RU180681U1 - Coalescent filter for wastewater treatment in oil companies - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for wastewater treatment and is applicable at oil enterprises. The technical device includes a housing with pipelines, two gratings with cells of different diameters, internal elements with holes of various diameters, an inspection tube, a hatch for cleaning of mechanical impurities and suspended solids, heating elements, and a demulsifier supply pipe to increase the rate of separation of oil from water At the same time, heating elements are designed to heat water in order to increase the efficiency of separation of oil from water. Grids are designed to treat wastewater from mechanical FIR impurities and suspended matter, and an observation tube for determining the levels of oil and water. Internal elements are used for coalescence of oil droplets. The technical result is achieved by phased treatment of wastewater from mechanical impurities, suspended solids and oil. At the same time, the process of separating oil from water is accelerated by means of heating elements and the supply of a demulsifier. It should be noted that at the final stage, the separation and removal of oil and water occurs using a sight pipe.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for wastewater treatment at gas stations, oil depots and oil collecting stations and oil producing enterprises.

For the treatment of storm drains from the territory of gas stations, oil gathering stations, their structure should include underground treatment facilities that ensure the treatment of drains to the requirements of maximum permissible concentrations for sewage on the ground, in urban storm sewers or in fishery ponds. For these purposes, treatment facilities of both domestic and foreign production that meet the specified requirements can be used [Bondar V.A., Zorya E.I., Tsagareli D.V. Operations with petroleum products. M .: AOZT “Parity”, 1999 - 338 s]. The main indicator of the operation of treatment facilities is the quality of treatment. Industrial and wastewater before being discharged from the territory of a gas station, tank farms into a city storm sewer or into a reservoir should be treated in accordance with existing regulatory requirements to a concentration of oil products of 0.05 mg / l. The concentration of suspended solids should not exceed 10.5 mg / l. [V.G. Kovalenko V.G., Zorya E.I., Frolov Yu.N. Ecological safety in oil products supply systems and automobile transport. Tutorial. M. LLC "Center LitNefteGaz", 2004 -176 S.].

At gas stations, oil depots and oil collection points, wastewater is polluted with gasoline, diesel fuel, motor oil and gear oils. All of the listed petroleum products and oil are fuels and lubricants. Petroleum products and oil form water-fuel emulsions with water. The most durable emulsions form fuels and lubricants having a density close to the density of water (oil, oils).

Known stationary wastewater treatment plant NPP ROSEKS [[Cooper V.A., Zorya E.I., Tsagareli D.V. Operations with petroleum products. M .: AOZT “Parity”, 1999 - 338 s]. This installation is designed for deep wastewater treatment at gas stations and tank farms. The installation consists of an oil trap, a coarse filter, a wastewater pump for treatment, a thin-layer unit, six pressure stages of purification, instrumentation, an automation and alarm unit, a tank for collecting oil products and mechanical impurities, a compressor and process pipelines.

The first stage is a thin-walled block filled with granular filter material. In the first stage, sand, solids and coarse oil are separated.

The second stage, three quarters of the volume, is filled with filter material and has a drainage layer. With the passage of wastewater through the filter and drainage layers, oil droplets coarsen and float.

The third and fourth stage are aerators. The diffusion of molecules of dissolved oil products and their flotation takes place in them.

The fifth and sixth steps are filled with sorbent material. Here the sorption of the remaining particles of petroleum products and their dissolved part occurs. The plant capacity is 5 m ³ / h.

The disadvantages of this installation when treating wastewater at gas stations and tank farms are:

1. A large number of bootable consumables, which causes high operating costs;

2. Low cleaning efficiency of water-fuel emulsions;

3. The inability to collect petroleum products in a separate tank.

до 200

и в резервуар для чистой воды. Эта же электронасосная установка предназначена для откачки по технологическому трубопроводу загрязненной сточной воды в фильтр грубой очистки, фильтр тонкой очистки мембранного типа и в резервуар для чистой воды. Вторая электронасосная установка используется для подачи чистой воды через заборную трубу по трубопроводу чистой воды в городскую ливневую канализацию или на грунт. Вторая электронасосная установка также служит для самоочистки фильтров тонкой и грубой очистки.Also known is a wastewater treatment plant at a gas station with additional filtration of mechanical impurities and oil products [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Utility Model Patent No. 120963 of 10/10/2012]. In this installation, a cone-type filter-settler with valves and pipelines for removing mechanical impurities is equipped with a wastewater receiving grate having a receiving pipe with a valve. Also, additional sumps are equipped with two filter screens, with cells of different diameters. Sump filters are connected via a process pipe to a wastewater collection tank, in which two intake pipes are mounted: an upper pipe for collecting oil products with an upper layer of wastewater and a lower pipe for pumping wastewater. The installation includes two electric pump installations. The first electric pump installation is designed to pump oil with an upper layer of water into the filter for cleaning from fuels and lubricants with a sorbent component. Then the water purified from oil products is fed into a fine filter of membrane type with increased minimum pore sizes of the cells of the filtering membrane partitions with 50

up to 200

and into the tank for clean water. The same pumping unit is designed for pumping contaminated wastewater through a process pipeline into a coarse filter, a membrane-type fine filter, and into a clean water tank. The second electric pump installation is used to supply clean water through an intake pipe through a clean water pipeline to an urban storm sewer or to the ground. The second electric pump unit also serves for self-cleaning of fine and coarse filters.

Installation works as follows. Through a grate for receiving wastewater, a receiving pipe with an open gate, contaminated wastewater with mechanical impurities and oil products enters the first filter sump. In the sump, part of the mechanical impurities due to gravitational forces is deposited at the bottom of the sump filter. Mechanical impurities of a larger diameter are retained by the first mesh, and of a smaller diameter by a second mesh. After passing the sump, water enters the wastewater collection tank, where it settles. After that, with the help of an electrical installation, through the upper intake pipe and the corresponding gate valve, the oil product with the upper layer of water enters the filter for cleaning from fuels and lubricants with a sorbent component. Then, purified from oil products, water flows through a process pipeline into a fine filter of membrane type, and after filtration into a tank for clean water. After pumping out the oil product with the upper layer of water by means of an electric pump installation, a contaminated wastewater is fed into the coarse filter through a pipe and process pipe with an appropriate corresponding valve, then into a fine filter of a membrane type and into a tank for clean water.

Pure water from the tank is pumped out by a second electric pump installation through an intake pipe through a clean water pipeline to the city storm sewer or to the ground.

до 200

. В связи с этим повышается производительность установки со 150 л/час до 300 л/час.Additional filtration of the oil product with the upper layer of water in the filter for cleaning from fuels and lubricants with a sorbent component allows you to increase the minimum pore size of the cells of the filtering membrane partitions from 50

up to 200

. In this regard, the productivity of the installation increases from 150 l / h to 300 l / h.

The disadvantages of the installation of wastewater treatment at gas stations with additional filtering of mechanical impurities and oil products are:

1. Low accuracy of the intake of petroleum products through the upper intake pipe.

2. The ingress of a large amount of water into the filter for cleaning from fuels and lubricants with a sorbent component.

3. Low cleaning efficiency of water-fuel emulsions.

Also known installation of wastewater treatment at gas stations with additional pumping of oil into a separate tank [Matveev Yu.A. and others. Patent for utility model No. 143110 dated 06/10/2014]. In this installation, a cone-type filter-settler with valves and pipelines for removing mechanical impurities is equipped on a grate for wastewater reception, having a receiving pipe with a valve. Also, additional sumps are equipped with two filter screens, with cells of different diameters. Sump filters are connected via a process pipe to a wastewater collection tank, in which two intake pipes are mounted: an upper pipe for collecting oil products with an upper layer of wastewater and a lower pipe for pumping wastewater. The sewage treatment plant includes two electric pump units. The first electric pump unit is designed for pumping oil with an upper layer of water into a separate tank for collecting oil products. The same pumping unit is designed for pumping contaminated wastewater through a process pipeline into a coarse filter, a membrane-type fine filter, and into a clean water tank. The second electric pump installation is used to supply clean water through an intake pipe through a clean water pipeline to an urban storm sewer or to the ground. The electric pump installation also serves for self-cleaning of fine and coarse filters.

A separate reservoir for collecting petroleum products using a process pipeline is connected to a reservoir for collecting wastewater. An observation device is mounted on the process pipeline below the tank to separate oil products from water. Also, for the purpose of taking petroleum products from the tank, the intake pipe is inserted into a sealed swivel located in a pipe of a larger diameter. The length of the intake pipe is regulated by a sealed swivel.

A pipeline and an electric pump unit are designed for pumping from a tank filled with oil.

Installation works as follows. Through the grate and the intake pipe, contaminated wastewater with mechanical impurities, suspended solids and oil products enters the first filter sump. In the sump, part of the mechanical impurities is deposited at the bottom of the sump. Mechanical impurities are retained by filter screens. After passing the sump, water enters the wastewater collection tank, where it settles. Then, with the help of an electrical installation, through the upper intake pipe, the oil product with the upper layer of water enters a separate tank for collecting oil products. After pumping out the oil product with the upper layer of water by means of an electric pump installation, a contaminated wastewater is fed into the coarse filter through a pipe and process pipe with an appropriate corresponding valve, then into a fine filter of a membrane type and into a tank for clean water. Pure water from the tank is pumped out by a second electric pump installation through an intake pipe through a clean water pipeline to the city storm sewer or to the ground.

From the reservoir for collecting oil products, the settled water through a pipeline enters an inspection device for separating oil products from water. When petroleum products appear in the sight glass, the operator closes the corresponding valve.

The disadvantages of a wastewater treatment plant at gas stations with additional pumping of oil products into a separate tank are:

1. The lack of accuracy of the intake of petroleum products through the upper intake pipe.

2. Low cleaning efficiency of water-fuel emulsions.

Also known installation of wastewater treatment from oil and oil products using a coalescent filter [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model No. 158366 of 12/27/2015]. On the grate for receiving wastewater having a receiving pipe with a valve, two settling filters are equipped. Sump filters are connected via a process pipe to a vertical sewage tank. The wastewater treatment plant includes electric pump installations. An electric pump installation is designed for pumping fuel with an upper layer of water into a separate tank for collecting oil products (oil). The same pumping unit is designed for pumping contaminated wastewater through a process pipeline into a coarse filter, a membrane-type fine filter, and into a clean water tank. An electric pump installation is used to supply clean water through an intake pipe through a clean water pipeline to an urban storm sewer. The electric pump installation also serves for self-cleaning of fine and coarse filters. After self-cleaning the filters, the sludge with water is piped into the sludge tank. A separate tank is connected via a process pipe to a wastewater collection tank. An observation device for separating oil products from water is mounted on the process pipeline below the tank, which includes a housing, a sight glass and flange connections. The wastewater collection tank is equipped with a coalescent filter. Coalescence filter consists of elements. The elements have holes of various diameters. The intake pipe is equipped with flexible hoses that are connected to the suction head. The suction head is mounted on the float and lowered to a depth of 2 to 5 mm. An electric pump unit is designed for pumping from a vertical tank filled with oil or oil.

The utility model works as follows. Through the grate for receiving wastewater, contaminated wastewater with mechanical impurities, suspended solids and oil products enters the first filter sump. In the sump, part of the mechanical impurities due to gravitational forces is deposited at the bottom of the sump filter. After passing the sump, water enters the wastewater collection tank, which is equipped with a coalescent filter. Water passes under the lower filter element. Due to the lower specific gravity of oil and oil products compared to the specific gravity of water, they rise up and come into contact with the surface of the element, while drops of oil and oil products slide along the surface of the element and accumulate. Then, through the hole in the elements, droplets of oil products (oil) flow into the gap between the lower, middle and upper elements. There is a process of enlargement of droplets of petroleum products with further flow of drops through the holes. After this, drops of oil products rise into the upper layer of liquid. After that, with the help of an electrical installation, through the intake pipe with flexible hoses through the slots of the suction heads, the oil product (oil) with the upper layer of water enters a separate tank.

After pumping out fuels and lubricants using an electric pump, the contaminated waste water is fed through a pipe and process pipe to a coarse filter, then to a membrane-type fine filter and to a clean water tank. Pure water from the tank is pumped out by the second electric pump installation into the city storm sewer or to the ground. Settled water from the reservoir through the pipeline enters an inspection device for separating oil products from water. The operator through the sight glass monitors the movement of water. When fuels and lubricants appear in the sight glass, it closes the corresponding valve.

The disadvantages of the installation of wastewater treatment from oil and oil products using coalescent are:

1. Inadequate cleaning efficiency of water-fuel emulsions with a coalescent filter.

2. Low productivity of the installation due to the use of membrane filters.

3. The complexity and high cost of installation.

Closest to the indicated problem is a coalescent filter for wastewater treatment from oil products, solids and suspended solids [Matveev Yu.A. and others. Patent for utility model No. 172536 of 07/11/2017]. A coalescence filter having a sewage receiving pipe with a valve, pipelines for the delivery of clean water and oil products, is equipped with two gratings with cells of different diameters. At the same time, cells of a larger diameter are located on the lower lattice, and smaller ones on the upper one. Also, the coalescence filter is equipped with internal elements. The elements have holes of various diameters. A sight pipe is mounted in the upper part of the coalescence filter to separate oil products from water. Also, the lower part of the filter is equipped with a hatch for cleaning from mechanical impurities and suspended solids.

The utility model works as follows. Through the intake pipe, with an open valve, contaminated wastewater with mechanical impurities, suspended solids and oil products enters the coalescent filter. In the filter, part of the mechanical impurities is deposited at the bottom due to gravitational forces. Mechanical impurities of a larger diameter are retained by the lower lattice, and of a smaller diameter by the upper lattice. Suspended substances are also retained by gratings. Further, water with oil products passes under the lower element of the coalescent filter. Due to the lower specific gravity of petroleum products compared with the specific gravity of water, they rise up and come into contact with the surface of the element, while oil droplets glide along the surface of the element and accumulate. Thus, their coalescence occurs. Then, through the hole in the lower element, oil droplets flow into the gap between the lower and middle elements. There, a similar process of enlargement of oil product droplets at the surface of the intermediate element takes place, with further droplet flowing through the holes into the gap between the middle and upper element. After this, droplets of petroleum products in a similar way through the hole of the upper element rise into the upper layer of liquid. After filling the filter, the valve of the inlet pipe closes. Using an inspection tube, the operator sets the levels of oil and water. Then he, using the sight pipe, discharges the oil product into a separate tank through the dispensing pipe. After that, the operator begins to drain clean water through the dispensing pipeline.

The disadvantages of the coalescence filter for wastewater treatment from petroleum products, solids and suspended solids are:

1. Inadequate cleaning efficiency of water-fuel emulsions with a coalescent filter.

2. The low speed of separation of water from oil and oil products. The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment from oil products.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the coalescence filter is additionally equipped with heating elements for heating wastewater, as well as a demulsifier supply pipe to increase the rate of separation of oil from water.

Coalescence is the process of enlargement (fusion) of the droplets of the dispersed phase of the emulsion with the complete loss of the separating interface. A coalescence filter is a housing with elements in the upper part of which holes of various diameters are made. Elements are made in the form of the upper part of an ellipsoid.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, the cost of equipment of a technical device is significantly reduced, the rate of separation of oil from water is increased, and there is no need for sorbents and additional filters.

At oil producing enterprises, oil, mixing with water, forms a stable water-fuel emulsion, for the destruction of which it is necessary to use demulsifiers (special reagents for separating water from oil). The heating process also increases the rate of separation of water from oil. Water mixes most strongly with oil with the occurrence of an emulsion during accidents and leaks, as well as during the spring flood.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in FIG. 1, which shows a section of the proposed coalescence filter.

A coalescence filter 1 having a waste water intake pipe 2, with a valve 3, pipelines for delivering clean water 4 and oil (oil products) 5, is equipped with two gratings 6, 7 with cells of different diameters 8. At the same time, cells of a larger diameter are located on the lower grate, and on the upper smaller diameter. Grids are designed for the treatment of wastewater from mechanical impurities and suspended solids.

Also, the coalescence filter is equipped with internal elements 9. The elements have openings 10 of various diameters. In this case, the smallest diameter of the hole on the bottom element, and the largest on the top. Elements are thin corrugated plates made of polyvinyl chloride, which have the ability to attract particles of oil products and draw water. Corrugated plates are self-cleaning. When water flows through them, vibration of the plates is formed. This creates the conditions for the emergence of enlarged particles of oil and sedimentation from the plates, adhering substances.

In the upper part of the coalescence filter, a sight pipe 11 is mounted to separate oil from water.

The lower part of the filter is equipped with a hatch 12 for cleaning from mechanical impurities and suspended solids.

The filter is also equipped with heating elements 13 and a demulsifier supply pipe 14 with a valve 3. Heating elements are designed to heat wastewater 15. Heating wastewater increases the rate of separation of water from oil and oil products.

The introduction of a demulsifier into a water-oil (water-fuel) emulsion makes it possible to increase the rate of separation of water from oil and oil products and to improve the quality of the separation process. The demulsifier is piped using a metering pump from a separate tank.

The utility model works as follows. Through the intake pipe 2, with the open valve 3, the contaminated wastewater 15 with mechanical impurities 16, suspended solids 17 and oil 18 enters the coalescent filter 1. After the wastewater arrives, the heating elements 13 are turned on. Depending on the contamination of the wastewater with oil, the operator decides to supply (lack of supply) of the demulsifier through the pipe 14 using a metering pump from a separate container. When feeding the demulsifier, the valve 3 of the pipeline 14 opens. In the filter, part of the mechanical impurities 16 is deposited at the bottom due to gravitational forces. The mechanical impurities of a larger diameter are retained by the grate 6, and of a smaller diameter by the grate 7. Also suspended materials 17 are retained by the gratings.

Next, water with oil (oil products) passes under the lower element 9 of the coalescent filter. The rate of entry of water into the filter is controlled by the corresponding valve 3 of the inlet pipe 2. Due to the lower specific gravity of the oil 18 as compared to the specific gravity of the water, the oil rises and contacts the surface of the element, while oil droplets glide along the surface of the element and accumulate. Thus, their coalescence occurs. Then, through the hole in the lower element 10, oil droplets flow into the gap between the lower and middle elements. There, a similar process of enlargement of oil droplets at the surface of the intermediate element takes place with further flow of the droplets through the holes into the gap between the middle and upper element. After this, drops of oil in a similar manner through the hole 10 of the upper element 9 rise into the upper layer of liquid. Since the diameter of the hole of the lower element is minimal, medium, and the maximum of the upper element, a gradual increase in the size of oil droplets occurs, i.e. their additional coalescence.

After filling the filter, the valve 3 of the inlet pipe 2 closes. Using the sight pipe 11, the operator sets the oil and water levels. Then he, using the sight pipe, discharges the oil (oil product) into a separate tank through the discharge pipe 5. After that, through the dispensing pipe 4, the operator begins to drain clean water. When filling the bottom of the filter with mechanical impurities and suspended solids, the operator opens the hatch 12 and cleans the filter from sediment. Wastewater treatment through a coalescent filter allows you to increase the productivity of the installation, to abandon expensive sorbents and filters for treating water from oil and oil products, as well as the delivery of oil for processing can bring economic benefits.

Claims (1)

Coalescent filter for wastewater treatment at oil-producing enterprises, including a housing and elements with holes of various diameters, a hatch for cleaning of mechanical impurities, gratings with cells of various diameters, an inspection tube, characterized in that the coalescent filter is additionally equipped with heating elements for heating wastewater, as well as a demulsifier feed line to increase the rate of separation of oil from water.

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