RU2150986C1 - Oil and water separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning of oil-containing water. SUBSTANCE: separator has housing, oil receiver, coalescence filters and shut-off devices. Oil receiver is brought outside housing and is provided with floatator arranged in its lower portion and device for control of process of discharge of oil from oil receiver. Housing with filters is mounted horizontally; it is narrowing in upper portion and is provided with cover made in form of inclined pipe for removal of oil. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of separation due to absolute separation of contaminated and cleaned flows of water. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for the purification of oily water (HCB), and more particularly to a static type oil-water separator.

 Oil is in water in the form of a thin surface film and small droplets dispersed in volume. In accordance with this, cleaning tasks are set and solved. For example, the usual solution is when the surface thin film is thickened to a state that makes it possible for it to evacuate independently from the separator. To do this, in the upper part of the latter, a narrowness is arranged in the form of a cap or a truncated cone, ending with a reservoir of oil with level sensors. Oil droplets in the volume of water in various ways (coalescence, coagulation, exposure to ultrasound, etc.) are increased to sizes that allow them to float into the same reservoir, or removed by filtering HCB through the so-called permanent oil layer, exposure to air (flotation) and other ways. A variety of combinations of methods are possible, ultimately ensuring the concentration of all oil in the reservoir for its subsequent evacuation by a sensor signal or by any other known method.

 In all cases, the separation of mass flows of polluted and purified water is of fundamental importance. For this purpose, special separators, perforated rings, visors, etc. are arranged in the separator.

 Among the priorities also include decisions regarding autonomy, energy consumption, simplicity of the design of the separator, the use of components and parts manufactured in bulk therein.

 The well-known "Filter" for water purification from oil products "according to ed. Certificate of the USSR N 1212957, MKI C 02 F 1/00, decl. 06.25.1984, publ. 02.23.1986.

 The known filter comprises a cylindrical body divided by a partition into chambers, a coalescing filter located in the lower chamber, a flotator installed in the middle chamber, and an upper chamber with a constant filtering layer of oil products. The filter also contains nozzles for the input of source water, the output of purified water, the discharge of oil products.

 The filter design provides for the consistent implementation of coalescence, flotation and filtration through a constant layer of oil, and the mass flow of the liquid is reliably separated. It would seem that everything is provided. However, water purification from oil using a filter is not efficient enough, since the filter has limited performance and requires stopping to recharge coalescing material. In addition, sophisticated filter manufacturing technology.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the "Oil-water separator" by ed. testimonial. USSR N 1480845, MKI B 01 D 17/022, decl. 09/23/1987, publ. 05/23/1989

 The known separator comprises a housing in which there is a chamber — an oil collector and a chamber with purified water, coalescing filters and locking devices. Coalescing filters are equipped with shells and placed outside around the chamber with purified water, with each filter communicating with the chamber - the oil collector and its upper part - with the chamber with purified water. The latter is made in the form of a cylinder with a cap in the form of a truncated cone, which is equipped with a guide ring blade.

 The negative aspects of this design include the lack of cleaning efficiency due to incomplete separation of the streams of contaminated and purified water, as well as structural and technological complexity, the lack of the possibility of autonomous use of the separator.

The main tasks set by the author of the invention are:
- improving the efficiency of purification of oily water due to the absolute separation of the streams of contaminated and purified water;
- simplifying the design and improving ease of use by ensuring the availability of filter elements;
- providing the possibility of autonomous use of the separator;
- use for the manufacture of the filter housing any serially inlet separators.

 The objectives are achieved due to the fact that in the oil separator containing the housing, the oil collector, coalescing filters and shut-off devices, the oil collector is moved outside the housing and is equipped with a flotator located in its lower part and a device for controlling the process of oil evacuation from the reservoir.

 Moreover, the housing with filters is installed horizontally, in the upper part it is made tapering and is equipped with a cover in the form of an inclined pipe for evacuating oil. Moreover, the device for regulating the process of evacuation of oil from the reservoir is made in the form of a float valve, which is located at the junction of the oil reservoir with the tapering part of the body.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows the inventive separator, front view; FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. 1.

 The separator comprises a housing 1 with inclined 2 and vertical 3 walls, tapering in the upper part and forming a narrowness 4 with a connecting pipe 5 and a cover 6, which is made in the form of an inclined pipe and serves to evacuate oil from the oil reservoir 7. The latter is removed from the housing 1, and oil is evacuated through openings 8 and 9.

 The oil sump 7 is equipped with a device 10 for controlling the evacuation process, which is made in the form of a float valve located at the junction of the oil sump 7 with the tapering part of the housing 1, opening and closing holes 8 and 11.

 A package of coalescing filters 12 with openings 13, coalescing material 14 and locking devices 15 located outside the housing 1 is placed inside the housing 1, which is located horizontally.

 The oil sump 7 is also equipped with a flotator 16 located in its lower part.

 The separator has nozzles for entering and exiting water with shut-off devices 17 and 18.

 The float valve 10 is made heavier than oil and lighter than water, which allows you to evacuate oil from the reservoir 7 when it reaches a certain level. This solution to the problem of evacuating oil from the separator makes it autonomous, independent of energy sources, if the supply of HCB to the separator is carried out by gravity, for example, from an HCB storage tank.

 Transferring the coalescing filter housings 12 to a horizontal position allows more complete use of the corresponding properties of the coalescing materials 14 placed in them, and the main housing 1 makes it possible to use standard, commercially available horizontal tanks for its manufacture.

 The removal of the oil collector 7 outside the main body 1 of the separator provides absolute isolation from each other of the mass flows of purified and dirty water, allows you to organize additional water purification by flotation and filtration through an oil layer and more simply solve the problem of its evacuation.

 The use as a cover of narrowness 4 of the inclined pipe 6 allows it to be used for evacuation and temporary storage of oil, which is important in the manufacture of mobile separators.

 The proposed separator operates as follows.

 Oil-containing (dirty) water is pumped or gravity-fed through pipe 17 and distributed through shut-off devices 15 to filter housings 12, where as a result of passage through coalescing material 14, oil droplets coarsen and through holes 13 together with the bulk of the water enter narrow 4 and through the pipe 5 - into the collector 7, in which they float, dissolve in the previously formed oil layer, and the water separated from the oil moves through the hole 11 to the pipe 18 for withdrawal from the separator.

 In this case, the water is exposed to the oncoming air stream from the device 16, as a result of which the smallest oil particles entrained by air bubbles (i.e., as a result of flotation) also appear in the reservoir 7. Upon reaching a certain layer of oil in the reservoir 7, the float valve 10 drowns in it, closing the flow of water into the hole 11 and opening the flow of oil through the opening of the hole 8, as a result of which, under the influence of the continuing pressure, it is evacuated from the collection through the hole 9 and the pipe 6. With a decrease in the oil layer in the reservoir 7, the float valve 10 pops up, allowing water to exit the separator until the next float submersion as a result of accumulation of sufficient oil for this layer.

 The optimal hydrodynamic conditions for the flow of purified water in the separator and, as a result, the cleaning performance are ensured, ceteris paribus, by adjusting the flow area of the outlet shut-off device 18.

 If it is necessary to repair, flush or replace the coalescing material, the filter housings 12 are isolated by overlapping the corresponding locking devices 15, which ensures that these operations are carried out without stopping the separator as a whole. Additionally, monitoring devices can be installed in them, for example, in the form of pressure gauges for the current assessment of their condition.

Claims (2)

 1. An oil-water separator comprising a housing, an oil collector, coalescing filters and shut-off devices, characterized in that the oil collector is moved outside the housing, is equipped with a flotator located in its lower part, and a device for controlling the process of oil evacuation from the reservoir, and a housing with filters is installed horizontally, in the upper part it is made tapering and is provided with a cover in the form of an inclined pipe for evacuating oil.  2. The oil-water separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for regulating the process of evacuating oil from the reservoir is made in the form of a float valve located at the junction of the oil reservoir with a tapering part of the body.

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