RU2126178C1 - Bashkir dumbyra - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: musical instruments. SUBSTANCE: device has jacket, which is designed as three- dimensional polyhedron, which both decks are flat. Upper deck is equipped with complex-shape hole. Two faceted shells which are located between decks are in symmetry about longitudinal axis of musical instrument. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of plucked musical instruments such as domra.

 Known folk plucked tool tanbur, containing a pear-shaped hollow body with a convex rear side and a flat front side made of a thin wooden plate with very small resonant holes. The body and the neck are made of one piece of wood. The neck is long with tied frets, the strings are thin, steel [1]. During the game, the instrument is held in front of it with an inclination, lifting its neck up.

 Known folk plucked instrument Dutar, containing a large pear-shaped body glued from individual bent rivets. The upper deck is flat, thin, with small resonant holes. The neck is long, with tied frets [1]. The instrument is held by the performer during the game in front of him with an inclination with a raised neck.

 Famous musical instruments are distinguished by the peculiarity of the performance of melodies - the arrangement of the fingers of the performer on the strings of the neck, and the gaming technique of the right hand - rattling, fraction, pinching strings, alternating beats with rattling, etc. In this case, it is possible to alternate the performance of the melody with both fingers and a plectrum. The improvement of these musical instruments is based, as a rule, on changing the shape and size of the string stand, changing the material from which the strings are made, reconstructing the fret plates. In advanced designs, the fixed frets are replaced by plates glued to the bar.

 Known folk plucked instrument Bashkir Dumbra, containing an oval-shaped body with a long neck and a peg head mounted on a neck with a downward inclination. The lower deck of the instrument is glued from individual bent rivets, the upper deck is flat, equipped with a resonant crescent-shaped hole and a stand for strings. Frets are glued into the neck of the neck. The strings in the upper part are attached to the ring head, and in the lower - to the string holder (buttons) [2] - a prototype. During the game, the performer holds the instrument in front of him with an inclination, lifting the neck up. Sound extraction is made by rattling or pinching, stroke techniques.

 Improvement of the instrument, as a rule, is based on a change in the material of the strings, their tension and construction - vein, metal, twisted, etc., allowing you to play with your fingers or plectrum.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of a plucked musical instrument with advanced performing capabilities while maintaining the classic design of the dumbar and the originality of the game on it.

 The problem is solved as follows.

 In the musical instrument Bashkir Dumbra, which contains an oval body with a lower deck glued from separate bent staves, and a flat upper deck with a resonant hole and a stand for strings, a long neck with finger plates glued into the neck, a peg head attached to the neck with a downward inclination, and strings attached at the top to the ring head, and at the bottom to the string holder, the body is made in the form of a volumetric polyhedron, in which both decks are flat, the upper deck is equipped with a figured resonant hole, between faceted shells are installed that are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tool, the neck of the tool is shortened and provided with through side holes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and extending under the ladle plates, while the ladle plates are made of a single piece of flexible material that is sequentially passed through all through holes and enclosing the neck by nodular lacing, the head is made dome-shaped, turning into a spire and equipped with helical pegs located side and / or bottom.

The proposed design of the Bashkir Dumbra in comparison with the well-known plucked instruments has the following distinctive features and advantages:
- the implementation of the tool body in the form of a volumetric polyhedron with flat decks, made of a set of flat rivets, greatly simplifies the manufacturing technology of such musical instruments, as well as their repair, since it allows without any difficulties to make or replace any riveting as necessary. In addition, the flat lower deck makes the instrument more stable, does not slide off the performer’s knees during the game, which allows the performer to relax, not to waste the efforts of the left hand during the execution to also hold the sliding tool;
- performing a resonant hole with a figured one reduces extraneous noise (like a prototype) during playing simultaneously on all strings, enhances the acoustic timbre capabilities of the instrument;
- a shortened neck allows you to somewhat simplify the technique of playing the instrument, increase the virtuosity of the performer, in addition, a shortened neck increases the strength of the structure, reducing the bending force at the place of attachment of the neck to the upper part of the body;
- the supply of the neck with lateral through holes under the fret plates allows you to improve the design of the fret plates and at the same time bring it closer to the folk. In the well-known folk plucked instruments, frets are made obtrusive of individual segments or a single segment using the nodular lacing method. In this case, the nodules are on the back of the neck, interfering with the performer during the game. In this case, the fret plates are also made of a single piece of flexible material (vein, wire, fishing line, etc.), but passed sequentially through the through holes of the neck with the neck of the neck using the nodular lacing method. Nodules in this case are located on the side. This ensures the strength of the tool, since the lacing is not frayed, the neck remains smooth, does not damage (does not rub) the hands of the performer;
- the execution of the annular head of the dome, turning into a spire, expands the functionality of this part, since, in addition to tensioning the strings, together with the resonant hole of the top deck, it performs the function of a resonator, giving the instrument sound a kind of timbre color and melody;
- screw pegs provide a smooth tension of the strings, allow you to more accurately set the desired tone (semitone) and hold it for a long time until reconfiguration in a different way.

 Thus, the proposed design of the Bashkir Dumbra is simple and technologically advanced in technical execution, available for beginner musicians to learn how to play, and convenient for professionals when playing. From a medical point of view, this design has positive aspects, since it reduces the load on the muscles of the back and arms during prolonged use of the instrument, since the body does not slide off the knees, is more stable during the game.

 The applicant is not aware of such technical solutions used in the manufacture of plucked musical instruments, such as domra.

 The drawing shows a design option of the inventive musical instrument Bashkir Dumbra.

 The Bashkir Dumbra contains a body made in the form of a volumetric polyhedron from a set of flat rivets. The housing comprises a flat lower deck (not shown in the drawing), a flat upper deck 1 and faceted shells 2 symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the housing. A string stand 3 is installed on the upper deck 1 and a shaped resonant hole 4 is made. The upper deck on the inside is reinforced with a system of wooden planks (not shown in the drawing) that help deck 1 withstand the tension of the strings. In the upper part of the body there is a shortened neck 5 with a neck 6. Neck 5 is provided with lateral through holes 7 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Ladles 8 are located above the through holes 7 in the heading 6. Ladts 8 are made of a piece of flexible material (vein, fishing line or the like), sequentially passed through all through holes 7 and covering the neck 6 by the nodular lacing method. A neck head 9 is installed on the neck, made in the form of a dome turning into a spire. On the head are screw pegs 10 on the side and / or bottom. The instrument strings in the upper part are attached to the pegs 10, and in the lower part - to the string holder.

 The proposed design of the Bashkir Dumbry is simple in technical implementation. The original domed head 9 with a spire and a voluminous, slightly elongated body give the appearance of this musical instrument a stylized look of a flying bird. Through polishing and inlaying the musical instrument is given an original appearance that allows you to decorate the orchestra. The tool is made of coniferous (spruce, pine, fir) or hardwood (birch, maple) wood species.

 They use the Bashkir Dumbra as follows.

 The performer plays while sitting, while holding the instrument on his lap in front of him with an inclination, lifting his neck up, holding it slightly with his left hand and sorting out frets. With his free right hand, the artist plays the melody. The game’s methods are used - rattling, fraction, pinching the strings with your fingers, sliding strokes from top to bottom and bottom to top, alternating individual strokes with rattling, etc. Frets plates 8 give a chromatic scale. Making instrument strings and frets from the same material gives the game a soft, velvety sound. The string arrangement is quart, quint or, on the contrary, quint-quart. Sound can be extracted directly with your fingers or with a plectrum.

 The proposed Bashkir Dumbra can be used in the performance of song-dance and software-instrumental melodies in a solo or ensemble game.

 The simplicity of the design of the instrument, the manufacturability of its manufacture, the simplified technique of playing the instrument, and the ease of use make the proposed musical instrument available for teaching children, as well as for creating ensembles and for manufacturing in remote, inland areas of residence.

Sources of information
1. Atlas of musical instruments of the USSR, K. Vertkov and others. M .: State Musical Publishing House, 1963, p.120.119.

 2. Suleimanov R. Bashkir Dumbra. - Ufa, publishing house "Kitap", 1993 - a prototype. 3t

Claims (1)

 The Bashkir Dumbra, containing an oval body with a lower deck glued from individual bent staves, and a flat upper deck with a string stand and a crescent-shaped resonant hole, a long neck with lad plates glued into the neck, a peg head attached to the neck with a downward inclination, and strings attached to the pegs in the upper part and to the string holder in the lower part, characterized in that the body is made in the form of a volumetric polyhedron, in which both decks are flat, the upper deck is equipped with a figured hole, between the decks faceted shells are located that are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the instrument, and the neck is made shortened, while through the neck there are through lateral holes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and placed under frets, lad plates are made of a single piece of flexible material, sequentially passed through all through holes of the neck and covering neck by the method of nodular lacing, the head is made dome-shaped, turning into a spire, and is equipped with pegs located on the side and / or bottom.