RU200895U1 - APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING GAS-WATER-OIL EMULSION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the oil industry and can be used for demulsification in the preparation of commercial oil, for the separation of heterogeneous liquids, for the purification of wastewater from emulsified oil products in the petrochemical, machine-building, and metallurgical industries. Another important use is the possibility of separating a water-oil or water-product emulsion containing solid particles removed from the surface of reservoirs and soil. The technical result is an increase in productivity and an improvement in the quality of separation of an oil-water emulsion. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a nozzle is additionally installed in the lower part of the feed pipe , which is made in the form of a spiral feeding tip with cylindrical channels, and trapezoidal strips are installed in the feeding branch pipe at an angle of at least 90 degrees to each other.

Description

The utility model relates to the oil industry and can be used for demulsification in the preparation of commercial oil, for the separation of heterogeneous liquids, for the purification of wastewater from emulsified oil products in the petrochemical, machine-building, and metallurgical industries. Another important use is the ability to separate a water-oil or water-product emulsion containing solid particles, removed from the surface of water bodies and soil.

Known mixing and settling extractor with centrifugal phase separation (Inventor's certificate SU No. 185843, publ. 09/12/1966), consisting of a mixing chamber, a mechanical stirrer, a settling centrifuge rotor, equipped with an insert in the form of an asterisk, having outlet tubes in the cavities, equalizing tanks, ring receiver, diverting sleeves. In such an apparatus, the initial product is fed into the mixing chamber, then the stirrer moves into the centrifuge rotor, in the cavities of the sprocket and in the tubes, the speed of the heavy phase increases, as a result of which the solid phase is removed together with the heavy annular receiver, and from there through the outlet arm from the apparatus , the light phase, under the action of centrifugal forces, enters the annular receiver, and then is discharged from the apparatus through the discharge sleeve.

The disadvantage of the device is that the discharge tubes, due to their great length and geometric shape, are clogged with a solid phase. In addition, the design of the device does not provide for the presence of elements for removing the gas phase.

Known separator for water-oil emulsions (US Patent No. 2750107, publ. 06/12/1956), containing a rotor, a perforated pipe installed centrally inside the rotor, a filler placed in the volume between the walls of the rotor and the pipe, a pipe for supplying the fluid to be separated and pipelines for diverting separated components. Paper, ceramics and other materials are used as fillers.

The disadvantages of the device are the low quality of separation due to the rapid clogging of the pores of the filler with mechanical suspensions and the impossibility of cleaning them, as well as the throwing of one component into the line of the other during their withdrawal.

Known centrifuge (Inventor's certificate SU No. 1043882, publ. 05/30/1985), containing a rotor, consisting of two, facing one another with large bases of cone-shaped plates, one of which is installed with the possibility of axial movement.

The disadvantages of this device are low productivity, due to the limited flow area of the gap between the plates, low quality of separation of suspensions due to the capture of the solid phase by the stream of purified liquid.

Known centrifuge ("On the possibility of using the method of centrifugation for the separation of field oil emulsions" Journal "Oil Industry", Moscow 1966, No. 1 January, pp. 56-59). In its design, the role of a device for creating centrifugal force is played by a cylindrical drum with a solid wall and the separated liquid enters it from one end, and the separated components from the other, i.e. the movement of the liquid occurs along the axis of the centrifuge.

The disadvantage of the device is that the speed of movement of the liquid to be separated along the centrifuge axis is small, as a result of which the solid particles present in the liquid, as a material of higher density, are pressed against the walls of the drum, further slowing down the movement of the liquid.

Known centrifugal liquid purification separator (RF Patent No. 150521 dated 05/15/2014), taken as a prototype, consisting of a housing with inlet openings, a rotor for creating centrifugal force, an inlet pipe and branch pipes for oil and water, characterized in that the axle-shaft has a vertical design, a rotor-separator, consists of a plate holder, a stack of plates, a cover, the lower and upper parts of the rotor body are made in the form of a truncated cone, channels for draining water with solid impurities are in the lower part of the body, and in the upper part there are channels for draining oil ...

The disadvantage of the prototype is the reduced productivity due to the formation of a hydraulic plug due to the premature separation of the water-oil emulsion in the feed pipe, which is not enough to work in modern conditions of the oil-producing and oil-refining industry.

The technical result is to increase productivity and improve the quality of separation of oil-water emulsion.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a nozzle is additionally installed in the lower part of the feed pipe, which is made in the form of a spiral feed tip with cylindrical channels, and four trapezoidal bars are rigidly fixed in the feed pipe at an angle of at least 90 degrees to each other.

The apparatus for separating a gas-water-oil emulsion is illustrated by the following figures:

figure 1 is a general diagram of the device;

Fig. 2 is a feeding branch pipe with a nozzle, where:

1 - separator rotor;

2 - a package of plates;

3 - branch pipe for removing liquid together with solid impurities;

4 - branch pipe for oil removal;

5 - lower chamber;

6 - feed pipe;

7 - branch pipe for introducing the original product;

8 - bottom drain plate;

9 - overflow pipe;

10 - channels for drainage of water and solid impurities;

11 - gas outlet;

12 - upper drain plate;

13 - channels for oil drainage;

14 - paddle mixer;

15 - nozzle;

16 - trapezoidal strips;

17 - case.

Inside the body 17 (Fig. 1) of the apparatus for centrifugal separation of gas-water-oil emulsion, a separator rotor is installed on the vertical shaft 1. A blade agitator is installed at the lower end of the vertical shaft 14. A nozzle 15 is installed on the feed pipe 6 (Fig. 2), which consists of from a spiral from 3 to 4-start feeding tip with cylindrical channels. The feed port 6 is equipped with four rigidly fixed trapezoidal strips 16 (Fig. 2). Trapezoidal strips 16 are installed in the feed pipe 6 at an angle of at least 90 degrees to each other. To obtain data on determining the optimal angle of installation of trapezoidal strips, a number of experiments were carried out to determine the extraction of a useful product from a gas-water-oil emulsion, the results of which are presented in Table 1.

Table 1 - determination of the optimal angle of installation of trapezoidal strips

N p / p Angle between partitions Recovery value (%) 1 360 ° 55 2 180 ° 65 3 120 ° 75 4 90 ° 87 five 60 ° 55 6 30 ° 45

An opening is made in the lower chamber 5 (Fig. 1), into which a branch pipe for introducing the original product 7 is installed with the ability to remove. In the middle part of the housing 17, an opening is made into which an overflow pipe 9 is removably installed. Above the overflow pipe 9 is made in the form a truncated cone and rigidly fixed to the inner walls of the apparatus body, the lower drain plate 8. On the opposite side of the overflow branch pipe 9 above the lower drain plate 8, an opening is made into which the branch pipe for draining liquid together with solid impurities is rigidly installed with the possibility of removability 3. Above the branch pipe for liquid outlet together with solid impurities 3 and the upper drain plate 12 there is an opening in which the oil outlet 4 is rigidly removable. An opening is made in the upper part of the body 17, into which the gas outlet 11 is removably mounted.

The device works as follows. The initial product under pressure (for example, an oil-water emulsion) is fed into the apparatus through a branch pipe for introducing the initial product 7, a reagent (for example, a demulsifier) is dosed through the same branch pipe, which accelerates the separation of the incoming liquids. In the lower part of the housing 5, the water-oil emulsion and the demulsifier are mixed by means of a paddle mixer 14. Further, the emulsion passes through the feed pipe 6 with a nozzle 15 and trapezoidal strips 16, which act as a mixing device, preventing the separation of the water-oil emulsion in the feed pipe into water and oil, density which are different, which is the reason for the formation of hydraulic plugs, thereby increasing the productivity of the apparatus. Through the branch pipe, the liquid system enters the pack of trays 2, the released oil (light phase) moves towards the axis of rotation along the upper surface of the underlying tray and, rising along the vertical shaft, is removed from the rotor through channels for oil removal 13. Water (heavy phase) together with solid impurities is directed along the lower surface of the overlying tray to the periphery and, leaving the stack of trays 2, is discharged from the rotor through channels for removing water and solid impurities 10 in the middle part of the body 17. Oil (light phase) after leaving the rotor enters the upper drain plate 12 and is removed from the apparatus through the branch pipe 4. Water (heavy phase), together with solid impurities, after being removed from the rotor, enters the lower drain plate 8 and is removed from the apparatus through the branch pipe 3. The gas released from the emulsion as a result of centrifugal separation leaves the apparatus through branch pipe 11. In order to prevent overflow and ingress of the mixture to be separated on the drain plates to collect the product o the middle part of the body 17 is equipped with an overflow pipe 9 through which the excess mixture to be separated is discharged from the apparatus.

An increase in productivity and separation completeness is achieved by changing the design of the feed pipe by adding a spiral feed tip and equipping the pipe with trapezoidal strips, which prevents the separation of the oil-water emulsion in the feed pipe into water and oil with different densities, thereby preventing the formation of hydraulic plugs.

Claims (1)

An apparatus for centrifugal separation of a water-oil mixture, including a housing with inlet openings, a rotor for creating centrifugal force, an inlet pipe and branch pipes for oil and water, characterized in that a nozzle is additionally installed in the lower part of the feed pipe, which is made in the form of a spiral feeding tip with cylindrical channels, and in the feeding branch pipe four trapezoidal strips are rigidly fixed at an angle of at least 90 degrees to each other.

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