RU2017950C1 - Method for determination of well zenith and sight angles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: well logging. SUBSTANCE: electrolytic transducer with two pairs of orthogonal electrodes are installed at definite angle along one of sensitivity axes. Transducer is heated (cooled) within operating temperature range. Measured simultaneously are signals of differentially connected orthogonal pairs of electrodes proportional to transmission factor and output signal proportional to electrical resistance of pair of orthogonal electrodes connected in parallel. Continuous dependence is established which is used for calculation of orthogonal components of well zenith angle in function of conversion. Output signal is used as proportional to only active or only reactive component of orthogonal pair of electrodes connected in parallel. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 7 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to geophysical surveys of wells.

 A known method for determining the deviation of boreholes [1], which is used to measure the zenith angle of the drill rod using sensitive sensor elements located in three mutually perpendicular planes. The Zenith angle of the well is modeled on the surface.

 The disadvantages of the method are the high complexity due to the need to simulate the downhole location of the rod on the surface according to the measured components of the zenith angle and low accuracy due to the instability of the sensor parameters.

; (1)
tgφ =

; (2)
tg β₁=cosφ ˙ tgθ; (3)
tgβ₂ =sinφ ˙ tgθ. (4)
К преимуществу способа относится возможность автоматизации определений зенитного и визирного углов скважины, к недостаткам - невысокая точность вычисления этих углов при изменении температуры окружающей среды.A known method for determining the zenith and sighting angles [2] using a pendulum type sensor with induction transducers that measures the orthogonal components β ₁ and β _{2 of the} zenith angle θ of the sight angle φ, associated with the following trigonometric relations:
tgθ =

; (1)
tgφ =

; (2)
tg β ₁ = cosφ ˙ tgθ; (3)
tgβ ₂ = sinφ ˙ tgθ. (4)
The advantage of the method includes the ability to automate the determination of the anti-aircraft and target angles of the well, and the disadvantages are the low accuracy of calculating these angles with changing ambient temperature.

A known method for determining the anti-aircraft and target angles of an object in a well [3], adopted as a prototype. It includes the measurement by an electrolytic sensor of the orthogonal components of the zenith angle in the conversion function:
β _j = f (K _j , Uj), where j are the sensitivity axes of the sensor;
U _j is the output signal of the sensor, while the conversion coefficient K _{j of the} sensor is determined by setting it to a known (with high accuracy) angle of inclination, direct measurement or calculation of the zenith and target angles using the trigonometric formulas (1) and (2).

The block diagram of a tilt meter with a cylindrical-type electrolytic sensor includes a quadrature signal driver from a reference voltage that feeds the sensor electrodes. The output voltages from the differential-connected pairs of sensor electrodes are described by the expressions
U _x = -U _ax ˙ sinω t; (5)
U _y = -U _ay ˙cos ω t, (6) where U _ax , U _ay are the amplitude values of the signals;
ω is the circular frequency;
t is time.

The signals are summed over the total load resistance, and through the matching amplifier, the total signal is fed to the amplitude-phase discriminator (AFD) in the form
U _in = U _min ˙ sin (ω t + φ _in ); (7)
U _op = U _mop ˙ sin ω t, (8) where U _min and U _mop are the amplitude values of the voltage of the tilt meter and the reference generator;
φ _in - phase shift of the tilt meter (proportional to the line of sight).

The AFD generates a voltage that carries information about the amplitude and phase of the signal of the meter of magnitude and direction of inclination. The output voltage of the AFD is supplied to the deflection plates x and the oscilloscope through the switch:
U _xin = KU _min ˙ sin φ _in ; (9)
U _yin = KU _min ˙ cos φ _in , (10) where K is the proportionality coefficient.

, (11) а угол отклонения радиуса - вектора R от вертикали - угол
φ_ин= arctg

, (12) т.е. определяются по формулам, аналогичным (1) и (2), если принять, что
U_хин=K₁tg β₁; (13)
U_уин= K₂tg β₂, (14) где K₁ и K₂ - коэффициенты преобразования (или передачи) по соответствующим осям j чувствительности датчиках. Обычно они равны или немного отличаются друг от друга.On the oscilloscope screen, the radius R of the deviation of the light spot from the center of the tube characterizes the angle of inclination
α = R =

, (11) and the angle of deviation of the radius of the vector R from the vertical is the angle
φ _yn = arctg

, (12) i.e. are determined by formulas similar to (1) and (2), if we assume that
U _hin = K ₁ tg β ₁ ; (thirteen)
U _yuin = K ₂ tg β ₂ , (14) where K ₁ and K ₂ are the conversion (or transmission) coefficients along the corresponding sensitivity axes j of the sensors. Usually they are equal or slightly different from each other.

= arctgK_j·U

, (15) где θ - индекс, соответствующий определенному значению зенитного угла; K_j - коэффициенты преобразования по осям j, определяемые как отношение величины тангенса верхнего предела измерения угла βа_j в градусах к соответствующему напряжению в вольтах Ua_j:
K_j=

, (16)
При поверке с высокой точностью задается физическая величина угла наклона βа_j датчика в плоскости каждой из его осей чувствительности, по которой определяются коэффициент передачи датчика, а также систематическая и случайная составляющие его основной погрешности. К преимуществам способа-прототипа следует отнести высокую точность измерения угла наклона, к недостатку - значительную зависимость выходного сигнала от изменения температуры среды, окружающей датчик.The coefficients K, K ₁ , K _{2 are} determined in a known manner [4] when checking the basic errors of the device, for example, in the calibration unit UPN-1. By means of the turntable and an optical quadrant define actual (current) value of the zenith angle component at normal temperature (20 ± 5 ^{° C),} measuring conditions and remove the appropriate voltmeter reading output. The measured component of the zenith angle in the case of the prototype sensor is determined by the formula

= arctgK _j

, (15) where θ is the index corresponding to a certain value of the zenith angle; K _j are the conversion coefficients along the j axes, defined as the ratio of the tangent of the upper limit of measuring the angle βa _j in degrees to the corresponding voltage in volts Ua _j :
K _j =

, (sixteen)
During verification, the physical value of the angle of inclination βa _{j of the} sensor is set with high accuracy in the plane of each of its sensitivity axes, which determines the transmission coefficient of the sensor, as well as the systematic and random components of its basic error. The advantages of the prototype method include the high accuracy of measuring the angle of inclination, the disadvantage is the significant dependence of the output signal on changes in the temperature of the environment surrounding the sensor.

=

, (17) где η - температурный коэффициент объемного расширения электролита;
Δ t - разность температур,
t_o - начальная температура.The relative change in voltage at the output of the sensor of a differential orthogonal electrode pair from a change in its temperature can be described by the formula
ΔU (t) =

=

, (17) where η is the temperature coefficient of volume expansion of the electrolyte;
Δ t is the temperature difference,
t _o - initial temperature.

For real sensors with different chemical composition electrolytes output signal change due to changes with increasing temperature sensor transmission factor from 20 ^to 200 ° C is up to 30% of the span. Therefore, it is impossible to provide the necessary accuracy for measuring the well curvature with such a sensor.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of determining the anti-aircraft and target angles of the well when the temperature of the medium surrounding the sensor changes.

The goal is achieved by the fact that by the method of determining the zenith and sighting angles of the well by an electrolytic sensor, including measuring the output signal U _{j by} differential orthogonal pairs of sensor electrodes along the axes j of its sensitivity, determining the transmission coefficients K _{j of the} sensor by setting it to a known inclination angle α _j , measurement (calculation) of the orthogonal components of the zenith angle in the transformation function β α _j = f (K _j , U α _j ) to determine the basic error of the sensor when it is tilted at an angle α _j , the zenith and sighting angles or their calculation using trigonometric formulas, after installing the sensor at an a _j angle, it is heated (cooled) in the operating temperature range and simultaneously measured with the signal U _{ij the} differential pairs of the output signal U _iz proportional to the electrical resistance z _i connected in parallel an orthogonal pair of sensor electrodes, the actual (current) value of the transmission coefficients K _{ij of the} differential-connected orthogonal pair of electrodes is calculated, a continuous addictive
K _ij = f (Ui _z ), (18) which is used to calculate the orthogonal components of the zenith angle in the transformation function:
β _ij = f (K _ij (U _iz ), U _ij , (19) where i is the instant of measurement, while the output signal can be proportional only to the active or only reactive component of the parallel connected orthogonal pairs of electrodes.

 As a result, the method acquires a qualitatively new content and allows to expand the scope of its application for geophysical studies of high-temperature wells, while ensuring high accuracy in measuring the orthogonal components of the zenith angle and the final result, the zenith and sighting angles, regardless of the temperature instability and inertia of the sensor.

 Known technical solutions in which there are signs similar to those stated in the proposed method. So, for example, there is a known method for monitoring the temperature of geophysical sensors using remote thermometers [5]. The temperature sensor is installed on the body of the geophysical sensor, while the dependence of the change in the transmission coefficient of the geophysical sensor on the change in its temperature is established. The established dependence serves to amend the sensor readings for ambient temperature. However, it is difficult to carry out such control of the temperature of the electrolytic sensor of the zenith angle. In addition, it does not provide a given measurement accuracy in dynamics, i.e. when the ambient temperature changes when moving the device along the well. The main obstacle here is the thermal inertia of the sensor, due to the high heat resistance of the electrolyte and its low thermal conductivity.

In the method [2] for the pendulum type zenith angle sensor, the determination of the main measurement error and the calculation of the orthogonal components during verification is performed in the conversion function:
β α _j = K _j U α _j .

Passport coefficient K _j is determined calibration setting under normal measurement conditions (20 ± 5 ° ^C), the measured one output signal from the sensor, representing the same (identical) measuring element, which serves for measuring constituents zenith angle of axes j. However, the axis of rotation of this additional element is rigidly fixed at an angle of magnitude close to the upper limit of the measurement of the zenith angle. The output signal of the additional element is used as a standard signal, the physical value of which in degrees a _jst.s , is determined (calculated) by each of the sensitivity axes of the sensor during calibration.

, (20) поскольку а_jст.с. величина постоянная,
K_jt=f(U_ijст.с.), (21) а значение составляющей рассчитывается как
β_ij=K_jt U*_ij=f(K_jt(U_ijст.с.), U*_ij... (22)
Как видно, формулы (19) и (22) схожи. Отличие предлагаемого способа заключается в том, что коэффициент K_ij определяется выходным сигналом, пропорциональным изменяющемуся импедансу параллельно включенной пары электродов по соответствующей оси чувствительности, т.е. по той же паре электродов, по которой выполняется измерение самой составляющей β_ij.The calculated physical value of the standard signal is used to clarify the value of the conversion coefficients K _j t of the sensor, which change under the influence of the changing ambient temperature t when the sensor moves in the well:
K _j t =

, (20) since a _jst.s. constant value
K _j t = f (U _ijst.s. ), (21) and the value of the component is calculated as
β _ij = K _j t U * _ij = f (K _j t (U _ijst.s. ), U * _ij ... (22)
As can be seen, formulas (19) and (22) are similar. The difference of the proposed method lies in the fact that the coefficient K _ij is determined by the output signal proportional to the changing impedance of a parallel pair of electrodes along the corresponding sensitivity axis, i.e. for the same pair of electrodes, which is used to measure the component β _{ij itself} .

In the technical solution of the analogue, the coefficient K _j t is determined by the output signal of the element, weakly reflecting the state of the main (working) pendulum elements associated with the angle of rotation converters. Common to them can only be considered the degree of identity of the three induction angle transducers. However, making induction converters completely identical is almost impossible. Therefore, the proposed technical solution has significant advantages in accuracy, and also simplifies the technical execution (no additional element is needed to organize a standard signal).

 Thus, none of the solutions of the prototype or analogues allows for accurate measurement of the zenith and target angles of the well when the temperature of the medium surrounding the sensor changes.

Only installing an electric sensor at a known angle β _aj , heating (cooling) it in the operating temperature range and additionally measuring the output signal U _iz proportional to the electrical resistance of a parallel-connected pair of orthogonal sensor electrodes, calculating the actual values of the transmission coefficients K _{ij of} differential-connected orthogonal electrode pairs, compilation of a continuous dependence K _ij = f (U _iz ) and its use for calculating the orthogonal components of the zenith angle of the well in f conversion functions
β _ij = f (K _ij (Ui _z ), U _ij ) make it possible to achieve a fundamentally new effect and goal. Therefore, the proposed solution has significant differences.

 The proposed method is implemented using an electrolytic sensor with electrolytic cells of a cylindrical shape (Fig.1-3) and an electrical circuit (Fig.4). The sensor comprises a housing 1 with two pairs of orthogonal electrolytic cells A, B and M, N located symmetrically with respect to the center at a distance r. The cells are formed by a housing 1 of conductive material and electrodes 2 on insulators 3. The cells are interconnected by openings 4, forming interconnected vessels. The cell cavity is filled with electrolyte 5.

In the vertical position of the sensor, the area S _{o of the} electrodes of 2 cells wetted by the electrolyte 5 are equal to each other. The areas of the outer (casing) and inner (central) electrodes of the cell are different, therefore, the area of the smaller electrode, i.e. S _o .

, (23) где ρ - удельное электрическое сопротивление электролита.The distance between the electrodes (figure 3) d = (d ₁ -d ₂ ) / ₂ , where d ₁ is the diameter of the Central electrode; d ₂ is the diameter of the cell in the housing. The electrical resistance of an electrolyte column with a height h _o (vertical position of the sensor) is
R _o =

, (23) where ρ is the electrical resistivity of the electrolyte.

=

, (24) где γ - проводимость электролита.When the sensor is tilted, the electrolyte level takes a new position h _o + Δh, i.e., it changes by Δh, while the area of the electrode moistened with electrolyte is S _o + Δ S, and the resistance of the electrolyte column becomes equal

=

, (24) where γ is the electrolyte conductivity.

We write the value of this resistance for each electrolytic cell of the sensor when it is tilted by an angle α (Fig. 5) and rotated around the axis 00 ₁ by an angle φ relative to the direction AB drawn through the centers of the electrodes of cells A and B. Fig. 5 shows the location of four electrolytic cells A, B, M, N in the directions respectively AD, BF, MK, NL, where r is the radius of the cylinder drawn through the centers of the cells.

If we neglect the transverse dimensions of the central electrodes, then when the cylinder is tilted at an angle α, the change in the wetted surface of the electrodes A and B is determined by the segments AA '= rtg α and BB' =, rtg α and
Δ S _A (φ = 0) = πd ₁ rtg α; (25)
Δ S _B (φ = 180 ^o ) = - πd ₁ rtg α. (26)
When the cylinder is tilted at an angle α and rotated at an angle φ, the electrodes occupy a new position, and the change in their wetting areas is defined as
Δ S _A = πd ₁ rtg α ˙cos φ; (27)
Δ S _B = - πd ₁ rtgα ˙cos φ; (28)
Δ S _M = - πd ₁ rtgα ˙sin φ (29)
Δ S _N = πd ₁ rtg α ˙sin φ. (thirty)
Figure 6 shows the differential circuit for switching on the tilt sensor for a pair of measuring cells A and B. Here U is the alternating voltage of the generator to power the bridge circuit, R ₁ and R ₂ are the resistance of the electrolytic cells of the tilt sensor, which in general can be complex, R - additional resistance of the bridge, R _n - load resistance. The sensor housing is grounded.

-

=

; (31)
R_{вх к3}=

+

. (32)
Ток на сопротивлении нагрузки
J =

. (33)
Выходное напряжение
U_{вых A,B}= -JR_н=

. (34)
Так как
R₁=

и R₂=

и обозначив через
С= πd₁r/₂ постоянный коэффициент, зависящий от геометрических размеров датчика, и полагая, что
R_н> > R₁, R₂ и R, получают следующее выражение для выходного сигнала дифференциальной пары:

.To obtain the expression of the output signal of a differential pair of electrodes, you can use the method of idling and short circuit:
U _{o xx} =

-

=

; (31)
R _{in k3} =

+

. (32)
Load Resistance Current
J =

. (33)
Output voltage
U _{o A, B} = -JR _n =

. (34)
As
R ₁ =

and R ₂ =

and denoting by
C = πd ₁ r / _{2 is a} constant coefficient depending on the geometric dimensions of the sensor, and assuming that
R _n >> R ₁ , R ₂ and R, get the following expression for the output signal of the differential pair:

.

It is seen from it that the output signal of the differential pair is independent of the electrolyte conductivity. However, the dependence of the output voltage on the parameter S _o remains, i.e. the level of electrolyte, which does not remain constant with a change in ambient temperature.

, т.е. S_o=f(t), то получают

=

K

(35)
Решение системы уравнений (35) в отношении α и φ возможно при известном K(t).If the voltage U of the generator is stable and denoted by K (t) = -

, i.e. S _o = f (t), then get

=

K

(35)
The solution of the system of equations (35) with respect to α and φ is possible with the known K (t).

 Therefore, the output signal of the differential pair of electrodes is a function of the angle of inclination α, the apsidal (target) angle φ, and temperature, since K (t) = f (t).

The dependence K (t) can be described by the expression
K (t) = a ₁ -b ₁ e ^c1t , (36) where a ₁ , b ₁ , c ₁ are positive approximation numbers.

 To evaluate the output signal of an orthogonal pair of electrodes connected in parallel, refer to formula (23).

=

+

, (37) где R_A||B - сопротивление параллельно включенной ортогональной пары электродов ячеек А и В.It can be written that

=

+

, (37) where R _{A || B} is the resistance of the parallel-connected orthogonal pair of electrodes of cells A and B.

. (38)
Как видно из уравнения (38), сопротивление R_A||B параллельно включенной идеальной ортогональной пары электродов не зависит от углов α и φ .When the geometric dimensions of the electrodes 2 (Fig. 1) are identical, cells A and BS _oA = S _oB = S _o ; ΔS _A = ΔS _B ; therefore, from expression (37) we can find
R _A∥B =

. (38)
As can be seen from equation (38), the resistance R _{A || B of a} parallel connected ideal orthogonal pair of electrodes does not depend on the angles α and φ.

; R_M∥N=

, (39) где <N>rho_t - электрическое удельное сопротивление электролита при фиксированной температуре t; S_t - уровень смоченной поверхности электродов при вертикальном датчике и фиксированной температуре t электролита.In general, you can write
R _A∥B =

; R _M∥N =

, (39) where <N> rho _t is the electrical resistivity of the electrolyte at a fixed temperature t; S _t is the level of the wetted surface of the electrodes with a vertical sensor and a fixed temperature t of electrolyte.

. (40)
Таким образом, сопротивление параллельно включенных ортогональных пар электродов определяется электрическим и удельным сопротивлением электролита <N>rho_t и параметром S_t. Оба эти параметра зависят от температуры электролита. Причем с увеличением температуры параметр <N>rho_t уменьшается по величине, а параметр S_t увеличивается, воздействуя таким образом, что R_A||B уменьшается, т. е. воздействуют оба в одну и ту же сторону, увеличивая эффект от влияния температуры окружающей среды.With the parallel inclusion of cells A, B, M, N
R _{A∥B∥M∥N} =

. (40)
Thus, the resistance of parallel connected orthogonal pairs of electrodes is determined by the electric and specific resistance of the electrolyte <N> rho _t and the parameter S _t . Both of these parameters depend on the temperature of the electrolyte. Moreover, with increasing temperature, the parameter <N> rho _t decreases in magnitude, and the parameter S _t increases, acting in such a way that R _{A || B} decreases, that is, they both act in the same direction, increasing the effect of the influence of temperature the environment.

= K₁U_A∥B, (41) где U_A||B - напряжение с выхода измерительной диагонали моста; I - ток питания; С₁ - константа; R - сопротивление пассивного плеча, равное по величине такому сопротивлению активного плеча, при котором U_A||B=0. Коэффициент K₁ численно равен разности R_A||B-R_o, bOM, при напряжении на выходе моста 1 В.Measurement R _{A || B} can also be performed using a bridge measuring circuit using alternating current supply:
R _A∥B - R _o = C

= K ₁ U _A∥B , (41) where U _{A || B} is the voltage from the output of the measuring diagonal of the bridge; I is the supply current; C ₁ is a constant; R is the resistance of the passive shoulder, equal in magnitude to that of the resistance of the active shoulder, at which U _{A || B} = 0. The coefficient K _{1 is} numerically equal to the difference R _{A || B} -R _o , bOM, with a voltage at the output of the bridge 1 V.

.In the general case, given the reactive (capacitive) nature of the resistance of the electrolytic cell, we can write
U _Z = U _A∥B = K ₁ Z = f (t), (42) where Z =

.

. (43)
Аналогичная операция с установкой в апсидальную плоскость ячеек MN( φ= 90^o) дает
U_MNi= K₂(t_i)tgβ_a; K₂(t_i) =

. (44)
Или в общем виде уравнения (43) и (44) имеют вид
K_ij(t_i) =

. (45)
Если β a_j =45^o, то K_ij(t_i)=U_ij.
Для параллельного выхода имеют
U_A||Bi=U_iz=K₃z_i. (46)
По результатам вычисления по формуле (45) и с учетом выражения (46) строится непрерывная зависимость
K_ij = f(U_iz). (47)
Эта зависимость имеет вид графика (фиг.7).If you install the sensor at a known angle of inclination β _a and rotate it around its own axis so that the angle φ is equal to zero, i.e. set the cells A, B in the apsidal plane at an angle β _a = α, and, heating (cooling) the sensor in the operating temperature range, at the same time measure the signals U _AB and U _{A || B} , we obtain the following dependence for the differential output AB:
U _ABi = K ₁ (t _i ) tgβ _a ; K ₁ (t _i ) =

. (43)
A similar operation with the installation in the apsidal plane of the cells MN (φ = 90 ^o ) gives
U _MNi = K ₂ (t _i ) tgβ _a ; K ₂ (t _i ) =

. (44)
Or, in general, equations (43) and (44) have the form
K _ij (t _i ) =

. (45)
If β a _j = 45 ^o , then K _ij (t _i) = U _ij.
For parallel output have
U _{A || Bi} = U _iz = K ₃ z _i . (46)
According to the results of calculations by formula (45) and taking into account expression (46), a continuous dependence is constructed
K _ij = f (U _iz ). (47)
This dependence has the form of a graph (Fig.7).

The calculation of the orthogonal components of the zenith angle of the well is carried out according to the formula
β _ij = f (K _ij (U _iz ), U _ij ), the value of K _ij in which is determined by the U _iz value measured in the well using dependence (47).

The electrical circuit (figure 4) includes an electrolytic sensor 6, the electrodes of which are connected to a generator 9 through a switch 7 and a bridge circuit 8. The bridge circuit output is connected to a digital voltmeter 10. All circuit elements or part of them can be placed in the downhole tool. The bridge circuit 8 and the switch 7 allow you to measure the signals of the sensor 6 with a voltmeter 10, which are proportional to the impedances of the differential and parallel connection of orthogonal pairs of electrodes. To remove the dependence K _ij = f (zi ₎ , a heat and cold chamber can be used in which the sensor is installed at a tilt angle a _j known with high accuracy.

 The proposed method is implemented by the following sequence of operations.

α_j датчика в рабочем диапазоне углов, при этом определяется основная погрешность датчика

=α_j-

, где β_αj=f(K_j, Uα_j ).The sensor is installed in the heat and cold chamber at a known angle of inclination a _j = 45 ^o (or close to the upper limit of measurement) in the sensitivity plane j of any pair. The temperature in the chamber is set normal within 20 ± 5 ^° . The transmittance of the sensor is determined from the differential output j at normal temperature. For a _j = 45 K _j =

α _{j of the} sensor in the working range of angles, while the basic error of the sensor is determined

= α _j -

, where β _αj = f (K _j , Uα _j ).

 The results of determining the parameters for the prototype of the sensor are summarized in table 1.

The sensor is again installed at an angle of inclination a _j = 45 ^o , and it is heated (cooled) in the operating temperature range of the sensor with simultaneous (within the speed of the switch) measuring output signals U _ij and U _iz proportional to the impedances of the differential and parallel connected orthogonal electrode pairs . The measurement data for the prototype sensor are summarized in table 2. According to the measurement data, a continuous dependence K _ij = f (U _iz ) is compiled. For a prototype sensor, it is presented in Fig.7.

The device is lowered into the well, and during the ascent or descent, continuous measurement of the signals U _iz and U _{ij of the} sensor is performed.

.The component of the angle of inclination of the well is determined by the formula
β _ij = f (K _i ) (U _iz ), U _ij, or for an electric sensor of cylindrical shape according to the formula
β _ij = arctg

.

The measurement results similar to the borehole, at temperatures ^of 180 C, a prototype environment sensor with different angles of inclination are summarized in Table 3. Well conditions were simulated in a heat and cold chamber, while the value of the angle of inclination aj was set with an accuracy of one arc minute. Evaluation of the accuracy and efficiency of the method is carried out by comparing the measurement error with the sensor at t = 180 ^o C with the main error at t = 15 ^o C.

From a comparison of Table 1 and Table 3 data shows that the bulk of the sensor error Δ β _αj at normal temperature (t = 15 ^o C) and the error Δ β _ij at an operating temperature of 180 ^{° C} small in magnitude. They do not exceed a value of 0.16 ^about . From the basic error, a systematic component can be distinguished for inclusion in the measurement results. In this example, the random error did not exceed the value of 0.01 ^about .

 The calculation of the zenith and sighting angles for any moment of time is performed according to formulas similar to formulas (1) and (2).

Claims (2)

1. THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ZENIT AND VISIOR WELL ANGLES, including measuring the output signal U _{j by} differential orthogonal pairs of electrodes of the electrolytic sensor along the axes j of its sensitivity, determining the transmission coefficients K _{j of the} sensor by setting it to a known angle β _αj , measuring or calculating the orthogonal components of the zenith angle in the conversion function β _αj = f (K _j , U _αj ), determining the basic error of the sensor when it is tilted through the angle α _j , measuring the zenith and target angles, or their calculation using trigonometric formulas, characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy when the ambient temperature changes, after installing the sensor at an angle α _j , it is heated or cooled in the operating temperature range and measured simultaneously with the output signal U _{ij of the} differential-connected pairs of orthogonal electrodes sensor output signal U _iz proportional to the electrical resistance Z _i parallel connected orthogonal pair of electrodes, calculate the current value of the transmission coefficients K _{ij of} differentially connected orthogonal pairs of electrodes make up a continuous dependence K _ij = f (U _iz ) and the orthogonal components of the zenith angle are calculated from it
β _ij = f (K _ij (U _iz ), U _ij ),
where i is the instant of measurement. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they measure the output signal U _iz proportional only to the active or only reactive component of the parallel connected orthogonal pair of electrodes.

Images