RU2078601C1 - Fire extinguisher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment, particular, primary means for suppression of fire seats. SUBSTANCE: fire extinguisher has cylindrical body with bottom, propellant charge, percussion cap, fire-extinguishing substance, sprayer and cover. Propellant charge is located in a hollow made in body bottom connected through a channel with percussion cap and separated from fire-extinguishing substance by thin filter membrane. Percussive mechanism connected to body bottom for reciprocation may be made in form of disk or flexible plate. Percussive mechanism may also be made for rotary motion. In all cases, it has, at least, one striker facing the bottom of fire extinguisher. Sprayer is made in form of radial rods rigidly connected with body. Rods may have one or several plates to improve spraying. To improve efficiency of fire extinguisher, it is provided with fire-transmitting element connecting the propellant charge with cover. This element may be made in form of detonating cord, or in form of hollow fire-transmitting tube, or cover from burning substance on the internal surface of fire extinguisher body. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fire fighting equipment and can be used as a primary extinguishing agent.

 Known devices for extinguishing a fire (for example, N.V. Isavnin. Powder fire extinguishing agents, M. Stroyizdat, 1983; A.S. 1207008, class A 62 C 13/50, 15.06.84, ac 1216856, class A 62 C 13/50, 28.03.83, ac 1264432, class A 62 C 31/16, 22.12.83, ac 1559483, 11.07.88), which describe various powder fire extinguishing agents. These devices are equipped with tanks with fire extinguishing powder that are significant in size, as they are designed for long periods of action, which complicates the management of such fire extinguishers when fighting fires.

 Recently, the pulsed fire extinguishing method has been recognized, the advantage of which is that the fire extinguishing composition, entering the fire at a high speed, further enhances its properties due to kinetic parameters (V. Vinogradov, V. Titkov. "Pulse fire extinguishing", Fire case, N 12-1989, p. 22).

 The means implementing this method include the known inventions according to a. from. 952276 dated 11.25.80, cl. A 62 C 37/28; by A.S. 121743 from 02.14.84, cl. A 62 C 13/22; by A.S. 1648509 from 04.04.88, cl. A 62 C. Closest to the invention are powder fire extinguisher 1151245 from 05/03/83 and an additional invention to the latter by A.S. 132672 12.07.85, cl. A 62 C 13/00 (prototype), which consists of a cylindrical container for placing fire extinguishing powder, an explosive charge (propellant charge) with a detonator located at the bottom of the container. To weaken the recoil force, the charge is placed on a polyurethane foam damper. In addition, the partition placed between the charge and the extinguishing powder is made of elastic material, and the lid that protects the powder from rash is made in the form of a hollow cone (segment, hemisphere). For spraying the extinguishing powder on the inner surface of the container at the outlet there is a sprayer in the form of helical ribs of a triangular section of variable thickness.

 The disadvantages of the described fire extinguisher according to the prototype is the need to use materials with special properties for a cartridge with an explosive and a partition located between the cartridge and the fire extinguishing powder. The presence of an additional wad between the partition and the fire extinguishing powder requires an increase in the necessary energy to overcome the wad resistance when throwing the powder and somewhat reduces the reliability of the fire extinguisher due to the possibility of skewing the wad. The structural design of the fire extinguisher body and the cartridge of the prototype makes it difficult to use the percussion mechanism as a means of initiating as the simplest and most undemanding additional elements in the form of sources of electric current, radiation energy, etc. A swirl made in the form of longitudinal ribs of variable cross section reduces the effective area of the passage cross sections for the ejection of extinguishing powder. These shortcomings make it impossible to use a fire extinguisher as an autonomous, manual means of suppressing a fire.

 Finally, the energy of the propellant charge is expended not only on the ejection of the extinguishing powder, but also on opening the lid and overcoming the resistance forces when the powder passes through the atomizer (swirler). Moreover, the transfer of force to open the lid occurs through a fire extinguishing powder, which entails the compression of the latter before ejection. On the other hand, loosening the lid tightens the requirements for transportation and handling of the fire extinguisher until it is used.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages and increase the efficiency of extinguishing a fire.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the bottom of the housing there is a recess filled with a propellant charge (gunpowder, explosive or pyrotechnic composition) and closed with a thin forcing destructible membrane to create conditions for a more complete combustion of the propellant charge. A notch with a propelling charge is connected by a channel to a shock-igniter capsule, which allows you to abandon a specially made cartridge.

 In addition, from the outside to the bottom of the housing with a recess for the propellant charge, a channel and an igniter capsule, a shock mechanism is connected with a gap and the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the bottom, which is provided by fastening (screws, etc.) and shock-absorbing elements (springs, rubber gaskets, etc.). This allows the igniter capsule to be triggered by impact, abandoning other means of initiation (electric current, radiation or thermal energy, etc.), which ultimately allows the fire extinguisher to be compact and easy to handle.

 The shock mechanism can be made in the form of a disk mounted with a gap relative to the bottom of the fire extinguisher using shock absorbing and fastening elements, or in the form of an elastic (spring) plate, one end of which is rigidly fastened to the bottom of the fire extinguisher. In both versions, the percussion mechanism comprises a striker facing the bottom of the fire extinguisher body.

 The impact mechanism can be performed not only with the possibility of reciprocating motion, but also with the possibility of rotational motion. At the same time, one or more channels with an igniter capsule and at least one through hole are made in the bottom of the fire extinguisher, and the percussion mechanism contains strikers in an amount equal to the sum of the channels with igniter capsules and through holes. Such a design of the bottom and impact mechanism before the rotation of the latter, i.e. until the strikers coincide with the igniter capsules, it increases the degree of safety of using a fire extinguisher, and after turning the shock mechanism it makes it possible to increase the reliability of the propelling charge by using more than one igniter capsule.

 The sprayer according to the invention is made in the form of radial rods, rigidly fixed to the body of the fire extinguisher. Moreover, to increase the degree of spraying on these rods, one or more plates can be fixed.

 To prevent preliminary compression of the extinguishing agent, the fire extinguisher is equipped with a fire-transfer element, for example, a detonating cord, which transfers the force of fire from the propellant charge directly to the lid, bypassing the stage of preliminary compression of the extinguishing agent, which ensures opening of the lid before the release of the extinguishing agent, thereby improving performance.

 As an embodiment, the fire transfer element can be made in the form of a tube, the cavity of which forms a fire transfer chain from the propellant charge to the cover. Moreover, the tube ends with a bell, the base of which is facing the lid, which allows to improve the spraying of the extinguishing agent when it is ejected from the housing due to the flow of the extinguishing agent flowing around the cone surface.

 The goal can also be achieved by the fact that the fire-transfer element is made in the form of a lining of burning material, which is applied, glued or applied to the inner surface of the body of the fire extinguisher.

 Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the proposed fire extinguisher, which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2 of housing 1; propellant charge 3; igniter capsule 4; extinguishing agent 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by a membrane 6; atomizer 7 and cover 8. Moreover, the propellant charge 3 is placed in the recess 9, made in the bottom 2 of the housing 1 and connected by a channel 10 to the igniter capsule 11, which using fastening (for example, screws) and shock absorbing (for example, rubber gasket) elements 12 has the ability to make a reciprocating motion relative to the bottom 2. The percussion mechanism 11, made, for example, in the form of a round disk, contains a striker 13, facing the bottom 2 and located against the channel 10 with the primer 4.

 The operation of the fire extinguisher is as follows.

 They strike, for example, with a hand, on the percussion mechanism 11, which, together with the striker 13, overcoming the resistance of the shock-absorbing element, moves forward relative to the bottom 2. In this case, the striker 13 is pierced by the igniter 4, from which the propellant 3 begins to burn through the channel 10, located in the recess 9 of the bottom 2 of the fire extinguisher. The gases generated during the burning of the propellant charge 3 destroy (burn or tear) the forcing membrane 6 and eject the extinguishing agent 5, destroying the cover 8.

 Thus, a recess filled with a propellant charge, closed by a thin forcing membrane and connected, in turn, by a channel with an igniter capsule, as well as a percussion mechanism with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the bottom of the fire extinguisher, make it possible to refuse to use materials with special properties of a separately made cartridge and wad, and also apply the energy of mechanical shock as the simplest and not requiring other sources of energy, which ultimately makes the fire extinguisher compact ith, autonomous, manual means of primary suppression of the fire.

 Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a fire extinguisher, illustrating the third claim and which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2; propellant charge 3; primer 4; extinguishing agent 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by a membrane 6; and covers 8. The propelling charge 3 in the described embodiment is placed in the annular recess 9 of the bottom 2 and is connected by the channel 10 to the igniter capsule 4. The impact mechanism 11 is made in the form of an elastic plate, for example, of spring steel fastened with a screw 12 to the bottom. The impact mechanism 11 includes a hammer 13 facing the bottom of the fire extinguisher against the channel 10, made in this embodiment not in the center of the bottom 2.

 The operation of the fire extinguisher in this case is as follows.

 Pull the impact mechanism 11 and release it. Due to the elasticity of the plate, the percussion mechanism 11, slipping the initial position, strikes strikingly 13 on the igniter 4. The rest of the fire extinguisher works as in the case described above.

 In FIG. 3 shows a variant of a fire extinguisher in operating position according to the fourth claim, which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2; propellant charge 3 in the annular recess 9 of the bottom 2; two (in this embodiment) igniter capsules 4 located in channels 10 connecting the igniter capsules 4 with a propelling charge 3; extinguishing agent 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by a thin forcing membrane 6; spray 7 and cover 8. The impact mechanism is made not only with the possibility of reciprocating, but also rotational around the axis of motion, which is provided by the fastening element 12 (screw). Moreover, the percussion mechanism contains three strikers 13, facing the bottom 2 of the fire extinguisher and made in the present embodiment at equal radii and at equal angles to each other. In addition, in the bottom 2 of the fire extinguisher made one through hole 14 (i.e. not connected to the propellant charge 3 in the recess 9). The through hole 14 and the channels 10 with the igniter capsules 4 are also made at equal angles. Inoperative, all three strikers 13 are located between the channels and through hole.

 The operation of the fire extinguisher is as follows.

 The fire extinguisher is brought into working condition, for which the percussion mechanism 11 is rotated around the axis until the positions of the three strikers coincide with two channels 10 with igniter capsules 4 and one through hole; strike, for example, with a hand on the percussion mechanism 11, while two of the three strikers 13 pierce two igniter caps 4, and the third enters the through hole 14. From the puncture of the igniter caps 4, the propellant 3 starts to burn through the channels 10. Gases, formed during the combustion of the propellant charge 3, destroy the forming membrane 6 and throw out the extinguishing agent 5, while destroying the cover 8.

 Thus, the constructive implementation of a fire extinguisher with reciprocating and rotational movements increases the degree of safety of use in the inoperative position due to the mismatch of the strikers with igniter capsules.

 The sprayer 7 in the proposed fire extinguisher according to the fifth claim is made in the form of, for example, four radial rods (Fig. 1, 3, 4), rigidly fastened to the body of the fire extinguisher.

 The operation of the sprayer is as follows.

 The gases generated during the combustion of the metal charge 3 destroy the forcing membrane 6 and expel the extinguishing agent 5 from the body 1 of the fire extinguisher. In this case, the flow of extinguishing agent 5, passing through the atomizer 7, increases turbulence, which leads to the expansion of the cross-sectional area of the stream when it exits the casing 1 of the fire extinguisher.

 Thus, the implementation of the atomizer in the form of rods increases the degree of atomization without significantly reducing the effective passage area of the fire extinguisher. The choice of the number and shape of the rods depends on the tactical and technical requirements for the fire extinguisher, the quantity and properties of the fire extinguisher, the power of the propellant charge.

 The plate 15 (Fig. 1), as an embodiment of the fire extinguisher according to the sixth claim, mounted on the spray gun 7, enhances the degree of atomization of the fire extinguisher 5 ejected from the body 1 of the fire extinguisher. The plates can be mounted on one or more rods of the spray gun, across or at an angle to the moving flow of extinguishing agent. The choice of shape and number of plates depends on the same conditions as the choice of design of the sprayer.

 In FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the proposed fire extinguisher according to the seventh claim, which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2; propellant charge 3 and the primer 4; extinguishing agent 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by the boosting membrane 6. In addition to these and other elements listed above, the fire extinguisher is equipped with a fire transfer element 16, for example, in the form of a detonating cord that connects the propellant charge 3 and the cover 8.

 The operation of the fire extinguisher is as follows.

 For example, a blow is struck with a hand on the percussion mechanism 11. In this case, the firing pin 13 is pierced by the igniter 4, from which the propellant 3 and simultaneously the fire-transfer element 16 begin to burn through the channel 10. The gases (flame) generated during the combustion of the fire-transfer element 16 are opened (burn through) the cover 8, and the gases generated during the combustion of the propellant charge 3, emit a fire extinguishing agent 5.

 Thus, the presence of the fire-transfer element allows you to open the lid before the fire extinguishing agent is ejected without first compressing the extinguishing agent. In this case, the cover can be made with sufficient strength for the transportation conditions of the fire extinguisher until it is used for its intended purpose.

 In FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a fire extinguisher, illustrating the eighth claim and which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2; propellant charge 3 and the primer 4; a fire extinguisher 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by a forming membrane 6. The fire extinguisher is equipped with a fire transfer element in the form of a tube 17, the end of which is made in the form of a bell 18 facing the cover 8. The tube 17, as an embodiment, may have radial holes 19 connecting the cavity tube 17 with a propellant charge 3, and in the cavity of the tube 17 can be placed, for example, an additional fire-transfer element 20, which enhances the effect of energy transfer from the propellant charge 3 to the cover 8, bypassing the extinguishing agent 5.

 The work in this case is as follows.

 After pricking the igniter capsule 4, the propellant charge 3 begins to burn. Part of the gases (flame) generated by the propellant 3 is burned, opens the cap 8 through the cavity of the tube 17, and the rest of the gases emits extinguishing agent 5. As an embodiment, the gases from the propellant charge 3 through the radial holes 19 in the tube 17, an additional fire transfer element 20 is ignited, the combustion products of which knock out (burn) the cover 8. In addition, flowing around the bell 18, the flow of extinguishing agent 5 increases the area of erechnogo section after its exit from the housing 1, and this improvement is achieved by spraying.

 Thus, the tube-shaped fire-transfer element also allows the lid to be opened before the fire-extinguishing powder is ejected without compression, and the presence of a bell facing the lid can improve the spraying of the fire-extinguishing agent.

 In FIG. 3 shows a possible embodiment of the proposed fire extinguisher according to the ninth claim, which consists of a housing 1; bottom 2; propellant charge 3 and the primer 4; extinguishing agent 5, separated from the propellant charge 3 by the forming membrane 6. In contrast to the prototype, a lining 21 of combustible material is applied or glued to the inner surface of the housing 1, the burning rate of which exceeds the burning rate of the propellant charge 3.

 The operation of the fire extinguisher is as follows.

 After actuation of the igniter capsule 4, the propellant charge 3 and the lining of the combustible material 21 start to burn. The gases generated from the burning of the lining 21 open the lid 8 on the inner surface of the housing before the extinguishing agent 5 is released from the gases generated by the burning of the propellant 3.

 Thus, the lining, forming a single combustion chain, allows you to use the energy of the propellant charge only to release the extinguishing agent without compressing it, which simplifies the design and increases the reliability of operation, and hence the effectiveness of the fire extinguisher. Moreover, when the lining is burning along the wall of the casing, there is an additional "fluffing" of the extinguishing agent, for example, powder, which increases the efficiency of the fire extinguisher.

 The above examples of the structural implementation of the proposed fire extinguisher do not exhaust all cases of application of the invention, but are only an illustration of it. In practice, variants with another combination of the main features of the invention can be used without violating the main idea of the proposed technical solution.

 The proposed fire extinguisher allows you to quickly and effectively suppress the fire, therefore it is useful to use it as an operational means of primary fire extinguishing.

Claims (9)

 1. A fire extinguisher containing a cylindrical body, at the bottom of which is placed a propellant charge, an igniter capsule, fire extinguishing agent, a lid, a percussion mechanism attached to the bottom of the body with the possibility of reciprocating movement, characterized in that a recess filled with a propellant is made in the bottom of the body charge, covered by a thin forcing destructible membrane and connected by a channel to the shock-igniter capsule, and the shock mechanism is attached to the bottom of the body by means of shock absorbing and fastening elements.  2. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the percussion mechanism is made in the form of a disk mounted with a gap relative to the bottom of the body and containing the striker facing the bottom of the body.  3. The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the percussion mechanism is made in the form of an elastic plate fastened to the bottom of the body and containing the striker facing the bottom of the body.  4. The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the percussion mechanism is attached to the bottom of the housing with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movement, while at the bottom of the housing is made at least one channel with an igniter capsule and at least one through hole, and the percussion mechanism contains strikers in an amount equal to the sum of the channels and holes.  5. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a spray made in the form of radial rods rigidly fastened to the housing.  6. The fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a spray made in the form of at least one plate fixed to the body, the total area of which is less than the cross-sectional area of the body.  7. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a fire transfer element connecting the propellant charge to the cover.  8. Fire extinguisher according to paragraphs. 1 and 7, characterized in that the fire-transfer element is made in the form of a tube, at the end of which a bell is directed towards the lid.  9. Fire extinguisher according to paragraphs. 1 and 7, characterized in that the fire-transfer element is made in the form of a lining, applied or applied to the inner surface of the housing.

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