RU2231514C2 - Porous pyroxylin phlegmatized gun powder for sports riffle cartridges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: powder contains nitrocellulose with 209.0-212.0 ml NO/g, diphenylamine, potassium nitrate as pore former, potassium sulfate as flame arrester and additional pore former, dibutyl phthalate or centralite No.1, or di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, or dioctyl phthalate, or trioxyethylene dimethacrylate, or methacryl(bis-triethylene glycol) phthalate, or mixtures thereof as phlegmatizer, graphite, and volatile materials. Powder grain has diameter 0.5-0.8 mm, burning dome diameter 0.18-0.3 mm, and specific surface 101-200 g/cm³.

EFFECT: considerably reduced weight of charge, eliminated unburned grains and flame at shot, and stabilized speed values in a shot group.

2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of powder materials science and can be used in the manufacture of gunpowder and in cartridges for sports and hunting small arms.

When developing gunpowder for sports weapons, there are acute problems of providing a set of operational characteristics. First of all, it is the need to achieve the required speed of shot or bullets with acceptable values of average maximum pressure and extremely low mass of the powder charge. Secondly, these are requirements for ensuring extremely low values of the velocity dispersion in the group of shots.

It is known that for the equipment of cartridges for sports weapons of various systems and purposes, a large number of grades of gunpowder are used. Mostly these are fine-composite and porous powders of various geometric shapes and sizes, which can be either monobasic or dibasic [1]. It is known to use spherical, cylindrical, lamellar powders. The quality of domestic powders, which are offered for use in sports shotgun cartridges, is low and inferior when compared with the best world counterparts in many ways. First of all, this concerns the completeness of combustion, the mass of the powder charge, the maximum pressure during the shot.

The closest of the powders, the production of which is mastered by domestic industry, is the porous phlegmatized gunpowder described in [2]. Although this powder is intended for hunting cartridges, although it has a number of drawbacks, it can nevertheless be used to equip some types of sports shotgun cartridges for sports small arms. Its main physicochemical and ballistic characteristics are given in [2] and in Tables 1 and 2. According to [2], gunpowder contains nitrocellulose, diphenylamine, graphite, volatile substances, phlegmatizer (dibutyl phthalate), pore formers (sodium bicarbonate, or carbon dioxide potassium acid, or potassium nitrate), and the powder grain has a length to diameter ratio of 1.4-1.6, an initial specific surface area of 70-100 cm ² / g, and the phlegmatizer is introduced to a depth of 0.25-2.55 μm, with the following components, wt.%:

Diphenylamine 0.80-0.20

Sodium bicarbonate,

or carbonic

potassium sour, or

potassium nitrate 0.01-0.40

Dibutyl phthalate 0.20-1.40

Graphite 0.40-0.90

Volatiles 0.50-2.50

Nitrocellulose with

nitrogen content

209.0-210.5 ml NO / g Else

The main disadvantage of this gunpowder is that it does not provide a set of requirements for shot cartridges for sports small arms. First of all, due to the non-optimal geometric characteristics of gunpowder — the thickness of the burning arch, specific surface area, and the ratio of the length and diameter of the powder elements specified in [2], there is a significant amount of unburned particles of gunpowder when equipped with sports shotgun cartridges. This is recorded in special experiments when firing through a screen of filtered paper located at a distance of 10 cm from the muzzle. In addition, the required values of the speed of the fraction provided by this powder are not achieved or are reached at an extremely low level with a high mass of the powder charge of 1.8-2.0 g. Note that in the case of equipping sports cartridges imported with powder, under comparable conditions, the mass of the powder charge is 1.4-1.6 g. The increased mass of the charge primarily leads to an increase in recoil when fired and to reduce the comfort of the shot. The muzzle flame observed during firing also seems to be an unsatisfactory indicator. In addition, this powder, due to incomplete combustion, has low rates of speed stability in the group of shots. A significant disadvantage of gunpowder is also the fact that it is necessary to extremely strictly withstand the depth of penetration of the phlegmatizer.

For the manufacture of shotgun cartridges for sports small arms, which have characteristics at the level of the best world analogues, it is necessary to develop new domestic gunpowder that could provide the required level of quality. First of all, this provides the possibility of reducing the mass of the charge (by 20-30%), the absence of unburned grains and flame during the shot, higher speed values and improving the stability of the throwing speed in the group of shots.

The stated technical problem was solved by using potassium nitrate as a blowing agent, potassium sulfate as a flame retardant and additional blowing agent, dibutyl phthalate, or centralite No. 1, or di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, or dioctylphthalate or trioxyethylenetimethacrylate or ) phthalate, or mixtures thereof as a phlegmatizer, as well as volatile substances, graphite, diphenylamine, while the nitrogen content in nitrocellulose is 209.0-212.0 ml NO / g, the diameter of the powder grain 0.5-0.8 mm, the thickness of the burning arch 0.18-0.3 mm, the specific surface area is 101-200 cm ² / g with the following content of components, wt .:

Diphenylamine 0.40-1.40

Potassium nitrate 0.01-0.50

Potassium sulfate 0.01-0.50

Dibutyl phthalate, or

central # 1, or

di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate,

or dioctyl phthalate, or

trioxyethylene dimethacrylate,

or methacryl (bis-triethylene glycol)

phthalate, or mixtures thereof 0.10-2.00

Graphite 0.10-0.50

Volatiles 0.50-2.50

Nitrocellulose

209.0-212.0 ml NO / g Else

Samples of the proposed porous pyroxylin powder were manufactured and tested under industrial production conditions of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Kotovsky Plastics Plant. Table 1 shows the main physico-chemical characteristics of several samples of the proposed gunpowder and prototype.

Table 2 presents the results of ballistic tests of sports cartridges with gunpowder taken as a prototype and the proposed gunpowder made by the well-known technology of porous pyroxylin gunpowders [3], as well as the ballistic characteristics of a sports cartridge that correspond to the best world standards (Table 2 ) Fraction speed V _{10cp was} determined at a distance of 10 m from the muzzle end as the average of 10 parallel shots.

It can be seen that, unlike the prototype, the new gunpowder provides a significant (20-30%) reduction in charge mass, the absence of unburned grains and flame during the shot, a higher throwing speed and significantly better stability of the throwing speed in the group of shots. These advantages are achieved by optimizing the combustion process, primarily by changing the composition and characteristics of the manufacture of gunpowder, by choosing the necessary ratio of geometric parameters and porosity, which determine the specific surface area, which differ from the prototype.

It should be noted that gunpowder with geometrical parameters that go beyond the selected limits and the specific surface, do not provide the requirements for gunpowder for sports cartridges. The specific surface is regulated by changing the ratio of length to diameter and through the density of the powder grains, and the latter can be changed by entering a different number of blowing agents - potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate. Note that going beyond the selected potassium sulfate content leads, on the one hand, to the appearance of a muzzle flame, and, on the other hand, to a decrease in energy characteristics and a drop in throwing speed.

Sources of information

1. A.V. Kostochko, V.F. Sopin, M.V. Khudyaev. Domestic hunting gunpowder on a volatile solvent. In the book. “Ignition and combustion of condensed systems, the study of their flames”, Kazan, 2001, p. 118.

2. RF patent No. 2145951, C 06 V 25/20, 02.27.00.

3. Horst A.G. Gunpowder and explosives - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1972, p. 208.

Claims (1)

Porous phlegmatized pyroxylin gunpowder for cartridges for sports small arms, containing nitrocellulose, diphenylamine, graphite, potassium nitrate, volatile substances and phlegmatizer, characterized in that it contains potassium nitrate as a blowing agent, additionally contains potassium sulfate as an additional flame retardant as a phlegmatizer - dibutyl phthalate, or centralit No. 1, or di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, or dioctyl phthalate, or trioxyethylene dimethacrylate, or methacryl (bis- diethylene glycol) phthalate, or mixtures thereof, and nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of 209.0-212.0 ml NO / g, while the powder grain has a diameter of 0.5-0.8 mm, the thickness of the burning arch 0.18-0.3 mm, specific surface area 101-200 cm ² / g, with the following content of components, wt.%: Diphenylamine 0.40-1.40 Potassium nitrate 0.01-0.50 Potassium sulfate 0.01-0.50 Dibutylphthalate or Central No. 1, or di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, or dioctyl phthalate, or trioxyethylene dimethacrylate, or methacryl (bis-triethylene glycol) phthalate, or mixtures thereof 0.10-2.00 Graphite 0.10-0.50 Volatiles 0.50-2.50 Nitrocellulose containing nitrogen 209.0-212.0 ml NO / g Else