PT1031861E - Material de enchimento para cabos de fibra óptica - Google Patents
Material de enchimento para cabos de fibra óptica Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PT1031861E PT1031861E PT00105947T PT00105947T PT1031861E PT 1031861 E PT1031861 E PT 1031861E PT 00105947 T PT00105947 T PT 00105947T PT 00105947 T PT00105947 T PT 00105947T PT 1031861 E PT1031861 E PT 1031861E
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- viscosity
- quot
- parts
- styrene
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003000 extruded plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethylsulfanyl]ethyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCSCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical group C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ethylene, propylene, butene Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001612 separation test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M169/02—Mixtures of base-materials and thickeners
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- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
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- C10M107/04—Polyethene
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- C10M107/06—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing propene
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- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
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- C10M107/08—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing butene
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- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/10—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing aliphatic monomer having more than 4 carbon atoms
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
- G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
- C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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Description
ΡΕ1031861 1 DESCRIÇÃO "MATERIAL DE ENCHIMENTO PARA CABOS DE FIBRA ÓPTICA" A presente invenção refere-se a cabos de fibra óptica incorporando uma composição única que protege os componentes do cabo que transportam o sinal contra danos durante o fabrico, instalação e uso. A presente invenção refere-se, mais particularmente, à composição única que confere as desejáveis propriedades protectoras aqui descritas ao cabo de fibra óptica.
Geralmente, em cabos de fibra óptica, fibras ópticas em pluralidade (geralmente cerca de 100) são encerradas em conjunto num tubo de plástico extrudido, muitas vezes designado por "tubo tampão". Estas unidades, em pluralidade, geralmente cerca de 6-50, são encerradas numa bainha do tipo tubo em plástico extrudido comum. Mesmo no mais compacto dos fabricos há usualmente espaços vazios entre as fibras ópticas dentro do tubo tampão. A presente invenção refere-se particularmente a um composto de enchimento que pode preencher os espaços vazios dentro do tubo tampão.
Os cabos de fibra óptica estão sujeitos a várias tensões e choques durante o fabrico, a instalação e o uso, qualquer dos quais impondo um risco de danos aos condutores 2 ΡΕ1031861 que transportam o sinal no interior do cabo. Essas situações podem incluir estiramento ou compressão dos condutores; compressão de um ou mais dos condutores contra a camisa; fractura de todo um condutor ou de uma porção do mesmo; e ruptura ou perfuração da camisa de forma a permitir a penetração de água que perturbaria o funcionamento dos condutores.
Em conformidade, foi proposto que se incorporasse um material de enchimento dentro do cabo, para preencher os espaços vazios entre os condutores e entre os condutores e a superfície interior do tubo tampão. Um material de enchimento desse tipo deveria, desejavelmente, conferir protecção aos condutores contra deslocação física e danos, mas mantendo-se suficientemente flexível de forma a poder utilizar-se o cabo de qualquer maneira convencional em que seja usado durante o fabrico, instalação e uso. Esse tipo de material de enchimento também deveria proteger contra a incursão de água, na eventualidade de a água conseguir penetrar no interior da camisa. A identificação de uma composição completamente satisfatória para enchimento do cabo não tem sido simples. Em particular, uma composição desse tipo deve ser suficientemente fluida para que possa ser prontamente introduzida no interior do cabo durante o fabrico e deveria também ser suficientemente flexível para que o cabo pudesse ser enrolado ou dobrado na forma em que pudesse estar exposto, particularmente durante o fabrico e instalação. A compo- 3 ΡΕ1031861 sição para enchimento não deve ser tão fluida que flua para fora do cabo, através das suas extremidades cortadas ou através de picadas ou fendas que possam ocorrer no tubo tampão. Além disso, visto as composições para enchimento serem usualmente misturas de materiais, é altamente desejável que a composição de enchimento resista a qualquer tendência dos vários componentes a separarem-se uns dos outros, mesmo perante a exposição a qualquer desafio físico, de entre vasta gama, e condições ambientais a que o cabo possa estar sujeito.
Exemplos de sistemas para o enchimento de cabos que foram divulgados no passado incluem misturas de óleo com um agente de gelificação coloidal tal como sílica fumada, juntamente com uma quantidade de um copolímero como um copolímero em bloco de estireno-borracha ou estireno-borracha-estireno. Estão divulgados exemplos na Patente U.S. No. 4 971 419, Patente U.S. No. 5 285 513 e Patente U.S. No. 5 358 664, a última das quais divulga composições incorporando um sabão complexo de alumínio. 0 pedido EP-A-0 510 967 descreve um material de enchimento para uso entre as fibras ópticas compreendendo pelo menos 85% em peso de um hidrocarboneto alifático tendo um peso molecular de pelo menos 600, um copolímero em bloco e uma quantidade relativamente elevada de um sistema antioxidante. O material de enchimento também inclui um sistema de espessamento como sílica coloidal. 4 ΡΕ1031861 0 pedido US-A-5 285 513 divulga um cabo de fibra óptica que compreende um núcleo compreendendo pelo menos um meio de transmissão de fibra óptica; um sistema de bainha que é colocado em redor do núcleo; e uma composição para enchimento que é colocada em redor do meio de transmissão no núcleo. A composição para enchimento divulgada compreende um hidrocarboneto, um copolímero em bloco, um enchimento coloidal e um sistema antioxidante que inclui um sulfureto fenólico impedido em combinação com um desacti-vador de metal de dialquilditiofosfato ou diarilditio-fosfato. Os enchimentos coloidais específicos divulgados nesta referência incluem sílica coloidal tal como sílica fumada.
Seria desejável poder-se identificar satisfatoriamente composições de enchimento úteis em cabos de fibra óptica que exibam as desejáveis propriedades aqui descritas melhor do que as composições para enchimento disponíveis. Também seria útil se essa composição para enchimento não exigisse um agente de gelificação inorgânico distinto como as que estão descritas nas patentes atrás referidas.
De acordo com a presente invenção, é fornecida uma composição útil como material de enchimento para preencher substancialmente os espaços vazios entre os condutores de fibra óptica num cabo de fibra óptica consistindo essencialmente em: 5 ΡΕ1031861 (a) 85 a 95 partes em peso de um óleo seleccionado a partir de: (al) um óleo mineral nafténico compreendendo 45 a 50% em peso de nafténicos e o resto parafinas, exibindo uma viscosidade a 40°C desde 19 até 66 centistokes, uma viscosidade a 100°C de 3,5 até 7,5 centistokes, um indice de viscosidade de 40 até 65, um peso especifico a 15, 6 °C de 0,87 até 0,90, um ponto de escoamento de -43 °C até -32 0C (- 45 °F a -25 °F) e um peso molecular médio de 310 até 400; e (a2) uma poli-alfa-olefina ou uma mistura da mesma exibindo uma viscosidade a 40°C de 15 até 400 centistokes, uma viscosidade a 100°C de 1 até 40 centistokes, um indice de viscosidade de 120 até 160, um peso especifico a 15,6°C de 0,79 até 0,84, e um ponto de escoamento de -73°C até -46°C (-100°F até - 50 °F); (b) 5 a 15 partes em peso de um copolimero de dois blocos de (estireno)-(etileno/propileno) tendo uma proporção de estireno: (etileno/propileno) de 37,5:62,5 até 27,5:72,5, uma dureza Shore A de 70 até 75 e um peso especifico de cerca de 0,90 até 0,95; 6 ΡΕ1031861 (c) eventualmente, até 2 partes em peso de um componente antioxidante; e (d) eventualmente, até 0,1 partes em peso de um desactivador de metal; não contendo a composição outro componente de gelificação ou anti-sangra-mento. A presente invenção visa ainda um cabo compreendendo condutores contidos em pluralidade numa camisa, deixando espaços vazios entre os condutores e as camisas, onde o referido material de enchimento está substancialmente presente preenchendo os espaços vazios.
De acordo com outro aspecto da presente invenção, é fornecido um método para preparar a composição atrás referida caracterizada pelos passos de: (i) combinar: (a) 85 a 95 partes em peso de um óleo selec-cionado a partir de (al) e (a2) como definido na Reivindicação 1; (b) 5 a 15 partes em peso de um copolimero de dois blocos de (estireno)-(etileno/propi-leno) tendo uma proporção de estireno:(eti-leno/propileno) de 37,5:62,5 até 27,5:72,5, 7 ΡΕ1031861 uma dureza Shore A de 70 até 75 e um peso específico de cerca de 0,90 até 0,95; e (c) eventualmente, um componente antioxidante numa quantidade, se estiver presente, de até 2 partes em peso e/ou um desactivador de metal numa quantidade, se estiver presente, até 0,1 partes em peso; e (ii) agitar bem a mistura até se formar um líquido homogéneo.
Os componentes do cabo que não sejam a composição para enchimento aqui descrita em mais pormenor, incluem qualquer um dos que são convencionalmente utilizados na indústria de cabos para fibra óptica. Em termos gerais, o cabo compreende várias fibras individuais transportadoras de sinal, encerradas em conjunto num tubo tampão que é preferivelmente composto por um polímero termoplástico e tem, preferivelmente, uma construção unitária, sem costuras . São conhecidos meios, nesta técnica, para extru-dir continuamente esses tubos tampão enquanto simultaneamente se incorporam, dentro do tubo tampão, os condutores de fibra óptica pretendidos e a composição de enchimento.
Os próprios condutores podem compreender fila- ΡΕ1031861 mentos longitudinais em pluralidade, podendo cada um dos quais ser uma única fibra ou serem compostos por sub-unidades onde condutores em pluralidade estão ligados uns aos outros ou estão mesmo encerrados dentro da sua própria camisa, no interior do próprio cabo. A composição para enchimento da presente invenção exibe um número de propriedades satisfatórias, incluindo as seguintes:
Tem um bom desempenho e mantém-se flexivel e homogénea na gama de temperaturas desde -40°C até 80 °C;
Está isenta de sinerese (sangramento do seu componente oleoso) na mesma gama de temperaturas; É capaz de ceder e recuperar sob as tensões que são experimentadas quando o cabo é fabricado e manuseado; É termicamente estável e estável em termos de oxidação; Não é adversamente afectada por água e evita a incursão de água para dentro do cabo; É compatível com o material do tubo tampão e quaisquer outros materiais de construção do cabo; É económica, segura e compatível com o equipamento disponível usado neste domínio. 9 ΡΕ1031861
Um componente do material de enchimento da presente invenção é óleo. 0 óleo está presente numa quantidade correspondendo a 85-95 partes em peso do material de enchimento. 0 óleo deveria ter as seguintes caracte-rísticas.
Entre os óleos preferidos estão os óleos minerais nafténicos. Estes constituem um tipo de produto reconhecido no comércio que contém 45 até 50% em peso de nafténicos e o resto parafinas. Os óleos minerais nafténicos úteis nesta invenção exibem as seguintes propriedades indicadas na Tabela 1: TABELA 1
Propriedade Gama Preferida Viscosidade, 40°C (ASTM D-445) 19 até 66 centistokes (cSt) Viscosidade, 100°C (ASTM D-445) 3,5 até 7,5 cSt índice de viscosidade (ASTM D-2270) 40 até 65 Peso especifico, 15,6°C (ASTM D-1298) 0,87 até 0,90 Ponto de escoamento (ASTM D-97) (-45°F até -25°F) -43°C até -32°C Peso molecular médio 310 até 400.
Exemplos preferidos de óleos minerais nafténicos incluem os que são vendidos pela Witco Corp. como "LP 100", "LP 150", "LP 200", "LP 250","LP 300","LP 350". 10 ΡΕ1031861
Outros óleos preferidos úteis na presente invenção são poli-(alfa-olefinas) tendo propriedades que se situam nas gamas indicadas na Tabela 2: TABELA 2
Propriedade Gama Preferida Viscosidade, 40°C (ASTM D-445) 15 até 400 cSt Viscosidade, 100°C (ASTM D-445) 1 até 40 cSt índice de viscosidade (ASTM D-2270) 120 até 160 Peso especifico, 15,6°C (ASTM D-1298) 0,79 até 0,84 Ponto de escoamento (-100°F até -50°F) -73°C até -46°C
Tal como aqui é usado, o termo "poli-alfa-olefinas" abrange polímeros e copolímeros de alcenos e misturas de alcenos, incluindo etileno, propileno, buteno, 1-deceno, 1-dodeceno e afins. Também incluídos estão os polímeros que tenham sido parcialmente hidrogenados. SHF-1001".
Existem no comércio numerosas poli-alfa-olefinas que satisfazem estes critérios. Entre elas encontram-se os produtos conhecidos como "Synfluid PAO" (Chevron) , particularmente os que são conhecidos como os de grau 2 cSt, 4 cSt, 6 cSt e 8 cSt. Outros incluem os que são vendidos pela Mobil sob a marca "SHF", tais como "SHF-61", uma poli-alfa-olefina hidrogenada de baixa viscosidade, "SHF-62", "SHF-82", "SHF-401" e 11 ΡΕ1031861 0 material de enchimento da presente invenção também inclui 5 a 15 partes em peso de um copolimero de dois blocos de (estireno) - (etileno/propileno). 0 copo limero de dois blocos tem uma proporção em moles de estireno para borracha de (etileno/propileno) na gama de 37,5:62,5 até 27,5:72,5. 0 copolimero de dois blocos também exibe um peso específico de 0,90 até 0,95 (preferivelmente 0,90 até 0,925) e uma dureza shore A de 70 até 75.
Um copolimero preferido exibindo estas caracte-rísticas e útil na presente invenção é o produto vendido pela Shell Chemical Company sob o nome comercial "KRATON G1701", um copolimero em bloco de estireno-(etileno/propileno) , não plastificado, que exibe uma proporção de estireno:(etileno/propileno) de cerca de 37:63, uma dureza Shore A de 72, um peso específico de cerca de 0,92, e uma resistência à ruptura de 300 psi (tal como determinada pelo teste ASTM D-412).
Outro copolimero preferido é vendido pela Shell sob o nome "KRATON G1702". É um copolimero em bloco de estireno-(etileno/propileno, não plastificado, que exibe uma proporção de estireno: (etileno/propileno) de cerca de 28:72, uma dureza Shore A de 75, um peso específico de cerca de 0,91, e uma resistência à ruptura de 300 psi (ASTM D-412) . O material de enchimento não inclui qualquer componente adicional de gelificação ou componente "anti- 12 ΡΕ1031861 sangramento", enquanto proporciona um desempenho muito satisfatório no ambiente pretendido com um cabo de fibra óptica. Contudo pode-se, eventualmente, incluir um ou mais antioxidantes e pode-se, também eventualmente, incluir um desactivador de metal. Um componente antioxidante, se estiver presente, é usado numa pequena mas eficaz quantidade que é geralmente da ordem de até cerca de 2 partes em peso. Exemplos de antioxidantes adequados incluem antioxidantes à base de fenólicos e à base de fosfitos. São muitos os exemplos e bem conhecidos no domínio das formulações de polímeros. Exemplos específicos incluem "Irganox 1010", "Irganox 1076", "Irganox 1035", (Ciba-Geigy) e "Mark 2112", "Mark 1500" e "Mark 5014" (Witco).
Um desactivador de metal, se estiver presente, é usado numa pequena mas eficaz quantidade geralmente da ordem de até cerca de 0,1 parte em peso do material de enchimento. Exemplos de desactivadores de metal adequados incluem "Reomel 39 LF" e outros produtos comercialmente disponíveis conhecidos neste domínio. 0 material de enchimento da presente invenção é facilmente preparado combinando o óleo mineral e o copolímero de dois blocos nas quantidades indicadas, juntamente com o antioxidante e/ou desactivador de metal, se pretendido, e agitando muito bem os materiais, em conjunto, até se formar um líquido homogéneo. Se pretendido, pode ser aplicado um aquecimento suave para ajudar à formação da pretendida composição completamente homogénea. 13 ΡΕ1031861
Num processo preferido, os componentes são misturados em conjunto, a baixo corte, a 25°C. A mistura é então aquecida até 120-130°C, até o polímero estar completamente dissolvido no óleo. A mistura é então arrefecida até 25°C sob vácuo para remover quaisquer bolhas de ar retidas no interior. A composição resultante é então introduzida no tubo tampão, preferivelmente na altura em que o cabo está a ser fabricado, tudo por processos bem conhecidos neste domínio.
Os benefícios e superior desempenho da presente invenção estão mais descritos nos exemplos que se seguem. Estes exemplos estão incluídos para efeitos de ilustração e não se destinam a limitar o âmbito do que é considerado como a invenção.
EXEMPLOS
Fizeram-se formulações combinando óleo e copo-límero de dois blocos de estireno-(etileno/propileno) ("Kraton G 1701") numa misturadora durante várias horas a 130°C. As amostras foram então arrefecidas e centrifugadas a velocidade moderada para remover qualquer ar retido no interior.
As propriedades reológicas dos geles que resultaram foram estudadas com um Viscómetro de Brookfield 14 ΡΕ1031861
Modelo RVF, com uma fieira de #7 a 22°C e 55% de humidade de acordo com a ASTM D1824 (que recomenda 23+1°C e 50+5% de humidade). Cada amostra foi submetida a corte durante dois minutos a quatro rotações diferentes (2, 4, 10 e 20 rpm, o que corresponde a velocidades de corte de 0,1, 0,05, 0,02 e 0,01 sec"2, respectivamente. Para se avaliarem as caracte-rísticas de manuseamento das amostras, foram medidas as viscosidades aparentes e os seguintes critérios foram calculados: índice de diluição por corte, grau de tixotropia e índice de tixotropia. Estes critérios, que estão definidos a seguir, foram calculados como recomendado pela ASTM 2196 com uma modificação. As viscosidades aparentes medidas tendo em conta a avaliação do índice de diluição por corte foram efectuadas a 2 e 10 rpm, ao passo que o método especifica combinações típicas de velocidades a 2 e 20 rpm.
Tal como definido por ASTM D2196, o índice de diluição por corte é a proporção entre a viscosidade a 2 rpm até à viscosidade a 10 rpm. O grau de tixotropia é uma proporção da viscosidade a 2 rpm, calculada como aumento de velocidade para redução de velocidade. O índice de tixotropia é a proporção da viscosidade a 2 rpm, calculada depois de um período de repouso de 30 minutos, para a que antecede o período de repouso. O teste de volatilidade foi conduzido a 80°C e envelhecido durante 48 horas. As volatilidades foram medidas comparando a perda de peso do composto de enchimento antes e depois do envelhecimento. O teste de 15 ΡΕ1031861 separação de óleo foi conduzido de acordo com a FED 791 a 80 °C durante 48 horas. Os valores de penetração do cone foram determinados por ASTM D937, com um peso de 150 gramas.
Os óleos usados estão descritos na Tabela 3: TABELA 3
Propriedade Óleo A B C D E F Viscosidade, 40°C, (cSt) 19,5 37, 5 16,9 23,9 47, 0 400, 0 Viscosidade, 100°C, (cSt) 3,6 5,4 3,9 5,1 7,8 40, 0 índice de viscosidade 40,0 53,9 123,0 145, 0 135, 0 152, 0 Ponto de escoamento, °C 1 O o -37, 0 -73,0 O co 1 O LO 1 O o 1 Ponto de inflamação, °C 170,0 190,0 219,0 238,0 246,0 275, 0 Cor Saybolt +30,0 +30,0 +30,0 +30,0 +30,0 +30,0
Os óleos A e B eram óleos minerais nafténicos comerciais, vendidos sob os nomes "LP 100" e "LP 200" (Witco) , respectivamente. Os óleos C, D, E e F eram óleos de poli-alfa-olefinas comerciais. A Tabela 4 mostra, para cada amostra, a identidade do óleo, a quantidade de agente de gelificação do copolímero de dois blocos presente, e as propriedades físicas do gel resultante. Em qualquer dos casos, os geles exibiram propriedades que mostram que constituem enchimentos muito satisfatórios para cabo. ΡΕ1031861 - 16 - TABELA 4
Amostra 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Óleo c D E F B B B A A A A % Kraton G1701 9 9 12 15 9 11 12 9,2 12 13 15 Aparência algo nublada algo nublada nublada nublada límpida límpida límpida límpida límpida límpida límpida Penetrações do cone (dmm) -60C 253 77 120 77 93 82 77 159 142 139 108 -40C 299 297 221 186 202 185 186 229 206 195 170 -20C 333 333 276 250 272 260 231 310 268 261 225 OC 349 336 305 305 333 233 376 349 324 320 298 +21C 359 357 329 290 340 354 349 383 340 346 319 Sep. do óleo, 48h, 80C, % 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,2 12,8 2,2 0,3 0,2 Volatilidade, 48h, 80C, % 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,9 0,4 0,3 0,2 índice de diluição por corte 3,4 3,3 3,0 2,3 2,5 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,3 2,4 2,4 Grau de tixotropia 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,9 0,9 1,0 0,9 índice de tixotropia 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 U 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Viscosidade, cps (2 rpm) 200000 200000 381667 425000 205000 370000 436667 175000 266667 511667 758333 Viscosidade, cps (10 rpm) 58500 60500 125500 178500 81500 143200 192000 76000 112500 209000 316000 17 ΡΕ1031861
Lisboa, 15 de Setembro de 2006
Claims (4)
- ΡΕ1031861 1 REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Uma composição útil como um material de enchimento para preencher substancialmente os espaços vazios entre condutores de fibra óptica num cabo de fibra óptica consistindo essencialmente em: (a) 85 a 95 partes em peso de um óleo seleccionado a partir de (al) um óleo mineral nafténico compreendendo 45 até 50% em peso de nafténicos e o resto parafinas, exibindo uma viscosidade a 40°C de 19 até 66 centistokes, uma viscosidade a 100°C de 3,5 até 7,5 centistokes, um índice de viscosidade de 40 até 65, um peso específico a 15,6~C de 0, 87 até 0,90, um ponto de escoamento de - -43 °C até -32 °C (- 45°F até -25°F) e um peso molecular médio de 310 até 400; e (a2) uma poli-alfa-olefina ou uma mistura da mesma exibindo uma viscosidade a 40°C de 15 até 400 centistokes, uma viscosidade a 100°C de 1 até 40 centistokes, um índice de viscosidade de 120 até 160, um peso específico a 15,6°C de 0,79 até 0,84, e um ponto de ΡΕ1031861 escoamento de -73°C até -46°C (-100°F até -50 °F); (b) 5 até 15 partes em peso de um copolímero de dois blocos de (estireno)-(etileno/propileno) tendo uma proporção de estireno:(etileno/propileno) de 37,5:62,5 até 27,5:72,5, uma dureza Shore A de 70 até 75 e um peso especifico de cerca de 0,90 até 0,95; (c) eventualmente, até 2 partes em peso de um componente antioxidante; e (d) eventualmente, até 0,1 partes em peso de um desactivador de metal; não contendo a composição mais nenhum componente de gelificação ou componente anti-sangramento.
- 2. Um cabo compreendendo uma pluralidade de condutores contidos dentro de uma camisa, deixando espaços vazios entre os condutores e a camisa, e um material de enchimento de acordo com a reivindicação 1 preenchendo substancialmente os referidos espaços vazios.
- 3. Um método de preparar a composição tal como está definida na Reivindicação 1, caracterizada pelos passos de: 3 ΡΕ1031861 (i) combinar: (a) 85 a 95 partes em peso de um óleo selec-cionado a partir de (al) e (a2) como definido na Reivindicação 1; (b) 5 a 15 partes em peso de um copolimero de dois blocos de (estireno)-(etileno/propile-no) tendo uma proporção de estireno:(eti-leno/propileno) de 37,5:62,5 até 27,5: 72,5, uma dureza Shore A de 70 até 75 e um peso específico de cerca de 0,90 até 0,95; e (c) eventualmente, um componente antioxidante numa quantidade, se estiver presente, de até 2 partes em peso e/ou um desactivador de metal numa quantidade, se estiver presente, de até 0,1 parte em peso; e (ii) agitar muito bem a mistura até se formar um líquido homogéneo.
- 4. Uso da composição de acordo com a Reivindicação 1 no fabrico de um cabo de acordo com a Reivindicação 2. Lisboa, 15 de Setembro de 2006
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US7103742B1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2006-09-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Burst/pipelined edo memory device |
US6080929A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2000-06-27 | Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. | Stabilized filler compositions for cable and wire |
DE69943366D1 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 2011-06-01 | Prysmian Spa | Optisches Kabel mit Füllmasse und als Füllmasse dienende Verbindung |
EP0969301B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2011-04-20 | Prysmian S.p.A. | Optical cable with filling material and filling material composition |
US6278824B1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 2001-08-21 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Optical cable with filling material comprising an internal olefin oligomer |
DE69943025D1 (de) * | 1998-10-07 | 2011-01-20 | Prysmian Spa | Wasserdichtes kabel |
US6744954B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2004-06-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Submarine optical cable, optical fiber unit employed in the submarine optical cable, and method of making optical fiber unit |
US6160939A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-12-12 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical cable having a filling material with stable viscosity and yield stress |
US6463199B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2002-10-08 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Fiber optic cables with at least one water blocking zone |
US6748146B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-06-08 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Communication cable having a soft housing |
US7006740B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2006-02-28 | Corning Cable Systems, Llc | Communication cable having a soft housing |
US6374023B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2002-04-16 | Corning Cable Systems Llc | Communication cable containing novel filling material in buffer tube |
EP1208398B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2007-12-19 | Prysmian Cavi e Sistemi Energia S.r.l. | Submarine optical cable resistant to longitudinal water propagation |
US6658185B2 (en) | 1999-08-23 | 2003-12-02 | Pirelli Cavi E Sistemi S.P.A. | Optical fiber cable with components having improved compatibility with waterblocking filling compositions |
US7466887B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2008-12-16 | Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. | Optical fiber cable with dimensionally stable polymeric component |
US6811328B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 | 2004-11-02 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Optical fiber splicing using surface tension |
JP5057630B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-18 | 2012-10-24 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 工業用潤滑油組成物 |
FR2864256B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-19 | 2006-03-03 | Cit Alcatel | Module de conducteurs, notamment de type fibre optique, a glissement relatif et etancheite controles, et procede de fabrication associe |
EP1846499A1 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2007-10-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymeric compositions including their uses and methods of production |
CN104583380A (zh) * | 2012-08-01 | 2015-04-29 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 电缆填充组合物 |
JP2014063062A (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-04-10 | Fujitsu Ltd | 光学ユニット及びその製造方法 |
US20150197706A1 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | Jax Inc. | Ammonia refrigeration compressor and transfer pump lubricating oil based on alkylated naphthalenes |
US9304231B2 (en) * | 2014-02-04 | 2016-04-05 | Kraton Polymers U.S. Llc | Heat fusible oil gels |
CN104181655A (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-12-03 | 黄燕生 | 光纤填充膏及其制备方法 |
US10287428B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2019-05-14 | Kraton Polymers U.S. Llc | Heat activated gels for cable filling applications |
CN105176104A (zh) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-12-23 | 国网山东郯城县供电公司 | 一种光缆填充油膏 |
EP3472228A4 (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2020-03-04 | Kraton Polymers U.S. LLC | BLOCK COPOLYMERS FOR GEL COMPOSITIONS |
CN110662806B (zh) | 2017-05-31 | 2021-12-17 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 凝胶组合物、线缆填充材料、线缆、和凝胶组合物用屑粒 |
US11091640B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2021-08-17 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Filling composition for optical fiber cables |
MX2019015419A (es) * | 2017-06-30 | 2020-02-17 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Composicion de relleno para cables de fibra optica. |
JP7079370B2 (ja) * | 2018-07-11 | 2022-06-01 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | ポリテトラフルオロエチレンを有するフラッディング組成物 |
KR102688790B1 (ko) * | 2022-01-03 | 2024-07-25 | 동의대학교 산학협력단 | 저밀도형 광섬유 케이블의 충진 겔 조성물 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2023171614A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-14 | 株式会社クラレ | 水添ブロック共重合体、ゲル組成物、ケーブル充填材、ケーブル、化粧品、潤滑油、及びグリース |
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DE3688666T2 (de) * | 1985-04-10 | 1994-01-20 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Optisches kabel und verfahren zu dessen herstellung. |
US4639483A (en) * | 1985-05-09 | 1987-01-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Soap-thickened reenterable gelled encapsulants |
US5187763A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1993-02-16 | American Telephone & Telegraph Company | Optical fiber cable having dripless, non-bleeding and optical fiber coating-compatible waterblocking material in core thereof |
US5358664A (en) * | 1992-10-15 | 1994-10-25 | Caschem, Inc. | Gelled oil compositions |
US5285513A (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-02-08 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical fiber cable provided with stabilized waterblocking material |
-
1996
- 1996-06-03 US US08/659,031 patent/US5737469A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 CA CA002206421A patent/CA2206421A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-02 CN CN97112453A patent/CN1181511A/zh active Pending
- 1997-06-02 JP JP9144212A patent/JPH1067913A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-02 PE PE1997000458A patent/PE77998A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-03 AT AT00105947T patent/ATE334416T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-03 PT PT97108917T patent/PT811864E/pt unknown
- 1997-06-03 ES ES97108917T patent/ES2165542T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-03 PT PT00105947T patent/PT1031861E/pt unknown
- 1997-06-03 AT AT97108917T patent/ATE208910T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-03 DE DE69736405T patent/DE69736405T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-03 AR ARP970102411A patent/AR007388A1/es unknown
- 1997-06-03 BR BR9703274A patent/BR9703274A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1997-06-03 DK DK00105947T patent/DK1031861T3/da active
- 1997-06-03 DE DE69708205T patent/DE69708205T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-03 EP EP97108917A patent/EP0811864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-03 DK DK97108917T patent/DK0811864T3/da active
- 1997-06-03 ID IDP971891A patent/ID17702A/id unknown
- 1997-06-03 EP EP00105947A patent/EP1031861B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-03 ES ES00105947T patent/ES2265309T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-05 TW TW086107756A patent/TW375743B/zh active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69708205D1 (de) | 2001-12-20 |
ATE334416T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
BR9703274A (pt) | 1998-09-29 |
CN1181511A (zh) | 1998-05-13 |
DK0811864T3 (da) | 2002-03-18 |
DE69736405T2 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
PE77998A1 (es) | 1998-12-05 |
AR007388A1 (es) | 1999-10-27 |
EP1031861A3 (en) | 2000-10-11 |
DK1031861T3 (da) | 2006-10-30 |
ES2165542T3 (es) | 2002-03-16 |
EP1031861A2 (en) | 2000-08-30 |
DE69736405D1 (de) | 2006-09-07 |
CA2206421A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
JPH1067913A (ja) | 1998-03-10 |
DE69708205T2 (de) | 2002-06-27 |
PT811864E (pt) | 2002-04-29 |
ES2265309T3 (es) | 2007-02-16 |
ID17702A (id) | 1998-01-22 |
US5737469A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
MX9704083A (es) | 1998-06-28 |
TW375743B (en) | 1999-12-01 |
EP0811864A1 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
EP0811864B1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
ATE208910T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
EP1031861B1 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
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