RU2016133851A - METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING EXIT OF THE PROCESS OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SALTS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING EXIT OF THE PROCESS OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SALTS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION Download PDF

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RU2016133851A
RU2016133851A RU2016133851A RU2016133851A RU2016133851A RU 2016133851 A RU2016133851 A RU 2016133851A RU 2016133851 A RU2016133851 A RU 2016133851A RU 2016133851 A RU2016133851 A RU 2016133851A RU 2016133851 A RU2016133851 A RU 2016133851A
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solution
electrodes
electrolysis
salts
aqueous solution
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Мишель БЕНЬЕ
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ФУЖЕРЕ, Жан-Мишель
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/06Operating or servicing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109Electrodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4676Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4678Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction of metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62Heavy metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06Processing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06Processing
    • G21F9/12Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006Radioactive compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125Electrical variables
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/4615Time
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Claims (20)

1. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, отличающийся тем, что его осуществление включает:1. The method is designed to optimize the output of the process of extraction of heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, characterized in that its implementation includes: а) управление, контроль и регулирование операций, связанных с извлечением тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза;a) management, control and regulation of operations associated with the extraction of heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis; b) новое техническое определение активных элементов, таких как электроды (6) -(11), (22) и чувствительные датчики (ST);b) a new technical definition of active elements, such as electrodes (6) - (11), (22) and sensitive sensors (ST); с) новую совокупность операций;c) a new set of operations; d) дополнительные средства фильтрации (FEF) обработанного водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей.d) additional filtration media (FEF) of the treated high salt concentration aqueous solution. 2. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что средства электронного управления (МС), предназначенные для осуществления управления, контроля и регулирования операций, управляют прерыванием электропитания (СА) устройства электролиза на ограниченные последовательные промежутки времени с периодичностью, определяемой в соответствии с химическим составом подлежащего обработке раствора (3) и структурой используемых электродов (6)-(11), (22).2. The method designed to optimize the output of the process of extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic control (MS) means for controlling, monitoring and regulating operations control interruption power supply (SA) of the electrolysis device for limited successive periods of time with a frequency determined in accordance with the chemical composition of the solution to be treated (3) and the structure spolzuemyh electrodes (6) - (11), (22). 3. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, по предшествующим пунктам, отличающийся тем, что средства электронного управления (МС), предназначенные для осуществления управления, контроля и регулирования операций, управляют, помимо электропитания электродов (6) -(11) данного устройства, отключением электрода массы (22) на последовательные промежутки времени с периодичностью, определяемой в соответствии с различными факторами, связанными с данным способом.3. The method designed to optimize the output of the process of extraction of heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, according to the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the electronic control (MS), designed to control, control and regulate operations, control, in addition to the power supply of the electrodes (6) - (11) of this device, by disconnecting the mass electrode (22) for successive periods of time with a frequency determined in accordance with various factors associated with connected with this method. 4. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что средства электронного управления (МС), предназначенные для осуществления управления, контроля и регулирования операций, управляют контролем и регулированием оптимального и постоянного напряжения в подлежащем обработке растворе (3) в течение всей операции электроосаждения согласно информации, поступающей от чувствительных датчиков (ST), размещенных в подлежащем обработке растворе (3) между парами электродов (6)(7), (8)(9) и (10)(11).4. A method designed to optimize the output of the process of extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the electronic control (MS) means for controlling, monitoring and regulating operations control control and regulation of the optimal and constant voltage in the solution to be processed (3) during the entire deposition operation according to information received from sensitive Occupancy (ST), arranged in (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11) to be treated solution (3) between the pairs of electrodes (6). 5. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что электроды (6)(9)(10) и (7)(8)(11) герметизируют, когда осажденные на них загрязняющие элементы являются радиоактивными по своей природе, и/или захоранивают способами, согласующимися с природой осажденных загрязняющих элементов и степенью их загрязняющего воздействия5. A method designed to optimize the output of the process of extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the electrodes (6) (9) (10) and (7) (8) ( 11) seal when the pollutants deposited on them are radioactive in nature, and / or disposed of in ways consistent with the nature of the deposited pollutants and the degree of their pollution 6. Способ, предназначенный для оптимизации выхода процесса извлечения тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза, по любому из предшествующих пунктов, отличающийся тем, что функционирование может быть организовано в режиме последовательных чередующихся циклов или непрерывно, в последнем случае, подачу подлежащего обработке раствора (3) осуществляют в нижней части резервуара (2) электролиза, например, при помощи трубы (24) с небольшой скоростью, определяемой в зависимости от химического состава подлежащего обработке раствора (3) и структуры электродов (6) -(11) данного устройства, при этом обработанный раствор отводят из верхней части указанного резервуара (2) электролиза по трубе (28), предусмотренной с этой целью.6. A method designed to optimize the output of the process of extraction of heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis, according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the operation can be organized in sequential alternating cycles or continuously, in the latter case, the submission processing the solution (3) is carried out in the lower part of the electrolysis tank (2), for example, using a pipe (24) at a low speed, determined depending on the chemical composition the solution to be treated (3) and the structure of the electrodes (6) to (11) of this device, while the treated solution is removed from the upper part of the indicated electrolysis tank (2) through a pipe (28) provided for this purpose. 7. Устройство для осуществления способа пп. 1-6, отличающееся тем, что включает:7. A device for implementing the method of claims. 1-6, characterized in that it includes: а) средства электронного управления (МС), предназначенные для управления, контроля и регулирования операций, связанных с извлечением тяжелых металлов из водного раствора с высокой концентрацией солей путем электролиза;a) electronic control (MS), designed to control, control and regulate operations associated with the extraction of heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts by electrolysis; b) погружные электроды (6)-(11), состоящие из анодов (6), (9), (10) и катодов (7), (8), (11);b) immersion electrodes (6) - (11), consisting of anodes (6), (9), (10) and cathodes (7), (8), (11); b) электрод массы (22), вводимый в подлежащий обработке раствор (3) с целью ускорения ионной очистки электродов (6) -(11);b) a mass electrode (22), introduced into the solution to be processed (3) in order to accelerate the ion cleaning of the electrodes (6) - (11); с) чувствительные датчики (ST), вводимые в подлежащий обработке раствор (3) между парами электродов (6)(7), (8)(9) и (10)(11);c) sensitive sensors (ST) introduced into the solution to be treated (3) between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11); d) по меньшей мере, один фильтр электрофильтрации (FEF), предназначенный для улавливания остаточных элементов со слабой электродвижущей силой, еще присутствующих в растворе (3) после осуществления операции дифференциального электроосаждения.d) at least one electrofiltration filter (FEF), designed to trap residual elements with a weak electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the operation of differential electrodeposition. 8. Устройство по п. 7, отличающееся тем, что погружные электроды - аноды (6), (9), (10) характеризуются материалом и структурой, отличными от материала и структуры погружных электродов - катодов (7), (8), (11), согласно химическому и радиохимическому составу подлежащего обработке раствора (3) и имеют, предпочтительно, форму пластин, состав, материал, конфигурация и расположение которых совместимы с функционированием и параметрами работы устройства.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the immersion electrodes - anodes (6), (9), (10) are characterized by a material and structure different from the material and structure of the immersion electrodes - cathodes (7), (8), ( 11), according to the chemical and radiochemical composition of the solution to be treated (3), and preferably have the form of plates, the composition, material, configuration and location of which are compatible with the operation and operation parameters of the device. 9. Устройство по п. 7, отличающееся тем, что электрод массы (22), помещаемый в подлежащий обработке раствор (3) в изолирующей трубке, предотвращающей искажение электронного сигнала, и соединенный с массой (М) электрогенератора (4), характеризуется материалом и структурой, отличными от материала и структуры других электродов, таких как аноды (6), (8), (10) и катоды (7), (8), (11).9. The device according to p. 7, characterized in that the mass electrode (22), placed in the solution to be processed (3) in an insulating tube that prevents distortion of the electronic signal, and connected to the mass (M) of the generator (4), is characterized by a material and structure different from the material and structure of other electrodes, such as anodes (6), (8), (10) and cathodes (7), (8), (11). 10. Устройство по п. 7, отличающееся тем, что чувствительные датчики (ST), введенные в подлежащий обработке раствор (3) между парами электродов (6)(7), (8)(9) и (10)(11), имеют химически нейтральную структуру, например, изготовлены из стекла.10. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the sensitive sensors (ST) introduced into the solution to be treated (3) between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11), have a chemically neutral structure, for example, made of glass. 11. Устройство по п. 7, отличающееся тем, что независимый фильтр электрофильтрации (FEF), соединенный с резервуаром (2) электролиза с целью улавливания остаточных элементов со слабой электродвижущей силой, еще присутствующих в растворе (3) после осуществления операции дифференциального электроосаждения, образован, главным образом, цилиндрическим баком (В), в котором находится нейтральный фильтрующий материала (MF), в который погружены два электрода (ЕС), из которых один, например, анод (ЕС1), предпочтительно, наложен на внутреннюю периферическую поверхность бака (В), а другой, например катод (ЕС2), наложен на трубчатую осевую опору (TS), расположенную в центре внутренней поверхности нижней плоскости бака (В); электрический ток, проходящий через фильтрующий материал (MF), регулируют в соответствии с химическим составом раствора, выходящего из резервуара электролитической обработки, и приводят в соответствие с удельным сопротивлением системы, учитывая, что электропроводность фильтрующего материала (MF) изменяется в зависимости от того, более или менее водную жидкость он содержит; раствор, отфильтрованный при прохождении через фильтр электрофильтрации (FEF), благодаря этому характеризуется оптимальным качеством с точки зрения его сброса в окружающую среду или, например, повторного использования в другом производственном процессе.11. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that an independent electro-filtration filter (FEF) connected to the electrolysis tank (2) to capture residual elements with a weak electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the operation of differential electrodeposition is formed mainly a cylindrical tank (B), in which there is a neutral filter material (MF), in which two electrodes (EC) are immersed, of which one, for example, the anode (EC1), is preferably superimposed on the inner peripheral surface of the tank (B) and the other, for example cathode (EC2) is superimposed on the axial tubular support (TS), located in the center of the inner surface of the tank bottom plane (B); the electric current passing through the filter material (MF) is controlled in accordance with the chemical composition of the solution exiting the electrolytic treatment tank and adjusted to the resistivity of the system, given that the conductivity of the filter material (MF) varies depending on whether or less aqueous liquid it contains; the solution filtered by passing through an electrostatic precipitator (FEF) is therefore characterized by optimum quality in terms of its discharge into the environment or, for example, reuse in another production process.
RU2016133851A 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING EXIT OF THE PROCESS OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SALTS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION RU2016133851A (en)

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