PL238852B1 - Multi-component fertilizer and method of producing a multi-component fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a multi-component fertilizer containing bentonite, characterized by the fact that it is a dried granulate of a mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in an amount of 73 - 77.64% by weight. and bentonite in the amount of 3.66 - 7% by weight, oily substance of plant origin in the amount of 2.44 - 8% by weight. and distilled water in the amount of 12 - 16.26% by weight, in the form of pellets. The invention also relates to a method for producing a multi-component fertilizer containing bentonite, in which a mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in an amount of 73 - 77.64% by weight. bentonite is added in an amount of 3.66 - 7% by weight, an oily substance of plant origin in an amount of 2.44 - 8% by weight. and distilled water in an amount of 12 - 16.26% by weight, these ingredients are mixed at an external temperature of 20 - 25°C with an electric mixer for 3 - 6 minutes at a rotation speed of 1000 - 1300 rpm to obtain a mixture humidity of 16% - 18% and grain fraction 2 - 3 mm, then a fertilizer in the form of pellets is produced from the obtained mixture using a known pellet mill at room temperature and dried at 25°C.

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a multi-component fertilizer and a method of producing a multi-component fertilizer.

It is well known that the ash left after burning wood or plant residues is an excellent mineral fertilizer. The most valuable is made by burning wood from deciduous or coniferous trees. The content of minerals in the ash depends on the type of material burnt, as well as the tree species, and amounts to an average of 35% Ca, 10% K and 4% P, 3% Mg. Thanks to its fine structure, it is quickly mineralized in the soil, improves its lumpy structure, and its ingredients are easily accessible to plants. Ash perfectly deacidifies the soil. Its pH is 10-12, it enriches the grass with nutrients. It is also very often added to compost or directly sprinkled under plants in the beds.

From the application JPH05194066 there is known a fertilizer produced from palm ash, which is mixed with 10-25% of water or an auxiliary to pre-prepare a processed product. In the first step, the kneading time is preferably 1-5 minutes. In the second step, the product obtained and other fertilizing raw materials are loaded into the mixer, mixed and dispersed to obtain a mixture. In the last step, the mixture is granulated with a rotary cylindrical granulating machine in order to obtain a potassium fertilizer of the required hardness.

The use of ashes from plant combustion for the production of fertilizers and soil improvers for agricultural products is also known, inter alia, in from the description of JP2013241299.

In turn, the use of ash from burning sludge or sewage, urine, animal faeces or the like as a raw material for the production of fertilizer is known, among others, from description KR20070023821 and application description JPH07123857.

It is apparent from the application JPH07123857 that municipal waste incinerator ash, coal incinerator ash removed from coal-fueled boilers, furnaces, industrial furnaces etc. have been conventionally used mainly for marine regeneration. In recent years, research has been carried out to actively use burnt ash as a secondary resource, and not to treat it as waste. As a result, the ash from the combustion of coal found use as an artificial aggregate and soil or soil improver. For example, in the case of artificial aggregate and farm soil, coal combustion ash is sintered to produce calcined granules that are used as raw material. Calcined coal ash pellets contain substances necessary for plant growth and are not harmful to plant growth.

From the Polish patent specification 165,232, a multifunctional fertilizer is known, containing waste dust generated in the process of burning cement clinker and a calcium component, which consists of 15-70 parts by weight of waste dust produced in the process of burning cement clinker, containing calcium carbonate as the main component and with 30-85 parts by weight of limestone and / or chalk or / and quicklime, the content of potassium compounds, calculated as potassium oxide, being 4-5 parts by weight of the fertilizer. Known fertilizers based on industrial waste generally dusty excessively, often lump, and granulated fertilizers significantly lose their chemical activity. The invention covered by patent 165232 eliminates this problem.

There is a wide range of organic and mineral fertilizers in which the carrier of mineral fertilizers is properly prepared brown coal, peat or bark or sawdust, and their production method consists in grinding individual components and mixing them with each other, and then subjecting them to mechanical treatment, e.g. granulating.

The Polish patent 209547 describes an organo-mineral fertilizer consisting of brown coal 30-70% by weight, dolomite 10-40% by weight. or limestone powder 10-40 wt.%, ammonium phosphate 3-15 wt.%, potassium sulfate 2-15 wt.%, urea fertilizer 3-25 wt.%. and micronutrient carriers, in which the lignite is ground to a grain size of 0.15 mm to 1 mm, and the final product is a granulate with a cylinder height of 2 mm to 6 mm in diameter. It is known from this description that organic-mineral fertilizers based on brown coal with humic properties and methods of their preparation are known from the patent literature; e.g. from the patent specification No. DE 19859068. A big problem related to the production of mineral fertilizers is their crushing, swelling, too fast disintegration of granules and the explosive properties of coal dust.

It is known from the Polish patent description PL 231700 granulated potassium-phosphorus fertilizer with prolonged action based on ash from biomass combustion, in which the fertilizer has a potassium content

The content of the content, calculated as K2O, ranges from 10 to 20% by weight, and the content of phosphorus, calculated as P2O5, ranges from 5 to 10% by weight. The method of producing long-acting potassium-phosphorus fertilizer on the basis of ash from biomass combustion involves forming granules in a rotary mechanical granulator from a mixture containing ash from biomass combustion and drying the formed granules.

Bentonite is a sedimentary clay rock consisting mainly of montmorillonite. It takes a white, yellow or other color. It is formed as a result of the transformation of volcanic glass from ashes and volcanic tuffs occurring in sea water. It contains such compounds as: Al2O3 - 13%, SiO2 - 60%, CaO - 4.1%, Fe2O3 - 4.2%, MgO - 1.5%, Na2O - 0.15%, S - 1.1%, P - 1.7%, TiO2 - 0.6%, MnO2 - 0.09%. So far, more than 78 all-natural micro- and macroelements have been identified in bentonite. It contains, among others, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, manganese and silicon, as well as many other trace elements, including titanium, manganese, zinc, boron, selenium, molybdenum, fluorine, iodine and others. Bentonite is an interesting raw material with hundreds of uses. It is used in the chemical, food, drilling and construction industries. Its most important feature is the ability to absorb large amounts of water, as a result of which it swells and can form gels. This property is used both in the production of cosmetics, as well as in the construction of tunnels in mines or boreholes, and for draining water reservoirs. Bentonite is also useful in plant cultivation as it provides the soil with numerous minerals.

In contact with soil moisture, the bentonite contained in the fertilizer swells and explodes the granules into particles, which facilitates the contact of the ground sulfur with the soil environment. Sulfur particles are subject to microbiological oxidation in soil and they take the form of sulphate, nutritional form that is available to plants.

On the basis of known fertilizers, both made of powdered as well as by solidifying a mixture of liquid sulfur and bentonite, fertilizers are produced which contain, apart from sulfur and bentonite, the main and other additional fertilizing components and possibly microelements.

A commonly used sulfur-bentonite fertilizer is the hemispherical pellet-shaped fertilizer, featured, among others, in the "Sandvik Process Systems" catalogs. Sulfur-bentonite fertilizer in the form of spherical granules, as well as pellets, containing elemental sulfur and bentonite, is crushed when placed in moist soil. From the Polish application No. P.319706, a sulfur-bentonite fertilizer in the form of spherical granules is known, containing 85-93% by weight of elemental sulfur and 7-15% by weight of ground dry bentonite.

Particulate Matter, short for PM, are small particles floating in the air, forming part of the so-called atmospheric aerosol. They can be of natural origin - e.g. mineral dust, sea spray, volcanic ash, etc., they can also be a product of human activity. This group includes, for example, fine soot particles generated in the combustion of coal or other fuels, or secondary dust particles resulting from the transformation of other pollutants present in the air, e.g. sulfur and nitrogen oxides.

In suspended dust from combustion in industrial furnaces there are such elements as Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, K, Li, Mg, Mo, Na, P, S, Si, Sr and V, as well as aerosols based on nitrogen oxides and heavy metals, e.g. lead, which nowadays, thanks to exhaust gas purification technologies used in industrial processes, are present in dust in small amounts, not exceeding the standards .

Pursuant to § 14 sec. 1 of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of June 18, 2008 on the implementation of certain provisions of the Act on fertilizers and fertilization (Journal of Laws of 2008, No. 119, item 765 as amended) organic and organic-mineral fertilizers as well as organic and organic-mineral plant cultivation agents must not exceed, in the case of: 1) chromium (Cr) - 100 mg, 2) cadmium (Cd) - 5 mg, 3) nickel (Ni) - 60 mg, 4) lead (Pb) - 140 mg, 5) mercury (Hg) - 2 mg

- per kg of dry matter of fertilizer or plant conditioner.

It is an object of the invention to provide a fertilizer with a soil beneficial pH, improving the soil pH from acidic to alkaline, rich in nutrients, as well as slowly releasing into the soil, non-crushing and easy to pack, store and transport.

PL 238 852 Β1

The aim of the invention is also to use for the production of fertilizer meeting the requirements set out in legal regulations, waste dust generated during the combustion process in industrial furnaces.

The multi-component fertilizer containing bentonite is characterized according to the invention in that it is a dried granulate of a mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in the amount of 73-77.64% by weight. and bentonite in an amount of 3.66-7 wt.%, an oily substance of vegetable origin in an amount of 2.44-8 wt.%. and 12-16.26 wt% distilled water, in the form of pellets.

The method of producing a multi-component fertilizer containing bentonite, which consists in mixing components and forming the fertilizer, is characterized according to the invention in that a mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in an amount of 73-77.64 wt. bentonite is added in an amount of 3.66-7% by weight, an oily substance of vegetable origin in an amount of 2.44-8% by weight. and distilled water in the amount of 12-16.26% by weight, these components are mixed at an external temperature of 20-25 ° C with an electric stirrer for 3-6 minutes at a rotational speed of 1000-1300 rpm until the mixture moisture is 16% -18% and a grain fraction of 2-3 mm, then the obtained mixture is made into a pellet fertilizer at room temperature using a known pellet mill and dried at a temperature of 25 ° C.

Due to the weight share of PM2.5 and PM 10 dust in fertilization, the content of heavy metals in these dusts does not exceed the permissible standards, i.e. the concentrations for the fertilizer: chromium (Cr) - 100 mg, cadmium (Cd) - 5 mg, nickel (Ni ) - 60 mg, lead (Pb) - 140 mg, mercury (Hg) - 2 mg per 1 kg of dry matter. Fertilizer can fulfill its function by providing plants with nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, manganese, copper, iron, sodium, molybdenum, cobalt and selenium.

The fertilizer has a beneficial pH for the soil, it changes the pH of the soil from neutral with a value of 7.4-7.6 to slightly acidic with a pH of 5.8-6.8. Due to the production of fertilizer and its formation in the form of pellets, the fertilizer does not crush, is slowly released in the soil and has an extended solubility period, thus providing the soil with nutrients for longer, and is also easy to pack, store and transport.

The subject of the invention has been presented in the following examples:

Example I:

To the mixture of separated PM2.5 and PM10 dust in the amount of 955 g, i.e. 77.64% by weight, bentonite was added in the amount of 45 g, i.e. 3.66% by weight, sunflower oil in the amount of 30 g - i.e. 2 44 wt.% and distilled water in an amount of 200 g - i.e. 16.26 wt.%. These components were mixed at an external temperature of 25 ° C with an electric stirrer for three minutes at a rotational speed of 1000 revolutions per minute, until the mixture moisture was 18% and a grain fraction of 2 mm, and then the obtained mixture was produced using a known pelleting machine with a hole diameter of 8 mm, room temperature, fertilizer in the form of pellets, which were dried at 25 ° C in order to evaporate the water and stabilize the physical properties of the fertilizer. The fertilizer contains the following minerals:

Name of the study / service Unit Method determination limit [mg / L] Result Potassium content mg / kg 0.025 13,651.58 Phosphorus content mg / kg 0.04 7419.07 Calcium content mg / kg 0.05 20,556.71 Magnesium content mg / kg 0.04 5465.61 Zinc content mg / kg 0.0008 1375.19 Boron content mg / kg 0.00002 372.00 Manganese content mg / kg 0.0016 271.13 Copper content mg / kg 0.0005 374.29 Iron content mg / kg 0.002 25,056.38 Sodium content mg / kg 0.03 6991.44 Molybdenum content mg / kg 0.005 20.35 Cobalt content mg / kg 0.003 98.82 Selenium content mg / kg 0.005 32.27 Nitrogen g / 100g - 0.13

PL 238 852 Β1

Example II:

To the mixture of the separated PM2.5 and PM10 dust in the amount of 910 g - i.e. 73% by weight, bentonite was added in the amount of 90 g - i.e. 7% by weight, rapeseed oil in the amount of 100 g - i.e. 8% by weight. and distilled water in an amount of 150 g, i.e. - 12 wt.%. These components were mixed at an external temperature of 20 ° C with an electric stirrer for six minutes at a rotational speed of 1300 revolutions per minute until a mixture of 16% humidity and a grain fraction of 3 mm was obtained, and then the obtained mixture was prepared using a known pelleting machine with a hole diameter of 8 mm, at a temperature of room, fertilizer in the form of pellets, which were dried at a temperature of 25 ° C in order to evaporate the water and stabilize the physical properties of the fertilizer.

The fertilizer contains the following minerals:

Name of the study / service Unit Method determination limit [mg / L] Result Potassium content mg / kg 0.025 12,684.91 Phosphorus content mg / kg 0.04 4803.38 Calcium content mg / kg 0.05 15085.93 Magnesium content mg / kg 0.04 8686.31 Zinc content mg / kg 0.0008 866.63 Boron content mg / kg 0.00002 240.55 Manganese content mg / kg 0.0016 323.58 Copper content mg / kg 0.0005 270.36 Iron content mg / kg 0.002 31521.25 Sodium content mg / kg 0.03 9895.30 Molybdenum content mg / kg 0.005 9.83 Cobalt content mg / kg 0.003 69.53 Selenium content mg / kg 0.005 28.07 Nitrogen g / 100g - 0.13

Patent claims

Claims (2)

Patent claims 1. Multicomponent fertilizer containing bentonite, characterized in that it is a dried granulate of a mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in the amount of 73-77.64% by weight. and bentonite in an amount of 3.66-7 wt.%, an oily substance of vegetable origin in an amount of 2.44-8 wt.%. and 12-16.26 wt% distilled water, in the form of pellets. 2. A method of producing a multi-component fertilizer containing bentonite, which consists in mixing components, shaping the fertilizer and drying, characterized in that the mixture of PM2.5 and PM10 dust in the amount of 73-77.64 wt. bentonite is added in an amount of 3.66-7% by weight, an oily substance of vegetable origin in an amount of 2.44-8% by weight. and distilled water in the amount of 12-16.26% by weight, these components are mixed at an external temperature of 20-25 ° C with an electric stirrer for 3-6 minutes at a rotational speed of 1000-1300 rpm until the mixture moisture is 16% -18% and a grain fraction of 2-3 mm, then the obtained mixture is made into a pellet fertilizer at room temperature using a known pellet mill and dried at a temperature of 25 ° C.