RU2168361C2 - Disintegrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for mechanical and pneumomechanical dispersion and mixing of fragile materials of low strength, solid-liquid suspensions, including cereal crops and fibrous materials. SUBSTANCE: disintegrator has body accommodating internal and external rotors made in form of coaxial internal and external shafts secured to which are disk and disk-sleeve enclosing disk; percussive pins attached to concentric circumference of disk opposite to one another. External shaft is hollow and consist of upper and lower parts to which disks are fastened opposite to each other and pins located on disks over concentric circumferences. Central part of disks has through holes. Disks are interconnected by curved segment forming convex curved side surface. Segment lower part has tangential holes. Disintegrator body is shaped structure with arched depressions in its upper and lower parts. Located in said depressions are upper loading and lower discharging holes whose lower ones are restrained from external rotor by arcwise grids. Cone-shaped loading funnel is secured in body upper part. Lower part of said funnel is located in a minium spaced relation to upper part of external rotor. Secured to upper shaft of external rotor over spiral line are working members found inside loading funnel. Installed on lower shaft of external rotor is impeller adjacent to lower disk. Impeller blades are installed for regulation of angle of their inclination relative to horizontal surface. Curved branch pipes are installed in holes of body side surfaces. Mixer toroidal body is adjacent to side surface of device body, in its lower part. Inlet holes of branch pipes are restrained by arcwise grid. Discharging branch pipes are located in mixer lower part. EFFECT: higher efficiency of disintegration and mixing of materials with different mechanical and physical properties. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of building materials industry, in particular to devices for mechanical and pneumomechanical dispersion and mixing of brittle materials of low strength, solid-liquid suspensions, including grain crops and fibrous materials to achieve a homogeneous fine product from fine-grained materials.

 Disintegrators are known in which materials are crushed between two internal and external rotors rotating in opposite directions, on which grinding elements of various configurations are located along concentric circles [1,2].

 However, these disintegrators have a narrow scope and do not fully provide the conditions for rational grinding of the material.

 The closest solution to the technical nature and the achieved effect is a disintegrator containing a housing with loading and discharge pipes, in which internal and external rotors are installed with disks with shock elements placed against each other [3].

 A disadvantage of the known design is the inability to recycle the dispersible material, the separation in one unit of the processes of dispersion and mixing of the starting products.

 The invention is aimed at increasing the efficiency of dispersing and mixing materials with various physical and mechanical properties.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the disintegrator containing the housing, in which the inner and outer rotors are installed, made in the form of coaxial inner and outer shafts and a disk fixed to them and a disk-cup enclosing it, with shock fingers attached along concentric circles of the disks towards each other. The disintegrator is installed vertically, and the outer shaft of the disintegrator is hollow and consists of upper and lower parts with disks mounted on them against each other. Through a concentric circle in the central part of the disc through holes are placed. The disks are interconnected by an arcuate segment, forming a convex arcuate lateral surface, in the lower part of which tangential holes are made. Impact fingers have a cylindrical shape and are fixed along concentric circles of the upper and lower disks of the outer rotor and the disk of the inner rotor. The axis of the fingers is perpendicular to the planes of these disks, and the concentric circles of the fingers of the disk of the inner rotor are placed between the concentric circles of the fingers of the disk of the outer rotor. The cage body is made profile with arcuate hollows in its upper and lower parts, in which the upper loading and lower discharge openings are located, the lower of which are bounded by arcuate gratings from the outer rotor. A conical loading funnel is fixed in the upper part of the casing, the lower part of which is located with a minimum clearance above the upper part of the outer rotor. On the upper shaft of the outer rotor, working elements are fixed along a helical line, made, for example, in the form of knives located inside a loading funnel. An impeller is mounted on the lower shaft of the outer rotor adjacent to the lower disk, the blades of which are fixed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination relative to the horizontal surface. On the side surfaces of the casing, arcuate nozzles are installed in the holes, which tangentially enter the torus-shaped body of the mixer, as well as arcuate nozzles are equipped with dispenser nozzles, while the toroidal mixer body adjoins the side surface of the profile body in its lower part. The inlet openings of the arcuate nozzles are bounded by an arcuate lattice adjacent to a conical loading funnel and the side surface of the housing. In the lower part of the mixer unloading nozzles are placed.

 The inventive combination of features is proposed for the first time, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty."

The use of this invention provides the achievement of new properties, namely:
1. In providing preliminary destruction of the source material by working elements located in the cavity of the loading funnel.

 2. In the implementation of an external recycling of the crushed material by increasing the efficiency of grinding and feeding the finely ground product into the mixing chamber.

 3. In ensuring the homogenization of the crushed material with additional components in the toroidal body of the mixer with intensive exposure to the mixture of vortex air flows.

 These properties do not explicitly follow from the prior art and are not obvious to a specialist, since a causal relationship between the distinguishing features and the achieved effect has been established for the first time.

 All this indicates that this technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a disintegrator, side view; in FIG. 2 - view of the disintegrator from below.

 The disintegrator comprises a profile housing 1 made with arcuate hollows in its upper and lower parts, having upper loading 2 and lower unloading 3 holes in the hollows. At the same time, a cone-shaped loading funnel 4 is fixed in the upper part of the housing, the lower part of which is located with a minimum clearance above the upper part of the outer rotor 5 of the disintegrator. The outer rotor consists of a hollow shaft made of two parts, the upper 6 and lower 7, each of which is fixed, for example, in a pair of bearings placed, for example, in cups of the upper and lower parts of the cage body. A disk-cup is placed on the shaft, which consists of two disks, the upper 8 with through holes 9 and the lower 10 located under it with through holes 11. Moreover, the through holes are located on the concentric circle of the disks in their central part. In this case, the disks are interconnected by an arcuate segment 12, forming a convex arched side surface, in the lower part of which tangential holes 13 are made. On the disks, along two concentric circles, cylindrical shock fingers 14 are fixed towards each other 14. The inner rotor 15 consists of an internal shaft 16 s the disk 17 mounted on it. In turn, the inner shaft is fixed, for example, in a pair of bearings with one end in the cavity of the upper shaft of the outer rotor and the other end in the cavity of the lower shaft of the same rotor, whereby the inner rotor is located in the cavity of the outer rotor. Also on the disk of the inner rotor along two concentric circles in opposite planes are the same shock fingers as the outer rotor. In this case, the concentric circles on which the shock fingers of the inner rotor are located are between the concentric circles on which the shock fingers of the outer rotor are located, and also the axes of the shock fingers are perpendicular to the planes of their disks. On the upper shaft of the outer rotor there are installed working elements 18, made, for example, in the form of knives, located on the shaft along a helical line and located inside the loading funnel. An impeller 19 is mounted on the lower shaft adjacent to the lower disk, the blades of which are fixed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination. The lower side surface of the disintegrator is covered by a toroidal body of the mixer 20 with tangentially incoming arcuate nozzles 21 located in the upper part of the mixer body. Outgoing nozzles 22 are located in the lower part of the mixer body 22. The arcuate nozzle with its upper end is installed in the hole of the side surface of the cage, and the lower end is tangentially installed in the hole in the upper part of the toroidal mixer body. In turn, a dispenser pipe 23. is fixed in the hole in the side surface of the arcuate pipe 23. A grill 24 is installed in the upper part of the housing in front of the openings of the arc-shaped pipes, and a grill 25 in the lower part in front of the discharge openings.

 The disintegrator works as follows. The material enters through the loading nozzles 2 into the loading funnel 4, where it is preliminarily comminuted by the working elements 18. The latter are arranged along a helical line, which contributes to the advancement of the material into the cavity composed of the upper disk 8 of the outer rotor 5 and the disk 17 of the inner rotor 15. The grinding takes place as follows way. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the particles of the material are subjected to impacts and primary grinding from one concentric circle of the impact fingers 14. Since the rotors 5 and 15 rotate towards each other with high frequency, the material is subjected to secondary grinding from the second concentric circle of the impact fingers 14 moving towards the movement of the fingers 14 of the first concentric circle. Further passage of the material and its grinding occurs in a similar manner, passing to the following concentric circles. After that, the material, under the action of centrifugal forces, striking against the curved side surface 12 of the outer rotor 5, slides along its walls into the cavity made up of the disc 17 of the inner rotor 15 and the lower disc 10 of the outer rotor 5. Then it is picked up by the air flows created by the impeller 19 and bursting through the tangential holes 13 in the lower part of the side surface 12 of the outer rotor 5. The material supported by the air flow, overcoming the centrifugal forces of the grinding shock fingers 14, passes into the Central part d ck-cup and out through the through hole of the lower disc 10. After that, the coarser fraction of conditioned product by passing the grille 25, exits through the discharge opening 3, and a thinner product and material retained grating 25, the air stream rises to the top of the disintegrator. The fine fraction, overcoming the grating 24, enters the openings of the arcuate tubes 21, and the larger fraction of the unmilled material through the openings of the upper disk 8 of the outer rotor 5 enters the flow of the main material. Additives of other particles are supplied to the fine fraction that has entered the arcuate nozzles 21 through additives to the dispenser 23 that are suitable for them. After that, the particles tangentially enter the toroidal body of the mixer 20, where they are mixed in vortex flows and exit through the exhaust pipes 22.

 The use of a disintegrator in various technological lines allows reducing costs for creating new technological schemes without developing and creating additional equipment. This design of the disintegrator allows to increase the production of a finer product due to the use of the recirculation mode, and the use of grinding and mixing of particles of materials in one machine allows to reduce the total energy consumption compared to the prototype. The simplicity of the design allows for quick replacement of the working elements and reduces costs when the machine is stopped during repair or maintenance.

Sources of information
1. A.S. N 563187, B 02 C 13/22, 1977.

 2. A.S. N 1192851, B 02 C 13/14, 1985.

 3. A.S. N 1291206, B 02 C 13/22, 1987.

Claims (1)

 A disintegrator comprising a housing in which the inner and outer rotors are installed, made in the form of coaxial inner and outer shafts and a disk fixed thereto and a disk cup enclosing it, with shock fingers attached to the concentric circles of the disks towards each other, characterized in that the disintegrator mounted vertically, and the outer shaft of the disintegrator is hollow and consists of upper and lower parts with disks mounted on them against each other with concentric surroundings holes in the central part of the disks, through holes, while the disks are interconnected by an arched segment forming a convex arched lateral surface, in the lower part of which tangential openings are made, in turn, the impact fingers are cylindrical in shape and are fixed along concentric circles of the upper and lower the disks of the outer rotor and the disc of the inner rotor, the axis of the fingers being perpendicular to the planes of these disks, and the concentric circles of the fingers of the disc of the inner rotor between the concentric circles of the fingers of the disk of the outer rotor, in turn, the cage body is made profile with arcuate hollows in its upper and lower parts, in which the upper loading and lower discharge openings are located, the lower of which are bounded by arcuate gratings from the outer rotor, while a conical loading funnel is fixed to the upper part of the housing, the lower part of which is located with a minimum clearance above the upper part of the outer rotor, and on the upper shaft of the outer the rotor is fixed by a helix working elements located inside the feed funnel, and on the lower shaft of the outer rotor there is an impeller adjacent to the lower disk, the blades of which are fixed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their inclination relative to the horizontal surface, in turn, on the side surfaces of the housing are installed the openings are arcuate nozzles that tangentially enter the toroidal body of the mixer, while the arcuate nozzles are provided with dispenser nozzles, and the toroidal body with esitelya abuts the side surface of the profile body in its lower portion, the arcuate nozzle inlets limited arcuate grille adjacent the conical hopper and a side surface of the housing, and at the bottom the mixer has discharge nozzles.

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