RU221913U1 - Universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeders with a working width of 6 m, and is intended for row sowing of seeds on light, medium and heavy soils of grains, medium seeds, vegetables, herbs and grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of a starting dose of granular mineral fertilizers . The technical result consists in reducing the labor intensity of maintenance, improving the agrotechnical indicators of sowing, increasing the accuracy of seed sowing rates and the reliability of the seeder, as well as the possibility of unhindered movement along public roads, in conjunction with a tractor. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a seeder that contains a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowed materials, sowing devices, a central transportation system, coulters with seed ducts attached to them, a fan with a drive, a chassis with support pneumatic wheels, markers, hydraulic system, system for monitoring the operating parameters of the seeder, transport alarm - switchgear of the central transportation system, installed on a rotating frame, which is pivotally connected to the frame and is designed to install the seeder in the transport position, devices for feeding seeded materials into the central transportation system are attached to the unloading windows of the sowing devices, each of which is a housing, in the lower part of which there is a pipe equipped with a hinged lid. The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the central system for transporting sowed materials is closed to ensure the possibility of sequential connection of sowing devices in order to reduce the width of the hopper. In addition, seeding units have replaceable spools and gates that separate them from the hopper, which is pressurized and sealed. The support wheels are located between the hopper and the coulter beams and are rigidly mounted on the axle. The seeder is equipped with a drive wheel with star lugs, which is kinematically connected to the sowing units through variators. The coulter beams are hinged on the rotating frame - right and left, with coulters located on them, the distance between which is 150 mm, and the pressure of the coulters on the soil is regulated section by section using springs and screw mechanisms. Each of the openers is a block consisting of a disk made in the form of a truncated cone, which has a horizontal angle of attack of 5 degrees, and a V-shaped mounted elastic gauge wheel, which are mounted on a bracket with grooves, with the ability to adjust the height using a lever, equipped with a spring-loaded handle. To maintain the principle of staggering the coulters, with a distance of 350 mm between rows, the brackets have different lengths. The coulter can be of any design - single-disc, double-disc or anchor, spring-loaded or with rubber bands, with or without a roller. The seeder is equipped with a device for planting seeds. The marker consists of two arms and is designed to be transformed along the coulter beams. The width of the seeder when combined with a tractor in transport position, equal to 2.5 m, corresponds to the required size for driving on general roads, in accordance with the Road Traffic Regulations.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeders, with a working width of 6 m, intended for row sowing of seeds on light, medium and heavy soils of grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.), medium-sized - legumes (peas, beans, lupine, etc.), cruciferous (rapeseed, oilseed radish, etc.), bulk (urchin grass, fescue, etc.), vegetables, herbs and grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of a starting dose fertilizers or grasses under the cover of grain crops.

The well-known universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder Citan 6000 with a working width of 6 m from the manufacturer AMAZONEN-WERKE, N. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG [1].

The disadvantages of this seeder are:

the possibility of sowing only one type of seed, without adding a starting dose of mineral fertilizers or grasses under the cover of grain crops. Moreover, the design of the seeder cannot be used to install a second sowing apparatus for another type of seeding material, since the central transportation system is made open, and the device for feeding the seeded material into the central transportation system, attached to the discharge window of the sowing apparatus, is an ejector, which in series a connected system can only have one;

The sowing unit is driven by an electric motor. If you change the design of the seeder and install a second sowing device, you will need a second electric motor; in this case, for an acceptable cost and reliability of the seeder, it is better to use a mechanical drive;

The width of the seeder in transport position is 3 m.

In accordance with the Traffic Rules on general purpose roads in Russia, it is necessary to have 2.5 m;

When folding the seeder into the transport position, the rotating frame must make two movements - first turn through an angle of 85°, then another 5°. The design of the holder must be changed so that with one movement of the rotating frame, the coulter beams of the seeder are automatically fixed.

A known universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a 6 m gripper, designed for sowing seeds with a distance between rows of 125 mm on light, medium and heavy soils of grains (wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.), medium-seeded legumes (peas, beans, lupine etc.), cruciferous (rapeseed, oilseed radish, etc.), bulk (cocksfoot, fescue, etc.), vegetables, herbs and grass mixtures with the simultaneous application of a starting dose of fertilizers or herbs under the cover of grain crops [2].

The disadvantage of this seeder is the large width of the seeder in the transport position - more than 3.5 m. This disadvantage is a consequence of the symmetrical arrangement of the sowing devices relative to the axis of movement of the seeder, which entails:

increasing the dimensions of the hopper and frame in width;

increasing the track of support wheels;

is the cause of frequent drive failure due to misalignment of the shafts of the sowing devices, located perpendicular to the movement of the seeder.

The disadvantage of this seeder is also the use of the support wheel as a drive wheel. Soil sticking to the wheel, especially at high humidity, and the dependence of the static radius of the wheel on pressure change the number of revolutions that the seeder wheel makes per unit path, which entails a deviation in sowing accuracy.

In addition, the seeder has the following disadvantages:

difficulty in setting the seeding rate on sowing machines using a screw device;

impossibility of copying the soil, there is only a rebound of the coulter when hitting an obstacle with a vertical stroke of up to 75 mm;

lack of a device for planting seeds.

This seeder is a prototype for a seeder offered as a utility model.

The utility model is aimed at reducing the labor intensity of operating the seeder, improving the agrotechnical indicators of sowing, increasing the accuracy of seed sowing rates and increasing the reliability of the seeder, as well as making it possible to move unhindered along public roads.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a seeder that contains a frame, a hopper with two compartments for two types of sowed materials, sowing devices, a central transportation system, coulters with seed ducts attached to them, a fan with a drive, a chassis with support pneumatic wheels, markers, hydraulic system, system for monitoring the operating parameters of the seeder, transport alarm - the distribution device of the central transportation system is installed on a rotating frame, which is pivotally connected to the frame, and is designed to install the seeder in the transport position, devices for feeding the sowed materials into the central transportation system are attached to the unloading windows of the sowing devices, each of which is a housing, in the lower part of which there is a pipe equipped with a hinged lid.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the central system for transporting sowed materials is closed to ensure the possibility of sequential connection of sowing devices in order to reduce the width of the hopper. In addition, seeding units have replaceable spools and gates that separate them from the hopper, which is pressurized and sealed. The support wheels are located between the hopper and the coulter beams, and are rigidly mounted on the axle. The seeder is equipped with a drive wheel with star lugs, which is kinematically connected to the sowing units through variators.

Two coulter beams are hingedly and symmetrically mounted on the rotating frame, with coulters located on them, the distance between which is 150 mm, and the pressure of the coulters on the soil is regulated section by section, using springs and screw mechanisms. Each of the openers is a block consisting of a disk made in the form of a truncated cone, which has a horizontal angle of attack of 5 degrees, and a V-shaped mounted elastic gauge wheel, which are mounted on a bracket with grooves, with the ability to adjust the height using a lever, equipped with a spring-loaded handle. To maintain the principle of staggered coulter arrangement, with a distance between rows of 350 mm, the brackets have different lengths. The coulter can be of any design - single-disc, double-disc or anchor, spring-loaded or with rubber bands, with or without a roller. The seeder is equipped with a device for planting seeds.

The marker consists of two arms and is designed to be transformed along the coulter beams.

The width of the seeder when combined with a tractor in the transport position, no more than 2.5 m, corresponds to the required size for driving on general roads, in accordance with the Traffic Rules.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m in working position.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m in working position, top view.

In fig. Figure 3 shows the installation of coulters on beams with a screw device for tensioning the springs.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m in transport position, rear view.

In fig. 5 shows the drive of the sowing devices.

In fig. 6 shows the connection of sowing devices and devices for supplying seeded materials to the central transportation system.

In fig. Figure 7 shows the replaceable metering coils.

The supporting element of the seeder is a narrow frame 1 (Fig. 1). The seeder frame is a welded structure made of rectangular pipes and a hinged towbar connected to it with a traverse for connection to the tractor. A narrow hopper 2 is installed on the frame, which is an all-welded structure with supports with a capacity of 3 m ³ and is made in the form of two compartments 3 and 4 for two types of sowed materials in the proportion 40%: 60%. Each of the compartments has a prismatic funnel, to the flanges of which a sowing device 5 is attached.

Devices for supplying seeded materials 6 to the central transportation system 7 are connected to the sowing units, the air ducts of which are connected to the outlet pipe of the fan with drive 8 and the inlet pipe of the distribution device 9. The output end of the shaft of the fan drive drive pulley is connected to the shaft through a cardan shaft with an overrunning clutch 10 tractor power take-off.

The switchgear is mounted on a rotating frame 11, pivotally connected to the frame. The seed tubes 12 connect the fittings of the distribution device with the coulters 13 located on the coulter beams 14 and 15 (Fig. 3), in a checkerboard pattern.

The opener is a block consisting of a disk 16 (Fig. 3), made in the form of a truncated cone, which has a horizontal angle of attack of 5 degrees, and a V-shaped installed elastic copy wheel 17, which are mounted on a bracket with grooves 18, with the possibility of adjustment in height using a lever 19 equipped with a spring-loaded handle 20. Each opener is equipped with a spring 21, which serves to regulate the pressure of the opener on the soil using a screw device 22.

Devices for supplying sowed materials to the central transportation system are attached to the discharge windows of the sowing devices and represent a housing 23 (Fig. 6), in the lower part of which there is a pipe with rectangular holes 24, equipped with a hinged cover 25.

The chassis 26 (Fig. 2) with support pneumatic wheels 27 (Fig. 1), rigidly fixed to the axis, is located between the hopper and the coulter beams.

The drive of the sowing devices 28 (Fig. 1) consists of a drive wheel with lugs 29 (Fig. 5), which is kinematically, through variators 30, connected to the sowing devices 5 (Fig. 1).

The sowing units are equipped with replaceable metering rollers, shown in Fig. 7. In order to replace the metering roller when the hopper is full, it is necessary to use the shutter 31 (Fig. 6) attached to the sowing apparatus.

At the extreme points of the coulter beams, markers 32 are installed (Fig. 2), designed to ensure butt spacing during the subsequent passage of the seeder. The marker consists of two arms and is designed to be transformed along the coulter beams in the transport position.

The hydraulic system 33 (Fig. 2) consists of two hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the rotating frame, two hydraulic cylinders for folding the coulter beams, two hydraulic cylinders for controlling markers and a hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the drive wheel.

To monitor the operation of sowing devices, the fan, the presence of seed in the hopper, registration of the sown area, as well as the presence of seeds in the seed tubes, a system for monitoring the operating parameters of the seeder 34 (Fig. 6), the remote control of which is installed in the tractor cabin, is designed. To transport the seeder along roads, together with a vehicle, the seeder is equipped with a transport alarm 35 (Fig. 2). The seeder is equipped with a device for planting seeds 36 (Fig. 1)

In the transport position in a unit with a tractor, the width dimension is no more than 2500 mm, as shown in Fig. 4, which corresponds to the required size for driving on general roads, in accordance with the Road Traffic Rules.

A universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder operates as follows: the traverse of the towbar, pivotally mounted on the frame of the seeder 1 (Fig. 1), is attached to the towbar of the tractor, adjusted in height. The hydraulic system 33 (Fig. 2) of the seeder is connected with high-pressure hoses to the hydraulic distributor of the tractor. The control system console 34 (Fig. 6), located in the tractor cabin, is connected to a monitor located on the seeder.

The coulter beams 14 and 15 (Fig. 3) are released from the mechanical fastening in the transport position and unfolded, taking a position parallel to the rotating frame. The rotating frame 11 (Fig. 1) is released from its mechanical fixation in the transport position and rotates along with the coulter beams attached to it, occupying a working position. The markers 32 (Fig. 2) are released from the mechanical fastening in the transport position. And one of the markers takes a working position. The required metering coil (Fig. 7) is installed in each of the sowing devices 5 (Fig. 1). On openers 13 (Fig. 1), using lever 19 (Fig. 3), a spring-loaded handle 20 sets the required seed placement depth, and a screw device 22, using spring 21, regulates the pressure of the openers on the soil sectionally. The fan with drive 6 is adjusted (Fig. 1) - dampers are installed or removed, depending on the required air flow. The height-adjustable device for embedding seeds 36.

Hopper 2 (Fig. 1) of the seeder is filled with grain and a second seed material, for example, granulated mineral fertilizer. On each of the variators 30 (Fig. 5), the position of the lever on the scale that determines the seeding rate is adjusted and fixed.

If it is necessary to sow only one type of material, then both compartments are used with the appropriate settings for each of the sowing devices.

The drive wheel with lugs 28 (Fig. 1) is released from the mechanical fastening in the transport position, and it takes the working position.

When the seeder moves, rotation from the drive wheel is transmitted through the variators to the seeding units. The seeded material enters the feeder of seeded materials 6 (Fig. 1) into the central transportation system 7, where it is picked up by a stream of compressed air and sent to the distribution device 9, which has a corrugated surface for mixing and equalizing the flow density, and then along the seed tubes 12 to the openers , and from there - into the grooves to a given depth.

At the end of the headland, before turning, the turning frame rotates at a small angle, about 15°. The coulters and the device for embedding the seeds come out of the soil. After finishing work, the seeder is installed in the transport position - first the markers, then successively the rotating frame, coulter beams and the drive wheel with all transformable units fixed in the transport position.

The creation of a universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m made it possible to reduce the labor intensity of operating the seeder, improve the agrotechnical indicators of sowing, increase the accuracy of seeding rates and reliability, and also make it possible to move unhindered along roads.

At the same time, the traction resistance of the seeder is minimal, and the energy means corresponds to class 2 in terms of traction and power indicators, ensuring stable execution of the technological process.

Information sources:

1. Universal pneumatic semi-trailer seeder Citan 6000. Operating manual Type Document number: MG5735. Date of compilation: 10.2015 © Copyright AMAZONEN-WERKE N. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG.

2. Utility model RU No. 112585, IPC A01S 7/00, application No. 2011136290/13 dated 08/31/2011, published 01/20/2012.

Claims (9)

1. Pneumatic semi-trailer seeder with a working width of 6 m, including a supporting frame with a hopper having two compartments for two types of seeded materials, driven sowing devices, a central transportation system with a driven fan and a distribution device, devices for feeding seeded materials into the central a transportation system attached to the discharge windows of the sowing devices, representing a body, coulters with seed tubes attached to them, installed on symmetrically located coulter beams in a checkerboard pattern, a chassis with support pneumatic wheels, markers having two arms, a hydraulic system, a parameter control system operation of the seeder, transport signaling, characterized in that the switchgear of the central transportation system, made closed to enable sequential connection of sowing units, is installed on a rotating frame, pivotally connected to the supporting frame and intended for installing the seeder in the transport position, while the openers are mounted on two coulter beams with a distance between each other of 150 mm and between rows of 350 mm by means of brackets with different lengths, and the coulter beams are hinged on a rotating frame with the possibility of folding in a transport position, and the markers are made with the possibility of transformation along the coulter beams, in addition, in the lower Part of the casings of the devices for supplying sowed materials is a pipe with a hinged cover. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing devices have replaceable metering reels and dampers that separate them from the hopper. 3. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper is under excess pressure and is sealed. 4. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the support wheels are located between the hopper and the coulter beams and are rigidly mounted on the axle. 5. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive wheel having lugs, which is kinematically connected through variators to the sowing devices. 6. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the coulters on the soil is adjusted section by section using springs and screw mechanisms. 7. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the coulter is a block consisting of a disk made in the form of a truncated cone, which has a horizontal angle of attack of 5°, and a V-shaped installed elastic gauge wheel, which are mounted on a bracket with grooves with the ability to adjust the height using a lever equipped with a spring-loaded handle. 8. The seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that the coulter is made either single-disc, or double-disc, or anchored, spring-loaded or on rubber bands, with or without a roller. 9. Seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device for planting seeds.