RU127380U1 - INSTALLATION OF JOINT THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF OIL Sludge Or Acidic Tar And Solid Natural Fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation of joint thermochemical processing of oil sludge or acid tar and solid fossil fuels, characterized by the presence of a coal crusher (shale) with a feed hopper, an elevator of ground coal (shale), a feed hopper of ground coal (shale) with a sector feeder, auger coal conveyor (shale) ) and a conveyor belt for oil sludge (acid tar), which are connected with the loading funnel of the mixer-granulator, mixer-granulator of solid fuel and oil sludge (acid tar), connected through a sect a donor feeder and elevator with an intermediate hopper of the raw material mixture, the presence of a suspended layer dryer, connected by a piping system with a thermocracking reactor, the presence of a pipeline for supplying a gas-vapor mixture from a thermocracking reactor to a condensation system, with a screw cooler for the solid residue (semi-coke) sent to the warehouse, while the vapor-gas mixture condensation system consists of two series-connected air condensers, a collector of a heavy (high-boiling) resin fraction, a storage tank boiling fractions kondenstata, storage capacitance for suspension kaltsiya.2 sulfate. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermocracking reactor is a cylindrical apparatus with a horizontal rotary mixing device (twin-shaft, blade) and a jacket connected by gas ducts to the furnace and a suspended layer dryer. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace of the thermocracking reactor is connected via a gas duct to non-condensable combustible gases from the condensation system and the air supply line. Installation

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of the oil refining industry and can be used for complex processing of oil sludge and acid tars - oil-containing waste products with the extraction of oil products from them and the disposal of the solid phase in the form of commercial products.

Known technical solution "Complex for the processing and disposal of oil sludge" (RF Patent No. 88663 by application No. 2009128473/22 of 07/22/2009. Registered and published: 11/20/2009. Bull. No. 32; IPC C01G 1/00, C10G 31 / 10, V03V 9/06), containing a receiving heated container with a mixing device, a strainer, an intermediate heated container with a mixing device, a unit for preparing solutions of chemical reagents, a high-speed three-phase centrifuge, a thermal desorber and a briquetting system for heat-treated materials.

It is known "Production Department for the processing of oil sludge to obtain marketable products (RF Patent No. 81723 by application No. 2008147923/22 of 04/04/2008. Regist. And publ.: 03/27/2009. Bull. No. 9; IPC С04В 18/04 C08J 11 / 00 F23G 7/05), including a receiving tank, a reactor-repulpator, a settling-separation column, a three-phase centrifuge, a mixer for dehydrated sludge with limestone, a calcining furnace and a plant for grinding calcined material.

The disadvantages of these technical solutions are the use of chemical reagents - coagulants, demulsifiers and flocculants, surfactants, calcium chloride, as well as volatile oil fractions requiring additional complex wastewater treatment, low degree of utilization of the chemical potential of oily waste.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a utility model - "Industrial installation for the processing of oil sludge" (Patent PM No. 81494 by application No. 2008147949/22 dated 04.12.2008. Regist. And publ.: 20.03.2009. Bull. No. 8; IPC С02F 9/00) - adopted as a PROTOTYPE.

The technical solution of the prototype includes a receiving collecting tank for the initial oil sludge, a tank for the preparation of solutions of surface-active substances, a heated reactor-repulpator with a stirrer, a distribution column having a connection with oil and water phases and a solid phase container, a high-speed centrifuge, a reactor -extractor with a mixer connected to a dosing unit and a circulation tank collecting organic solvents - volatile oil fractions, a vacuum filter, a mixer to which a single batcher of ground carbonate and / or calcium oxide, a calcining furnace with a furnace.

The disadvantage of the technical solution for the prototype is the relatively low degree of extraction of oil from the original oil sludge into commercial products, the presence in the circuit of complex devices, such as a high-speed three-phase centrifuge, vacuum filter, extractor, calcining furnace, the use of organic solvents and surface-active compositions in the technological process substances using carbonate or calcium oxide.

The objective of the proposed utility model is the creation of a new industrial installation that ensures the production of liquid (resin) and solid (semi-coke) products from oil waste.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the installation due to the possibility of utilizing oil sludge or acid tar without going through the stages of thorough dehydration and demineralization, eliminating the use of solutions of surfactants and organic solvents, as well as reducing the environmental load on the environment with the simultaneous involvement of two types of large-capacity oil waste (oil sludge and acid sludge).

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that granulation of a mixture of oil sludge (acid tar) with solid fuel (coal or shale) at a given ratio provides granular raw materials with optimal grain size, while the utilized oil sludge or acid tar bypassing the stages of thorough dehydration and demineralization using of three-phase high-speed centrifuges is fed to a suspended-bed dryer heated by flue gases obtained in the furnace by burning gaseous products of thermal cracking an annulled mixture of oil waste and natural solid fuel.

In a high-temperature drum-type thermocracking reactor with a conveying device, the target liquid product (petroleum tar) and solid semi-coke are obtained by cracking a granular feed mixture that is easily transported by a screw. which leads to partial desulfurization of both petroleum coal and semi-coke. The organic components of the raw material mixture at the stage of thermocracking are converted into valuable semi-coke, petroleum coal tar (suitable for sale by consumers) and gas. Thermocracking gas is used to heat a high-performance thermocracking reactor and a suspended bed dryer used for high-tech raw granular raw mixes, marketable petroleum products suitable for sale to consumers.

Semi-coke can be used as a carbon reducing agent in the production of ferroalloys and in non-ferrous metallurgy, technological raw materials for the production of activated carbons, an exhaustive additive to mixtures for coking of coal and other industrial needs, as well as for energy purposes, in particular, for the production of household fuel. Coal tar can be used as energy fuel, as a binder in road construction and briquetted fuel production, and also (after fractionation and hydrotreating) as components of motor fuels.

The problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by developing a joint thermochemical processing unit for oil sludge or acid tars and solid fossil fuels, which contains a coal grinder (shale) with a feed hopper, an elevator for ground coal (shale), a feed hopper for ground coal (shale) with a sector feeder , auger conveyor of coal (shale) and a conveyor belt of oil sludge (sludge tar) associated with the loading funnel of the mixer-granulator, mixer-granulator of solid fuel and oil sludge (acid tar), connected through a sector feeder and elevator with an intermediate hopper of the raw material mixture, a suspended layer dryer, connected by a piping system to a thermocracking reactor, a pipeline for supplying a gas-vapor mixture from a thermocracking reactor to a condensation system, a screw cooler for the solid residue (semi-coke) being sent to the warehouse, while the vapor-gas mixture condensation system consists of two series-connected air condensers, a collector of a heavy (high-boiling) fraction with ols storage capacitance low boiler condensate fractions storage capacitance for suspension of calcium sulphate.

A high-temperature thermocracking reactor is a cylindrical apparatus with a horizontal rotary mixing device (twin-shaft, spatula) and a jacket connected by flues to a furnace and a suspended layer dryer.

The furnace of the thermocracking reactor is connected via a flue to non-condensable combustible gases from the condensation system and the air supply line. The flue gases from the suspended bed dryer are connected to a purification system consisting of a cyclone connected through a shutter — a flasher with a loading funnel of a mixer — a granulator, an absorber irrigated with circulating lime milk, a reactor for introducing fresh lime milk associated with a circulation pump, and a storage tank for suspensions of calcium sulfate.

A feature of the installation is that the mixing of the components of the raw mix is carried out periodically, and drying and thermocracking - continuously.

"Installation of joint thermochemical processing of oil sludge or acid tar and solid fossil fuels" (figure 1), containing the feed hopper of the crusher (1), a coal grinder (shale) (2), an elevator for ground coal (shale) (3), a feed hopper (4) ground coal (slate), screw conveyor (5) coal (slate), hopper hopper (6) oil sludge (acid sludge), conveyor belt oil sludge (acid sludge) (7), granulator mixer (8) mixtures of solid fuel and oil sludge (acid tar), the intermediate hopper of the raw material mixture (9), dried near a suspended layer (10), an elevator for oil sludge (acid tars) (3 '), a high-temperature thermocracking reactor (11), a screw cooler for the obtained solid residue (semi-coke) (12), a furnace (13), a collector of a heavy (high boiling) fraction resins (14), storage tank for low boiling condensate fractions (15), storage tank for calcium sulfate suspension (16), sector feeders (18.19, 20), reactor (17), absorber (24), condensers (21.22 ), cyclone (23), sump (25).

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUGGESTED MODEL

The proposed model "Installation of joint thermochemical processing of oil sludge or acid tar and solid fossil fuels" works and is operated as follows.

The grab bucket feedstock - oil sludge in the amount of 300 kilograms is loaded into the receiving hopper-funnel (6) of the conveyor, from which the raw material is fed by a conveyor belt (7) of oil sludge (acid tar) (to one of the compartments of the mixer-granulator (8) of a mixture of solid fuel and oil sludge (acid tar). The loading volume is determined by the conveyor’s operating time. When loading from the conveyor, large debris (branches, stones, etc.) is manually selected. Pre-lump material (shale or coal) is fed into the hopper of the crusher (1) and from there it enters the crusher (2) and then is crushed to a size of less than 3 mm, then this component is fed by the elevator of ground coal (slate) (3) into the feed hopper (4.) of ground coal (slate) Then through the sector feeder and screw conveyor ( 5) bulk material enters the second compartment of the hopper-mixer-granulator (8) in the amount of 600 kg.This happens while the mixer-granulator processes the previous portion of the mixture.At the beginning of the mixing process, with a working screw, a portion of coal or slate is loaded, and then oil sludge after che the mixture is stirred for another 30 minutes.

The finely granulated product is discharged from the mixer-granulator (8) in one gulp through a sector feeder into the silo of the elevator (3) and fed into the intermediate silo of the raw mix (9), after which a new portion of the components is loaded. From the intermediate hopper of the raw mixture (9), the mixture is fed to the dryer of the suspended layer (10) continuously. In the dryer, the suspended layer is dried when it comes into contact with the gases coming from the jacket of the thermocracking reactor (11) at a temperature of 600 ° C. From the dryer of the suspended layer (10), flue gases and material exit at a temperature of 250 ° C. The temperature at the outlet of the reactor is maintained by adjusting the supply of the sector feeder (18) by changing the speed. Then, through the sector feeder (19), the mixture enters the thermocracking reactor (11), which operates continuously at high temperature. From the thermocracking reactor (11), the semicoke through a sector feeder (20) and a screw cooler for the obtained solid residue (semicoke) (12) in which there is cooling with water, enters the belt conveyor leading to the warehouse. From the thermocracking reactor (11), the gas-vapor mixture is piped to the condenser (air condenser (ABO) (21), then to the condenser (22). In ABO (21), the volatile fraction from the vapor-gas mixture is condensed to the condensation temperature, and the condensate then flows to a collector of the heavy (high-boiling) resin fraction (14). The residual vapor-gas mixture enters the ABO (22), in which complete vapor condensation takes place, and the condensate is discharged into a sump (25), where it is separated into liquid fuel and tar water. drive A container (15) for low-boiling condensate fractions, and the ground water is drained through the pipeline to the sewer. Non-condensable gases containing combustible components partially enter the furnace to the furnace (13). In addition to the gas, air enters the furnace (13). Thermal cracking reactor (11) it is heated by the flue gases coming from the furnace (13), then through the pipeline the flue gases enter the dryer of the suspended layer (10), then into the cyclone (23) in which they are separated into dust and purified flue gas. From the cyclone (23), the dust enters the hopper of the mixer-granulator (8), and the flue gas through the pipeline enters the absorber (24), from where it enters the chimney through the duct and fan and is vented to the atmosphere. In turn, milk of lime is fed into the absorber (24), which, having reacted with flue gases, is converted to calcium sulfate and enters the reactor (17), into which an additional amount of milk of lime is also supplied by an additional external flow. From the reactor (17), the milk of lime goes back to the absorber (24), the condensed part of the suspension is discharged into a storage tank for the suspension of calcium sulfate (16), from where it enters the sludge trap.

Claims (4)

1. Installation of joint thermochemical processing of oil sludge or acid tar and solid fossil fuels, characterized by the presence of a coal crusher (shale) with a feed hopper, an elevator of ground coal (shale), a feed hopper of ground coal (shale) with a sector feeder, auger coal conveyor (shale) ) and a conveyor belt for oil sludge (acid tar), which are connected with the loading funnel of the mixer-granulator, mixer-granulator of solid fuel and oil sludge (acid tar), connected through a sect a donor feeder and elevator with an intermediate hopper of the raw material mixture, the presence of a suspended layer dryer, connected by a piping system with a thermocracking reactor, the presence of a pipeline for supplying a gas-vapor mixture from a thermocracking reactor to a condensation system, with a screw cooler for the solid residue (semi-coke) sent to the warehouse, while the vapor-gas mixture condensation system consists of two series-connected air condensers, a collector of a heavy (high-boiling) resin fraction, a storage tank kondenstata low-boiling fractions, the storage capacitance for suspension of calcium sulphate. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermocracking reactor is a cylindrical apparatus with a horizontal rotary mixing device (twin-shaft, blade) and a jacket connected by gas ducts to the furnace and a suspended layer dryer. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace of the thermocracking reactor is connected by means of a duct with non-condensable combustible gases from the condensation system and an air supply line. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gases from the suspended layer dryer are connected to a cleaning system consisting of a cyclone connected through a shutter — a flasher with a loading funnel of a mixer-granulator, an absorber irrigated with circulating milk of lime, and a reactor for introducing fresh milk of lime associated with a circulation pump, and a storage tank for a suspension of calcium sulfate.

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