RU2118080C1 - Sportive lawn heating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for heating sportive grounds, may be used in greenhouses. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has primary heat-exchanging system connected with central heating system and via heat-exchanger with secondary independent closed heat-carrier circulation system. Secondary heat-carrier circulation system has heating pipes arranged in parallel one with another in cultured layer of soil under plant cover. Drain pipes are positioned below heating pipes. Ends of heating pipes are connected in series alternation with branch pipes on distribution and assembling pipelines on one end of lawn and with branch pipes of distribution and assembling pipelines on other end of lawn. EFFECT: increased efficiency, wider operational capabilities and provision for conducting contests during the whole calendar year. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to sports facilities, in particular for heating sports lawns of football fields, asphalt and cinder tracks, cycle tracks, tennis courts, rugby playing fields, as well as in greenhouses and greenhouses.

Known electrically conductive composition, laid in airfield and road surfaces for heating, including a polyester resin, TG diisocyanate and graphite, in which, in order to reduce energy consumption when heating the coating, it additionally contains magnetite with a particle diameter of 50 - 500 microns, in the following ratio of components weight parts:
Polyester Resin - 80 - 120
Diisocyanate TG - 80 - 120
Graphite - 10 - 110
Magnetite - 10 - 110
(ed. St. USSR N 630334. class E 01 C 11/26, H 05 B 3/34. Baranov L.N. and Kuzmenko Yu.V. Electrically conductive composition. 1978.

Sports lawns, unlike decorative lawns and other types of lawns, have their own characteristics. The grass cover of the football field should be completely even, low, elastic, able to tolerate frequent haircuts, be resistant not only to adverse weather conditions (frost, drought, etc.), but also to trampling. According to the filming, 130 - 180 shock pulses fall on 1 m ^{2 of} the field surface in one football match, and loaded on 1 cm ^{2 of} the field surface reach 200 - 250 kgf.

 Grass cover, growing in earthen cover, forms a sod with its root system. The sod should be connected and dense with a root system so developed that after damage to the grass cover with legs and boots, the grass can grow.

 In order for the surface of the football field to meet all the necessary requirements, it is necessary, on the one hand, to select mainly soil with a favorable mechanical composition, and if there is no such soil in its natural form, create it artificially by structuring with various fractions and additives. On the other hand, herbs should be selected taking into account the soil and climatic conditions of the zone. The vegetation layer of the earth throughout the field should be uniform and of equal thickness. The soil should absorb water well and allow air to pass through, have some water-holding ability, necessary for supplying plant roots with moisture.

 Structural soils with water resistance do not swim during rains, artificial irrigation and do not form a crust when dried, while structureless soils when moistened turn into a continuous viscous mass. As a result of this, the filtering ability of the upper plant soil layer is sharply reduced. These soil properties are of paramount importance to sports lawns. The best mix of land for sports lawns is considered one in which the content of sand, dust and clay particles is in a certain ratio.

 The approximate granulometric composition of the soil of the football field is as follows,%: sandy and coarse dust particles of the soil (2 - 0.5 mm) 62 - 54; dusty particles (0.05 - 0.005 mm) 28 - 30; clay particles (0.005 - and less than 0.001 mm) 10 - 16.

 For the upper plant layer of the field’s land, it is not the quantity of organic substances that matters, but the main quality is active humus, fresh humus (decomposition products of organic substances with anaerobic bacteria that can bind individual soil particles to aggregates and microaggregates).

 From organic fertilizers on sports lawns, compost gives the best result. Soil acidity should be given the greatest attention. The most suitable soil reaction is pH 5.0-7.0, i.e. Soils for sports lawns should have a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. According to the mineralogical composition, the soil of a football field should contain 4-12% of limestone. It is necessary to use ground or ground limestone, not slaked lime, since it mixes better with the surface layers of the soil and acts faster.

 Due to the circumstances described above, the electrically conductive composition described above cannot be introduced as a component into the upper soil layer of a football field and thereby produce electrically heated lawns.

 Also known is a system for electrically heating a grass lawn of a football field, which includes heating cables placed under the lawn at a given depth, temperature sensors and an electrical panel installation (Football. Year-round. - Promotional brochure. Kiev, 1992).

 The described system for heating the pitch of a football field makes it possible to hold football matches all year round in conditions almost close to summer. This system has drainage and drainage qualities. It contributes to the rapid restoration of the lawn after intensive use, prolonged rains, heavy snowfalls and severe frosts. In addition, a microclimate is created over the entire surface of the football field at a considerable height from the surface, which favorably affects the body of athletes, this contributes to the entertainment and attractiveness of competitions in the late autumn and winter periods.

The electric heating control system provides multi-stage (automatic or manual) temperature control on the surface of the heating cable throughout the lawn or its individual zones. The proposed system ensures normal operation at 10 - 65 ^o C. The time for heating the lawn with a freezing depth of 1 m - less than 3 days. Energy intensity, taking into account climatic conditions and operating conditions, reaches up to 400 kW. The system efficiency is 0.95. However, episodic switching on of the electric heating control system leads to the fact that the root system of the vegetation cover, when accelerated by warming up the soil from the state of suspended animation, does not manage to enter the normal mode and it is depleted. Weakened plants die during repeated transitions from negative to positive temperatures, this is evidenced by the "yellow" zones on the surface of the green lawn of a football field.

 Electric heating does not take into account the specificity of the thermal conductivity of the top layer of the football field and the distribution of root systems of vegetation cover. The soil (fertile top layer) used for the growth of ordinary lawns requires a significant improvement in the mechanical composition: it is dusty, structureless, as a result of this, lawn crops are strongly compacted during irrigation with artificial rainfall (sprinkling) or irrigation during subsequent operation.

 The construction of football fields known in world practice has the following layered structure.

Before laying special layers, the field surface must be carefully aligned with the design slopes and compacted with heavy rollers. The leveling accuracy should be within ± 2 cm. A moisture-retaining layer of peat (lignin) 3–5 cm thick is laid on the prepared base. The peat layer is compacted with a heavy roller with a mass of at least 1.5 t. The peat is laid in a moistened state and held in this condition before laying the next top layer. On a peat layer, (lignin), a subsoil layer of 16 cm thickness is laid in two runs of 8 cm according to design slopes. Leveling is carried out on 2 x 2 m squares. The compaction of each layer should be carried out with rollers weighing 100 - 150 kg. The upper layer is formed from a special mixture of the following composition,%:
Fertile land, taken from the upper fertile layer of pasha - 48
Peat - 27
Rotted manure (2-year) - 5
Gravel quartz sand with a grain diameter of 5 - 6 mm - 5
Coarse quartz sand with a grain diameter of 2 - 3 mm - 15
This mixture is mixed in a concrete mixer or manually. After laying a layer with a thickness of 16 cm, the following fertilizers are introduced evenly throughout the field, kg:
Nitrogen chips (crushed bone) with a diameter of 2 cm
Dry Blood - 250
Superphosphate - 200
Potassium chloride - 120
Ammonium Sulphate - 170
Ammonium nitrate - 200
Copper sulfate - 20
Iron sulfate - 20
All these materials are evenly and carefully distributed over the surface of the football field and carefully sealed with a tooth rake into a layer to a depth of 3-5 cm. The surface of the special layer is finally leveled with a 300 kg roller in two mutually perpendicular directions.

After laying a special layer (subsoil with a layer thickness of 16 cm), they begin laying the upper root-inhabited layer 4 cm thick. The composition of the mixture for the upper layer is formed from the following components,%:
Vegetable land - 48
Peat - 16
Organics (rotting manure) - 16
Coarse sand, quartz with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm - 15
Sand gravel, quartz with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm - 5
The upper root layer is produced according to the leveling marks in the center of the square 2 x 2 m. The layer is compacted with a roller weighing 100 - 150 kg. The following fertilizers are applied to this layer, kg:
Superphosphate - 200
Potassium Chloride - 10
Ammonium Nitrate - 150
Known artificial ice track, including plates for ice cover with a system of pipes, a base and movable supports, in which, in order to improve the reliability of the supports and improve the conditions for their maintenance, column foundations are installed under the supports, and each support is made with a plate, the thermal conductivity of which is in the range from 0.21 to 0.1 kcal / (cm • s • ^o C) installed on the bottom surface of the plate for ice cover, and a supporting element with a friction coefficient of 0.05 - 0.03, and the supporting element is fixed to columnar m foundation (aut. St. USSR N 717208, class E 01 C 13/00. Plokhin P.I. Artificial ice track. 1980.

 The disadvantage of the design of the ice track is the imperfection of the pipe system for supplying the refrigerant. This leads to the fact that the thickness of the ice cover varies from 20 to 85% of the nominal thickness. In this sports facility, the pipe system under concrete foundations is fixed freely, and the foundations themselves with ice and heat-insulating coatings move relative to the columnar foundations due to linear compression with decreasing temperature. The described pipe system cannot be borrowed for heating sports lawns.

Also known is the highway, including a non-freezing concrete coating of the carriageway and a closed coolant circulation system in the form of sealed L-shaped pipes, the shelves of which are placed under the concrete coating, and the racks are directed deep into the base of the road and connected to a heat source located below the freezing boundary of the soil, porous material covering the inner surface of closed pipes, in which, in order to increase isothermality when heating the concrete coating and reduce capital costs during its installation In hazardous sections of the road within city streets with an underground communications system, the circulation system is equipped with a plate and additional pipes directed along the longitudinal edges of the coating and connecting the pipes located under the coating in a loop-like configuration, with the plate attached to the loop-shaped pipes from above and the heat source combined with a sewage pipe of the urban underground utilities system into which the racks of hermetic pipes with bends are buried in the buried part are directed e towards the flow of wastewater and made with discretely placed perimeter thickenings, while the circulation system has heat insulation covering hermetic pipes located outside the wastewater pipe, hermetic pipes with a loop-shaped configuration are placed with a hydraulic slope of 0.03-0.05; perimeter thickenings on the limbs of sealed pipes are placed with a relative step t = (l / h) _opt ) = 10 ... 15, where l is the distance between the perimeter thickenings; h is the height of the thickenings; the distance between the individual loops placed under the cover of the sealed pipes is taken equal to the width of the loop (ed. St. USSR N 1482990 class E 01 C 11/24. Vytchikov Yu.S., Lux A.L., Lux A.A. and Melnikova L.I. Highway. 1989).

 The disadvantages of the design of the highway include the complexity of the design of the coolant circulation system and the difficulty of filling the coolant into the pipe system.

 It is known equipment for maintaining the technological regime of the cultivated soil layer in greenhouses, containing drainage pipes inclined beneath it, a heating device, including a pump and a water heater, supplying coolant to the heating channels, in which, in order to reduce the cost of constructing drainage systems, and heating, the latter are made by combined and heating channels are drainage pipes perforated on the upper side, at the inputs of which control wells are installed, and at the outputs from dug wells, interconnected by a pressureless pipe on which a pump and a water heater are mounted (ed. St. USSR N 363461, class A 01 g 9/24. Equipment for maintaining the technological regime of the soil culture layer in greenhouses. Kislenko N.K., Posylkin A.I., Terpigorev V.A., Streis R.I. and Shakuev L.I. 1972.

This equipment has low efficiency and is operable only at temperatures of the cultivated soil layer above 11 - 12 ^o C. At low temperatures in the soil, the system is inoperative.

 A device for heating, protected soil, containing a heat exchanger, in which, in order to avoid sudden changes in temperature in the greenhouse, the heat exchanger is made in the form of a flat thin-walled flexible opaque shell made of rubber or polymer material with channels for the coolant and holes for plants (USSR patent N 528849 , class A 01 G 9/24. Protected ground heating device. Jean-Len Dahl, Maurice Dumont, Andre Fursch, Aime Freix and Andre Guzi (France). Commissariat a l'Energy Atomic (France), 1976.

In the channels of the heat exchangers serves a liquid coolant with a temperature of 25 - 45 ^o C. The pressure of the liquid coolant in the heat exchanger does not exceed 0.1 m water. Art. The small temperature difference between the coolant circulating in the shells and the soil requires that 50 - 100% of the soil surface be covered in the greenhouse. This fact does not allow the use of the described device for heating sports lawns, in particular on the surface of a football cover. The vegetative cover on the lawns of football fields is created by the following herbs, which are sown in a complex mixture, kg:
Fescue meadow - 25 - 40
Meadowgrass meadow (field) - 20 - 25
Ryegrass - 20 - 35
Red Fescue - 75 - 185
Clover White - 10 - 15
Only 150 - 200 kg of grass seeds per football field with a size of 72 x 110 m. Sowing of grass mixtures seeds is carried out in the cultural layer to a depth of 0.5 - 1.0 cm with obligatory dusting (grounding) with a structural agronomically valuable soil fraction with a layer of 2 cm. After sowing, the soil layer is rolled in with light cylindrical rollers with a specific pressure of 1.2 - 1.8 kg / cm ² .

 A known method of heating the soil during irrigation, including heating and supplying it to the irrigation network with porous humidifiers, in which, in order to uniformly heat the soil and maintain optimum humidity and temperature in the soil, water is heated after the specified irrigation rate has been issued and the network pressure is reduced to 1.0 - 0.5 m water column (Autost. St. USSR N 676227, class A 01 G 9/24. Gubkin V.K., Sheikin Yu.G. and Klimov V.V. Method of soil heating during irrigation . 1979).

 The described method is carried out by an irrigation network, which includes a pump, a distribution pipe with a pressure gauge, microporous Viaflo type humidifiers, a discharge pipe with a valve, a tank with a heater and a water line with a float shut-off valve.

 Microporous moisturizers are laid out during planting and cleaned after harvesting. The depth of laying the humidifiers is 7-10 cm, and the distance between them is 30 cm. This provides a more uniform heating of the upper 20 cm layer, where the bulk of the plant roots is located.

 A significant drawback of the irrigation network is that sowing can only be carried out in narrow stripes. For continuous sowing of mixtures of grass seeds described above, the described heating method is not acceptable.

 A device is known for drainage and heating of soil in greenhouses, including a heating pipe located inside the drainage pipe, in which, in order to reduce heat loss and reduce soil thawing, the heating pipe is located in the upper part of the drainage pipe and is connected with it by its surface (aut. USSR N 1021417, class A 01 G 9/24, E 02 B 11/00 Starostin EG Device for drainage and heating. 1983).

In football fields during the match, the load intensity per 1 m ^{2 of} the lawn surface is 10 ³ - 10 ⁴ times the load than on the surface of the heated soil in greenhouses. Therefore, the laying of the heating pipe in the drainage pipe under the vegetation cover in the cultivated soil layer of the football field will lead to local decreases exceeding the agricultural tolerance (± 2 cm over a length of 2 m).

 A device for heating the soil is known, comprising a water heat generator, a closed coolant circuit and an automatic temperature control system for the soil with a regulator, a soil temperature sensor and a direct coolant temperature sensor, the water heat generator being made on a water heater, the closed coolant circuit includes a circulation loop installed on the return pipe a pump and a first three-way bypass valve with a control element mounted on a direct pipeline, and system a automatic control of soil temperature is performed according to a block diagram of a series-connected and feedback first element for comparing information from a soil temperature sensor for a converter with an amplifier and an soil temperature controller (Borodin I.F. et al. Fundamentals of automation and automation of production processes. - M .: Kolos, 1977, p. 57 - 62).

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy of regulation of the temperature of the soil.

 A device for heating the soil is known, comprising a water heat generator, a closed coolant circuit and a temperature soil automatic control system with a regulator, a soil temperature sensor and a direct coolant temperature sensor, the water heat generator being made on a water heater, and the closed coolant circuit includes a circulation loop installed on the return pipe a pump and a first three-way bypass valve with a control element mounted on a straight pipe, and the system automatic control of soil temperature is performed according to a block diagram of a series of connected and having feedback of the first element for comparing information from the soil temperature sensor for the setter, a converter with an amplifier and soil temperature controller, in which, in order to improve the accuracy of regulation of soil temperature, the automatic system of soil temperature control supplying a return temperature sensor, a surface temperature sensor of the pipes of the water heating system of the soil and a sensor level of solar radiation, and the water heat generator is equipped with a flow rate regulator and a second three-way bypass valve with a control element that is installed on the direct inlet pipe of the water heater, while the control unit is equipped with a computing unit, the input of which is connected to the return temperature sensor, a pipe surface temperature sensor water soil heating system, direct temperature sensor and solar radiation level sensor, and the output - with a converter and the first comparison element, the converter is equipped with an integrator, a correction unit, an adder, a second comparison element, the integrator input being connected to the computing unit, and the correction unit input being connected to the first comparison element, the outputs of the integrator and the correction unit are connected to the adder connected in series with the second comparison element , the soil temperature controller is made two-channel, while one output channel is connected in series to the control element of the second three-way bypass valve, and W swarm outlet channel is provided with a third comparison element, whose input is connected with the coolant temperature sensor on the supply line of the closed coolant circuit, wherein the output of the third comparing element is connected to the control member of the first three-way bypass valve (SU, USSR N 1028281, class A 01 G 9/24. Mikhailenko I.M. and Sudachenko V.N. Device for heating the soil. 1983).

 The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and low technical reliability of the solar radiation level sensor, leading to a malfunction of the entire automatic control system.

 The closest device of the same purpose to the proposed facility in terms of features is a device for heating a sports lawn containing a primary heat exchange system connected to the central heating of the city network and, through a heat exchanger, with a secondary autonomous closed system for circulating coolant - water and / or a solution of water with glucose in the form of sealed heat pipes made of structural polyethylene installed with a given step in the cultural layer under the vegetative cover of a sports lawn and hydraulically connected by water distribution and assembly pipelines of variable diameter, from highly condensed polyethylene with a primary system heat exchanger, a double transfer pump, an expansion vessel with filling and blowing valves, fluid passage control valves, a thermostat and a control device in manual and automatic operation modes, and inclined under the heat pipes below the cultural soil layer of the lawn drainage pipes. (Promotional brochure of the company "WIRSBO Linig-System". Motomatic AG fur Fussballfeld). This device is taken as a prototype.

 Heat pipes are laid in the cultural soil layer at a distance of 250 mm from each other at a depth of 200 - 250 mm. Heat pipes can be laid parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the football field. At the end of the field, the heat pipes are connected to a water supply and distribution pipe and an assembly discharge pipe of the water supply system. Heat pipes with a diameter of 3/4 '' are stacked in groups in the form of three threads with U-shaped knees at the opposite end of the football field. The outlet and inlet pipes are conical with an external diameter of 160 mm at the inlet and 110 mm at the outlet at a length of 72 m.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result when using the known device adopted for the prototype include uneven heating of the fertile soil layer in the area of the football field and a large temperature difference in the coolant at the outlet of the supply pipe compared to the temperature of the coolant at the entrance to the outlet pipe. U-shaped knees at the opposite end of the football field do not provide compensation for the working length of the heat pipes due to linear expansion when the temperature of the coolant changes when the control system is switched from the economical mode (between long breaks of sports or football matches in the sports calendar - a break of 14 days ) to normal mode and vice versa from normal mode to idle mode. During the winter break, the automatic control system switches the heating medium heating system to a low temperature at which the liquid medium in the pipes is above the freezing point at a temperature of about + 6 ^o C. The liquid medium is constantly in a circulating state. The outlet temperature is constantly changing every day. When the temperature drops to +3 ^o C, the system immediately changes the temperature of the coolant. For this reason, heat pipes are always in thermal load mode, and U-shaped bends at one end do not provide normal operation of heat pipes.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the temperature drop of the coolant along the length of the heat pipes and ensure uniform heating of the lawn along the field surface.

 The technical result is an increase in the service life of the device for heating the lawn, reducing energy for heating the coolant and preserving the surface of the lawn for sports competitions all year round.

 The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known device for heating a sports lawn, including a primary heat exchange system connected to the central heating of the city network and through a heat exchanger with a secondary autonomous closed circulation system of the coolant - water and / or water solution with glucose in the form sealed heat pipes made of structural polyethylene installed with a given step in the cultivated soil layer under the vegetative cover of a sports lawn and hydra Influentially connected by water distribution and assembly pipelines made of highly condensed polyethylene with a heat exchanger via a double transfer pump, an expansion vessel, filling and blowing valves, a fluid passage control valve, a thermostat and a control device in manual and automatic modes, and inclined-placed under the heat pipes below the cultural layer lawn soils drainage pipes, distribution and assembly water supply pipelines are connected to the middle of the long the sports lawn side and are hydraulically connected to additional distribution and assembly pipelines mounted congruently to the ends of the lawn, while the ends of the parallel heat pipes are connected in succession to the nozzles on the distribution and assembly pipelines on one end of the lawn and to the nozzles of the assembly and distribution pipelines on the other end of the field lawn, and each end of the heat pipe is equipped with a compensator made in the form of a vertically installed part of the heat Pipes rings with an outer diameter matching the diameter of the heat pipe by (15.0 - 20.0): 1.

 Due to the fact that the ends of the parallel heat pipes are alternately connected to the pipes of the distribution and assembly pipelines, countercurrents of the heat carriers in the parallel heat pipes are created. Reducing the path of the coolant in the heat pipes in two grooves and counterflows in adjacent pipes ensure the achievement of the above technical result.

 In FIG. 1 shows a sports facility with a heated lawn on a football field in the center, plan view.

 In FIG. 2 - place I in FIG. 1, the coolant supply from the primary system heat exchanger installed under the arena of the sports facility to the secondary system heat exchanger installed under the sports lawn in a perspective view.

 In FIG. 3 - a heated football field with a heat pipe system, plan view.

 In FIG. 4 - section AA in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the upper root layer of the lawn, the heat pipe system and the drainage collector mounted obliquely under the heat pipes.

 In FIG. 5 is a section BB in FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view of distribution and assembly pipelines for supplying a coolant and a longitudinal section of a heat pipe with a compensator in the form of a vertically mounted ring at the end.

 In FIG. 6 is a section BB in FIG. 3, a longitudinal section of heat pipes and expansion joints in the form of curved arcs connected to the nozzles of distribution and assembly pipelines.

 In FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an autonomous secondary coolant circulation system.

 We will consider the design of a device for heating a sports lawn using the example of a heated football field made at the stadium. The device for heating comprises a primary heat exchange system 1 connected to the central heating of the city network 2, and a secondary autonomous closed system 3 of circulation of the coolant (Fig. 1, 2 and 7). As the heat carrier, water and / or a solution of water with glycol are used.

The secondary autonomous closed system 3 circulation of the coolant is represented by sealed parallel installed heat pipes 4, placed at a given pitch in the cultivated soil layer 5 under the vegetation cover 6 of the sports lawn and hydraulically connected to the water distribution pipe 7 and the assembly pipe 8. Heat pipes 4 with a diameter of 3/4 '' are made of molecularly structured polyethylene having high thermal conductivity. The distribution pipe 7 and the assembly pipe 8 with a diameter of 160 mm are made of highly condensed polyethylene. Heat pipes 4 with a diameter of 1 '' (25.4 mm) with a wall thickness of 3 mm are allowed. Heat pipes 4 are placed in the cultivated soil layer 5 under the vegetative cover 6 of the sports lawn, at a depth of 160 - 180 mm. The distribution pipe 7 and the assembly pipe 8 are laid parallel to the ends 9 and 10 of the football field and along its long side 11. Heat pipes 4 can be laid apart from each other with a distance of 180 - 250 mm. In each specific case, the mounting reference of the system is taken into account, taking into account the climatic conditions of the region. Heating a football field with a size of 110 x 72 m requires 40,000 - 48,000 linear meters of heat pipes 4. To supply the glycol solution from the heat exchangers of the primary system 1, 642 linear meters of low-pressure polyethylene pipes with a mark 159 PNDVP with a diameter of 160 mm are required for distribution and assembly pipelines 7 and 8. To fill the secondary system 3 with a coolant, 2300 kg of glycol is required. The distribution pipe 7 and the assembly pipe 8 with a diameter of 160 mm are laid in a trench 12 with a width of 600 mm at a depth of 0.8 - 1.0 m. The bottom 13 of the trench 12 is filled with a layer of sand 14 with a thickness of 10 - 12 cm. At the end of the installation work, the trench 12 is filled with insulating material 15, for example expanded clay. The expanded clay layer in the trench 12 is covered with a moisture-proof material 16 and a coating 17 made of synthetic material, or asphalt. Distribution and assembly water supply pipelines 7 and 8 from the heat exchangers are led first to the middle of the long side 11 of the sports lawn, and then they are distributed by two parallel arms, congruent to the sides 11 of the field 9 of the sports lawn, and its ends 9 and 10. The ends 18 and 19 of each heat pipe 4 are connected to the nozzles on the distribution pipe 7 and on the assembly pipe 8 in such a way that countercurrent fluids are created in the parallel-laid heat pipes 4 in the soil culture layer 5. To do this, the end 18 of the heat pipe 4 is connected to the pipe of the distribution pipe 7 at the end 10 of the football field, and the end 19 of the same pipe 4 is connected to the pipe of the assembly pipe, 8 at the end 9 of the sports lawn (Figs. 3 and 5). Whereas the ends 18 adjacent to the first heat pipe 4 laid parallel pipelines 4 are connected in the reverse order: the ends 18 of the heat pipes 4 in the trench 12 at the end 10 with the assembly pipe 8, and the ends of the same pipes 4 with the pipes on the distribution pipe 7, laid in trench 12 at the end 9 of the football field. Each end 18 (19) of the heat pipe 4 (Fig. 5) is equipped with a compensator 20, made in the form of a ring vertically mounted from a part of the heat pipe 4 with an outer diameter D corresponding to the diameter d of the heat pipe 4 as (15 - 20): 1. For high-rolled polymeric materials of heat pipes 4, compensators 20 in the form of rings are performed during preliminary heating of the ends 18 and 19 of heat pipes 4. Compensators 20 can also be made in the form of curved arcs 21 and 22 (Fig. 6) so that the length of the arc 21 ( 22) and its chord 23 (24) were maintained in the ratio (1.2 - 1.3): 1. The ends 18 and 19 of the heat pipes 4 are welded with the nozzles of distribution pipelines 7 and assembly pipelines 8, previously laid in trenches 12 along the ends 9 and 10 football fields. After completion of installation work, pressure testing of pipelines 4, 7 and 8 is carried out with a test pressure of 8 kgf / cm ² (0.8 MPa). The working pressure in the secondary system 3 does not exceed 1.1 - 1.5 kgf / cm ² (0.11 - 0.15 MPa).

The cultivated soil layer 5 (Fig. 4-6) for maintaining the upper vegetative layer 6 of the sports lawn is created as follows. A moisture-retaining layer 26 of peat (lignin) 3 cm thick is laid on the prepared base 25. The latter is compacted with a roller. On the layer 26, a subsoil layer 27 with a thickness of 16 cm is laid in two doses of 8 cm according to the design slopes. After laying each portion produce a seal. Layer 27 of the subsoil is formed from special mixtures of the following composition,%: plant land 48; peat 27; manure 5; gravel quartz sand with a grain diameter of 5 - 6 mm 5; coarse quartz sand with a grain diameter of 2 - 3 mm 15. The mixture is intensively mixed in a concrete mixer or manually before laying in place. After laying layer 27 with a thickness of 16 cm, the following fertilizers are applied evenly over the entire area (72 x 110 m ² ), kg: nitrogen chips with a diameter of 2 cm; dry blood 250; superphosphate 200; potassium chloride 120; ammonium sulfate 170; ammonium nitrate 200; copper sulfate 20; vitriol 20. After laying a layer 27 of a subsoil with a thickness of 16 cm, they begin laying a top vegetable layer 28 with a thickness of 4 cm. The composition of the special mixture for layer 28 includes the following components,%: fertile soil 48; peat 16; organic fertilizers 16; coarse-grained sand, quartz with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm 15; sand gravel, quartz with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm 5. After laying layer 28, the following fertilizers are applied superficially, kg: superphosphate 200; calcium chloride 10; ammonium nitrate 150.

 After the final alignment of the microdepressions of the plot, they begin to sow grass seeds for a sports lawn. For sowing, the following composition of herbs is used with the following seeding rates, kg: meadow fescue 25 - 40; meadow bluegrass 20 - 25; ryegrass 20 - 35; red fescue 75 - 85; white clover 10 - 15. After sowing and seeding the seeds to a depth of 0.5 cm, they are landed with a structurally agronomically valuable soil with a thickness of 2 cm, which creates an upper plant layer 29 for growing seeds of sown crops. The last layer 29 is rolled. After the root system of the plants has grown and a dense cover is formed, the stems of the plants are mowed by lawn mowers at a cut height of 40 mm, which forms a sports lawn 30. Depending on the operating conditions of the sports lawn, a layer of sand with a thickness of 10 cm may be laid first, and only then lay layers 26 - 28. Under the layers 26 - 29 on the base 25 made drainage collector 31.

 The primary heat transfer system 1 is connected to the secondary autonomous closed system 3 by heat exchangers 32 and 33 (Fig. 7). In heat exchangers 32 and 33, there are two types of different temperature coolant, which are not mutually mixed. The first heat carrier - pure water - through the pressure pipe 34 through the valve 35 at the inlet of the primary heat exchange system 1, enters through the valve 36 and the water temperature controller 37 to the heat exchanger 32. The heat exchanger 33 with the pressure pipe 34 is connected in a similar way - through the valve 38 and the temperature controller 39 water. From the heat exchangers 32 and 33, the heat carrier from the city heat supply system 2 through the opening of the valve 40 and 41 enters through the drain pipe 42 and through the valve 43 enters the heating system of the city network 2. The temperature of the heat carrier on the supply and return lines and the pressure of the water in the heating system are recorded by thermometers 44 and 45 and manometers 46 and 47.

 The cavity of the heat exchangers 32 and 33 are filled with a coolant made in the form of an aqueous solution, glycol. The coolant — glycol solution — is supplied from heat pipes 4 through an assembly pipe 8 to a pump 48, which is connected to the same network in parallel with a backup pump 49 for supplying a coolant for heating a sports lawn.

 Pumps 48 and 49 at their inputs and outputs have two pairs of valves 50, 51, 52 and 53. The heat carrier of the second kind under operating pressure through a pressure pipe 54 and through valves 55 and 56 is fed either to a heat exchanger 32 or to a heat exchanger 33. At the outputs heat exchangers 32 and 33 mounted valves 57 and 58, which are hydraulically connected in parallel with the pressure pipe 59, and then through the valve 60 - with the distribution pipe 7.

In the heat exchangers 32 and 33, the heat energy from the heat carrier from the city network 2 is transferred to the heat carrier from the closed autonomous system 3. The autonomous system 3 is equipped with a reserve tank 61 with a volume of 10 m ³ for glycol solution. The capacity 61 of the pipeline 62 through the valve 63 is connected to the Assembly pipe 8.

 The trouble-free operation of the device for heating the sports lawn is ensured by setting a third heat exchanger, 64, which is connected to the main boiler 65 or the backup boiler 66. The boilers 65 and 66 can be powered from an electric network with a voltage of 380 (220) V or, alternatively, heating the coolant can be carried out by gas in the furnaces of boilers 65 and 66.

The main boiler 65 and the backup boiler 66 through the gate valve 67 and the suction pipe 68 are connected to a tank 69 to feed the electric boilers 65 and 66. The tank 69 has a volume of 4 m ³ .

 Boilers 65 and 66 are equipped with electric pumps 70 and 71.

 The heat exchanger 64 is connected by a pipe 72 to the electric boilers 65 and 66. The heat carrier (water) from the heat exchanger 64 with open valves 73 and 74 is pumped under pressure 71 to the boiler 65, and from it again to the heat exchanger 64. When the valve is closed 74, the heat carrier through the pipe 75 it is supplied to the valve 76 and through it to the pump 70, where it is raised by the working backup boiler 66 to the desired temperature of the heat carrier, and then it is sent through the pipe 72 to the heat exchanger 64.

In this mode of circulation of the coolant from the boiler 65 (66), an aqueous solution of glycol from the heat pipes 4 to the heat exchanger 64 is directed as follows. The valve 60 on the distribution pipe 7 is closed, and the valves 77 and 78 of the heat exchanger 64 are opened. From the collection pipe 8, a glycol solution with a low temperature (+3 ^° C) is supplied through the suction line to the pump 48 and through the motor pipe 57, bypassing the valves 55 and 56, through the valve 79 through the pipeline 59 it is subsequently supplied through the valve 77 to the cavity of the heat exchanger 64 The heated glycol solution through the valve 78 under operating pressure is subsequently supplied to the distribution pipe 7. The temperature of the glycol solution, when fed to heat the lawn and vice versa, is recorded by thermometers 80 and 81, and the pressure in the secondary network is recorded by manometers 8 2 and 83.

 The heat supply system for heating a sports lawn can be controlled manually or automatically using appropriate soil temperature sensors in the root layer of a sports lawn.

 The described system for heating the coolant from a glycol water solution provides for the joint operation of external heat networks 2 and boilers 65 and 66. For this purpose, the piping system 34 and 42 is equipped with additional water pipes 84 and 85 and valves 86 and 87.

 A device for heating a sports lawn is as follows.

Consider the operation of the device for heating a sports lawn from an external heat source, in particular from external heat networks with a coolant temperature of 40 - 70 ^o C (Fig. 7). To do this, the operator of the boiler room mounted under the stands of the stadium checks that the valves of the gate valves 38, 58, 56, 86, 87, 52, 53, 63, 41, 79, 77, 78, 73, 74, 76 and 67 are installed in the positions "Closed". At the same time, he also checks the position of the valves of the gate valves 35, 43, 36, 57, 55, 51, 50 and 60, which should be at the “Open” marks.

From heating networks, a coolant with a temperature t ^o = 40 - 70 ^o C through the pressure pipe 34 through the valve 35 and the valve 36, the temperature controller 37 enters the heat exchanger 32, and then through the open valve 40 through the drain pipe 42 and through the valve 43 goes to re- circulation in the primary heat transfer system 1. The coolant from the glycol solution in the heat exchanger 32 acquires almost the same water temperature. From the assembly pipe 8, the glycol solution through the valve 50 enters the suction cavity of the pump 48, which, under pressure from the workers through the valve 51, flows through the pressure pipe 54 and through the valve 55 to the heat exchanger 32 and at the outlet from it through the valve 57 to the pressure pipe 59, and from it, through the valve 60, into the distribution pipe 7.

From the distribution pipe 7 through the nozzles, ends 18 and expansion joints 20, the coolant flows through the heat pipes 4 in mutually opposite directions in adjacent parallel stacked heat pipes 4 and flows from the distribution pipes 7 installed in trenches 12 along the ends 9 and 10 of the football field into the assembly pipes 8. Placement heat pipes 4 at a depth of 18 - 20 cm in the cultural soil layer of a sports lawn when a coolant with a temperature greater than the temperature of the soil in the upper layer is supplied, the soil becomes positive the temperature is above +6 ^o C. In this case, the root system of the vegetative cover of the sports lawn leaves the state of suspended animation, while the plant stems begin to vegetate. The cooled glycol solution through the expansion joints 20 (21, 22) of the heat pipes and at its ends 18 and 19 serves the coolant in the cavity of the assembly pipes 8 installed in the trenches at the ends 9 and 10 of the sports lawn. When the pump 48 is operating in the boiler room, the cycle is repeated.

When lowering the temperature of the coolant installed by the thermometer 83 on the assembly pipe 8, below +6 ^o C, the second heat exchanger 33 is turned on. For this, the operator opens the valves 38, 58, 56 and 41. The heat exchange process is performed as described above.

In an emergency situation of the external thermal system 2, first of all, the valves 35 and 43 on the shut-off pipe 34 and the drain pipe 42 are transferred to the "Closed" position. The boiler 65 with electric heating and the third heat exchanger 64 come into operation. For the autonomous boiler 65 to operate, the valve operator 73, 74, 79 and 60 from the "Closed" position switches to the "Open" position, while the valves 55, 56 and 60 from the "Closed" position "- to the" Open "position. The heat carrier (pure water) from the heat exchanger 64 through the valves 73 and 74 by the working pump 71 is supplied to the boiler 65 and under the working pressure with a temperature of 40 - 70 ^o C is sent through the pipe 72 to the inlet of the heat exchanger 64. At the same time, from the assembly pipe 8 connected to the ends 18 and 19 of the heat pipes 4, the glycol solution through the valve 50 enters the suction cavity of the pump 48, and from the pressure cavity of the pump - the valve 51 and through the pressure pipe 54, bypassing the valves 79 and 78 installed in the "Open" position, into the working cavity heat exchanger 64 and at the exit from it, through a valve 78 into a distribution pipe 7 for supplying a heat carrier with a working temperature to the heat pipes 4. When the air temperature drops below (-15) - (-20) ^o C, the main boiler 65 and the reserve boiler 66 .

 When conducting sports games (series of matches) for heating a sports lawn during intensive use, the soil culture layer is heated with three working heat exchangers 32, 33 and 64.

If there is a break between sporting events (series of matches) for more than 14 days, the operation mode of the heat exchangers 32, 33 and 64 is set to “economical”. The temperature of the coolant (solution, glycol) at the outlet of the heat pipes 4 should not fall below +3 ^o C.

 The operator controls the heating of the sports lawn both manually, changing the work, according to the calendar of the competition, and automatically when installing additional sensors and devices.

 The temperature difference of the coolant (aqueous glycol solution) leads to a linear expansion or contraction of the heat pipes along the length of the sports lawn (the length of each heat pipe 4 is 112 m. In this case, depending on the pinching point of the heat pipe 4, the pipe sections 4 either extend or The difference in the linear elongations of the heat pipes 4 is compensated either by decreasing the diameter D of the compensator 20 at the ends 18 or 19 of the pipes 4 (Fig. 5), or by increasing (decreasing) the length of the curved arcs 21 and 22 (Fig. 6). 21 and 22 on ontsah heat pipes 4, as well as a series connection of the ends 18 and 19 adjacent parallel heat pipes 4 with the distribution conduits 8 and piping assembly 7 provides an increase in their service life to 50 years.

 The described heating of the sports lawn provides sports competitions of any gong throughout the calendar year.

 An underground irrigation system with drainage network 31 guarantees the conservation of vegetation cover for 8 to 10 years.

 Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention: the means embodying the invention in its implementation is intended for use in the construction of sports facilities and lawns; for the invention, as described in the independent clause of the claims below, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described above or known prior to the priority date is confirmed; means embodying the invention in its implementation, is able to ensure the achievement of the perceived by the applicant technical result.

Claims (1)

 \ \ \ 1 A device for heating a sports lawn containing a primary heat exchange system connected to the central heating of the city network and through a heat exchanger with a secondary autonomous closed circulation system for the coolant - water or a solution of water with glucol - in the form of sealed parallel heat pipes made of molecularly structured polyethylene installed in increments in the cultivated soil layer under the vegetative cover of a sports lawn and hydraulically connected by water distribution and assembly pipelines made of highly condensed polyethylene with a heat exchanger by means of a thermostat pump and a control device in manual and automatic modes, and drainage pipes inclined beneath the heat pipes below the cultivated soil and lawn, characterized in that the distribution and assembly water supply pipelines are connected to the middle of the long side of the sports the lawn and are hydraulically connected to additional distribution and assembly pipelines installed congruently lawn, with the ends of the heat pipes connected in series with the nozzles on the distribution and assembly pipelines at one end of the lawn and with the nozzles of the assembly and distribution pipelines at the other end, and each end of the heat pipe is equipped with a compensator made in the form of a ring vertically mounted from a portion of the pipe with an external diameter corresponding to the diameter of the heat pipe as (15.0-20.0): 1, or a curved arc with a ratio to its own chord as (1.2-1.3): 1.

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