RU2126294C1 - Sorption-filtration material, method of its manufacture, and method for treatment of liquid media - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment. SUBSTANCE: invention basically relates to treatment of drinking water or waste water on charging filters with grainy charge of sorption-filtration material based on haelleflinta-type sand. In order to provide quality water and increase filtration cycle and lifetime of sorption- filtration material with lower filtration resistance and increased purification capacity of charge, sand material contains haelleflinta in Na form and sodium modulus 1.15-1.10, which is composed of, wt %: SiO₂ 62.00-75.00, Al₂O₃ 11.50-22.50, Fe₂O₃ 1.40-2.00, Na₂O 3.00-8.80, K₂O 0.30-2.60, CaO 1.89-3.90, MgO 0.52-0.92, MnO 0.01-0.09, TiO₂ 0.06-0.14, P₂O₅ 0.01-0.07. Calcination loss is 0.15-1.10%. Original sand is preliminarily crushed. EFFECT: improved working characteristics. 19 cl, 2 dwg, 7 tbl, 9 ex

Description

 The group of inventions relates to the purification of liquids, mainly drinking water or wastewater, and more particularly, to methods for treating water on charge filters with a granular charge from sorption-filtering material based on sand from the mineral helleflint, which has a reduced filtration resistance to flow, improved sorption- filtration properties, improved quality of purified water.

 The invention can be used for the purification of drinking water, wastewater and other liquids for domestic and industrial consumption, in the agricultural, meat processing, shipbuilding and other industries.

 The relevance of water treatment (in particular, in the final water treatment systems) is constantly increasing due to increasing emissions of domestic and industrial pollution, population growth around the world and the increasing pressure on water resources. With the increasing amount of medical and environmental information that water pollution causes disease and negatively affects the environment, the need for industrial treatment of drinking water and wastewater becomes apparent.

 A typical final industrial water treatment system is a sand filter with a granular charge of sand, used to remove suspended solids and other contaminants. In industrial filters, silica sand is used as the filter material in most cases. The advantage of using sandy granular loads is that they have a relatively low filtration resistance, have a large specific surface area and are relatively inexpensive in industrial production and use.

 The disadvantage of using a sand load based on quartz sand is the relatively low sorption ability of quartz grains and relatively low dirt capacity, which results in additional production costs for frequent washing of the load, an increase in the time for cleaning liquids, and insufficient purification of water containing dissolved impurities. To eliminate these technical disadvantages, new filter materials, methods for their preparation and methods of filtration treatment are being developed.

 Thus, there is an inventive problem (technical contradiction) that has not been fully resolved to date, namely, that sorption-filtering materials known separately have a certain combination of individual advantages and disadvantages, but at the same time they are not effective enough and are difficult to production, do not find wide industrial application in use and do not allow for effective filtration treatment of drinking water, industrial effluents, agricultural drains, emnyh waters.

 Known sorbent-filtering material containing a layer of activated carbon and a layer of clinoptilolite in a Na-form fraction of 1-2 mm (RF patent 2032449) [1].

 Known filter material containing, wt.%: Volcanic slag 5,4-9, a mixture of volcanic slag and calcined tuffite 4,5 - 7,2 and calcined tuffite - the rest (ed. St. USSR 822847) [2].

 A known filter material and a method for its preparation from porous particles of apatite, water-soluble gluconate and sheet material, in which apatite particles are embedded using glucanate, which plays the role of a binder (Application EPO 0497594) [3].

 Known porous material based on artificial stone and methods for its preparation by roasting Portland cement, dried clay, zeolin and water, including,%: silica 7 - 21, alumina 2 - 5, iron trioxide 1 - 3, calcium oxide 50 - 27, magnesium oxide 0.5-3, potassium oxide 0.5-3, sodium oxide 0-2 and titanium dioxide 0-2 (US patent 5006498) [4].

 It is known the use of granular alumina as a filter material for deep filters the rest (auth. St. USSR 439957) [5], the use of electrocorundum as a filter material (aut. St. USSR 589007) [6], the use of crushed calcium silicate brick in as an inorganic sorbent for wastewater treatment, the rest (ed. St. USSR 925378) [7], the use of crushed expanded clay as a filter material in water treatment filters (ed. St. USSR 267581) [8].

 A known filter for producing drinking water from groundwater, containing silica sand with a dust component, hardened with a polyurethane binder with a catalyst in the form of an organotin compound with a molecular weight of more than 600 o e. as well as with a modifier from a mixture of finely divided silicic acid and / or bentonite with an appropriate concentration of aluminosilicates (German Application 4310725) [9].

 Known is a combined method of filtering and fixing heavy metals with filtering material containing a mixture of silica particles with ions of at least one polyvalent metal. These particles form a soluble silicate with the wastewater, which, together with ions, binds the precipitate with the resulting siliceous cement (US Patent 5207910) [10].

Known agent for the treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater to remove phosphorus-containing components, containing non-crystalline hydrate of calcium silicate obtained by heating to 50 - 700 ^o With a mixture of raw materials based on CaO / SiO ₂ = 1,5 - 5, sintering the mixture at a temperature of 1300 - 1600 ^o With and mixing the product with water (Japanese Application 4-27898) [11].

 Known methods of water purification on filters with granular loading, according to which to intensify the process and expand the range of loading material, termite (slag pumice) is used as loading (ed. St. USSR 324222) [12], waste from the production of refractories by stamping (drop fight) (ed. St. USSR 799780) [13], crushed slag of carbon manganese (ed. St. USSR 1178478) [14].

It is known to use burnt rocks as a filter material for water treatment filters (ed. St. USSR 639576) [15]. Burned rocks are completely burnt mine rocks containing less than 5% carbonaceous impurities and a mineral, usually clay, part. In mineralogical terms, burned rocks are characterized by sandstone and siltstone varieties or dense shales of mudstone type. The mineralogical component of burned rocks is subdivided into clastogenic minerals (quartz, feldspar) and pilitic products of clay metamorphization changed during self-firing, as a result of which quartz grains partially transform into tridimide and cristollobalite, its activation is observed due to surface disturbance, mineral dehydration and silicate formation. Burned rocks have a chemical composition, wt.%: SiO ₂ 68, Fe ₂ O ₃ 6, CaO 12, MgO 1.8, Ai ₂ O ₃ 22, loss on ignition 1. Specific gravity 2.5 - 2.7 g / cm ³ , bulk density 1500 - 1800 kg / m ³ , compressive strength 700 - 1400 kg / cm ² , fractional compressive strength 35 - 45 kg / cm ² .

 The closest in technical essence and achieved when using the result (prototype) is a method of water purification by using crushed amphibole-feldspar rocks as filter material, which are amphibole-feldspar igneous rocks including gabbro, banatite, tonolite, diorite, etc. ., which are based on amphiboles 11–22% and feldspars 62–76% (ed. St. USSR 1157024) [16].

 The main technical problem (the inventive task, which has not been resolved to date, containing technical contradictions) that hinders the expansion of industrial cleaning of liquid media is that the need for better cleaning of liquids requires the use of more efficient materials and more complex cleaning technologies, but the creation and use of new artificial filtering materials leads either to complication (appreciation) and limitation of the scope of cleaning, or to additional production the cost.

 The general objectives of the group of inventions (the required technical result achieved by using the inventions) is to provide the possibility of better purification of liquids (drinking water, industrial and agricultural effluents) through the use of new material, its preparation method and a new method of filtering water purification on filters with granular loading predetermined particle size distribution and improved sorption-filtration characteristics.

 Additional objectives of the group of inventions are to increase the filtration cycle (time of effective operation of the filter until it stops for washing) while increasing the service life of the filter material, decreasing the filtration resistance and increasing the cleaning ability of the granular load in comparison with the known filter materials and filtration cleaning methods available for industrial use liquids in industrial volumes.

The goal and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the sorption-filtering material based on rock according to the invention, the material contains rock helleflint mineral composition specified in the table. 1 and elemental composition, wt.%: SiO ₂ 62 - 75; Al ₂ O ₃ 11.5-22.5; Fe ₂ O ₃ 1.4 - 2; Na ₂ O 3 - 8.8; K ₂ O 0.3 - 2.6; CaO 1.8-3.9; MgO 0.52-0.92; MnO 0.01-0.09; TiO ₂ 0.06 - 0.14; P ₂ O ₅ 0.01 - 0.07; loss on ignition 0.15 - 1.10.

At the same time, the material contains helleflint in the Na form with a predominance of the weight content of sodium dioxide relative to the weight content of potassium dioxide, with a sodium module (weight ratio of the content of Na ₂ O: K ₂ O) from 1.15 to 10, in the form of sand of a given fractional composition obtained by crushing helleflint by selective disintegration of the rock along the cleavage planes of the minerals making up the rock.

Moreover, to increase the efficiency of filtration cleaning, the material additionally contains magnetite mineral (a natural mineral of the composition Fe ₃ O ₄ in the form of magnetite quartzites) and / or peat included directly in the composition with helleflint grains or in the form of alternating layers of sand, helleflint, magnetite and / or peat .

 According to the method for producing sorption-filtering material by crushing the rock according to the invention, the gelleflint rock is used as the rock, and the helleflint is crushed by selective disintegration of the rock along the soldered planes of the minerals, mainly under the influence of the deadweight pieces of the gelleflint rock without using additional solid shock bodies, to obtain sand of a given fractional composition, which after crushing is classified by dry or wet method according to grain size.

 At the same time, the gelleflint grains of irregular (angular) shape are obtained, which ensures a decrease in the filtration resistance of the load, an increase in the specific surface area and an improvement in the sorption-filtration properties of the gelleflint sand in filling filters.

 A new method of filtration treatment of liquid media, mainly drinking water or wastewater, on a filter with a granular charge is used, according to which sand from helleflint with the above chemical composition and a method for preparing sand of helleflint from pieces of rock of the mineral helleflint are used as a granular charge.

 At the same time, to increase the efficiency of sorption-filtration purification, gelloflints additionally add magnetite and / or peat to the sand by directly introducing the loading composition into the composition or by creating alternating layers of gelleflint, magnetite and / or peat in the filter load.

 In accordance with the terminology accepted in the literature (“Overburden rocks of the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit and ways of their use in the national economy” [17]), “helleflints” are called extremely dense acidic volcanogenic rocks, consisting of fused silica and albite grains that are difficult to recognize under a microscope. an insignificant admixture of sericite, muscovite, biotite, ore minerals (magnetite, hematite, pyrite), as well as hornblende, chlorite, epidon, carbonate, accessory (tourmaline, apatite, zircon). From similar leptides in composition, they differ in a horny appearance, a conchoid fracture, and falsitized microstructure. By genesis, these are subvolcanic and, in part, hypabyssal rocks.

 In the central section of the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit, helleflints are predominantly light gray, pinkish-gray massive or slightly fissured rocks with a conchoid fracture. Small veins of complex morphology and nests of light pink rocks are observed in them, in which isolations of quartz, microclinperrite, rosette of finely lamellar greenish or silver muscovite, and scales of chlorinated biotite are visually fixed. The content of rock-forming minerals varies in a relatively narrow range. In the bulk, 55 - 65% of plagioclase and 20 - 40% of quartz are established. The content of mica in massive varieties is usually 5-10% and rarely exceeds 20%. In shale varieties, the content of sericite and muscovite rapidly increases to 30 - 35%, respectively, the content of feldspar is reduced.

 At the same time, sodium helleflints (with a predominance of the content of sodium dioxide relative to the content of potassium dioxide) are predominant among the overburden of this deposit. Sodium gelleflints are massive, afanitic, have falsitic, microlitic or relict microspherulitic structures with grains of 0.001-0.015 mm. Albite microlites of an elongated shape, often with polysynthetic twins, are usually subparallel oriented or are located radially, forming spherulitic aggregates. The main physicochemical and mineralogical parameters of helleflint are given in table. 1.

 Gelleflint is a material unique in its composition and properties (found only at the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit in Karelia). In particular, the radiation level of the rock is lower than the natural background radiation level, while the silica sand obtained from the destruction of some rocks of granite and some other minerals has a radiation level above the background.

 Qualitative indicators of the material helleflint fully comply with the requirements for materials used for the purification of drinking water.

 A characteristic unique feature of gelleflint sand is its high strength and chemical resistance, sorption activity, as well as irregular (angular) shape of grains, which helps to reduce filtration resistance, increase the specific surface area and increase the cleaning sorption ability of the filtration load from gelleflint grains.

According to the mineral composition, plagioclase predominates in the crystalline structure of helleflint, where crystallization is observed in the triclinic syngony, the angle between cleavage planes is less than 90 ^o , therefore, rock cleaving along cleavage planes occurs with the formation of angular, isometric grains with an increased specific surface area. To use this property according to the invention, a method for disintegration (crushing) of the original rock of helleflint by geometrically selective destruction of a heterogeneous multiphase system formed by intergrowth of individual minerals in the rock crystals along their cleavage planes is proposed. This leads to the preservation of the integrity of the crystalline structure of minerals in grains, which, in turn, preserves the strength characteristics and chemical resistance of individual sand grains from helleflint compared to the natural parameters of the rock.

 As follows from the above review of the prior art, the claimed sorption-filtering material, the method for its preparation, the use of helleflint as a sorption-filtering material and a method for cleaning liquid media are new, they are unknown from publicly available sources of information, they do not follow explicitly from the prior art , i.e. the proposed technical solutions of the inventive task are not obvious to the average specialist and meet the requirements of the criterion of "inventive step".

 Compared with the prototype of the invention, they contain a new, previously unknown set of essential features, therefore the inventions of the group meet the requirements of the criterion of "novelty", some of the individual essential features of the group of inventions are known, however, the combination of general and private distinctive essential features of the inventions among solutions known in science and technology, in the volume of our search was not found. In addition, the distinguishing features of the invention perform new previously unknown functions, that is, provide the opportunity to obtain a new technical result.

 The combination of general and private essential features of inventions provides the opportunity to solve the inventive task and achieve the goal of inventions (the required technical result).

 Indeed, as will be further shown below with examples of specific implementations of the inventions, the claimed inventions can significantly improve the quality of filtration treatment, reduce filtration resistance, reduce cleaning time and increase the cleaning ability of charge filters with granular loading based on helleflint and improve the quality of the purified liquid.

 To confirm the effectiveness of the inventions, the possibility of industrial implementation of the inventions and the practical achievement of the required technical result, a comparative comparison of material tests and comparative experiments of cleaning various liquids through similar filling filters was carried out. The conditions and results of experimental verification of the effectiveness of inventions, as well as experimental evidence of the possibility of achieving a new technical result are given in the description of the examples in the tables and figures of the graphic interpolation of the test results.

 Example 1. Conducted comparative tests of the mechanical strength of a traditional filter backfill material - quartz sand and sand from helleflint. The test results are given in table. 2.

 Thus, the total destruction (loss) of quartz sand grains is 2.47% per year, and gelleflint grains are 2.24% per year.

 Example 2. Conducted comparative tests of the chemical resistance of the filter load of helleflint in various environments. The test results are given in table. 3. At the bottom of the table are the minimum required values for the treatment of drinking water.

 Example 3. Comparative tests of the porosity of a traditional filter backfill material — silica sand and gelleflint sand — were carried out. The porosity of sand gelleflint is 15% higher than that of quartz sand. Moreover, the relatively higher density of the gelleflint material and the comparatively lower bulk density of the sand gelleflint are favorable for cleaning cascade clarifiers with an upward flow of water when washing filter units.

 An analysis of the parameters of the layer porosity, bulk density and density of the gelleflint sand material indicates that the gelleflint grains have a developed angular shape and a significant roughness of the grain surface, which in turn provides a large specific surface of the grains and the entire filter loading layer as a whole.

Determination of the specific surface area of the gelleflint grains of the 0.61-1.12 mm fraction by nitrogen adsorption showed a specific surface area of 4.1 m ² / g with a specific surface area of quartz sand of the same fraction of 2.7 m ² / g.

 Example 4. Conducted comparative tests of the filtration properties of the traditional filter backfill material - quartz sand and sand from helleflint during the purification of drinking water. The test results are given in table. 4. At the same time, air porosity was determined by x-ray diffraction at small angles, the terms “filter cycle” means the time the filter worked effectively until it stopped to rinse, “dirt holding capacity” means the amount of contaminants adsorbed by the backfill, and “laying water consumption” is the water consumption at preparing backfill for work after washing, “useful sand yield” is the amount of sand of a given grain composition remaining (not washed out) in the filter after several filter cycles, since the sand of fine fractions during operation and washing backfill is washed out.

Example 5. Comparative tests of the filtration properties of quartz sand d _eq. 0.70 mm, sand from gelleflint d _eq. 1.07 mm and granite crumbs d _eq. 0.79 mm when treating drinking water. At the same time, the amount of materials of the same weight was loaded into an industrial filter (contact clarifier), the height of the loading layer was 2–2.2 m, the color of the treated water was 94 degrees, the turbidity was 2.8 mg / dm ³ , the water temperature was + 2 ^o С, the dose Al ₂ O ₃ 7.7 mg / dm ³ , the dose of soda 12.8 mg / dm ³ . In this case, the water filtration rate in the filter with quartz sand was 3.90 m / h, in the filter with sand from helleflint 4.04 m / h, in the filter with granite crumb 4.04 m / h. Water purification was carried out until the required indicators of purified drinking water were achieved. The results are plotted in FIG. 1 and 2.

 An analysis of comparative tests shows that the filter with sand from gelleflint lasts longer, cleans water more efficiently and requires less amount of additional reagents for purification of drinking water.

 Example 6. We tested the bactericidal ability of sand from gelloflint during the cleaning of sewage drains (stocks of a meat factory). The test results are given in table. 5.

 Example 7. Conducted wastewater treatment of galvanic production at a shipyard on a filter loaded with helleflint. The test results are shown in table. 6.

 Example 8. Conducted cleaning canyon wastewater (wastewater of a meat factory) on a filter loaded with helleflint. The COD of purified water was 30 mg / L, and BOD 3 was 5 mg / L. The results are shown in table. 7.

 Example 9. Conducted wastewater from oil products (oil, fuel oil, gasoline, etc.) on a filter loaded with helleflint and peat. The initial content of petroleum products was 100 mg / l, the final - 0.15 mg / l.

 A characteristic feature of the treatment of wastewater from oil products on filters containing a load of gelleflint with peat is a significant increase in the calorific value of spent peat, which allows the burning of peat after cleaning, which in turn allows the creation and use of environmentally friendly filters from gelleflints and peat on ships long autonomous navigation, as well as at mobile water treatment plants (at gas stations, on airplanes, etc.).

 Additional advantages of using helleflint are the ability to saturate purified water with microelements and the organization of water purification technology similar to natural processes of water purification in the underground.

 To increase the cleaning ability of certain types of contaminants, the loading from helleflint may contain additives, for example, magnetite, or other known filtering and / or sorbing materials.

 The possibility of the effective use of helleflints when cleaning wastewater produced by synthetic detergents was also experimentally established.

 The specific composition of the filter load based on helleflint, as well as the specified grain size distribution of the grains can be selected depending on the required cleaning conditions and the type of contamination. Thus, the inventions make it possible to produce a sorption-filter material with a given particle size distribution in accordance with the parameters required for the treatment of specific effluents and taking into account the characteristics of the treatment devices, which makes it possible to organize an optimal hydrodynamic treatment regime and increase the cleaning efficiency.

 The above detailed descriptions of the new filtering material based on helleflint, the method of its industrial preparation and practical application in the filtration purification of various industrial liquids leave no doubt about their practical feasibility and industrial applicability of the claimed inventions.

 The natural mineral of helleflint is an overburden in the extraction of iron ore at the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit and is currently thrown in significant quantities into dumps, causing environmental damage. The industrial use of helleflint in the implementation of the group of inventions allows us to solve the problem of disposal of overburden of the above deposits.

 Separate technological methods and operations for the disintegration and fractionation of rock sand, helleflints, as well as elements of the technology of filtration treatment of drinking water and wastewater, are known to specialists and are well mastered by modern technology.

 The above examples of the practical implementation of the group of inventions in the treatment of industrial wastewater and industrial purification of drinking water prove the possibility of using the inventions to obtain a new technical result and confirm the possibility of industrial applicability of the inventions, as well as prove the effectiveness of the inventions in comparison with the known technical solutions and the possibility of practical solution of the tasks .

 In general, given the novelty and non-obviousness of inventions, the materiality of all general and particular features of inventions, as well as the feasibility of inventions and the achievement of the objectives set by the invention, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the eligibility requirements for inventions.

 Thus, there is every reason to assert that the inventions of the group meet the requirements of the eligibility criterion of "inventive step", and the analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the inventions are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of inventions, but also allow to realize the invention in an industrial way and solve the problems of the invention.

 In addition, the analysis of the set of essential features of the inventions of the group and the technical result achieved by using them shows the presence of a single inventive concept, the close and inextricable connection between the inventions of the group and the purpose of the sorption-filtering material, the method for its preparation and use directly for the implementation of the method of filtering cleaning liquid media, mainly drinking water or wastewater, which allows combining the invention in one application.

Sources of information
1. RF patent 2032449, publ. BI 10, 04/10/95, B 01 D 39/02.

 2. Auth. St. USSR 822847, publ. BI 15, 04.23.81, B 01 D 39/00.

 3. Application EPO 0497594, publ. 08/06/92, 32, B 01 J 20/04, B 01 D 39/00.

 4. US patent 5006498, publ. 04/09/91, t. 1125, 88, B 01 J 20/12.

 5. Auth. St. USSR 439957, BI 30, 08/15/74, B 01 D 39/02.

 6. Auth. St. USSR 589007, BI 3, 01.25.78, B 01 D 39/00.

 7. Auth. St. USSR 925378, BI 17, 05.05.82, B 01 J 20/10.

 8. Auth. St. USSR 267581, BI 13, 04/04/70, B 01 D 39/02.

 9. The application of Germany 4310725, publ. 10/06/94, B 01 D 39/14.

 10. US patent 5207910, publ. 05/04/93, t. 1150, 1, B 01 D 39/06.

 11. Application of Japan 4-27898, publ. 05/13/92, 2-698, B 01 J 20/10.

 12. Auto USSR 324222, publ. BI 2, 12.23.71, B 01 D 39/02.

 13. Auth. St. USSR 799780, publ. BI 4, 01.30.81, B 01 D 39/02.

 14. Auth. St. USSR 1178478, publ. BI 34, 09.15.85, B 01 J 39/02.

 15. Auth. St. USSR 639576, BI 48, 12.30.78, B 01 D 39/02.

 16. Autost. USSR 1157024, publ. BI 19, 05.23.85, B 01 J 20/10.

 17. "Overburden of the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit and ways of their use in the national economy." - Petrozavodsk, "Karelia", 1983

Claims (15)

1. Sorption-filtering material based on rock, characterized in that as the rock material contains helleflint, of the following mineral composition, wt.%:
Plagioclase - 54 - 74
Quartz - 40 - 22
Biotite - 2 - 4
Muscovite - 1 - 10
Impurity Minerals - Else
2. The material according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains a helleflint of the following elemental composition, wt.%:
SiO ₂ - 62.00 - 75.00
Al ₂ O ₃ - 11.50 - 22.50
Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.40 - 2.00
Na ₂ O - 3.00 - 8.80
K ₂ O - 0.30 - 2.60
CaO - 1.80 - 3.90
MgO - 0.52 - 0.92
MnO - 0.01 - 0.09
TiO ₂ - 0.06 - 0.14
P ₂ O ₅ - 0.01 - 0.07
Loss on ignition - 0.15 - 1.10
3. The material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it contains helleflint in the Na form with a predominance of the weight content of sodium dioxide relative to the weight content of potassium dioxide. 4. The material according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains a helleflint with a sodium module (weight ratio of Na ₂ O: K ₂ O) from 1.15 to 10.  5. The material according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains a helleflint in the form of sand of a given fractional composition.  6. The material according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains a helleflint in the form of sand obtained by crushing the heleflint under the influence of its own weight without the use of additional solid shock bodies.  7. The material according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises magnetite and / or peat.  8. The material according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains alternating layers of helleflint, magnetite and / or peat.  9. A method of producing a sorption-filtering material by crushing a rock, characterized in that a gelleflint is used as a rock, and the crushing of helleflint is carried out under the influence of the rock's own weight without the use of additional solid shock bodies.  10. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that the crushing of helleflints is carried out to obtain sand of a given fractional composition.  11. The method according to PP.9, 10, characterized in that after crushing the helleflints carry out dry or wet classification of the resulting sand by size. 12. The method of filtration treatment of liquid media, mainly drinking water and / or wastewater, on a filter with a granular charge, characterized in that as a granular charge use helleflint of the following mineral composition, wt.%:
Plagioclase - 54 - 74
Quartz - 40 - 22
Biotite - 2 - 4
Muscovite - 1 - 10
Impurity Minerals - Else
13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that they use the helleflint of the following elemental composition, wt.%:
SiO ₂ - 62.00 - 75.00
Al ₂ O ₃ - 11.50 - 22.50
Fe ₂ O ₃ - 1.40 - 2.00
Na ₂ O - 3.00 - 8.80
K ₂ O - 0.30 - 2.60
CaO - 1.80 - 3.90
MgO - 0.52 - 0.92
MnO - 0.01 - 0.09
TiO ₂ - 0.06 - 0.14
P ₂ O ₅ - 0.01 - 0.07
Loss on ignition - 0.15 - 1.10
14. The method according to PP.12, 13, characterized in that they use sodium helleflint with a predominance of the weight content of sodium dioxide relative to the weight content of potassium dioxide. 15. The method according to 14, characterized in that they use helleflint with a sodium module - a weight ratio of the content of Na ₂ O: K ₂ O from 1.15 to 10.  16. The method according to PP.12 to 15, characterized in that they use helleflint in the form of sand of a given fractional composition.  17. The method according to PP.12 - 16, characterized in that they use a helleflint in the form of sand obtained by crushing the helleflint by disintegration under the influence of its own weight of the rock without the use of additional solid shock bodies.  18. The method according to PP.12 to 17, characterized in that the download further comprises magnetite and / or peat.  19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that the download contains alternating layers of helleflint, magnetite and / or peat.

Images