RU172675U1 - CAMERA OF THE INCREASED PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to small arms cartridges and more specifically to the design of cartridges with an armor-piercing bullet. An increased penetration cartridge includes a cartridge case with an igniter capsule, propellant powder charge, a bullet containing a shell, a carbide core and a lead jacket, while the carbide core has a head part, made in the form of a conjugate straight and truncated cones, and the tail, made in the form of a truncated cone. The core is located from the tip of the bullet at a distance of (1.1-1.3) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet, and with emphasis on the larger base of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell. The angle of the generatrix of the straight cone of the head of the core is from 121 ° to 130 °. A free compensating cavity is formed between the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail, limited by the stop of the larger base of the truncated cone of the head of the core and the front base of the lead shirt. The core can also be located with the emphasis of the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell. It is preferable if the volume of the free compensating cavity is from 20 to 50% of the volume formed by the contour of the inner surface of the shell and the contour of the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail of the core. crystals, 3 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to cartridges of small arms and more specifically to the design of cartridges with an armor-piercing bullet.

The cartridge with an armor-piercing bullet is designed to defeat manpower, protected by means of individual armor protection, and lightly armored vehicles.

Recently, special attention has been paid to the development of high-precision sniper systems, which are subject to increased requirements for the probability of hitting a target both protected and not protected by means of individual armor protection (hereinafter referred to as NIB).

It is known that there is a direct correlation between the probability of hitting protected targets and such parameters as the penetration range and dispersion characteristic (accuracy of fire). At the same time, penetration of body armor increases the value of the probability of damage by 2-2.5 times. Thus, in order to accomplish tasks aimed at destroying the enemy at medium and long distances (over 400 m), it is necessary to strive to obtain the maximum possible penetration range of the NIB and dispersion parameters sufficient to hit the target at a given firing range.

Known bullet cartridge small arms (patent RU No. 2556399, publ. 07/10/2015), used in the 5.45 mm cartridge improved accuracy of fire, which is made with a sequential arrangement of cores. The bullet contains a shell, lead and steel cores. The head part of the steel core is made in the form of a combination of conical and animated parts, and the rear part is cylindrical. The steel core provides the penetrative ability of the bullet due to its hardness and strength, and the lead core - cutting, guiding and obturation of the bullet along the cuts of the barrel channel due to its ductility. The sequential arrangement of the cores provides sniper accuracy of fire. However, the use of such a scheme does not allow the elongated core to be located in the pool, which is longer than the inner cavity of the head of the shell, since the core will come into contact with the inner surface of the leading part of the shell of the bullet, and accordingly the penetration, guiding and obturation of the bullet along the cuts of the barrel channel will be worsened, which is significantly reduce the resource of the bore. It follows that the use of a sequential scheme provides sniper accuracy of fire, however, it does not allow the use of a strong and solid core of greater length to provide increased penetration ability of the bullet.

Known bullet cartridge small arms (patent RU No. 2468332, publ. 11/27/2012), used in 7.62-mm sniper cartridge with armor-piercing bullet BS. The bullet contains a shell, a lead shirt and a core. The core is made in the form of a combination of two truncated cones, which are the head and tail. The generators of the truncated cone of the head part are made at an angle of 20.0-65.0 ° with a diameter of a smaller base of 0.02-0.3 caliber. The generators of the truncated cone of the tail are made with an angle from 15 ′ to 1 °. The core is mounted in the shell with the fixation of its position - in front in the zone of the head of the shell, and in the back by focusing on the truncated cone of the tail of the core through the lead jacket on the inner surface of the shell.

The disadvantage is the small range of armor penetration and, as a result, the maximum possible effectiveness in defeating enemy manpower, protected by ISS, which have recently improved significantly.

Known core armor-piercing bullets with improved penetration (patent RU No. 2409802, publ. 20.01.2011), which can be used in bullets of machine guns and rifle cartridges with high penetration. The core is made of hard alloy and consists of the head and tail parts. The head has a lively shape, mating with a cone made at an angle from 90 ° to 120 °, the top of the head has a rounding with a radius of 0.2 to 0.6 mm, a truncated cone, mating with its large base with a large base of the tail, has angle from 20 ° to 80 °. The tail of the core has the form of a cylinder and a truncated cone interconnected. The core surface is additionally coated with a carbide or carbonitride or metal nitride, and the coating thickness varies from 20.0 μm at the top of the head of the core to 1.0 μm at the tail of the core.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of manufacturing the core with the above parameters and controlling the variable thickness of the coating of its surfaces, which leads to the inevitable rise in price of its manufacture and as a result of the final product, i.e. armor-piercing cartridge, which is unacceptable in conditions of large-scale production of cartridges.

Known cartridge increased penetration (patent RU No. 2438092, publ. 12/27/2011), which is selected as a prototype. The cartridge contains a bullet, a steel sleeve with an igniter capsule and a propellant powder charge. The bullet consists of a shell, core and lead shirt. The core is made of hard alloy and consists of the head and tail parts. The head part of the core is cone-shaped and is formed by a straight line and / or an arc of a circle, which is the conjugation arc between the line forming the cone and the line forming the cylindrical part of the shank. The tail portion is in the form of a cylinder, or a truncated cone, or interconnected cylinder and a truncated cone.

Such a cartridge has the following structural disadvantages. The implementation of a lead shirt, covering the entire surface of the tail of the core, contributes to a change in the shape of each bullet individually and, accordingly, its non-identity with each shot. This leads to a reduction in the accuracy of firing, which makes it impossible to use such a technical solution in cartridges for sniper shooting. In addition, the core has a non-optimal location relative to the nose of the bullet, which leads to a decrease in the range of penetration and deterioration of accuracy of fire.

The technical problem is the creation of a new small arms cartridge with a bullet of increased penetration ability and the effectiveness of defeating enemy manpower, protected by NIB, over long distances while maintaining accuracy of fire at the level of a sniper cartridge.

The indicated problem is solved as follows. The cartridge with increased penetration, including such well-known and traditional design features as: a sleeve with an igniter capsule, propellant powder charge, a bullet containing a shell, a carbide core, a lead shirt, while the carbide core has a head made in the form of a pair of straight and truncated cones, and the tail, made in the form of a truncated cone, has the following distinctive features. The core is located from the tip of the bullet at a distance of (1.1-1.3) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet, and with emphasis on the larger base of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell. The angle of the generatrix of the straight cone of the head of the core is from 121 ° to 130 °. A free compensating cavity is formed between the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail portion, limited by the stop of the larger base of the truncated cone of the head part of the core and the front base of the lead shirt.

In addition, the core can be located with simultaneous emphasis on the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell.

It is also preferable if the volume of the free compensating cavity will be from 20 to 50% of the volume formed by the contour of the inner surface of the shell and the contour of the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail of the core.

The technical result consists in increasing the range of penetration of the barrier with increasing accuracy of fire.

In more detail, the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which depict the following:

FIG. 1 - General view of the cartridge (longitudinal section);

FIG. 2 - general view of the bullet (longitudinal section) - a) the core is located with emphasis on the larger base of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the shell; b) the core is located with simultaneous emphasis on the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell.

The positions indicated in the drawings indicate the main structural elements of the cartridge, and their relative position is clearly demonstrated.

The cartridge contains a sleeve with a primer 1, propellant powder charge 2, bullet 3. Bullet 3 contains a metal shell 4, carbide core 5 and a lead shirt 6, made in the form of a cup. The shell 4 contains a head animated part, a leading cylindrical part and a tail conical part made with a hem to prevent the flow of a lead shirt during a shot. The core 5 has a head part made in the form of a conjugated straight cone 7 and a truncated cone 8, and a tail part made in the form of a truncated cone 9. The core is located from the tip of the bullet at a distance l of (1.1-1.3) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet. Generators of the straight cone of the head of the core can be made at an angle a ranging from 121 ° to 130 °. The core 5 is supported by the large base of the truncated cone 8 on the inner surface of the head of the shell 4. As an embodiment, the core 5 can rest on the inner surface of the head of the shell 4 with both the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone 8. In the pool between the inner surface of the shell 4 and the outer surface a truncated cone 9 of the core is provided with a free compensating cavity 10, which is limited by the emphasis of the larger base of the truncated cone 8 and the front base jacket 6. Preferably, the volume of the free compensating cavity will be from 20 to 50% of the volume formed by the contour of the inner surface of the shell and the contour of the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail of the core.

High penetration cartridge works as follows.

The drummer of the weapon punctures the igniter capsule which ignites, and through the ignition hole the flame passes to the propellant charge. During the combustion of the propellant powder charge, the pressure inside the confined space of the cartridge rises. When the force pressure is reached, the sleeve is deformed to the dimensions of the chamber of the weapon, and the bullet is separated from the sleeve, starting to crash into the grooves of the barrel channel. During insertion, the bullet is reduced in diameter to the size of the cross section of the barrel bore, while the lead of the bullet shirt flows into the internal compensating cavity, since the shirt is pressed from the back by flowing powder gases through the barrel bore. Thus, the shape of the bullets remains as identical as possible from shot to shot, which is a positive factor affecting the increase in the accuracy of fire. In the event of a collision with an obstacle, the shell of the bullet is destroyed, thereby releasing the hard-alloy armor-piercing core, which, penetrating with its head part, having a straight cone with an apex angle made in the range from 121 ° to 130 °, creates high contact loads, leading to an increase in local temperature barriers and their subsequent plastic deformation of the conical surface of the core.

The advantages and advantages of the proposed cartridge high-penetration, advantageously positioning it on the market for similar products, are its design differences.

The location of the core from the tip of the bullet at a distance of (1.1-1.3) d is the optimal geometric parameter. Fixing the core at a distance from the tip of the bullet less than 1.1d can lead to an excessive displacement of the center of mass to the head of the bullet and the deterioration of accuracy of fire. Increasing the distance above 1.3d will lead to a shift in the center of mass to the tail of the bullet and to a deterioration in its stability in flight and, therefore, will negatively affect the range of penetration of the obstacle.

Consistently located conjugated straight and truncated cones of the head part of the core and the execution of the angle of the generatrix of the straight cone from 121 ° to 130 ° provide the most effective penetration of the core into the barrier, reduce the resistance of the barrier, contact stresses in the area of the hole and increase the breakdown effect of the bullet.

The location of the core with the emphasis on the larger base of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell allows the assembly to provide the necessary reliability of fixing the elements that make up the bullet, thereby maintaining the constancy of the center of mass of the bullet in flight over the entire distance, and therefore increase the accuracy firing at long range penetration. In addition, an additional positive factor from the use of such core fixation is the reduction of technological requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing and surface treatment of the truncated cone of the head of the armor-piercing core.

The location of the core with the simultaneous emphasis of the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell allows to increase the mounting density of the carbide core and ensures its more accurate location relative to the axis of rotation of the bullet, which reduces eccentricity and also positively affects the accuracy of fire.

The presence in the pool of a free compensating cavity formed between the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the core facilitates the flow of lead into this cavity when the bullet cuts into the grooves of the barrel channel, this ensures the stability of the shape factor of the bullet, which has a positive effect on increasing the accuracy of fire.

The volume of the free compensating cavity, which is from 20 to 50% of the volume formed by the contour of the inner surface of the shell and the contour of the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail of the core, is the optimal value. An increase in volume above the specified limit of 50% will be excessive, and this will impair the density of the mounting elements of the bullet. A decrease in volume below 20% will not be sufficient for the flow of lead, which will lead to a deterioration in the shape factor of the bullet and, consequently, to reduce the accuracy of fire.

The implementation of the tail of the bullet of the proposed cartridge in the form of a truncated cone improves external ballistic characteristics and reduces speed loss and kinetic energy at a distance, which is an additional positive effect of the utility model and helps to increase the range of armor penetration and the effectiveness of damage.

According to the design of the proposed cartridge, a complex of theoretical and experimental and experimental work was carried out, confirming an increase in the penetration range of bulletproof vest 6B23-1 by more than 10% in comparison with the analogue. Data on the results of determining the range of penetration of obstacles amounted to over 800 m for a cartridge made in caliber 8.6 × 69 mm.

Moreover, the claimed cartridge increased penetration underwent comparative tests, which ended with a positive result. Data on the test results are shown in table 1.

The table shows that the implementation of the cartridge with the above design features contributes to a significant increase in the range of penetration of armored barriers in comparison with the best foreign cartridge, made in the same caliber. The value of the obtained result on the accuracy of fire for the claimed cartridge with increased penetration is a very high indicator and is in the range of fulfilled requirements currently imposed by law enforcement agencies on sniper cartridges.

The cartridge of increased penetration is simple in design and quite technologically advanced to manufacture.

Thus, the improvement in the cartridge of increased penetration of the design of an armor-piercing bullet with a carbide core allows the utility model to achieve a technical result in increasing the penetration range with good accuracy of fire.

Claims (3)

1. The cartridge with increased penetration, including a sleeve with an igniter capsule, propellant powder charge, a bullet containing a shell, a carbide core and a lead jacket, while the carbide core has a head part made in the form of conjugated straight and truncated cones, and a tail part made in the form of a truncated cone, characterized in that the core is located from the tip of the bullet at a distance of (1.1-1.3) d, where d is the caliber of the bullet, and with emphasis on the larger base of the truncated cone of its head part on the inside The surface of the head of the shell, the angle of the generatrix of the straight cone of the head of the core is from 121 ° to 130 °, a free compensating cavity is formed between the inner surface of the shell and the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail, limited by the larger base of the truncated cone of the head of the core and the front base of the lead shirt . 2. The cartridge with increased penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that the core is located with simultaneous emphasis on the larger and smaller bases of the truncated cone of its head on the inner surface of the head of the shell. 3. The cartridge with increased penetration according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the free compensating zone is from 20 to 50% of the volume formed by the contour of the inner surface of the shell and the contour of the outer surface of the truncated cone of the tail of the core.

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