RU2069945C1 - Method and apparatus for protecting crops from light frost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agrometeorology. SUBSTANCE: method involves detecting air layer above zone of supposed light frost, where wind speed ranges from 1 to 5 m/sec; forming smoke screen in air layer, with screen tails running across wind direction at flying speed of 3-15 m/sec. Apparatus has motorized paraplane with smoke generator. Paraplane has two thermal flux detectors, one facing downward to Earth surface and other facing in the direction of zenith. Smoke generator is positioned between pilot's cabin and rotor disposed behind cabin. Paraplane has flexible carrier wing formed as gliding parachute. EFFECT: increased efficiency and enhanced reliability in operation. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of active effects on hydrometeorological processes and can be used in the national economy to protect crops from frost.

 There are various ways to protect crops from frost using land heating and the surrounding air / 1,2 /.

 Known methods are not effective enough to protect large areas due to significant labor costs and can only be used to protect small areas such as summer cottages and small farms.

 The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of protecting crops from frost by forming a smoke screen over the zone of predicted frosts using an aircraft / 3 /.

 When implementing the known method, a specially equipped aircraft is used, which, with the help of a sprayer, throws out a large amount of chlorine tin over the protected area. The latter, combining with water vapor of air, forms a thick foggy curtain that gradually settles over the protected area.

 The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency, due to significant labor costs and the fact that the formation of a fog cover over the zone of predicted frost is carried out without taking into account wind speed, which leads to either premature removal of the fog cover from the earth's surface in case the wind speed is significant or fog cover continues to cover the ground and is not demolished from its surface due to the lack of surface wind. In both cases, the earth's surface does not warm up in the morning rays and, while continuing to cool, freezes.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the protection of crops from frost.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method of protecting crops from frost, including the formation of a smokescreen above the zone of predicted frosts with the help of an aircraft, the wind direction and its velocity profile in height are preliminarily determined and an air layer limited by height is detected over this zone wind speeds of 1 and 5 m / s, and the formation of a smokescreen is carried out in the specified air layer by plumes that are transverse to the direction of the wind at a flight speed of advantages It is 8-15 m / s.

 Figure 1 presents the layout of the air corridor, limited by threshold levels of wind speeds, for the formation of a smokescreen; figure 2 General view of the aircraft for the formation of a smoke screen; in FIG. 3 diagram of the movement of the aircraft in the zone of formation of the smokescreen.

 A method of protecting crops from frost is implemented as follows.

 During the period of predicted frosts, just before sunset, the direction of the wind and the profile of its speed in height are determined by the standard method. Then determine the height (h) of the air corridor (Fig. 1), limited by threshold levels of wind speed of 1 and 5 m / s, as well as the height to its lower border (N). Then, after sunset, they begin to form a smokescreen over the protected area. For this purpose, an aircraft is used (Fig. 2), made in the form of a motorized crash, in which there is a motorized carriage 1, equipped with a cockpit 2, a power plant 3 and a flexible carrier wing 9 made in the form of a parachute. Behind the cockpit 2 there is a rotor 4. A smoke generator 5 is placed between the rotor 4 and the cockpit 2. The paraglider is equipped with two heat flux sensors 6 and 7 attached to the rod 8, with the lower sensor 6 facing down to the ground and the second upper 7 sent to the zenith.

During the formation of the smoke screen, the pilot lifts the paraglider into the air and enters the air corridor, limited in height by threshold levels of wind speed of 1 and 5 m / s (Fig. 1) and includes a smoke generator 5. The formation of the smoke screen over the protected area is carried out with the windward its sides (Fig. 3) perpendicular to the direction of the wind transversely arranged by trains. At the same time, the pilot, using on-board equipment, ensures the flight altitude and thereby ensures the movement of the paraglider along the established air corridor. When the smoke screen is formed, the paraglider follows in a straight line corresponding to the width of the protected area, then turns around 180 ^o C and follows back. Thus, longitudinal smoke plumes are formed on the edge of the protected area along its entire width, which are mixed with the help of a drive screw 4 and moved towards the protected area by the wind, forming a protective smoke layer. With large lengths of the protected area, the latter is divided into sections, each of which is independently processed by another paraglider. When a smoke screen is formed using heat flow sensors, its density is monitored. In this case, the density of the smoke screen is selected so that the difference in heat fluxes from the earth and the atmosphere, measured above the smoke screen, is zero. Under these conditions, all the energy radiated by the surface of the earth is reflected by the smoke screen back to the ground, which ensures a stable temperature level that excludes freezing. The process of forming a smoke screen is terminated somewhat earlier than sunrise to ensure that the wind is blown away from the protected area of the smoke screen by the time the first rays of the sun appear. Under these conditions, from the moment the sun rises, the soil warms up and the need for a smokescreen disappears.

 The proposed method allows to increase the efficiency of protecting crops from frost due to the formation of a smokescreen in the air layer with plumes that are transverse to the wind direction and at wind speeds in the surface layer of 1 5 m / s.

 The aircraft used in this case, made in the form of a paraglider and equipped with heat flow sensors and a smoke generator, allows you to control the density of the smoke curtain and, if necessary, adjust its thickness, significantly reducing the main labor costs associated with protecting crops from frost.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of protecting crops from frost, including the formation of a smoke screen over the zone of predicted frosts using an aircraft, characterized in that the wind direction and the profile of its speed in height are determined above the zone of predicted frosts and an air layer limited in height is detected over this zone wind speeds of 1 and 5 m / s, and the formation of a smoke curtain is carried out in the specified air layer by plumes transverse to the wind direction at a flight speed of mainly 8 15 m / s  2. Device for protecting crops from frost, containing an aircraft with a smoke generator installed on it, characterized in that the aircraft is made in the form of a motor-protector, in which there is a motor-car with a power plant, a cockpit for the pilot, a flexible carrier wing in the form of a gliding parachute and located behind the cockpit and the rotor, and the paraglider is equipped with two heat flux sensors, one of which is facing down to the surface of the Earth, and the other to zenith.

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