RU2065489C1 - Method of solid soap making - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soap manufacture. SUBSTANCE: anion-active substance consisting of mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at ratio from 30:70 to 12: 88 is added to fatty-acid composition at initial neutralization stage at amount 30-40 wt.-% of total fat component amount. Then mixture is neutralized with alkaline agents, desalted, polished, settled, subsoap glue is removed, dried and soap mass is treated mechanically. EFFECT: high quality of solid soap obtained. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of solid soap, intended for both sanitary and hygiene purposes, and for household needs.

A number of known methods for producing solid soap, for example laundry. This is the neutralization by alkaline agents of the fatty acid composition, to which a eutectic mixture of high titer components with low titer natural fatty acids is introduced in a ratio of 4: 1-6: 1, and grinding the soap mass is carried out with water at a temperature of 40-60 ^o C to the content of sodium chloride in the amount of 2-11% from synthetic fatty acids of the C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ fraction introduced during saponification, the soap mass is dried under vacuum at a spray speed of 430-470 g / s (ed. certificate N 1350171, class C 11D 13/02).

There is a method of producing laundry soap, where fatty acids containing stearic acid in an amount of 6-18% by weight are subjected to neutralization with alkaline agents, the bleach is introduced into the soap mass in a hydrodynamic mode, with a Reynolds number of 1050-7750, drying is carried out in a vacuum drying tower at the temperature of the water in the shirt 30-40 ^o C.

 The disadvantages of these methods is the low washing ability of the resulting solid soap in cold water, the insufficient speed of the process of saponification of fatty components.

 The prototype of the claimed invention is a method for producing solid soap, including the neutralization of a mixture of fatty acids with alkaline agents (calcined and caustic soda), adjustment, saponification, salting out, grinding, settling with removal of soap glue, drying, machining, including mixing with additives, sawing (" Guidance on the technology for the production and processing of vegetable oils and fats "vol. IV, pp. 195-197, Leningrad, 1975).

 The disadvantage of this method is also the low washing ability of the resulting solid soap in cold water, the duration of the process of obtaining solid soap, associated with insufficient rate of neutralization of fatty acids.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the washing ability of the resulting solid soap in cold water and accelerate the process of neutralizing fatty acids. To do this, in the fatty acid composition at the initial stage of neutralization, an anionic substance in the amount of 30-40 wt. of the total amount of fatty components, consisting of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in a ratio of 30:70 to 12:88.

 An anoactive substance is a mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids, neutral fat, unsaponifiable substances, free alkali, obtained at concentration of stocks from alkaline refining of light vegetable oils and salomas and produced according to TU 10.04.30-90 "Concentrate concentrate". The total fat content in the concentrate is at least 75%. The saturated fat (acid, palmitic, stearic) fatty acids and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic) fatty acids used for the production of solid soap in a ratio of 30:70 to 12:88 are used in the fatty acid mixture.

 Anionic substance is used in the soap formulation in an amount of 30-40 wt. of the total amount of fatty components (in terms of dry 100% substance).

 It is known that the purpose of solid soap is to have a good washing effect, which determines the concentration of soap in the solution, the influence of various additives, the temperature of the water in which the soap is used, and, to a greater extent, the natural fat composition of the soap.

The solid soap currently being produced according to the standard TU 10-02-04-39-89 "Laundry solid household soap" has a small washing ability at a temperature of 20 ^o C and therefore finds its main application when used in hot water.

 It is known that the washing ability is characterized by two main properties: surface activity and surface strength, i.e. on the one hand, the ability of soaps to adsorb along the interface and lower the surface tension of water, creating a wetting ability of the solution, on the other hand, the ability of soaps to firmly hold solid and liquid impurities, preventing the adhesion of the latter to the surface being cleaned.

 "Complex washing action" is determined by the surface tension of water, the initial volume of foam, emulsifying ability of solutions.

 It is also known that the washing action or surface activity of solutions of pure individual soaps obtained from the sodium salts of saturated (palmitic, stearic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic) fatty acids is determined by the maximum surface tension in the region of low concentrations of soap in the solution, and the maximum foaming and emulsifying the ability is determined by surface tension in the region of high concentrations corresponding to saturation of the surface layer by molecules.

Sodium salts of saturated (palmitic, stearic) fatty acids are solid and practically anactive at a temperature of 20 ^o C, being due to their insolubility at low temperatures in a suspended state, while at a temperature of 60 ^o C, passing to a high degree of dispersion, they sharply reduce the surface water tension, increasing foaming ability, i.e. increasing surface activity and cleansing effect.

Sodium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic) are in a liquid state at a temperature of 20 ^o C have good solubility, in this regard, the tension decreases, the foaming ability, the stability of the foam increases. The surface tension at 60 ^{° C. is} slightly lower than at 20 ^{° C.} That is, the washing properties are high both at 20 ^{° C.} and at 60 ^° C.

The washing action or surface activity of solid soap solutions obtained from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid sodium salts in a ratio of 56: 44 (prototype of Table 2), at a temperature of 20 ^o C, is determined by the presence of only unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids, being insoluble at this temperature, do not participate in the washing action, at a temperature of 60 ^o With the same soap solutions have increased surface active properties (foaming ability, stability of emulsions) and the surface tension of water is reduced.

 Used in the invention anionic substance introduced into the fat formulation of soaps in an amount of 30-40 wt. and containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in a ratio of 30:70 to 12:88 (Table 1), increases the surface activity (washing ability) of soap solutions due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids.

 Table 1 presents the formulation of solid soap obtained according to the invention and the characteristics of this soap.

Table 2 shows the physico-chemical characteristics of soap solutions obtained from samples by the proposed method, at a temperature of 20 ^o C and 60 ^o C, working concentrations of 0.0625% 0.125% 0.250%
Soap solutions at 20 ^o C samples of solid soap 2,3,4,5 (table. 2) are characterized by a decrease in the surface tension of water, an increase in the initial volume of the foam, the stability of the emulsion compared to the soap solution obtained by the prototype at the same temperature. When the temperature of the washing action of the solution of these samples is increased to 60 ^o С, the physicochemical parameters characterizing the washing ability (surface tension, initial volume of foam, emulsifying ability) are at the level of indicators of soap solutions as at a temperature of 20 ^o С.

 The washing action of the solutions of the solid soap sample No. 1 is at the level of the washing action of the solution of the solid soap sample obtained according to the prototype (Table 2) i.e. the washing ability of soap in cold water is low, which does not correspond to the claimed method.

 Sample N 5 according to organoleptic indicators does not meet the requirements of technical conditions, i.e. the consistency of the soap is soft, sticky, the surface of the piece is dull.

 It is known that saponification of fat components is associated with a sharp increase in the viscosity of the saponified mass, which slows down the saponification process.

 The technological process for the production of solid soap according to the claimed method occurs due to the acceleration of the saponification of fat components during the saponification process in one apparatus (boiler), where an anionic substance containing sodium salts of fatty acids, free alkali is used at the initial stage of neutralization, which ensures the interaction of fat molecules and alkaline agent in “mild” conditions, under which “acid” soaps practically do not form and the viscosity of the reaction mass during the entire saponification process is not increases the viscosity of the finished base, (15 Pa.s), which leads to an acceleration of the process of saponification of the soap mass (table. N 1).

 The method is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1. The necessary amount of 28-30% solution of soda ash or 40-44% solution of caustic soda is pumped into the soap boiler with a pump, and 30 wt. anionic substances (of the total amount of saponifiable fat components), where the content of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated is 30:70.

 Saponified mass is salted out with dry common salt, adding it in an amount of 10% of the soap mass, and adjusted for the main indicators.

 After 2-3 hours of settling, the soapy liquor is drained, the mass is heated and the remaining fatty components are fed according to the recipe (Table 1) with a continuous stream with the simultaneous supply of solutions of alkaline agents. The mass is mixed with hot steam. In the process of saponification, an excess of alkali is maintained up to 0.5%. Having completely neutralized the fatty acids, the mass is dried out with dry common salt and ground with hot water. The resulting soap mass is defended and the soapstone glue is removed.

 Ready soap base should contain, by weight.

fatty acids not less than 63.0,
free caustic alkali not more than 1.0,
free carbonic soda not more than 0.3,
sodium chloride not more than 0.7.

 The finished soap base is pumped to a soap collector, from where it is served for drying and machining.

The dried soap mass in the form of chips should contain: mass fraction of fatty acids not less than 74.0% mass fraction of free caustic alkali not more than 0.1%
Machining involves mixing the dried mass with additives: double mass sawing, cutting, stamping a bar of soap.

 Additives whitewash, antioxidant, plasticizer, perfume, perfume oil, in accordance with the soap formulation, are introduced into the dispenser tank, from where the mixture of additives is pumped to the auger of the mixer machine, then they are mixed with soap chips. After double sawing, the soap mass leaves the machine in the form of a bar, which is fed to cutting and stamping.

 Example 2. The necessary amount of a 28-30% solution of calcined or 40-44% solution of caustic soda is pumped into a soap boiler with a pump, and 35 wt. anionic substances (of the total amount of saponifiable fatty components), where the content of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated is 21:79.

 Further technology for the production of solid soap is similar to example 1.

 Example 3. In a soap boiler with a pump, the required amount of a 28-30% solution of soda ash or 40-44% solution of caustic soda is pumped and 40 wt. anionic substances (of the total amount of saponifiable fat components), where the content of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids is 12:88.

 Further technology for the production of solid soap is similar to example 1.

 Thus, the introduction into the fat formulation of a solid soap anionic substances in an amount of 30-40 wt. of the total amount of fatty components, consisting of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in a ratio of 30: 70 to 12:88, increases the washing ability of soap in cold water, accelerates the process of neutralizing fatty acids. TTT1 TTT2

Claims (1)

 A method of obtaining a solid soap, including the neutralization of fat components with alkaline agents, salting out, grinding, settling with removal of soap glue, drying and mechanical treatment of the soap mass, characterized in that an anionic substance in the amount of 30-40 is introduced into the fatty acid composition at the initial stage of neutralization wt. of the total amount of fatty components, consisting of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in a ratio of 30:70 to 12:88.

Images