RU2131168C1 - Device for ship loudspeaker communication and relaying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, in particular, ship telephone networks, data transmission networks. SUBSTANCE: goal of invention is achieved by introduced commutation centers which are connected by means of fiber-optical networks and serves as hubs for commutators, boards, assemblies of cabin and compartment loudspeakers, relaying units and user line units for telephone sets. Commutation center has N receiving-transmitting and user units, which are connected to main and redundant control buses, information and control buses. Commutators and boards have microcontroller which is connected to commutation unit, receiving-transmitting unit, indicator and control circuit, which is connected to keyboard and voltage converter, which is connected to microphone and final amplifier, which output is connected to loudspeaker and microphone. Output of commutator is connected to different commutation centers. Receiving-transmitting unit is connected to B2 bus. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities, decreased range of devices, decreased length of cable network lines. 3 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of electronics, and in particular to the technique of transmitting analog and discrete information, and can be used to organize shipboard speakerphone and telephone communications, as well as for data transmission.

 It is known "Device for loud-speaking duplex communication" (AS USSR N 1125768, class H 04 M 9/08). The device contains switches, a microphone, a loudspeaker, an amplifier, and other elements and has a number of modifications in terms of capacity and application conditions (waterproof and splash-proof switches).

 It is also known, “The device of loud-speaking two-wire duplex communication” (AS USSR N 568210, class H 04 M 9/08). The device contains an electronic switch, a microphone, a loudspeaker, a transmission and reception amplifier, a control pulse shaper, a low-pass filter, a modulator, a demodulator, and other elements that form the receiving and transmitting paths. The disadvantages of analogues are the low noise immunity of the switches, the dependence of the quality of information transfer on the length of the subscriber line, a large hardware and cable redundancy.

 Closest to the claimed system on the technical essence of solving the problem is "Unified marine equipment for loud-speaking communication and broadcasting" Rowan. "ID1.203.028 TO, 1971. The equipment is designed to provide loud-speaking communications and broadcast command and broadcast transmissions on ships of sea, river and fishing fleets and ships with hydrofoils. The devices of the Ryabina apparatus allow you to create various communication schemes, for example, a duplex loud-speaking communication (GGS) scheme between switches 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 n directions, simplex GGS circuit and circular communication circuit, etc. The duplex communication circuit includes switches with a capacity of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 subscribers, interconnected in any combination without quantity limitation. Communication is carried out using a noise-resistant microphone and a built-in or remote loudspeaker. The subscriber is called by a light signal and voice. Three types of switches are made: mounted, for installation in interior rooms; waterproof, for installation on the upper deck, control rooms, for integration into the ship’s control panel. The switches are powered by separate rectifiers from an alternating current mains with a voltage of 127/220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz. The switches are interconnected by a cable of the KMPVE type and are equipped with cases and panels on which controls, commutations and indications are installed, as well as connectors to which electro-acoustic transducers, cables of external mounting and a secondary power source are connected.

 This hardware complex, which is a prototype, is designed for use in communication systems having an arbitrary configuration. Each of the communication switches of this complex has the same interfaces, which allows you to design the connection of the switches without restrictions, regardless of their location when belonging to a specific communication scheme.

 However, it has a significant drawback - each communication direction corresponds to a communication line, which in most projects leads to a significant need for linear cables, and in addition this complex has significant hardware redundancy and a large range of devices (i.e. switches).

 Currently, the cost of the line cable and its laying is estimated at more than $ 40 per 1 foot. For example, on ships of the class DS 963 laid about 800 thousand feet of cable (i.e. 240 km). Therefore, the ship becomes more vulnerable due to the high probability of the destruction of these cable lines. In addition, a ship with such cable wiring does not have the ability to quickly adapt if necessary technological changes in the subsystems.

 The aim of the invention is to expand the functionality, reducing the range of devices while reducing the linear cable network.

 This goal is achieved by introducing into the well-known system of switching centers and connecting them together in series with fiber-optic communication lines, to which switches and remotes are connected, a block of cabin and shut-off speakers, a broadcast unit and a subscriber line of telephone sets, while the switching centers contain N transceiver and subscriber modules connected to the backup and main control bus, bus "B1", "B2", "E", and the bus of the backup and main control device is connected to a system for documenting information, random access memory (RAM) of channel "E", with a sync generator, RAM of channel "D" and a line extender, which in turn is connected to the control bus, to the addressing bus and data transfer bus, which are connected as backup, as well as the main central processors and the reserve cell, while the switches and remotes contain a microcontroller that is connected to a switch, a transceiver, an indicator and a control circuit that is connected to a keyboard and a voltage converter eniya connected to the microphone and a power amplifier, and the amplifier is connected to the output of a speaker and a microphone, wherein the switch output is connected to different switching centers, and a transceiver with the "B2" bus.

 The block diagram of the shipboard GHS and broadcast system is shown in FIG. 1. It contains: switching centers 1 (CC), interconnected by fiber-optic communication lines 2. To each CC 1 are connected switches 3, as well as cabin and cut-off speaker units, broadcast units and telephone line subscriber units (in FIG. not shown). To the switches 3 are connected electro-acoustic transducers 4 (Mkf. And Gr. And others).

 The structural diagram of KC 1 is shown in figure 2. It contains: a control device 5 (i.e., a central processor) and a backup control device 6, a clock 7, RAM channel "D" 8, RAM channel "E" 9, a line extender 10, a junction cell with a magnetic recording device 11, four subscriber modules 12 to 32 subscribers each, trunk transmitting 13 and receiving 14 modules for 16 communication directions, a control and backup cell 15, a backup bus 16 and a main bus 17 of the control device, a control bus 18, an address bus 19 and a data bus 20. A also the bus "B1", "B2" and "D". The composition of each primary 5 and backup 6 CPU includes: RAM, ROM, and EEPROM. The subscriber module 12 includes: a switch for 32 subscribers, an adder, a group converter and subscriber kits. The composition of the main receiving module 14 includes: a line extender, a reception manager, and fiber optic receivers. And the composition of the main transmission module 15 includes: a line extender, a transmission manager and FOCL transmitters.

 In case of failure or failure of the main computer by the control and backup unit 15, the control functions of KC 1 are transferred to the backup computer and the emergency operation mode is indicated. The main clock signals that determine the operation of KC 1 as a whole are generated by the synchronization cell 7.

 The main system is 125 μs - switching frame (corresponding to a sampling frequency of 8 kHz), synchronous for the entire network.

 To ensure frame synchronization, one of the CC 1 of the communication network is programmatically called "leading" and is the frame master under which the remaining CC 1s are adjusted. In the absence of direct connection of any CC 1 with the "leader", a two-stage synchronization method is possible when for this CC 1 the secondary "leading" KC 1 is selected, which has direct connections with the main one. In case of a failure of the “leading” KC 1, a new frame master is assigned by the program method and the network is automatically resynchronized, while information about all subscriber connections is saved.

 As the data transmission medium between the CC 1, FOCL 2 is used with a physical speed in the line of 8192 kBit / s.

 For data exchange between the processors of adjacent CC 1, the signaling channel "E" is allocated with an end-to-end speed of 64 kBit / s, and for the transmission of information between subscribers of the system 120 channels "B" are allocated with the same speed, and the general structure of the main exchange is 120V + E. The link between the control unit KC 1 and the channel-forming equipment during the organization of channel "E" is the RAM of channel "E" 9, which allows you to temporarily store received data from incoming lines until it is read by the central processor KC 1, as well as buffer information provided by the processor.

 The cell of the transmission manager serves to form the flow of channels “B” of the main exchange in accordance with the required connections of subscribers of different CC 1. The reception manager solves the inverse problem of extracting the required channels “B” from the general data stream from all communication directions. The work of both dispatchers occurs under the control of the written CPU 5 in their internal RAM information about the required connections. This principle of constructing the receiving and transmitting modules can allow you to vary the number of trunk lines from 2 to 16, changing the number of cells of the fiber optic receiver, fiber optic transmitter and transmission manager. A two-wire communication line with a physical speed in the line of 512 kBit / s serves as a data transmission medium between KTs 1 and switches 3.

 For data exchange between CPU 5 of KTs 1 and the processor of switch 3, a signaling channel “D” with a through speed of 64 kBit / s is allocated, for voice samples - channel “B1”, for data transmission equipment - channel “B2” at the same speed, and the general structure of information exchange can be represented in the form 2B + D. The connecting link of the control unit 5 KC 1 and the transceivers of the subscriber set when organizing channel "D" is the RAM of channel "D" 8, which performs the same functions as the RAM of channel "E" 9 .

 To make the required connections on the B1 channel (speech), the adder cells were introduced into the subscriber module, since the main types of communication are such as conference and command circulars, and for each subscriber it must be possible to obtain the sum of voice samples from the necessary number of respondents. To make the required subscriber connections on channel "B2", a switch cell is used (which is part of the subscriber module 4).

 Information about the established links is written by CPU 5 to the internal RAM of both cells. The data prepared for sending to subscriber units is collected in a group converter cell and sequentially output to a subscriber set cell. The principle of building the subscriber module 12 allows you to vary the number of switches 3 connected to the CC 1, changing the number of modules from 1 to 4, as well as changing the composition of the module (the number of cells of the subscriber set, group converter and adder).

 The junction cell with the documenting system 11 allows for 4 program-selected subscribers to carry out the selection of voice samples "B1" from the bus of voice samples and the conversion to the analog form of the signals of all respondents of the subscriber, including himself.

In FIG. 3 shows the structural diagram of the switch 3, it includes:
20 - switching device;
21 - transceiver;
22 - microcontroller switch;
23 - voltage Converter;
24 - controls (keyboard with a control circuit);
25 - amplifier (microphone and terminal);
26 - indicator.

 The switching device 20 performs automatic (in the event of a loss of communication) or manual (from the keypad) switching from the main to the backup communication line, as well as the transition to the autonomous control mode of the switch 3. Management carries out the switch controller through transistor keys. The functions of the transceiver 21 include coordination with the transformer of the galvanic isolation of the channel, moreover, serial information in the Manchester-11 code, processing of incoming information and its separation through the channels B1, B2, D, synchronization pulses generation, digital information conversion to speech and back. The task of the switch controller is to control the keyboard, indicating devices and sound alarms, process and generate the channel “D” indication, control the information line, control the transition from the main to the backup communication line, and control the switch’s autonomous control modes.

 The voltage Converter 23 generates the voltage necessary for the operation of the switch 3 (+ 5V; + 12V; 25V; -12V). The keyboard control circuit 24 receives messages about pressing a key, buffering the code of the pressed button and issuing the button code to the controller. The amplifier 25 serves to amplify the signals, both microphone and terminal. The indicator 26 provides an indication of the numbers of the called (outgoing call) and the calling (incoming call) subscriber, an indication of the results of the control with additional information caused by the program.

 The system is as follows.

где Д₀ - Д₃ количество байт значащей информации в посылке. Сообщения, принимаемые по каналу "Д", могут быть как однобайтовые, так и многобайтовые. Каждое сообщение заканчивается байтом подтверждения, отсутствие которого свидетельствует о незавершенности приема. В однобайтовых командах биты Д₅ - Д₇ ≠ 0 определяют вид принятой информации, биты Д₀ - Д₄ номер нажатой кнопки на коммутаторе 3. Всего семь видов однобайтовых команд, определяемых состоянием разрядов Д₇ - Д₅; 001 - отмена вызова; 010 - согласие на вызов; 011 - занято; 100 - вызов, обычный по инициативе абонента; 101 - вызов, обычный по инициативе КЦ 1; 110 - вызов экстренный по инициативе абонента; 111 - вызов экстренный по инициативе КЦ 1. Абсолютный номер абонента определяется местом подключения его линии связи к КЦ 1. Поэтому коммутаторы 3, подключенные к двум КЦ 1, могут работать по одному из номеров, основному или резервному.The program is built on the principle of polling all subscribers, starting from zero, on channel "D". Then, a sequential poll of channel "E" is made to all CC 1. The poll of each RAM is carried out until a "blank" message is received. A confirmation byte is sent to any signal received on channel "D" at the address of the interrogated subscriber, having the form:

where D ₀ - D _{3 the} number of bytes of meaningful information in the package. Messages received on the D channel can be either single-byte or multi-byte. Each message ends with a confirmation byte, the absence of which indicates incomplete reception. In single-byte commands, bits D ₅ - D ₇ ≠ 0 determine the type of information received, bits D ₀ - D _{4 the} number of the pressed button on the switch 3. There are seven types of single-byte commands determined by the state of the bits D ₇ - D ₅ ; 001 - call cancellation; 010 - consent to the call; 011 - busy; 100 - a call, usual at the initiative of the subscriber; 101 - a call, usual at the initiative of KC 1; 110 - emergency call at the initiative of the subscriber; 111 - an emergency call at the initiative of CC 1. The absolute number of the subscriber is determined by the place of connection of his communication line to CC 1. Therefore, switches 3 connected to two CC 1 can work according to one of the numbers, primary or backup.

 When organizing communications, exchanges over service information channels are carried out with the primary number of the subscriber. The current number is used when determining the direction of broadcasting call signals and when recording in conference RAM.

 When a subscriber switches from one line to another, all established connections should be redirected to his new number. Switching initiator is switch 3. It forms a special team informing CC 1 about the start of work through it, and then transmits information about all established connections and sent call signals. Upon receipt of a special command, KC 1 cleans the RAM of the subscriber's conference (corresponding to the current number) and processes the signals for establishing connections using the usual algorithm. In addition, messages are sent to all CC 1 that the subscriber has changed his current number, upon receipt of which a correction is made in the central libraries of CC 1.

 In the switch, 3 buttons are arranged in a matrix. In the initial state, the entire matrix is zero, when the button is pressed, the corresponding matrix element goes into the "Log 1" state. In each cycle, the entire matrix is read. The status of the subscriber is indicated by various modes of the LED of the button. Each button corresponds to a RAM cell in which the status of the subscriber is recorded in the format. Information from the cells of the highlight mode is extracted in each program cycle and based on it, as well as bytes based on the status of the time stamp counter, they are compiled for sending to the ports that control the LEDs on.

 The transceiver of the switch 3 when working with KTs 1 is in slave mode. The first half of 125 μs of the messaging cycle is reserved for receiving information from CC 1, the second half - for transmission to CC 1. The exchange is continuous, in the absence of meaningful information empty (zero) messages are sent. This constantly supports the synchronization mode of KTs 1 and switch 3.

Using the inventive system allows you to: - expand the functionality of the equipment and increase the efficiency of the use of the intra-ship communication network by combining several types of services (transmission of GHS communications and broadcasts, transmission of control signals, etc.), as well as the organization of telephone communications in a single switch;
- reduce the number and weight of linear cables by 4 times;
- reduce the number of terminal devices at the facility;
- increase the reliability and survivability of the system due to the availability of the shortest ways of information delivery, ease of synchronization, etc.

The technical and economic efficiency of the system gives the following values of indicators - V ₁ = 0.46 of the prototype and V ₂ = 0.79 of the claimed system, by reducing the length and weight of linear cables by 4 times, increasing the degree of unification, automation and throughput, allowing to entrust the claimed system of intra-ship communication with an additional task - to ensure automatic telephone communications and data transfer.

Claims (1)

 The system of intra-ship loud-speaking communication and broadcasting, comprising switches and panels located in different rooms and equipped with cases and panels on which controls and indicators are installed, subscriber switches and a subscriber kit circuit, as well as N connectors to which electroacoustic transducers are connected , cables for external installation and a secondary power source, characterized in that the switching centers (CC) are additionally introduced into the system, connected in series between fiber optic communication lines, to which the switches and remotes are connected, the broadcast unit and the subscriber line unit of telephone sets, while the CCs contain N subscriber modules connected to the main and backup control bus, channels "B1", "B2" and "E ", and the bus of the backup and main control device is connected to the information documentation system, random access memory (RAM) of channel" E ", with a sync generator, RAM of channel" D "and a line extender, which, in turn, is connected to the control bus, with w addressing and data transfer bus, which are connected to both the backup and the main central processors and the reserve cell, while the switches and consoles contain a microcontroller, a switching device, a transceiver, an amplifier, a converter, a keyboard control circuit and an indicator, and the switch is connected to the first output with the CC and the backup CC, the second output is connected to the transceiver, and the transceiver is connected to the amplifier by the first input, to which the loudspeaker and microphone are connected, the second input - with channel "B2", the third input - with the microcontroller, the first output of which is connected to the switch, and the second - with the indicator, and the third output - with the keyboard control circuit to which the keyboard is connected, while the voltage converter with the first output is connected to the transceiver, the second output is with a microcontroller, the third output is with an amplifier, the fourth output is with a switch, and the fifth output is with a keyboard control circuit.

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