RU189068U1 - INSTALLATION FOR ANTIGRADING AND ANTIFEING INFLUENCE ON THE ATMOSPHERE BY SHOCKING ACOUSTIC WAVES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of active influence on atmospheric processes and can be used to combat such dangerous meteorological phenomena as hail and thunderstorm. The problem with the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the possibility of reactor installation detonation. This is achieved by the fact that the installation for anti-hail and anti-storm effects to the atmosphere by acoustic shock waves containing a cylindrical reactor, a conical horn extending upwards from the upper part of the reactor, located in the upper part of the reactor the main gas inlet and located at the inlet of the gas inlet valve of the inlet of the working gas, characterized by the fact that the reactor is equipped with a horizontal elastic partition dividing the volume V of the lower part from the volume V of the upper part so that V = V, (0,1 ÷ 0.05), the lower end of the horn abuts against the elastic partition, the lower part of the reactor is equipped with an additional gas inlet, combined by means of a combining gas inlet with the main gas inlet, and the lower part of the reactor is equipped with a valve Single working gas to be opened only after closure of the intake valve working gas is used as air.

Description

The invention relates to the field of active influence on atmospheric processes and can be used to combat such dangerous meteorological phenomena as hail and thunder.

Stimulation of precipitation and prevention of hail is a pressing problem of agriculture throughout the world. Annual agricultural losses exceed hundreds of millions of dollars. Practically the only effective way to prevent hail is to stimulate precipitation from hail-threatening clouds.

Existing methods of stimulating precipitation, based on spraying reagents using aviation and rocket technology and shelling, are very expensive and unavailable to the vast majority of large-scale farms and agricultural associations.

A promising and economical method of stimulating precipitation is the effect of shock acoustic waves on clouds. In recent years, a theory of the impact of shock acoustic waves on the microstructure of clouds has been created, contributing to the active propagation of this method [1 ÷ 3].

In particular, the meteorological conditions for the applicability of the method of stimulating precipitation under the influence of acoustic shock waves have been determined, and the production of shock acoustic wave generators designed to influence the microstructure of clouds has been developed and launched.

A device for electrophysical effects on airborne dispersions in air is known, in which the effect on the accumulation of fluid particles in the atmosphere is carried out by acoustic oscillations with a frequency of 70 to 20 kHz with an intensity of at least 135 dB, and the equipment used in the installation includes Peso-emitters of a specific shape and size, controlled and frequency-tuned U3-generator, control devices and regulation of bending vibrations of piezo-emitters and Units of continuous monitoring of the atmosphere [4].

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the hardware design, which requires specific and costly maintenance.

This device is mainly used for scientific research of the atmosphere.

There is also known a method of forming acoustic oscillations in the atmosphere using a system of exclusive modular acoustic installations distributed on the ground over the nodes of a two-dimensional or three-dimensional lattice and forming a phase-active antenna on the ground.

This method provides an active influence on meteorological processes and weathering through the use of acoustic radiation to change the nature of kinetic processes in the atmosphere and accelerates the condensation growth of large droplets in a cloudy environment by remotely affecting a certain part of the atmosphere with directed acoustic radiation with a frequency of acoustic emitters of air overpressure oscillations of the order of 4.5 ÷ 5.5 Hz [5].

The disadvantages of this method include the need for pre-deployment on the ground of the grid, consisting of modular acoustic installations, which are located in the nodes of the phase-active antenna array, which makes it unsuitable for operational use during the processing of highly hazardous clouds.

Also known device for generating acoustic waves in the atmosphere, consisting of an ionizer, formed by two sound-permeable and associated with a source of constant voltage and a modulator of sound waves electrodes, between which is located the ionizing electrode [6].

The disadvantages of this device should be attributed to its low efficiency and small radius of operation, as a result of which the device can be used mainly for influencing the air in limited quantities (for example, to disperse fog or a smoke screen in industrial premises, roads or public places).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the device impact on the atmosphere of acoustic shock waves, in which the shock wave is formed in the reactor of the installation after ignition of the combustible acetylene mixture.

When a spark ignition is supplied to the reactor (combustion chamber), gas fuel breaks down, the pressure rises sharply, and as a result, a powerful shock wave is formed with an overpressure at the output P = 3 ÷ 8 kPa, which corresponds to the intensity (J = 166 dB).

The Mach number of the shock wave is M = 4.46, the pulse duration is ~ 20 ms, the average energy per pulse is ~ 600 kJ (assuming 100% conversion of the fuel energy into the energy of the shock wave).

The shock wave is directed vertically upward through a conical horn extending from the reactor with a length of E ~ 400 cm, the diameter of which at the outlet is ~ 80 cm (the opening angle of the horn α is 8 °).

The unit operates in a pulse-periodic mode with a repetition rate of 4 ÷ 6 s [7].

The installation contains a reactor (combustion chamber), which is a cylindrical body with a rounded bottom and a rounded upper part, passing into the neck. The reactor is equipped with a gas inlet through which the working gas is supplied to it. The bottom of the reactor is firmly fixed on the concrete support site support racks. The reactor in its lower part has an air inlet, which is equipped with an exhaust valve that opens inwards, and is designed to ensure the flow of air into the reactor after each ignition cycle. A solenoid inlet valve controls the flow of acetylene from the external reservoir to the central part of the reactor. For ignition of acetylene gas injected into the reactor, an ignition device is provided consisting of spark gap electrodes and a high voltage generator coil (not shown in the figure). The conical horn has an upper end of a large diameter and a lower end of a small diameter, which is connected to the upper hole in the neck of the reactor.

Through the inlet valve into the reactor filled with air, the working gas (acetylene) is introduced until there is enough gas in the reactor for a complete explosion, leading to a shock wave. Acetylene is mixed with air in the reactor, and a short time after the inlet valve is closed, a spark is placed on the electrodes of the ignition device located inside the reactor, as a result of which the gas mixture explodes.

The operation of the intake valve is controlled by a remote control device.

The impulse of combustion gases (shock wave) is directed upwards by a conic horn, this impulse causes a downward negative pressure that is created in the reactor, as a result of which the exhaust valve opens and air from the environment through the opening in which the exhaust valve is placed fills with great speed reactor.

Strictly speaking, the exhaust valve here performs an auxiliary function, since the reactor is filled with atmospheric air after the explosion of the acetylene mixture through a horn, and the flow rate of air entering through the horn is much less than the flow rate of air entering through the exhaust valve. The function of the exhaust valve is primarily the formation of a counter-current of air that prevents rain or snow from entering the reactor through the horn along with the air. ensuring the stability of the composition of the air mixture in the reactor.

The sound field generated by such a shock wave causes a change in the microstructure of the cloud: the conditions of condensation of large droplets change, and the structure of the hail already formed in the cloud becomes unstable, and this hail falls to the ground as rain or sleet [7].

The main drawback of this installation is the increased risk of explosion, as a result of which the safe operation of the installation requires the provision of a whole range of protective and organizational measures (in particular, the presence of a safe and durable base and fencing, a system of remote control of the installation, reinforced boxes for placing acetylene cylinders, etc. p.), which significantly increases operating costs, and ultimately - the cost of the equipment itself.

The task, which is aimed at solving the claimed technical solution, is to eliminate the possibility of explosion of the reactor installation.

This is achieved due to the fact that in the installation for impacting the atmosphere by acoustic shock waves containing a cylindrical reactor, a conical horn extending upward from the reactor upper part, a main gas inlet located in the reactor upper part and a working gas inlet valve located at the inlet of the gas inlet characterized in that the working gas is air, the reactor is equipped with a horizontal elastic partition dividing the volume V _H from the bottom of the volume V _B of its upper Asti so that _{V H = V B (0,1 ÷} 0,05), rests against the lower end of the horn to the elastic septum, the lower part of the reactor is equipped with additional gas inlet aligned with the main gas inlet, and the lower part of the reactor is equipped with a working gas release valve , open only after closing the inlet valve of the working gas.

The design of the installation of the proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 2), where:

1 - reactor;

2 - valve inlet of the working gas;

3 - the main gas inlet;

3 '- additional gas inlet;

4 - valve for exhaust gas flow;

5 - conical horn;

6 - flexible membrane;

7 - the lower end of the horn;

8 - the upper end of the horn;

9-support reactor rack;

10 - the basic platform.

Since the task posed in the development of this device was to ensure explosion safety in carrying out works on the prevention of hail formation, when fabricating the installation design and selecting the technological modes of the shock wave generation process, the same parameters were chosen as in the prototype [7], viz.

a) design parameters of a horn (angle of a horn opening α = 8 °):

- the length of the horn - 400 cm;

- diameter of the horn at the exit - 80 cm;

- diameter of the horn at the entrance - 24 cm.

b) the maximum pressure of the working gas in the reactor is 6.0 kPa.

c) the periodicity of the shock wave pulse is 5 s.

The ratio of the volumes of the lower V _H and the upper V _B of the reactor parts as V _H = V _B (0.1 ÷ 0.05) was chosen experimentally in order to ensure optimal pressure release conditions in the lower part of the reactor, which ensure the minimum amplitudes of the membrane deformation and increase the duration its operation before breaking.

The frequency of the shock wave pulse is set to be similar to the prototype and equal to 5 s, however, in the general case, its maximum value does not exceed 1 s and is limited only by the establishment time of the stationary gas-dynamic mode in the reactor after inlet of the working gas (air) to a working pressure of 6 kPa.

In our case, the periodicity of the shock wave pulse is the frequency of opening the air release valve from the bottom of the reactor.

An example of the practical implementation of a useful object.

The installation is made of flanged joints of the main assemblies joined together. FIG. 3 is a schematic assembly drawing of the installation, explaining the detailing of the installation and the installation procedure.

The body of the reactor A is a steel cylinder 150 cm long with a wall thickness of 5 mm, the upper and lower ends of which end with flanges. The lower part of the body of the reactor And fastened with a hemispherical bottom part of the reactor B using a flange connection. The bottom part of the reactor B and the lower part of the body of the reactor A are equipped with gas inlets B ₁ , B ₂ and B _3, respectively, at the ends of which there are also mounting flanges. The gas inlet B and B _{2 were} attached to the gas inlets B ₁ and B ₂ , after which the inlet and outlet valves respectively were connected to the gas inlets B and B ₃ (respectively, not shown). Between the flange of the reactor body A and the flange of the bottom part of the reactor B, an elastic partition G is fixed, which is a sheet of vacuum rubber 1 mm thick, on the side of which a steel disk D 30 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick is fixed facing the reactor body.

A hemispherical upper lid E is attached to the upper part of the reactor A body, which has an annular opening in its upper part, which passes into a short tube F with a mounting flange at the end.

A horn 3 was mounted through an annular hole in the upper lid E so that its lower end was fixed on the plane of the steel disk D of the elastic partition G. The edge of the lower end of the horn is made rubberized to ensure a reliable junction with the plane of the disk D.

In turn, the horn 3 was fixed on the lid of the reactor E with the aid of the ring flange I.

Steel corners were additionally welded to the body of the reactor A and to the middle part of the horn 3, which ensured the fixation of all the elements of the installation between themselves and with the supporting base (metal plate).

A plant mounted in this way turns out to be completely suitable for influencing the atmosphere with acoustic shock waves, without using explosive mixtures and gases.

Brief description of the installation

First, air from a high-pressure cylinder is supplied to the reactor through the inlet valve until the pressure in the reactor reaches 6 kPa and the stationary regime is established. The charging process takes, as a rule, no more than 3 s, after which the control unit sends a signal to open the exhaust valve, as a result of which the pressure in the lower part of the reactor drops to atmospheric.

This leads to an almost instantaneous squeezing of the elastic partition to the bottom wall of the lower part of the reactor by overpressure of the air volume of the upper part of the reactor located above the partition and access of air compressed to 6 kPa to the lower end of the horn opens.

As a result, a pressure drop occurs in the upper part of the reactor from 6 kPa to zero, which leads to the appearance of a pressure pulse and the formation of a shock wave, which is sent to the horn.

The process of treating the atmosphere with acoustic shock waves using the developed installation is extremely simple and safe and, if necessary, can be fully automated, i.e. possible implementation of the process without human intervention.

In the well-known science and technology solutions to a similar problem, no use was found in installations intended to affect the atmosphere with acoustic shock waves, to replace an explosive mixture with air.

Information sources

1. Nemtsov B.E., Eydman V.Ya. The collective effect of condensation of droplets under the action of sound // Acoustic Journal. 1989. T. 35. Vol. 5. P. 882-886.

2. Galechyan G.A. The influence of acoustic waves on the stimulation of rain // Alternative energy and ecology. 2005. T. 28. No. 8. Pp. 56-61.

3. Vardanyan A.A., Galechyan G.A., Perepelkin V.G., Chunchuzov I.P. On the generation of a shock wave in the installation of grad protection // Journal of technical physics. 2011. T. 81. P. 144-146.

4. Application of the Russian Federation No. 2009130948 A dated August 13, 2009

5. Application of the Russian Federation No. 20101448748 A of November 29, 2010

6. International application number WO 2012/002924 A1 dated January 5, 2012

7. US patent number 5445321 from 08.29.1995, the prototype.

Claims (1)

Installation for anti-hail and anti-threat effects on the atmosphere by shock acoustic waves, containing a cylindrical reactor, extending from the top of the reactor, a conical horn extending upwards, located in the upper part of the reactor, the main gas inlet and the inlet gas inlet valve, characterized by the reactor is equipped with a horizontal elastic partition dividing the volume V _{n of} its lower part from the volume V _in its upper part so that V _n = V _in (0.1 ÷ 0.05), the lower end the horn abuts against the elastic partition, the lower part of the reactor is equipped with an additional gas inlet, combined by means of a combining gas inlet with the main gas inlet, and the lower part of the reactor is equipped with a working gas release valve that opens only after the gas inlet valve is closed, which uses air.

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