RU2041494C1 - Device for situation-based control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automation and computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: expected code of situation which is generated due to analysis of interaction between controlled object and controlling device, is compared to signals that are generated by controlled object during its operations in response to codes of instructions generated by controlling device. When expected and received signals do not match, error is detected. device has two registers, control and instruction code generation unit and checking unit. EFFECT: increased fidelity of situation-based control, simplified design, checking correctness of interaction between controlled object and controlling unit, real-time control, increased field of application. 6 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to automation and computer technology and can be used in control systems with a discrete nature of the technological cycle.

 A device for monitoring dynamic complex systems containing two registers, a memory unit, a clock, a group of elements EXCLUSIVE OR, a group of elements AND, two elements OR. The device recognizes critical situations associated with inadequate normal functioning of the dynamics of the control object. The control is based on the analysis of the transition invariant. A transitional invariant is a binary vector that contains units in all those digits that coincide in two adjacent feature vectors of the situation. The disadvantages of this device include the low reliability of control due to the incompleteness of the transition invariant. In addition, the device lacks the formation of control signals, therefore, it cannot be used for control.

 The closest in essence and technical implementation to the proposed invention is a known device for situational monitoring and control, selected as a prototype. Its functional diagram is shown in FIG. 1. The prototype contains the first 1 and second 2 registers, the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 and the control unit 4, and the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 contains a generator 3.1, a mode control unit 3.2, a counter 3.3 and a first memory device 3.4, and a unit control 4 contains the second 4.1 and third 4.2 storage devices, the first 4.3 and second 4.4 comparison blocks, the first 4.5 and second 4.6 element groups I.

 The prototype controls the object and implements the control of situational dynamics by analyzing the transition invariant. By the transition invariant we mean a binary vector containing units in all those digits that coincide in two adjacent vectors of features of the situation. A transition is unacceptable if, from the situation Si 1, when the control command R (Si) was implemented, the controlled system switched to such a situation Si that the bits of the code of the situation D (Si 1) defined by the transition invariant Q (Si 1) changed. A change in these discharges indicates that the "object control device" system functions in an unpredictable manner and external intervention is required. In this case, the operation of the control device is blocked.

 The prototype works as follows. The binary vector (situation code) D (Si 1) from the control object is fed to the information inputs of the first register 1. At the time the search for the previous control command ends, the output of the first comparison block 4.3 displays a single signal. At the same time, the same signal appears at the output of the comparison block 4.4, since the situation codes arriving at this moment at the inputs of the first 4.5 and 4.6 of the second group of AND elements coincide. At the same time, the mode control unit 3.2 transfers the prototype to the polling mode, i.e., it starts to pass pulses from the 3.1 generator to the sync inputs of the first 1 and second 2 registers. On the trailing edge of each pulse, the control command code is written from the control unit and the command codes 3 are generated in the second register 2 and the current situation code is in the first register 1. If the current situation code coming from the first register 1 matches the situation code coming from the second storage device 4.1, then the outputs of the first 4.3 and second 4.4 comparison blocks still remain single signals, and the survey continues.

 When changing the code of the current situation, a zero signal appears at the output of the first comparison block 4.3, since the situation codes received at the first and second group of inputs of the first comparison block 4.3 no longer coincide. In this case, on the first 4.5 and second 4.6 groups of elements And, a logical multiplication of the binary vector D (Si), coming from the first register 1, and the vector of the previous situation, Si 1, coming from the control unit and generating command codes 3 to the transition invariant Q (Si 1 ) coming from the third storage device 4.2.

 If D (Si) Q (Si 1) D (Si 1) Q (Si 1), then the output of the second block of comparison 4.4 will remain a single signal. In this case, the mode control unit 3.2 puts the device into search mode, that is, it stops transmitting pulses from the generator 3.1 to the sync inputs of the first 1 and second 2 registers and starts passing them to the counting input of the counter 3.3. On the trailing edge of the next pulse, its content increases by 1, providing a sequential sampling of R (Si 1), D (Si 1) and Q (Si 1) from the first, second and third storage devices, respectively. The address counter works cyclically, providing a sequential sampling of all situation codes D (Si 1) and all vectors R (Si 1) and Q (Si1). When the vector D (Si 1) coincides with the current situation vector D (Si) stored in the first register 1, a single signal appears at the output of the first comparison block 4.3. At the same time, a single signal appears at the output of the second comparison block 4.4, and the process repeats.

 If, when changing the code of the current situation at any step, the condition D (Si) Q (Si 1) D (Si 1) Q (Si 1) is not satisfied, then the output of the second block of comparison 4.4 will display a zero signal. In this case, the mode control unit 3.2 generates a zero signal at the “Control” output, indicating an inadequate response of the control object in the Si situation to the control action with the command code R (Si), puts the device into blocking mode, i.e. blocks the supply of pulses from the generator 3.1, and further work is stopped. Unlike the previous known device, the prototype, in addition to situational control, generates control actions in the form of command codes.

 The properties characterizing the prototype include, first of all, the low reliability of control, since the system of invariants controlled in the prototype is incomplete. For example, in the prototype, only those bits of the situation code are controlled that do not change their value, while those bits of the code of the situation whose values in the current situation are inverse compared to the previous situation or bits that take fixed values (0,1) are not controlled . In addition, the prototype can only control the correct sequence of receipt of the situation codes, and does not control the correctness of the submission of command codes, and, therefore, does not control the interaction of the control object and the device that generates the command codes. Another property of the prototype is the inability to work in real time, i.e. the prototype does not work at the pace of the control object, since the prototype provides for a search mode. Therefore, the scope of the application narrows, the prototype cannot work at high frequency, the interaction of the control object and the device that generates command codes, since in this case the search mode does not have time to work out completely.

 The invention solves the problem of creating a device with high reliability of control of situational dynamics and a high frequency of interaction between the control object and the device that generates command codes, which will expand the scope of the device.

 The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that in the inventive device for situational monitoring and control, containing the first and second registers, a control unit and the formation of command codes and made in the form of ROM control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the control unit mode and the formation of command codes while the information outputs of the first register are connected to the first group of inputs of the control unit, the synchronizing output of the control unit and the formation of command codes is connected to the synchronization inputs of the first and the second registers, the group of information outputs of the control unit and the formation of command codes is connected to the information inputs of the second register, the signaling output of the control unit and the formation of command codes is the output of the “Control” signal of the device, and the control and generation of command codes contains a generator, an And element, and a memory a device, the group of information outputs of which are outputs of the control unit and the formation of command codes, the first input of the element And is connected to the output of the generator, The following connections were finally introduced: the information outputs of the first register are connected to the group of information inputs of the control unit and the formation of command codes, the group of information outputs of which is connected to the second group of information inputs of the control unit, and a third register and a second storage device are entered into the control and generation of command codes, the information output of which is connected to the information inputs of the third register, the outputs of which are connected to the first groups of inputs of the first and second memory devices, the second groups of inputs of which are connected to the information inputs of the control unit and the formation of command codes, the output of the AND element is connected to the synchronization input of the third register.

 The technical result is a high reliability of situational control, simplification of the device, the ability to control the correctness of the interaction of the control object and the device that generates command codes, providing a real time scale for situational control and management. This allows you to expand the scope of this device and apply it, for example, in the field of functional control of microprocessor systems, and not only in the field of control of situational dynamics when managing objects with a discrete nature of the technological cycle.

 Improving the reliability of control is achieved due to the completeness of the controlled invariants, which are the values of the bits in the codes of the previous and current situations. The command code sets the value of a specific bit of the code of the current situation, changing the value of this bit in the code of the previous situation. In this case, five types of changes in the value of the binary digit are possible: 1) inversion; 2) setting the constant 0; 3) setting the constant 1; 4) no change; 5) change in a non-deterministic way.

 The prototype controls the absence of changes in the values of the digits in the codes of the previous and current situations. In the claimed invention, the first four types of changes listed above are controlled. For each command code, a set of prohibited situation codes is searched for and an error function is generated, the value of which is entered in the control unit, made in the form of ROM. Addressing ROM cells is carried out by two groups of address inputs. The first group of address inputs is connected to the information outputs of the register storing the current situation code, and the second group is connected to the group of information outputs of the control unit and the formation of command codes. In addition, these signs of the claimed invention provide control of the correct interaction of the control object and the device generating the command codes, since when flashing the ROM of the control unit, the influence of the commands on the state of the control object is taken into account. Moreover, as a control object and a device generating command codes, it is possible to use the functional components of a microprocessor system, which leads to the expansion of the scope of the device.

 In order to provide real-time situational control and real-time control in the control unit and generate prototype command codes, the counter that provided the search mode was excluded, and a microprogram automaton implemented on the ROM forming the transition function and the register included in ROM feedback circuit.

 In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a prototype; in FIG. 2 functional diagrams of the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 and control unit 4 of the prototype, respectively; in FIG. 4 control unit mode 3.2, which is part of the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 prototype; in FIG. 5 is a functional diagram of the inventive device; in FIG. 6 control unit and the formation of command codes 3, which is part of the inventive device.

 The ROM firmware map of the first 3.4 and second 3.5 memory devices is presented in the table.

 The inventive device (Fig. 5) contains the first 1 and second 2 registers, a control unit and the formation of command codes 3 and a control unit 4. Moreover, the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 (Fig. 6) consists of a generator 3.1, element And 3.2, the third 3.3 register, the first 3.4 and the second 3.5 storage devices. The control unit 4 is implemented on ROM. The device input is the "Situation Code" bus, and the outputs are the "Command Code" bus and the "Control" signal.

Let us imagine a discrete system, which is a model of real processes, consisting of an operational device (OC) and a control device (OC) interacting through two unidirectional communication channels. Situation codes are transmitted from the op-amp, and command codes are sent from the op-amp. By the correct situational dynamics we mean the adequate response of the op-amp to the command codes generated by the op-amp. Actually valid situation codes may not be all possible codes of the situation, but only m codes forming the set G. This set can be determined by analyzing the processes that describe the behavior of the op-amp and the op-amp. In addition to the set G of valid situation codes, it is necessary to form the sets of valid situation codes G _i generated by the op-amp in response to the i-th command code. Then, each set is assigned two Boolean functions F and F ':
F _{i is a} function that determines whether a situation code belongs to an admissible set G _i ;
F _i 'is a function that determines whether a situation code is forbidden.

(T

& (

F

))

F′, где n количество вырабатываемых УУ кодов команд;
Т_i функция идентификации i-того кода команды, т.е. стробирование момента появления i-того кода команды.The error detection scheme can be described by the following Boolean function
F _OSH =

(T

& (

F

)))

F ′, where n is the number of generated command codes UE;
T _i identification function of the i-th command code, i.e. gating the moment the i-th command code appears.

The error function F _OSH is implemented by the control unit 2, and the functions UU generating command codes are implemented by the control unit 3 and the formation of command codes.

 The device operates as follows.

In the initial state, the second register 2 contains the initial command code extracted from the first memory device 3.4, which is part of the control unit and the formation of command codes 3, configured for operation in the polling mode, when the clock pulses arrive at the clock inputs of the first 1 and second 2 registers. In response to the command code, the op-amp generates a situation code that is input to the device. At the output of control unit 4, a unit level is set if this code is valid, that is, if F _osh 0.

If the situation code is forbidden, then at the output of control unit 4 a zero level (F _error 1) is set, which determines the blocking mode when the supply of clock pulses to the device registers ceases, and, therefore, further operation of the device stops.

 Consider the example in more detail the operation of the claimed device and the synthesis of codes to be written to the storage devices that are part of the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 and control unit 4.

 UU gives five-digit unitary codes of commands: Y0Y1Y2Y3Y4.

| ввод.30 _→ вывод. Y1 _→ С1
CO=(ввод.30 _→ вывод. Y0 _→ С0 ввод.32 _→ вывод. Y1 _→ С1)
CO=(ввод.03 _→ вывод. Y4 _→ С2 ввод.23 _→ вывод. Y3 _→ С0)
В ответ на коды команд ОУ вырабатывает пятиразрядный код ситуации: Х1Х2Х3Х4Х5.The behavior of SU is described as the behavior of three interacting processes C0, C1, C2. For each process, an acceptable set of situation codes is given: a (C0) 03.30.37} a (C1) 30.32} a (C2) = 03.23}
When describing the process [3], the following sign is used - >> and the sign of alternative OR
CO =

| input. 30 _ → output. Y1 _ → C1
CO = (input 30 _ → output. Y0 _ → С0 input 32 _ → output. Y1 _ → С1)
CO = (input 03 _ → output. Y4 _ → C2 input 23 _ → output. Y3 _ → C0)
In response to the command codes, the OS generates a five-digit situation code: X1X2X3X4X5.

Y

)))): Y2(X(k)& 30)
где Т_4i одноместные функции, аргументом каждой из которых является четвертая компонента кода ситуации;
Т_1i одноместные функции, аргументом каждой из которых является первая компонента кода ситуации; четыре функции Т_1i и аналогичные Т_4iзададим следующим образом: <0,0>, <1,0>}<0,1>, <1,1>} <0,1>, <1,0>}<0,0>, <1,1>}
Проанализировав описания УУ и ОУ, получаем следующие множества кодов ситуации:
G03,23,30,32,37}
G130,32}
G230,37}
G323,37}
G403,23} и соответствующие им функции:
F

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5

X

X

X

3

4 ∨ X1X2

3X5 ∨

2

3X4

5 ∨ X1

2X3 ∨
F₁= X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F₂= X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F₃=X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F₄=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5
F

= X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
Тогда функция ошибки будет иметь следующий вид:
F_ош= T₁(

∨ F

) ∨ T₂(

∨ F

) ∨ T₃(

∨ F

) ∨ T₄(

∨ F

) ∨ F′
Блок управления и формирования кодов команд 3 реализован в виде микропрограммного автомата (фиг. 6).The behavior of the op-amp is described in a recursive manner using the non-deterministic selection operator P: X (O) 03

Y

)))): Y2 (X (k) & 30)
where T _{4i are} unary functions, the argument of each of which is the fourth component of the situation code;
T _{1i are} unary functions, the argument of each of which is the first component of the situation code; we define four functions T _1i and similar T _4i as follows: <0,0>, <1,0>} <0,1>, <1,1>} <0,1>, <1,0>} <0 , 0>, <1,1>}
After analyzing the descriptions of the UE and OU, we obtain the following sets of situation codes:
G03,23,30,32,37}
G130.32}
G230.37}
G323.37}
G403.23} and their corresponding functions:
F

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5

X

X

X

3

4 ∨ X1X2

3X5 ∨

2

3X4

5 ∨ X1

2X3 ∨
F ₁ = X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F ₂ = X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F ₃ = X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5
F

=

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
F ₄ =

1

2

3X4X5 ∨ X1

2

3X4X5
F

= X1X2

3

4

5 ∨ X1X2

3X4

5 ∨ X1X2X3X4X5
Then the error function will have the following form:
F _OSH = T ₁ (

∨ F

) ∨ T ₂ (

∨ F

) ∨ T ₃ (

∨ F

) ∨ T ₄ (

∨ F

) ∨ F ′
The control unit and the formation of command codes 3 is implemented in the form of a firmware (Fig. 6).

 The third register 3.3 stores the code of the current process (state). Process C0 corresponds to code 0, process C1 code 1, process C2 code 2. The situation code is received at the input of the control unit and the generation of command codes 3. Depending on the code of the current process stored in the third register 3.3, the first 3.4 and second 3.5 memory devices generate the command code and the code for the next process, respectively. On the trailing edge of the clock pulse generated by the generator 3.1, a process code is written to the third register 3.3 from the output of the second memory device 3.5, and a new situation code is received at the input of the control unit and the generation of command codes 3.

 The command code generated by the control unit and the formation of command codes 3 and the opcode generated by the op-code are sent to control unit 4, which is implemented as a ROM that implements the error function and generates a single signal if there was no error, and a zero signal if the situation code refers to forbidden. When issuing a zero signal at the output of the control unit 4, the And 3.2 element, which is part of the control unit and the generation of command codes 3, blocks the receipt of clock pulses from the generator 3.1.

Writing to the ROM, which is a control unit 4, is carried out in such a way that the control unit 4 provides a single signal on the following octal sets arriving at the address inputs of the ROM; 1410,1404,1510,1744,1742,1142,1141,0041}
The remaining sets correspond to a zero signal at the output of control unit 4. Moreover, the situation code is fed to the five lower-order bits of the address inputs, and the command code to the five lower-order bits.

 ROM firmware cards of the first 3.4 and second 3.5 memory devices are presented in the table, respectively. Only those sets are shown in the table, the behavior of the automaton on which is determined, the remaining sets correspond to zero output values. The situation code is supplied to the five lower-order bits of the address inputs of the storage devices, and the process code to the two high-order bits. The lowest digit is the rightmost position of the digital representation, and the highest digit is the leftmost position.

 Introduction to the present invention of previously unknown relationships allows a positive effect, expressed in increasing the reliability of the device and expanding the scope.

 The increase in reliability occurs due to more complete control of situational dynamics and the removal of a number of elements from the device, which leads to a simplification of the device and, consequently, to a decrease in the likelihood of errors in the device.

 The extension of the scope is provided in particular by the possibility of the device operating at the op-amp rate.

Claims (1)

 DEVICE FOR SITUATIONAL CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT, containing the first register connected by the group of outputs to the first group of information inputs of the control unit, the second register, the control unit and the formation of command codes, including a clock pulse generator, the And element and the first memory block connected by the group of outputs to the group of information inputs of the second register, the group of outputs of which is the output "command code" of the device, which serves to connect the corresponding information input of the control object, information group the input of the first register is the information input of the device, which serves to connect the output "Situation code" of the control object, the output of the clock generator is connected to the first input of the And element, characterized in that a second memory block and a third register are entered into the control and formation of command codes and the control unit is made in the form of a block of situation code memory, the first group of address inputs of which is the first group of information inputs of the control node, the output of the situation code memory block is connected to the second the input of the And element connected by the output with the synchronizing inputs of the first and second registers and with the synchronizing input of the third register connected by the group of information inputs to the group of outputs of the second memory block, and by the group of outputs to the first groups of information inputs of the first and second memory blocks connected by the second groups of information inputs with the group of outputs of the first register, the group of outputs of the first memory block is connected to the second group of address inputs of the memory block of situation codes, the second input of the AND element is I signal output "control" devices.

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