RU2045358C1 - Device for separation of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: concentration of materials; applicable in construction, chemical, mining and other industries. SUBSTANCE: device for separation of loose materials has body whose upper part accommodates loading inlet, thrower and baffle, fixed deflecting plates installed under thrower. One plate is connected with body wall opposite to wall with baffle, and the other plate is located between deflecting plate connected with body wall and baffle and has deflecting surfaces. Installed in body lower part are discharge outlets with shut-off and regulating members, air intake inlet, branch pipes of aspiration system, separating grate, redistribution chamber with discharge outlets and shut-off and regulating members located under separating grate and adjacent side. Installed under outlets are sieves of fine separation of fine and coarse fractions of material with inclination towards inclination of separating grate. Bypass collector is brought to lower edge of deflecting plate connected with body wall and in form of trough having form of angle with top located along axis of trough symmetry. Bypass collector is directed with its one end towards deflecting plate with deflecting surfaces and with its other end communicating with under-sieve space. Air intake inlets and bypass collector are provided with shut-off and regulating members. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the enrichment of materials and can be used in construction, chemical, mining industry and other sectors of the economy.

 There are various devices for the separation of bulk materials using shock dynamic effects. As a rule, they contain an accelerating device and a baffle plate mounted in a dynamic chamber, as well as an aspiration system for removing dusty impurities from this chamber [1,2] The disadvantages of these devices are the design complexity, high energy consumption, low quality of cleaning and sorting of the material.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a device for separating bulk materials, comprising a housing, a loading nozzle located in the upper part of the housing, a thrower, a baffle plate located on the housing wall opposite the thrower, fixed reflective plates installed under the thrower, one of which is connected to the wall of the casing opposite the wall with the baffle plate, and the other is placed between the reflective plate connected to the wall of the casing and the baffle plate opposite to it, the separation grill, discharge port and nozzle of the aspiration system located in the lower part of the housing [2] The disadvantages of the device are that it does not provide the required quality of material enrichment due to insufficient dynamic effects on the material: the contaminants coming in with the material are not completely separated from grains of material and removed into the suction system, the separation of the conditioned material into fractions does not occur.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and quality of enrichment of the material, its separation into fractions due to the intensification of shock-dynamic effects and regulation of material and air flows.

 This is achieved by the fact that the device for separating bulk materials, comprising a housing located in the upper part of the housing, a loading nozzle, a thrower, a breaker shield located on the wall of the housing opposite the thrower, fixed reflective plates installed under the thrower, one of which is connected to the housing wall, opposite wall with a baffle plate, and the other is placed between the baffle plate connected to the wall of the housing, and the baffle plate opposite to it, located in the lower part of the housing The linen grill, the discharge nozzle and the nozzle of the aspiration system are equipped with redistribution chambers with discharge nozzles, fine separation screens for coarse and fine fractions, nozzles for removing small fractions of the material, air intake nozzles, an air bypass manifold, shut-off and control elements, and the redistribution chambers are installed under the separation the grating and the adjacent side of the top of the chambers are connected to the lower end of the dividing grating, fine sieves are installed with a slope ohm in the direction of inclination of the separation grill and placed under the discharge nozzles of the redistribution chambers, the air intake nozzles are installed on the housing wall opposite to the fine separation sieves, and the bypass air collector is connected at one end to the sieve space of the fine separation sieve and the other end is brought to the lower edge a reflective plate connected to the wall of the housing, and is directed towards the reflective plate, located opposite the baffle plate, while connected I with the wall of the body, the reflective plate is made in the form of a tray having a cross-section in the form of an angle with a vertex located on the axis of symmetry, and the reflective plate, placed opposite the baffle plate, is made with baffle surfaces.

 In addition, the locking and adjusting elements are installed on the discharge pipes, discharge pipes of the redistribution chambers and pipes for air intake, the end of the bypass air manifold.

 Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 An analysis of the known technical solutions showed that the technical solutions known to the claimed distinctive features are known in the art. These include dry enrichment devices and material classifiers, however, they do not provide an intensive regime of shock-dynamic effects, which contributes to the effective separation of contaminants from grains with their simultaneous removal and separation of the material into classes. In the claimed technical solution, the goal is achieved not only by introducing new elements, their execution, but also by interconnection, which is a new set that differs from the known ones, which allows us to establish compliance with the criterion of "significant differences".

 The proposed technical solution due to these distinguishing features allows to improve the quality of cleaning the material from contaminants, and to divide the material into fractions.

 In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of the device; figure 2 is a view along arrow A in figure 1; figure 3 view along arrow B in figure 1.

 The device comprises a housing 1, including the upper 2 and lower 3 parts of the housing. In the upper part 2 of the housing 1 there is a loading nozzle 4, a thrower 5, a baffle plate 6, a stationary reflective plate 7, a stationary reflective plate 8 with upper 9 and lower 10 baffle surfaces. In the lower part 3 of the housing 1 there is a separation grill 11 with transfer elements 12, redistribution chambers 13 and 14 with discharge nozzles 15 and locking and regulating elements 16, fine separation sieves of fine 17 and large 18 fractions of material, discharge nozzles of small fractions: respectively fine 19 and intermediate 20, discharge pipe 21 of a large fraction of the material, locking and regulating elements 22 located on the discharge pipes, air intake pipes 23 and 24, ventilation grille 25, locking and adjusting electric cops in the flowpath 26, the bypass manifold 27, tube 28, the aspiration system (not shown).

 The supply of the device bypass manifold 27, brought to the lower edge of the reflective plate 7, made in the form of a tray, as well as the implementation of the reflective plate 8 with the baffle surfaces 9 and 10 provide the intensification of shock-dynamic effects on the material and improving the quality of separation of impurities from it. Redistribution chambers 13 and 14 with locking and adjusting elements 16 installed on them provide reliable control of material flows on fine separation screens of coarse 18 and fine 17 fractions. The placement of the air intake pipes 23 and 24 opposite the screens of fine separation of the fine 17 and large 18 fractions, as well as the installation of locking and regulating devices 26 on the pipes 23 and 24, provides for the adjustment of the air flows supplied to the screens of fine separation of the fine 17 and large 18 fractions, which is achieved better separation of the material into fractions.

 The device operates as follows. The enriched material through the loading pipe 4 enters a rotating thrower 5, the blades of which move into the cavity of the upper part 2 of the housing 1, hit the ribbed surface of the baffle plate 6, crushed and, reflected from the baffle plate, fall on the upper ribbed surface 9 of the reflective partition 8, and then falls on the separation grid 11, sequentially moving along its overflow elements 12 into the redistribution chamber 13. In the process of moving the material between the baffle plate 6 and the reflective partition 8 p multiple collisions of particles with each other occur. The particles of material that have fallen onto the reflection plate 7 move to its center, as a result of which a material flow is formed, which simultaneously moves to the lower edge of the reflection plate, which is then guided by the air flow coming from the bypass manifold 27 to the lower baffle surface 10 of the reflection plate 8. Reflected from the plate 8, the particles of material fall on the separation grid 11 and in the total flow move into the chamber 13.

 Moving along the overflow elements 12 of the separation grill 11, the material is blown through the air flow entering through the ventilation grill 25 and the bypass manifold 27. The flow intensity is controlled by shut-off and adjustment elements 26 mounted on the grill 25 and the collector 27. As a result of the action of air flows, the material particles and dust enters the under-lattice space of the separation lattice 11. As a result of a sharp change in the flow rate, larger particles fall into the redistribution camera 14, and fine particles and dust are removed through pipe 28 to the suction system (not shown).

 From the redistribution chambers 13 and 14, the material flows adjusted by the locking and adjusting devices 16 are directed to fine separation sieves of fine 17 and coarse 18 fractions, respectively, and are moved along the filling elements of these sieves to the discharge pipes 20 and 21 of the corresponding material fractions. On a fine separation sieve of coarse fraction 18, smaller particles are captured by the air flow entering through the air intake pipe 24 and sent to the backfill space, where the larger particles that have fallen are deposited in the discharge pipe 20, and small particles and dust in the air stream move to the thin separation of the fine fraction 17 and collide with the flow of material moving along the sieve.

 In the sieve space of the fine separation sieve of the coarse fraction 18, a combined air stream is formed, blown through the sieve 18 and entering through the air intake pipe 21. This material is exposed to the material moving along the overflow elements of the fine separation sieve of the fine fraction 17. Fine particles and dust fall into the sieve the space where small particles fall into the discharge pipe 19, and dust in the air flows through the bypass manifold 27 to the lower part 3 of the housing 1 and then through the separation the lattice 11 in the suction system (not shown).

 Fractionated material through the discharge pipes 19, 20, 21 and locking and regulating device 22 is removed from the device.

 The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed device is as follows: provides a better separation of contaminants from the material; separation of the enriched material into fractions is provided; improves the quality of separation of the material.

Claims (2)

 1. DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF BULK MATERIALS, comprising a housing, a loading nozzle located in the upper part of the housing, a thrower, a baffle plate located on the housing wall opposite the thrower, fixed reflective plates mounted under the thrower, one of which is connected to the housing wall opposite the wall with a baffle plate, and the other is placed between the baffle plate connected to the wall of the housing and the baffle plate opposite to it, the separation grid located in the lower part of the housing is unloaded the main pipe and the pipe of the aspiration system, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the separation of the material due to the intensification of shock-dynamic and aeration influences and regulating the flow of material and air, it is equipped with redistribution chambers with discharge pipes, fine separation screens of coarse and fine fractions, nozzles for removing small fractions of the material, nozzles for air intake, air bypass manifold, locking and adjustment elements, and redistribution chambers are installed under the separating grill and the adjacent side of the top of the chambers are connected to the lower end of the separating grill, fine separation sieves are installed with a slope towards the inclination of the separating grill and placed under the discharge nozzles of the redistribution chambers, air intake nozzles are installed on the wall of the casing opposite the fine separation sieves, and the bypass the air collector is connected at one end to the sieve space of the fine separation sieve and the other end is brought to the lower edge e of the reflective plate connected to the wall of the casing and directed towards the reflective plate placed opposite the baffle plate, while the reflective plate connected to the wall of the casing is made in the form of a tray having a cross-section in the form of an angle with an apex located on the axis of symmetry of the tray, and a reflective plate placed opposite the baffle plate is made with bump surfaces.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking and regulating elements are installed on the discharge pipes of the redistribution chambers and pipes for air intake, the end of the bypass air manifold.