drilling tool 26 as drilling operations progress, and facilitate the real-time transmission of position signals back to the signal processing unit of the drilling system so that tracking adjustments can be automatically set by the control system rotational guided drilling system in order to maintain the required course of the drill bit.

On Fig shows an alternative embodiment of the tool 26A, where components similar to the components shown in Fig.12 are indicated by similar reference numbers. It should be understood that the main difference between the options shown in Fig and 14, is the location of the turbine 48 and the generator 56 relative to the section 40 of the maintenance of electronics and sensors. As shown in FIG. 14, the electronics and sensors support portion 40 is located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool above the turbine 48. The stator 50 and rotor 52 of the turbine 48 shown in FIG. 14 can be relatively adjusted, and the stator 52 can preferably be linearly moved in the adapter sleeve 32 relative to the rotor for regulating the efficiency and, thus, the output power of the turbine. The output shaft 54 of the turbine is connected in a drive manner to a generator 56, which may have a transmission 58 to enable the turbine and generator to operate at respective speeds in order to obtain the optimum output torque. The heat created by the engine and the braking and electronics of the system will be continuously dissipated by the drilling fluid, which continuously flows through the rotational guided drilling system. The generator 56 energizes the electric motor 60. The output shaft of the electric motor 60 functions as a deflecting mandrel 62 and is provided with a rotary drive head 64 having an arrangement socket 66 eccentrically disposed therein and receiving the driven end 68 of the drill bit shaft 70 to rotate the drill bit shaft relative to its support 72 universal compound as described above in connection with the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. Regarding the support 72 of the omnidirectional or universal connection for the shaft 70 of the drill bit, it should be understood that the support of the omnidirectional or universal connection can be of ball type, as shown in Figs. 17 and 19, or key type, as shown in Figs. 21 and 25.

On Fig presents another variant implementation of the tool 26B, in which similar components are also shown by reference positions similar to those shown in Fig.12. The rotary guided drilling tool 26B includes an elongated tubular tool adapter sleeve 32 that is adapted to be connected to the drill string so that it rotates during drilling operations. A turbine 48 is mounted in the tubular adapter 32, including a rotor and stator assembly, where the rotor is driven by mud stream 49 through the pipe adapter of the drilling tool.

As shown in the figure, the electronics and sensors and the brake mechanism 35 of the rotary guided drilling system are so fixed in the tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool by means of mounting elements 33 that there is an annular space 37 that defines the flow path through which the drilling fluid is allowed to pass. The heat that is generated in the electronics, sensors, and brake mechanism 35 during operation is removed by the drilling fluid, which continuously flows through tool 26B. The turbine rotor imparts driving rotation to the drive shaft, which rotates at an angular speed that is optimal for the turbine to operate, although it is usually excessive for the rotation of the deflecting mandrel and the drill bit shaft, and has an output torque insufficient for the geostationary location of the drill shaft shaft axis. In this way, the gear train 39, also centrally mounted in the tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool, is connected to the driven shaft of the turbine, and its output is connected to communicate driving rotation to the deflecting mandrel 62. The deflecting mandrel 62 in the same manner as shown in Fig. 14, equipped with a rotary drive head 64, forming a socket 66 of an eccentric arrangement, which includes the upper end 68 of the universally rotatable shaft 70 of the drill bit. The shaft 70 of the drill bit is mounted in the tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool in the manner and for the purpose described above.

In connection with FIG. 16, it should be understood that the present invention is intended to provide rotary guided drilling tools having a hydraulically energized rotational control of the deflecting mandrel and control of the location of the drill bit shaft, as well as control of the energized engine turbine generator, as shown in the shown on Fig and 14 embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the turbine 48 is mounted in the tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool and includes a stator 50 and rotor 52, where the rotor output shaft 54 is connected in drive communication with the hydraulic pump 53. The turbine 48 may be mounted in the tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool above plot 40 maintain electronics and sensors, as shown, or below this plot. The hydraulic motor 55 is mounted in a tubular adapter sleeve 32 of the tool and is driven by hydraulic fluid under pressure from the pump 53 to drive the deflecting mandrel 62. If necessary, the hydraulic motor 55 may include a braking system or have an integrated braking system to function as a motor and brake the method and for the purpose described below. Alternatively, the rotational output of the hydraulic motor 55 can be replaced by a gearbox 57 to provide the required rotation speed and power for efficient direction during drilling.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show in detail the mechanism of the active guided rotary guided drilling tool 26 of FIG. 12 and represents a preferred embodiment of the present invention. At the lower end of the tool tubular adapter sleeve 80, a drill bit shaft support socket 82 is formed by a tubular extension 84 of the tool pipe adapter sleeve 80. In the socket 82, a tubular sleeve 86 is located, having a thrust ring 90, spring loaded relative to the ring 94 of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit, and forms a segment 92 with a spherical surface. The drill bit shaft rotation ring 94 is located around the drill bit shaft 96 and forms a corresponding segment 98 with a spherical surface that is in engaged engagement with the segment 92 with the spherical surface of the thrust ring 90, thereby causing the thrust ring 90 to transmit axial force from the shaft rotation ring 94 the drill bit of the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool, while allowing the shaft of the drill bit to rotate relative to the axis of rotation 99, relative to which a segment 92 with a spherical eskoy surface. The segmented holder 97 is located in the annular groove 101 of the shaft holder 96 of the drill bit and is secured in the annular groove 101 of the holder by means of an overlapping circular portion of the drill shaft shaft retaining ring 94. The second thrust ring 100 is located around the shaft 96 of the drill bit and forms a segment 106 with a spherical surface, which in turn is located in the center relative to the axis of rotation 99, facing in the same direction as the segment 92 with the spherical surface of the thrust ring 90. The second thrust ring 100 forms a flat surface 102 of the axial load transmission shoulder, which is located in the axial load transmitting clutch with the drill shaft shaft rotation ring 94 and with the segmented holder 97. The second shaft rotation ring 104 The drill bit is located around the shaft 96 of the drill bit and forms a segment 107 with a spherical surface concentrically located with a segment 98 with a spherical surface and located in an axial force transmitting engagement with segment 106 with a spherical surface of the thrust ring 100 to allow rotation of the shaft 96 of the drill bit around the axis of rotation 99, with respect to which both segments 92 and 106 are formed with spherical surfaces. The drill ring shaft rotation ring 104 is held in engagement with the thrust ring 100 by a spring, which is located by the first ball bearing ring 108. The locations of the thrust rings 90 and 100 and their diameters with respect to the axis of rotation 99 can be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention.

The chain of thrust rings between the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool and the shaft 96 of the drill bit is the preferred mechanism that operates to transmit axial forces from the adapter sleeve 80 of the tool to the shaft 96 of the drill bit and hold the shaft 96 of the drill bit axially and radially in the bearing seat 82 shaft. This bi-directional force transmission option allows the drill bit shaft 96 to rotate relative to the rotation axis 99 and allows the drill bit shaft axis to remain geostationary when rotated in a precisely defined direction.

Alternative methods for transmitting forces include the use of angular contact bearings, which also allow the drill shaft to rotate about the axis of rotation 99, or the use of a combination of tapered thrust rings and angular contact bearings, which similarly allow the transmission of forces and rotation.

The first ring of the ball bearing 108 forms a segmented surface 110 of a circular groove, having many grooves in close fit with many ball bearings 112, which are located in the spherical grooves 114 of the bearings on the shaft 96 of the drill bit. The ball support rings 108 are kept from rotation relative to the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool using a plurality of wedges or dowels 211 (FIG. 19). The second circular ball support ring 116 is arranged so that its segmented annular groove surface 118 forms a plurality of recesses in close fit with the ball bearings 112 and are also prevented from rotating relative to the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool by the wedges 211. The second ball support ring 116 is in turn supported by a locking a sleeve 120, which is threadedly attached to the tubular extension 84 of the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool.

An alternative embodiment of the transmission of torque between the tubular adapter 182 and the drill bit shaft 188 is shown in FIG. 25, where the pipe adapter 182 transmits torque to the drill shaft 188 through flat or ring contact surfaces 301 of the drill bit shaft extensions 300. Many extensions 300 can be used either as integral parts of the drill bit shaft 188, or as additional parts held on the drill bit shaft.

The combination of the ball support ring 108, the ball bearings 112 and the spherical bearing grooves 114 shown in FIGS. 17 and 19 constitutes the drilling torque transmission means from the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool to the shaft 96 of the drill bit and, in turn, to the drill bit. Segmented surfaces 110 and 118 of enlarged grooves in the ball support rings 108 and 116 allow rotation of the shaft 96 of the drill bit relative to the axis of rotation 99, while transmitting drilling torque from the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool to the shaft 96 of the drill bit.

Thus, this embodiment transfers a thrust load and a torque load between the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool and the shaft 96 of the drill bit, while allowing the axis of the shaft of the drill bit to remain geostationary while rotating the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool to drill in a selected direction .

At the lower end of the tool tubular adapter sleeve 80 is a means for sealing the external drilling fluid from internal lubricating and protective oil around the universal joint. One suitable means for performing such a seal is a bellows-type seal assembly 126, which provides an effective barrier to prevent drilling fluid from entering the universal joint assembly while providing rotational movement of the drill bit shaft 96 relative to the tool adapter sleeve 80.

The angular location of the shaft 96 of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool is achieved by the mechanism 128 of the eccentric arrangement (Fig). A deflecting mandrel 130 is rotationally supported within the tool tubular adapter sleeve 80 by means of bearings 142 and is provided with a deflecting mechanism to angularly displace the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft 96 relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool pipe adapter sleeve 80.

A preferred method of creating this bias is shown in FIGS. 22A-22D, where the deflecting mandrel is rotationally attached to an outer ring 400 having an inner bias surface 401, this annular inner surface having a midline at a bias and at an angle to the outer diameter of the inner ring 406, as whiter clearly seen in figv. On figa offsets from the outer and inner rings are subtracted, which causes the alignment of the center axis 402 of the shaft of the drill bit (aligned with the inner diameter 407 of the outer ring 406) with the longitudinal axis of the deflecting mandrel. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B, the center 405 of the inner ring (shaft of the drill bit) 406 coincides with the center 404 of the outer ring (deflecting mandrel) 404, thereby causing a direct borehole to be drilled by the rotary guided drilling tool.

If the inner ring 406 is rotated 180 ° relative to the outer ring 400, as shown in FIGS. 22C and 22D, then the resulting configuration of the outer and inner rings 400 and 406 adds the offsets of the outer and inner rings, causing the shaft axis 402 to pass through the point 405 below a maximum offset of 403 relative to the outer ring 400, thus positioning the axis of the shaft of the drill bit at a maximum angle relative to the tubular adapter sleeve for drilling in the straight direction. To obtain a smaller angle of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool than in the case of the installation of rings shown in FIGS. 22C and 22D, the rings of the shaft location of the drill bit can have any relative rotational arrangement between the ring positions shown in FIGS. figs and 22D the positions of the rings for drilling, thus, the barrel having a lesser degree, curvilinearity defined by the relative positions of the rings 400 and 406. Thus, the angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill th crown relative to the longitudinal axis of the drill collar may vary between 0 ° and a predetermined maximum value depending on the relative positions of the rings of the shaft location of the drill bit. These rings can be rotated relative to each other by various mechanical or electrical means, including but not limited to a gear motor.

It should also be borne in mind that one of the rings of the deflecting mechanism can be determined by the eccentric socket 134 of the concentric drive element 132 at the lower end of the deflecting mandrel 130, as shown in Fig.17. When the eccentric socket 134 of the deflecting mandrel 130 is rotated by the concentric drive element 132, the eccentric socket 134 locates the upper end of the drill bit shaft 96 in the lateral direction relative to the rotation of the deflecting mandrel 130, as determined by the relative positions of the rings 400 and 406 in FIGS. 22A-22D, thereby causing rotation the shaft 96 of the drill bit relative to its universal support, so that its longitudinal axis 133 becomes angled relative to the axis of rotation 135 of the rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve 80 of the tool, as shown in FIG. Since the drive motor shaft of the deflecting mandrel, whether it is an electric, hydraulic or drive turbine, rotates in the opposite direction relative to the rotation of the turbine drive shaft, and the concentric drive element of the deflecting mandrel 130 rotates at the same speed as the tubular speed adapter sleeve 80 of the tool, the concentric drive element 132 supports the longitudinal axis 133 of the shaft 96 of the drill bit at a geostationary angle relative to the axis of rotation tubular collar 80 tools. Since the tool tubular adapter sleeve 80 is in direct rotational drive communication with the drill bit shaft 96, its rotation by the drill string or a downhole turbine connected to the drill pipe string causes the drill bit shaft 96 to rotate the drill bit, which is maintained at an angle of inclination and azimuth, which is set by this orientation of the shaft of the drill bit. This causes the drill bit to drill a curved wellbore, the curvature of the drilling of which continues until such time as the required inclination of the wellbore is established. Then, the drilling tool is controlled by signals from the surface or feedback signals from various onboard control systems in such a way that its direction control mechanism is neutralized, and the resulting drilled wellbore continues to be straight at the selected angle and azimuth, which is set by the curved wellbore. The ring-in-ring control feature of the drill bit shaft facilitates the adjustment of the angular structure of the drill bit shaft during drilling operations without the need to stop drilling or remove drilling equipment from the wellbore.

To accommodate the rotating deflection of the drill bit shaft 96 without interfering with the flow of drilling fluid through the drill bit passage 148 of the drill bit, the deflecting mandrel 130 is provided with a section 150 of a tap hole, which directs the drilling fluid from the passage channel 152 of the tubular drive shaft and allows unlimited flow of the drill the solution through the deflecting mandrel 130, even when the shaft 96 of the drill bit is located due to this at its maximum angle relative to the tubular transition m 80 fty tool. Around the deflecting mandrel 130 is a tubular pressure compensator 154, as shown in FIG. 18, which separates the oil cavity 158 from the annular cavity 159 and is intended to contain a protective oil medium in the oil cavity 158. A pressure compensator 154 is connected to the lower end 164 of the tube holder 166 of the electronics and sealed against it, and this holder is also shown in the cross-sectional illustration of FIG. The tube holder 166 of the electronics forms a loaded portion 168 extending around a circle in the range of about 90 °, as shown in FIG. 20, and providing retention of various components of the system control, for example, a magnetometer, gyroscopic device, accelerometer, resistivity sensor device, and so on. In addition, the loaded portion 168 provides balancing forces during shaft rotation in order to deflect the lateral loads of the rotational action of the drill bit shaft and thereby minimize vibration of the rotary guided drilling tool during operation. A partial annular space 170 is defined within the tubular tool adapter coupling 80 and on the outside of the tubular electronics holder 166, which provides an arrangement of the electronics 172 of the rotary guided drilling tool system. The system electronics 172 and the various system control components rotate in the opposite direction with the drive motor at the same speed as the tool adapter sleeve 80, so that the electronics and system control components are substantially geostationary during drilling operations.

FIG. 21 shows an alternative embodiment of a tool 180 having a universal keyway and a drill pipe adapter 182 adapted to be connected to a drill string for rotation in the manner described above. The tubular adapter sleeve 182 of the tool forms a tubular extension 184 that forms an internal socket 186 having an omnidirectional drive connection or a universal connection located therein to enable the shaft 188 of the drill bit to be inclined at an angle relative to the tubular adapter sleeve 182 of the tool for geostationary arrangement of the shaft of the drill bit and drill bit for the purpose of drilling a curved borehole. The shoulder in the inner seat 186 provides support for the snap ring 190 having a segment 192 with a spherical surface. The drill bit shaft rotation ring 194 is located around the drill bit shaft 188 and forms a segment 196 with a spherical surface which is in a transmitting force and rotatable in relation to the stop ring 190. The drill bit shaft rotation ring 194 forms an annular cutout in which an annular stop flange 200. A second stop ring 204, also surrounding the drill bit shaft 188, is positioned so that one axial end is abutted relative to the ring stop flange 200 and drill bit shaft rotation rings 194. The lower annular surface of the second thrust ring 204 is formed by an annular segment 206 with a spherical surface, while the segment of the sphere is aligned with the segment 192 with a spherical surface. The annular segment 206 with a spherical surface engages the outer upward segment 207 with the spherical surface of the lower thrust ring 208, so that the longitudinal axis of the drill bit shaft 188 is relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool adapter 182 around the pivot point 209.

23 is a control diagram of a rotary guided drilling system of the present invention by illustrating a block diagram. The system electronics 240 includes programmable electronic memory and processor 242, which are programmed with appropriate algorithms to calculate the desired front face of the tool that sets the borehole curvature, which is necessary to direct the borehole to be drilled to the subsoil zone of interest. The electronics of the system is a programmable wellbore and programmable while drilling to allow the drilling personnel to selectively direct the drill bit during drilling.

In the process of guided well drilling, various data are collected and entered into the system electronics for use in calculating the front face of the tool. Data from the magnetometer 244 provides the system electronics with position signals of the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool relative to the earth’s magnetic field. Data from one or more gyroscopic sensors 246 provide the system electronics with signals of the angular velocity of the output shaft, that is, the shaft of the drill bit of a rotational guided drilling system. For control purposes, data from magnetometers and gyroscopic sensors are fed to the system electronics by selecting OR 248, which is automatically driven by the system electronics and optionally driven by control signals from the surface. In a rotary guided drilling system, at least one and preferably a plurality of accelerometers 250 are used that provide input to system electronics identifying the position of the tool adapter in real time relative to gravity.

Using various inputs from magnetometers, gyroscopic sensors, and accelerometers, system electronics 240 calculates the instantaneous required angle between the outline line of the adapter sleeve of the tool and the outline line of the deflecting mandrel and transmits signals representing the desired angle to the motor controller 252.

An angular position sensor 260, for example a resolving device, is arranged in a tubular adapter coupling of a tool and is positioned in a non-rotational manner relative to a part of the drive shaft of the brushless DC brake motor 256, which is capable of rotationally driving the deflecting mandrel or rotationally inhibiting the deflecting mandrel when controlling the electronics 240 of the system, responsive to various input signals. The purpose of the angle encoder or solver 260 is to identify the real-time position of the brake motor shaft at any given time relative to the tool adapter coupling and to transmit the position of the brake motor 256 to the motor controller 252 via a signal wire 257. Should keep in mind that the motor shaft is driven in a rotational direction, which is opposite to the rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool, through the drill string b, to which this clutch is connected, and with the same frequency as the speed of the adapter clutch. The angular position sensor or resolver may take the form shown and described in US Pat. No. 5,337,098, which is incorporated herein by reference. The output shaft of the brake motor 256 drives the transmission box 262 to thereby allow the engine to operate at its optimum shaft speed for the required torque, allowing the output shaft 258 to rotate in synchronization with the tool adapter clutch speed. A trigger switch 264 of the type of a Hall effect sensor or other trigger circuit is provided, which upon start-up provides the actual position of the deflecting mandrel relative to the tool adapter coupling. The signals of the trigger switch are supplied to the motor controller 252 via a signal wire 265 to identify a change in the position of the drill bit shaft, if supplied, which is necessary to enable the drill bit to follow a programmed curved path during guided drilling operations. Alternatively, the angular position sensor 260 may be mounted on the output shaft of the gearbox 262.

Fig. 24 shows a system control diagram for the alternative embodiment shown in Fig. 14, where the driving force for controlling the rotation in the opposite direction of the mandrel and thus the geostationary location of the axis of rotation of the drill bit shaft is generated by the drive energies of the turbine and brake mud and partially controlled by controlling turbine efficiency. This part of the control circuit of the system for establishing a control signal representing the desired angle between the outline line of the tool adapter sleeve and the outline line or the reference line of the deflecting mandrel essentially has the shape described above in connection with FIG.

This angle control signal is supplied to the brake controller 266, which also receives a position input signal via the trigger signal wire 268 from the trigger circuit 270 and the resolver signal signal wire 272 from the resolver 274. The control output signal of the brake controller 266 is sent to the efficiency control circuit 276 to control the efficiency of the turbine 278 and is applied to the brake 280 to control the braking of the output shaft of the turbine 278 and, thus, to control the rotation of the shaft, which is perceived device. To ensure that the shaft rotated by the turbine and controlled by the brake, typically a deflecting mandrel, rotates at an appropriate angular speed to effectively control the position of the drill bit shaft, the input of the gearbox 280 can be connected to the driven and braking turbine shaft and can be engaged accordingly drive the output shaft 282 in the desired speed range for the effective location of the shaft of the drill bit and the effective drilling of a curved wellbore.

An alternative is that the system includes a turbine control mechanism capable of modifying the energy generated by the turbine by changing its efficiency. As shown at 276 and 278 in the system control block diagram shown in FIG. 24 and schematically in FIG. 13, this feature can be obtained by placing the rotor 52 of the turbine 48 in the stator 50 forming a conical surface 53, and by linearly moving the stator 50 relative to rotor 52, thereby defining a selectively variable turbine. The mounting system of the turbine 48 in a rotary guided drilling tool causes the stator 50 to be mounted in the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool for controlled linear movement, responsive to the signals of the system electronics and the brake controller. The stator mounting system is driven by the drilling tool control electronics, that is, the brake controller 266 responsive to the position signal and the efficiency control circuit 276, as shown in FIG. 24, so that an adjustable arrangement can be achieved when the tool is in the wellbore and this can be achieved during operation of the drilling tool in order to effectively maintain the rotation speed and torque of the turbine within the required limits for efficient operation.

Such a turbine control mechanism will be used to reduce the turbine output at higher flow rates. At lower flow rates, the turbine operates at its maximum efficiency to ensure that the turbine power is always greater than the resistive power. Since the turbine control mechanism responds mainly to changes in flow velocity, its sensitivity bandwidth should not be very large.

From the foregoing, it is obvious that the present invention is well adapted to achieve all the objectives and features set forth herein, along with other goals and features that are inherent in the apparatus disclosed herein.

As those skilled in the art can readily understand, the present invention can easily be developed in other specific forms, without departing from the scope of the essence or important technical characteristics. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered merely illustrative and not limiting, the scope of the invention being shown by the claims and not by the above description and, therefore, it is assumed that all possible changes and the scope of equivalence are included in the claims.

Claims (37)

1. The method of drilling a well and simultaneously guiding the drill bit with an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system, in which the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool is rotated, connected to the drill pipe string and forming a longitudinal axis, rotate inside the pipe adapter of the drill bit using the shaft axis axis arrangement tool in the opposite direction relative to the direction of rotation of the tubular adapter coupling shaft of the drill bit supported inside the tubular th adapter coupling, while the shaft of the drill bit, adapted to maintain it, is rotated by means of the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool, transmit directional signals to the means of arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill bit, causing synchronous rotation in the opposite direction to the rotation of the pipe adapter coupling of the shaft of the drill shaft crowns around the axis of rotation and support the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit, essentially geostationally in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal the axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool during rotation of the shaft of the drill bit with a pipe adapter, characterized in that when transmitting direction control signals to the tool for locating the shaft of the drill bit, the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill crown is selectively inclined in the axial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter , while to establish the selected angle of inclination of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the transitional tubular coupling of the drill of the second tool, the first ring is rotated, forming part of the means of arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill bit and having an eccentric hole, relative to the second ring, at least partially located in the hole of the first ring and having an eccentric hole in which the upper end of the shaft of the drill bit is placed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when transmitting control signals, the directions determine the location, orientation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the angular position of the axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the pipe adapter, generate position signals in real time, conduct electronic signal processing real-time positions and generate directional signals and control means for locating the shaft axis of the drill bit with directional signals. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when transmitting direction control signals, surface control signals are transmitted to the on-board electronics of the rotational guided drilling system and control means for arranging the axis of the shaft of the drill crown with control signals. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that while maintaining the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit in response to directional signals by means of the arrangement of the axis of the shaft of the drill bit, the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit is selectively positioned at any selected position between 0 ° and the maximum angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the selective location of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill string is performed by the action of directional control signals during drilling. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that it further selectively changes the relative position of the first and second rings during drilling, thereby changing the angle of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, and thus changing the guiding course the borehole being drilled during the development of drilling. 7. An actively controlled rotary guided drilling system for drilling wells, comprising a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool connected to a string of drill pipes with the possibility of rotation of the string of drill pipes and the formation of a longitudinal axis, the shaft of the drill bit supported in the tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool with the possibility of a rotary movement relative to the axis of rotation and driven into rotation by means of a tubular adapter sleeve, forming a longitudinal axis and supporting the drill crown ku, means located inside the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool for dynamically determining the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis of the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and generate signals for the position of the shaft of the drill bit, and means for processing signals the possibility of synchronous rotation in the opposite direction of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the direction of rotation of the tubular transition ohm coupling of the drilling tool and maintaining the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit, essentially geostationally in the axial position relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool during rotation of the shaft of the drill bit by the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool, characterized in that to establish a selectively inclined angular position of the longitudinal the axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the axis of rotation of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, the system has been placed in the pipe adapter those location means shaft of the drill bit, comprising: a first eccentric ring with an opening in which, at least partially, is located a second ring, having an eccentrically arranged opening for receiving the upper end of the drill bit shaft and rotatable relative to the first ring. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the first and second rings are connected to a deflecting mandrel having a drive connection with the shaft of the drill bit, and there is a means for transmitting rotation in the opposite direction to the deflecting mandrel at a rotational speed of the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool. 9. The system of claim 8, characterized in that the deflecting mandrel forms a longitudinal axis that coincides with the longitudinal axis of the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, and has a variable drive connection with the shaft of the drill bit for selectively adjusting the angular position of the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the longitudinal axis a drill tool tubular adapter coupling between 0 ° and a predetermined maximum angle. 10. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises means for determining the position, creating position signals representing the real-time position of the tubular adapter sleeve of the tool and the angular position of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool during rotation of this sleeve and of this shaft, electronic signal processing means that processes position signals and generates correction signals when the angular position of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular the tool coupling of the drilling tool is out of tolerance, and the means responsive to the correction signals for adjusting the angular position of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool is within acceptable limits. 11. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that the variable drive connection comprises means for selectively positioning the first and second rings. 12. The system of claim 8, characterized in that the means for transmitting rotation in the opposite direction of the deflecting mandrel comprises a rotary motor in a tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool in rotational drive communication with the deflecting mandrel, means in the adapter coupling of the tool providing energy for driving the rotary engine, and means for controlling the operation of a rotary engine based on real-time measurements of the rotational and angular positions of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the pipes Ata drilling tool collar. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the position-based control circuit is integrated with the system and there are magnetometers, accelerometers and gyroscopic sensors transmitting position indication signals, and the system electronics is capable of processing position indication signals and create a control output signal for controlling operation rotational motor. 14. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the rotary motor is an electric motor, and the means for driving the electric motor is a turbine driven alternating current generator located in the adapter sleeve of the tool, providing output of electric current connected in the working position with the electric motor. 15. The system of claim 12, wherein the rotational motor is an electric motor, and the electric motor drive means is a turbine driven alternating current generator located in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool, providing electric current output connected in the working position to the electric motor, and additionally there is a brake means located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool for selectively applying rotational braking force to the deflecting th mandrel. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the rotary engine is a hydraulic motor having rotational braking ability to apply rotational braking force to the deflecting mandrel, and the hydraulic motor drive means is a turbine driven by a drilling fluid located in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool providing the output of rotational energy, connected in a rotational drive relationship with a hydraulic pump. 17. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool there is a universal connection supporting the shaft of the drill bit for pivoting relative to the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool having support means for transmitting force, allowing rotary movement of the shaft of the drill bit relative to axis of rotation coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the adapter sleeve of the tool and the transfer of force from the shaft of the drill bit to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool cient and away from the drill bit shaft. 18. The system according to 17, characterized in that it further comprises a means of sealing in sealing engagement with the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the shaft of the drill bit and forming a sealed inner chamber in which the universal joint is located, and a protective and lubricating liquid medium, located in a sealed inner chamber that protects and lubricates the universal joint. 19. The system according to p. 18, characterized in that the sealing means is a bellows seal element of a tubular configuration, one end of which is sealed relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, and the other end of which is sealed relative to the shaft of the drill bit, and the bellows element of the seal separates the hermetic inner chamber from drilling fluid in a drilled well. 20. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the universal joint rotary supporting the shaft of the drill bit is located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and contains means in the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool forming internal cavities, the shaft of the drill bit forming external cavities arranged to coincide with the internal cavities, and a plurality of rotary ball elements engaged in the internal cavities and external cavities and supporting the drill bit shaft for pivoting th movement its longitudinal axis between 0 ° and a predetermined maximum angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tubular collar of the drilling tool about a rotation axis and in that the coupling and coincident with the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the drill bit and an adapter tubular drilling tool. 21. The system according to claim 20, characterized in that it further comprises an annular axial force transmission means located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and forming means with spherical surfaces formed around the axis of rotation, while the annular axial force transmission means allows rotary movement of the shaft of the drill bit in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and at the same time transfer forces between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular transition one coupling of the drilling tool. 22. The system according to item 21, wherein the annular axial force transmission means comprises a first thrust ring located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, having transmitting axial force communication with the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and forming a segment with a concave spherical surface, oriented relative to the axis of rotation, the first ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit, located between the shaft of the drill bit and the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool a forming a segment with a convex spherical surface located in an arcuate movable engagement with a segment with a concave spherical surface of the first thrust ring, the first holder, which is in the transmitting force of communication with the shaft of the drill bit and securing the first thrust ring and the first ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit in the transmitting the communication force with the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and the shaft of the drill bit, the second thrust ring located between the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and ohm drill bit in the transmitting force of communication with the holder and forming a segment with a concave spherical surface, oriented relative to the axis of rotation, the second ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit, located between the tubular adapter coupling of the drilling tool and the shaft of the drill bit and forming a segment with a convex spherical surface, located in an arcuate movable transmitting communication force with a segment with a concave spherical surface of the second thrust ring, and means for holding the second thrust ring and a second ring of rotation of the shaft of the drill bit in a fixed position relative to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool. 23. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises at least one magnetometer located in a tubular adapter sleeve of a drilling tool that generates electronic output signals for a dynamically guided drilling system by selectively orienting the shaft of the drill bit during its rotation adapter coupling tool. 24. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises gyroscopic sensors located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and generating electronic signals for guiding the shaft of the drill bit at the desired angle for a certain period of time. 25. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool has a basis and an accelerometer located in the specified sleeve and generates electronic signals representing the angle between the base and the pipe adapter and the field of gravity. 26. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises an electronic control system located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, rotated by the specified sleeve during drilling. 27. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a pusher connected in the drill pipe string next to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and actuated in response to control signals by a rotational guided drilling system to control the load on the drill bit and torque during operation of the rotary guided drilling system. 28. The system according to item 27, characterized in that it further comprises the electronics of the system located in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and having a programmable pusher control circuit, and a drilling fluid control valve located in the pusher, controlled in a controlled manner connected to the electronics of the system, selectively driven driven by an electronics system to control the action of the pusher drilling fluid, to minimize jerky movement of the drill bit and to control torque while drilling. 29. The system according to p. 28, characterized in that the electronics of the system contains a programmable circuit programmed by the full profile of the drilled well and providing an actively controlled rotary guided drilling system with the possibility of providing geostationary wellbore to enable the use of this drilling system for drilling the entire deviated section of the wellbore wells. 30. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a downhole turbine engine connected in the drill pipe string above the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, setting a different speed of rotation of this coupling compared to the speed of the drill pipe string. 31. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a downhole turbine engine connected in the drill pipe string below the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, setting a different speed of rotation of the drill bit compared to the speed of the string of drill pipes and pipe adapter sleeve of the tool. 32. The system according to p. 31, characterized in that it further comprises the electronics of the system in the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool, a control valve located in the downhole turbine engine, controllably connected to the electronics of the system, selectively actuated by the electronics of the system to control the action of the drilling fluid downhole turbine engine. 33. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a pusher connected in the drill pipe string next to the tubular adapter sleeve of the drilling tool and controlling the load on the drill bit during operation of the rotary guided drilling system, and a downhole turbine engine connected in the column drill pipe, setting a different rotation speed of the drill bit compared to the rotation speed of the drill string. 34. The system according to p. 33, characterized in that it further comprises control valves in the circuits of the drilling fluid of the pusher and the downhole turbine engine, controllably actuated by the electronics of the system to control the efficiency of the pusher and the downhole turbine engine to control the load on the drill bit, rotation speed and torque on the drill bit shaft and drill bit. 35. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a flexible adapter sleeve connected to the drill pipe string next to the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool to increase the accuracy of the angular location of the shaft of the drill bit relative to the pipe adapter sleeve of the drilling tool. 36. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises measuring sensors located near the drill bit and allowing positioning close to the drill bit and facilitating a controlled drilling system to make decisions regarding the direction of the wellbore. 37. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises an accelerometer integrated with the shaft of the drill bit and generates position signals showing the inclination of the shaft of the drill bit during drilling.

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