RU105314U1 - CLOSED TUBULAR ENERGY DISCHARGE ON DAMS OF HYDRO POWER PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

 A closed tubular energy discharge for regulating the water level in the upper basin of hydroelectric power plants, consisting of metal pipes thrown over the crest of the dam, with an air valve and a connecting pipe with a valve installed at the highest bend point, and pipe ends having valves are located on both sides of the dam, wherein the water intake end is constantly immersed in the upper basin to a depth that ensures the functioning of the siphon created in the system, characterized in that the water discharge con q pipe located below the minimum water level horizon upper basin smoothly into the open tray where the cascaded set elektrogidroagregaty wheel type.

Description

The utility model relates to hydraulic structures, in particular, to the construction of hydroelectric power stations on large and small rivers.

In modern designs of dams of hydroelectric power stations, a mandatory element of structures is the presence of an open spillway of excess water from the upper basin to the lower through special openings located in the body of the dam. Spillway of excess water is included in cases where there is a fluctuation in water flow in the living section of the river channel with inter-seasonal or meteorological factors.

An open spillway works well in hydropower plants built in areas with a warm or temperate climate, when winter ambient temperatures are not lower than the freezing point of water.

When constructing dams in harsh climatic regions, where winter negative ambient temperatures are much lower than the freezing point of water, an open spillway is very expensive to maintain due to icing of the spillway trays. In addition, a significant amount of water accumulated in the upper basin of the hydraulic structure is discharged into the lower basin idly, without any benefit, but only destroying the dam body.

The purpose of this proposal is to reduce labor costs during the operation of hydraulic structures located in harsh climatic conditions, as well as to obtain additional electricity from the factor of accumulation of water in the upper basin of the hydraulic structure, which until now has been lost irrevocably.

To solve the tasks, a device is proposed for closed energy discharge from the upper basin of the hydroelectric power station to the downstream using large-diameter metal pipes laid through the upper ridge along the dam body and with the immersion of one end of the pipes used as water intake into the upper basin (water intake end of the pipe), and the other end of the pipes, located on the opposite side of the dam below the lowest level of the water horizon in the upper basin, to be used as an additional source nick generating electricity (effluent end of the tube). To do this, the spillway carried out through the pipes, after the passage of the lower valve, occurs in special open trays, on which wheel-type electrohydraulic units, similar to mill wheels on small rivers, are cascaded to the lowest pool.

The principle of operation of the spillway through the pipe is based on the so-called siphon phenomenon known in hydraulics, when water flows from one tank through a hose to another tank located below the first, and in order to start the water flow, a vacuum (vacuum) is created in the hose and the lower end of the hose ( spillway) should be located below the liquid level in the first container.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of the dam with the location of the spillway pipe and with mounted wheel-mounted electrohydraulic units on the lower spillway of the open trays.

Figure 2 shows a view of the proposed energy discharge from the downstream side.

In figure 3, 4 shows the electro-hydraulic unit of the wheel type.

Figure 5 shows the top of the spillway pipe.

The inventive closed energy drain contains a set of metal pipes 1 of a calculated diameter and a certain length thrown over the crest of the dam 2, one end of each pipe is immersed in a basin at the upper pool, and the other end is located below the lowest level of the water horizon of the upper basin.

The water-saving end of the pipe 1, after the valve 3 is installed on it, is connected to the open tray 4, on which the wheeled electro-hydraulic units 5 are cascaded to the lowest downstream. The number of electrohydraulic units depends on the dam height of the hydraulic structure.

At the inlet end of the pipe, a valve 6 is also installed, and in the highest part of the pipe (at the top of the dam crest) an air valve 7 and a connecting pipe 8 with a valve 9 are welded, which serves to connect a water pump (not shown in the drawing) that fills the pipe with water when the valves are closed 3 and 6 at the ends of pipe 1 during the spillway start-up period.

To start the spillway, a water pump is connected to the pipe 1 through the pipe 8, the air valve 7 opens and the valves 3 and 6 at both ends of the pipe 1 are closed. After this, the blocked part of the pipe 1 with valves 3 and 6 is filled with water with the pump (not shown), to the position when water starts to flow out of the air valve 7, while in the pipe there should be no spaces not filled with water.

After filling the pipe 1, the air valve 7 and the valve 9 on the nozzle 8 of the water pump are closed, the water pump stops flowing and the valves 3, 6 are opened at the ends of the pipe 1. A siphon flow is created in the pipe.

In this mode, the spillway will operate until the water horizon in the upper basin drops below the mark, counting from the upper bend of the pipe to the level at which the siphon can still work.

Since the limit value of vacuum is approximately 10 m water column, then, given the presence of losses in the siphon, as well as the impossibility of a large decrease in pressure in it, in order to avoid cavitation, the height of the water horizon in the upper basin will be no more than 7-8 m. In the proposed energy-saving vacuum in the pipe 1 will be created by a falling stream of water in the water-saving section of the pipe 1.

During the operation of energy drainage, the water intake end of the pipe should be constantly submerged, and the water discharge end should be below the minimum level of the water horizon in the upper basin.

The number of spillway pipes thrown over the crest of the dam is determined by calculation, depending on the required maximum amount of water required to pass through the spillway, established on the basis of the technical design of the hydraulic construction.

At the water-discharge end of the pipe, where wheel-mounted electric units 5 are installed that generate additional electricity, a room 10 is built to service these units, and the electrical units themselves are closed with removable covers 11.

All piping systems are closed by a heat-insulating frame 12 to prevent freezing of water in the pipes during cold periods of the year.

On small rivers, where it is not possible to install large turbo-units of a classical type, such a spillway will work as a hydroelectric power station, using only wheel-type electrohydro units.

The advantages of a closed tubular energy discharge before an open one are as follows:

- additional electricity is generated by the discharged stream of water, which is included in the general energy system;

- problems disappear with freezing of the spillway in the winter period with prolonged negative ambient temperatures;

- there is no destruction of the dam body (in trays) as in an open spillway;

- simplified and facilitated the repair of the entire structure at the spillway by turning off individual pipes or replacing them with new ones;

- due to the lack of spillways, the body of the dam is simplified and not weakened;

- the environment ecology in the spillway area is not violated;

- the installation of cascade of additional hydraulic units of the wheel type in the free part of the spillway slows down the flow rate of falling water, which reduces the degree of destruction of the dam base.

The increased costs required for the manufacture and installation of this design of energy discharge are offset by a simplification of the dam body design and lower operating costs during the operation of the hydraulic structure in the cold season.

The proposed energy-saving design can be used both at already operating hydroelectric power plants and at newly designed ones.

In addition, by the same principle, it is possible to design water intake on water utilities supplying water to the turbine units of the main structure, which will expand the range of fluctuations in the level of the water horizon in the upper basin without stopping the operation of the main hydraulic units.

The technological level of production achieved in the construction of pipeline systems in the oil and gas industries allows the construction of a closed tubular energy drain at all hydraulic structures working and under construction in harsh climatic conditions.

Claims (1)

A closed tubular energy discharge for regulating the water level in the upper basin of hydroelectric power plants, consisting of metal pipes thrown over the crest of the dam, with an air valve and a connecting pipe with a valve installed at the highest bend point, and pipe ends having valves are located on both sides of the dam, wherein the water intake end is constantly immersed in the upper basin to a depth that ensures the functioning of the siphon created in the system, characterized in that the water discharge con q pipe located below the minimum water level horizon upper basin smoothly into the open tray where the cascaded set elektrogidroagregaty wheel type.