NZ568768A - Lithium polymer battery powered intravenous fluid warmer - Google Patents

Lithium polymer battery powered intravenous fluid warmer

Info

Publication number
NZ568768A
NZ568768A NZ568768A NZ56876806A NZ568768A NZ 568768 A NZ568768 A NZ 568768A NZ 568768 A NZ568768 A NZ 568768A NZ 56876806 A NZ56876806 A NZ 56876806A NZ 568768 A NZ568768 A NZ 568768A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
battery
fluid warmer
lithium polymer
fluid
sensor
Prior art date
Application number
NZ568768A
Inventor
David Cassidy
Original Assignee
Enginivity Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enginivity Llc filed Critical Enginivity Llc
Publication of NZ568768A publication Critical patent/NZ568768A/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/663—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/44—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for cooling or heating the devices or media
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/65—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overtemperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/40—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load characterised by the loads connecting to the networks or being supplied by the networks
    • H02J2105/46—Medical devices, medical implants or life supporting devices
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for use with a system for warming an intravenous fluid to be administered to a living body, which includes a case through which an intravenous fluid line extends, is disclosed. The apparatus includes a housing configured for attachment to the case. The housing includes: several lithium polymer cells; a charger connected to the lithium polymer cells; a heater positioned to transfer heat to the case and attached to a thermal fuse; a fluid warmer microcontroller connected to the charger and the heater; a spread spectrum oscillator connected to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a battery condition indicator and controller connected to a fluid warmer cover closure signal and to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a first order battery protection circuit connected to elements selected from the group consisting of: the battery condition indicator and controller, at least one sensor connected to at least one of the lithium polymer cells, a cell balance circuit connected to the at least one of the lithium polymer cells, and a battery disconnect switch; a second order battery protection circuit connected to the at least one of the lithium polymer cells and the thermal fuse; and a fluid warmer over-temperature protection to sense the temperature of the case during use and connected to the thermal fuse.

Description

568768 TITLE OF THE INVENTION LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERY POWERED INTRAVENOUS FLUID WARMER TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention is generally related to battery-operated fluid warmers and, in particular, to fluid warmers running on batteries including lithium polymer rechargeable cells.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application titled LITHIUM POLYMER BATTERY PACK, Application No. 60/734,108 filed on November 7, 2005.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT Not applicable 2 0 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Intravenous (IV) fluid warmers have traditionally been powered by an AC power source because of the high power required to heat IV fluids. Battery powered IV fluid warmers 25 have heretofore had poor performance' because of the battery sources which have been available.
The battery requirements for IV fluid warmers include the following: 1. Small size and weight for easy portability, 3 0 2. Extremely high discharge rates (very low impedance), 3. Protection from overcharging, 4 . Protection from overdischarging, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 . Capability to heat at least four liters of IV fluids, and 6. Battery "gas gauge" (Battery Condition Indicator) to monitor battery charge status.
A known battery powered IV fluid warmer is called the Thermal Angel and is produced by Estill Medical. Thermal Angel uses a 12 volt lead acid battery which is heavy, weighing about 7 pounds, limiting its portability. The battery requires an external charger and thus requires an io extra piece of equipment for operational use Thermal Angel has a low heating capacity of less than 2 liters of room temperature IV fluid. It cannot be charged while the fluid warmer is in use. It has a long charge time of about 12 hours and cannot be fast charged. In addition, the device 15 has only a minimal gas gauge which is only accurate when the battery is not in use.
Lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries have extremely low internal impedance and are particularly suitable for high current applications. They have very high energy density, do 20 not exhibit memory effects, and in addition, are environmentally safe. However, such batteries can be dangerous if overcharged or overdischarged and in such circumstances the batteries can explode or catch fire.
SUMMARY in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, lithium polymer (LiPo) battery cells are employed in a portable unit which includes battery protection 30 circuitry, charging circuitry, cell balancing circuitry, and control and communication circuitry. The batteries can be charged while in use by an internal charger. Battery charging and discharging are accomplished in a controlled and protected manner to avoid overcharging and 35 overdischarging conditions. The novel battery pack has RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 built-in safeguards against dangerous LiPo battery conditions and is implemented in a small, portable unit which contains the battery cells, control and protection circuitry, internal charger and display gauge. The battery 5 pack or the battery cells may be enclosed in an enclosure resistant to fire and/or explosion.
An embodiment of the present invention is described herein for powering a fluid warmer for intravenous or similar fluids. It is contemplated that the present 10 invention may also be employed as a power source for powering other medical equipment or electrical equipment more generally.
An aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for use with a system for warming an intravenous 15 fluid to be administered to a living body, which includes a case through which an intravenous fluid line extends, said apparatus comprising: a housing configured for attachment to the case, the housing including: a plurality of lithium polymer cells; a charger connected to the plurality of 20 lithium polymer cells; a heater positioned to transfer heat to the case and attached to a thermal fuse; a fluid warmer microcontroller connected to the charger and the heater; a spread spectrum oscillator connected to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a battery condition indicator and 25 controller connected to a fluid warmer cover closure signal and to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a first order battery protection circuit connected to elements selected from the group consisting of: the battery condition indicator and controller, at least one sensor connected to 30 at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer cells, a cell balance circuit connected to the at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer cells, and a battery disconnect switch; a second order battery protection circuit connected to the at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer 35 cells and the thermal fuse; and a fluid warmer RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 overtemperature protection to sense the temperature of the case during use and connected to the thermal fuse.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS Further aspects of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in 10 which: FIG. 1 - A fluid warmer assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2A - A fluid warmer heating and control circuit, part 1 of 2, according to the first embodiment of the 15 present invention.
FIG. 2B - The fluid warmer heating and control circuit, part 2 of 2, according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 - A fluid warmer heating and control circuit 20 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 - A charger circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
[THE NEXT PAGE IS PAGE 4] - 3a - 568768 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The fluid warmer assembly of the present invention is useful for powering an IV fluid warmer used in military and civilian emergency settings, such as a battlefield or 5 civilian medical facility. DC power for charging the fluid warmer assembly can be provided from a vehicle or other battery source operating over a typical voltage range of 12-36 volts DC. An interconnecting cable can provide an electrical connection between an external DC power source and 10 the fluid warmer assembly. In one embodiment, a hermaphrodite cable may be provided so that only a single cable having associated connectors is necessary to make a connection between the fluid warmer assembly and a power source. Such hermaphrodite connectors have no "wrong end" 15 and either connector end can be plugged into the fluid warmer assembly and the power source.
The fluid warmer assembly according to the present invention provides a unitary device which contains the battery cells, control and monitoring circuitry and charging 2 0 circuitry needed for reliable and safe operation without a need for auxiliary or additional equipment. The fluid warmer assembly may have a replaceable heater cartridge inside the fluid warmer. The replaceable heater cartridge includes a case through which an intravenous fluid line or a tube 25 extends. Components in contact with the fluid may optionally be of a single-use design considering a convenient use or medically hazardous conditions. The fluid warmer assembly is capable of an intelligent power control within safe operating limits of the exemplary LiPo cells. 3 0 Data from the fluid warmer assembly can typically represent the following parameters: Nominal voltage, Battery capacity and amp/hours, 568768 Maximum current draw, and Low voltage cut out level.
Battery temperature is monitored to determine the proper load or charging parameters. An audible alarm can be 5 provided in the fluid warmer assembly to signify a fully discharged state and/or a hazard state. Multicolor LEDs can be included to show, for example, a change from red to green to indicate the state of charge.
FIG. 1 illustrates a fluid warmer assembly 100 according 10 to a first embodiment of the present invention. A fluid warmer 105 has a fluid warmer cover 101 and a fluid warmer cover 103. The arrows above the fluid warmer cover 101 and the fluid warmer cover 103 show the respective bidirectional capability of movement. The fluid warmer cover 101 and the 15 fluid warmer cover 103 include a switch (not shown) that generates a fluid warmer cover closure signal 244, described below, indicating whether the fluid warmer covers 101, 103 are open or closed.
A unitary housing includes the fluid warmer 105, 2 0 monitoring and control electronics, and the rechargeable cells. Specifically, the fluid warmer 105 is disposed on a fluid warmer heating and control circuit 107, which includes a group of rechargeable Lithium Polymer cells, namely, LiPo cells 110, 112, 114, and 116. In a preferred embodiment, the 25 fluid warmer assembly 100 has a removable cartridge 105a to which a fluid line is attached and through which fluid is caused to flow. The cartridge is typically for a single use and is disposed of after use with a patient. The fluid warmer assembly 100 is typically usable for a period of time 3 0 that the battery pack is capable of being recharged.
However, a person having an ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that there could be several . variations to a 568768 structural relationship between the various components of the fluid warmer assembly 100 described above.
FIGS. 2A and 2B describe a fluid warmer heating and control circuit 200 according to the first embodiment of the 5 present invention. FIGS. 2A and 2B connect at points A, B, pack(+) 240 and pack(-) 242.
The fluid warmer heating and control circuit 2 00 is capable of sensing a hazardous condition inside one or more individual cells, such as LiPo cell 210, of battery pack 262. 10 Further, the fluid warmer heating and control circuit 20 0 permits a magnetic or other isolating coupling of power from a charger 232 to Pack(+) 240. The fluid warmer heating and control circuit 200 has a novel structure that does not permit a conduction of electric power from the battery pack 15 262 through the charger 23 2 by including a battery discharge switch 230. That is, electric power from the battery pack 262 to a load does not pass through the charging circuit.
FIG. 2A shows that external power is connected through terminals labeled as external power(+) 202 and external 20 power(-) 206. A power path controller logic 221, akin to steering logic, controls two switches, namely, an external power switch 208 and the battery discharge switch 230 such that based on a need of the fluid warmer assembly 100 or of the battery pack 262, power, may be directed from external 25 power or the battery pack 262.
External power(+) 202 is also connected to a low voltage power supply 220 which delivers power to all circuits of the fluid warmer assembly 100 except a heater 226. The heater 226 includes a heating element, adapted to heat a fluid to be 3 0 administered to a living body in an efficient manner. The heater 226 is controlled by a heater control switch 228 operated by a fluid warmer microcontroller 222. 568768 The heater 226 is powered via a thermal fuse 224 connected to a fluid warmer overtemperature protection circuit 218 and to a second order battery protection circuit 252 shown on FIG. 2B. On sensing a temperature of the fluid 5 warmer 105 exceeding a predetermined limit, the fluid warmer overtemperature protection circuit .218 electrically heats and melts the thermal fuse .224 to prevent an overheating condition. To improve protection, the second order battery protection circuit 252, independent of other protection 10 measures, has been included. On sensing a potentially damaging condition in any of the components of the battery pack 262, the second order battery protection circuit 252 electrically heats and melts the thermal fuse 224 to prevent a furtherance of the potentially damaging condition. A 15 common damaging condition is an excessive voltage across the components of the battery pack 262, namely, LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216 shown on FIG. 2B. Though the second order battery protection circuit 252 is shown connected to the voltage sensor 256, other sensor(s) may also be connected to 2 0 the second order battery protection circuit 252.
The fluid warmer microcontroller 222 may operate the heater control switch 22 8 based on a range of conditions stemming from personal safety and circuit operation considerations. A spread spectrum oscillator 204 is included 25 in the fluid warmer heating and control circuit 200 for at least two purposes. A first purpose is to provide for an improved electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. A second purpose is to facilitate, via the fluid warmer microcontroller 222, a pulse width modulation of the charger 30 232 to control the output voltage or regulate the current of the charger 232. The charger 232 is connected to the battery pack 262 via pack( + ) 240. In an alternative embodiment, suitable circuitry included either in the spread spectrum RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 oscillator 204 or the charger 232 may permit a direct connection between the spread spectrum oscillator 204 and the charger 232 for controlling the output voltage or regulating the current of the charger 232. In such an 5 embodiment, charger 232 is connected to battery condition indicator and controller 248 described below.
FIG. 233 also illustrates some additional monitoring and control blocks to facilitate charging and discharging of the battery pack 262. A battery condition indicator and 10 controller 248 may interface with, as shown in Fig. 2B, a first order battery protection circuit 250, a current sensor 264, a fluid warmer cover closure signal 244, and a fluid warmer microcontroller 222. In some embodiments, the battery condition indicator and controller has an 15 electromagnetic interface. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic interface is an electrical interface. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic interface is an optical interface. The battery condition indicator and controller 248 is connected to a first order battery 20 protection circuit 250. The battery condition indicator and controller 248 together with the first order battery protection circuit 250 provide a first-level protection to the LiPo cells, indicate the battery capacity, charge the LiPo cells in a balanced manner, facilitate "sleep" or 25 "wake" -style activation of the LiPo cells, and communicate with external circuits as needed. The operation of the battery condition indicator and controller 248 is activated when a fluid warmer cover closure signal 244 is received.
That is, the fluid warmer cover closure signal 244 is 30 generated when the fluid warmer covers 101, 103 operate as shown on FIG. 1. As an example, heating of a fluid in fluid warmer 105 begins when the fluid warmer covers 101, 103 are closed.
The first order battery protection circuit 250 accepts RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 inputs from several sensors to operate a battery disconnect switch 246. These sensors are: voltage sensor 256, temperature sensors 258 and 260, current sensor 264, and strain/pressure sensor 266. These sensors may be connected 5 to one or more of the LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216.
Though only four LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216 are shown, more or fewer LiPo cells may be employed based on a given application by making simple changes in the fluid warmer - 8a - 568768 heating and control circuit 200 appreciated by a person having an ordinary skill in the art. In addition to a voltage sensor 256 and a current sensor 264, the first order battery protection circuit 250 also accepts a temperature 5 sensor 258 and a temperature sensor 260. Based on a structure or a layout of the fluid warmer assembly 10 0 of FIG. 1, the temperature sensor 258 and the temperature sensor 260 may be located at different points on the battery pack 262 to provide a better monitoring, in a distributed manner, 10 of the overall temperature of the battery pack 262. Though not shown on FIGS. 2A and 2B, additional temperature sensors may be provided, for example, to monitor an ambient temperature or a body temperature.
The current sensor 2 64 is also connected to the battery 15 condition indicator and controller 248 to permit a control of the first order battery protection circuit 250 and facilitate the battery condition indicator and controller 248 to function as a "battery gas gauge." It may also be noted that FIGS. 2A and 2B show the fluid warmer microcontroller 222 and 2 0 the battery condition indicator and controller 248 as separate blocks but these two may be combined in a single controller.
The first order battery protection circuit 250 is connected to a cell balance circuit 254. The cell balance 25 circuit 254 block monitors various parameters, such as charging/discharging current and terminal voltage. Cell balancing is accomplished by shunting current around one or more of the LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216 in an intelligent manner. That is, current is shunted around a 3 0 cell which has a higher voltage to an adjacent cell during charging.
The first order battery protection circuit 25 0 is also connected to a strain/pressure sensor 266 via a diode 268 at 568768 a point where the temperature sensor 260 is connected. The diode 286 pulls the temperature sensor 260 low. The strain/pressure sensor 266 is attached to the battery pack 262 in such a manner that the strain/pressure sensor 266 5 detects a change in a stress or a strain or a pressure relevant to the battery pack 262 or any of the constituent LiPo cells, such as the LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216. Such changes, as well a change in a dimension of the battery pack 262 or any of the constituent LiPo cells, such as the 10 LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216, may herald a potentially harmful condition inside the battery pack 262. An example of change in dimension is a swelling or expansion of an individual cell or the battery pack 262. The first order battery protection circuit 250 operates in response to the 15 signal of the strain/pressure sensor 266, to generate suitable alarms(s) and disconnects the batteries via switch 246 .
The fluid warmer heating and control circuit 200 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B conditions external power to make it 20 usable by the low voltage supply 220, performs pulse width modulation for an intelligent performance of the charger 232, improves the EMC performance, monitors the battery pack 262, via several sensors, for a safe operation, includes a back-up battery protection and a fluid warmer overtemperature 25 protection via the thermal fuse 224. These functions are performed while also sensing the dimensions of the LiPo cells, or the battery pack 262, for a potential structural failure and not permitting a load current from the battery pack 262 to pass through the charger 232 circuitry. 30 Various circuits or blocks of FIGS. 2A and 2B may be implemented by several commercially available integrated circuits. The spread spectrum oscillator 204 can be based on LTC6908 of the Linear Technology Corporation. A pulse width RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 modulator, to control the charger 232, can be implemented by the MCP1630 of the Microchip Technology, Inc. The battery condition indicator and controller 248 and the first order battery protection circuit 250 can be implemented by the bq20z70 and the bq29330 chipset of Texas Instruments. The second order battery protection circuit 252 can be implemented by the bq2941x family of Texas Instruments.
The fluid warmer heating and control circuit 200, including the battery pack 262, may be enclosed in a fire-and/or explosion-resistant enclosure (150 depicted in Figure 1). Alternatively, such an enclosure can contain only the LiPo cells 210, 212, 214, and 216 (152 depicted in Figure 1). Such enclosure may be rigid or flexible, and composed of a fire- and/or explosion-resistant material such as Kevlar®. A commercially available envelope sold under the brand Liposack is also useful for such an enclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates a fluid warmer heating and control circuit 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. As an illustration, eight LiPo cells, namely, 310, 312, 314, 316, 31OA, 312A, 314A, and 316A, are connected in series and included in a battery pack 362. Each of the LiPo cells is connected to a first order battery protection circuit 350, a second order battery protection circuit 352 and a cell balance circuit 354. The first order battery protection circuit 350 and the cell balance circuit 354 are connected to a fluid warmer controller 322 which also receives temperature information from a temperature sensor 358 and from an ambient temperature sensor 372. The fluid warmer controller 322 is in communication with a charger 332. The fluid warmer controller 322 communicates with a controller of an IV fluid warmer system (not shown) via a data input/output 341. A UART included in the fluid warmer controller 322 can be used for data transfer. The fluid warmer controller 322 is also coupled to an array of LEDs, RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 constituting a battery condition indicator 370, which indicates battery charge and also a warning of a hazardous condition. The battery condition indicator 370 may include a display and an annunciator 371. A push-to-test switch 374 is provided for actuation of the battery condition indicator 370.
The LiPo cells 310, 312, 314, 316, 310A, 312A, 314A, and 316A are connected via a current sensor 364 to the negative output terminal labeled Pack(-) 342. The positive output of the stack is connected via a thermal fuse 324 and a pair of MOSFET P 380 and MOSFET P 3 82 to the positive output terminal labeled Pack (+) 340. The reference numerals 376 and 37 8 indicate the body diodes inherent with the structure of the respective MOSFET P 380 and MOSFET P 382. The charge and discharge states of the LiPo cells 310, 312, 314, 316, 310A, 312A, 314A, and 316A are continuously monitored by the first order battery protection circuit 350 and the second order battery protection circuit 352 and the charge status is provided to the fluid warmer controller 322. The fluid warmer controller 322 provides control signals to the cell balance circuit 3 54 operative to adjust the charging and discharging current to LiPo cells 310, 312, 314, 316, 31OA, 312A, 314A, and 316A within a safe operating range. In the event of an undesirable condition, such as an abnormally high voltage or a high current or a high temperature, the fluid warmer controller 322 in response to inputs from the first order battery protection circuit 3 50 and the second order battery protection circuit 3 52 and/or cell balance circuit 354 and/or from temperature sensor 358 and ambient temperature sensor 372, causes one or both of MOSFET P 380 and MOSFET P 3 82 to turn off and thereby shut off the supply of current from the LiPo cells 310, 312, 314, 316, 310A, 312A, 314A, and 316A. 568768 The second order battery protection circuit 352 is operative to monitor charge and discharge states of the LiPo cells 310, '312, 314, 316, 310A, 312A, 314A, and 316A and in the event of a fault condition provide an output current to 5 melt the thermal fuse 324 to disconnect the LiPo cells 310, 312, 314, 316, 310A, 312A, 314A, and 316A before a dangerous condition can occur.
The charger 332 is internal to the fluid warmer assembly 100 of FIG. 1 and eliminates a need for a separate or 10 external charger. In addition, the charger 332 can be operative while the fluid warmer assembly 100 is in use if the fluid warmer assembly 100 is connected to an external charging power source. DC power can be provided to the fluid warmer assembly 100 for operating the charger 332. 15 The fluid warmer controller 322 provides an identification information via the data input/output 341 to the fluid warmer assembly 100 such that the fluid warmer assembly 10 0 recognizes an appropriate power source for powering the fluid warmer assembly 100.
FIG. 4 illustrates a charger circuit 432 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Though FIG. 4 shows only one LiPo cell 410, there could be more such LiPo cells based on a specific application.
Similar to the feature of the first embodiment, the 25 charger circuit 432 directs a discharge load current on a path separate from a path of charging current. Specifically, a switch including MOSFET P 480 and MOSFET P 482 connects the LiPo cell 410 to pack(+) 440, via a thermal fuse 424, away from the charging circuitry of charger circuit 432. 30 When pack(+) 440 and pack(-) 442 are supplied with less than the LiPo cell 410 voltage, a step up conversion is provided by MOSFET N 484, MOSFET N 486, inductor 488 and diode 496. The step up conversion is accomplished under the 568768 fluid warmer controller 322 management by holding MOSFET N 484 on and pulsing MOSFET N 486. While MOSFET N 486 is on, current rises in inductor 488, and when MOSFET N 486 turns off, the voltage across inductor 488 reverses polarity and' 5 discharges from the pack+ 440 terminal through diode 496 into the battery.
When pack( + ) 440 and pack(-) 442 are supplied with battery voltage greater than that of the LiPo cell 410, a step down conversion is provided by MOSFET N 484, MOSFET N 486, inductor 488, diode 496 and diode 494. The fluid warmer controller 322 causes pulsing .of both MOSFET N 484 and MOSFET N 486. Current rises in inductor 488 while MOSFET N 484 and MOSFET N 486 are on. When MOSFET N 484 and MOSFET N 486 turn off, the voltage across inductor 488 reverses polarity and discharges through diode 496 into the LiPo cell 410 and from the LiPo cell 410 through diode 494. Alternatively, the diodes 4 94 and 496 may be replaced with an active switch, such as a MOSFET, for a higher efficiency. Charge current is controlled by measuring the voltage drop across a current 2 0 sensor 464 and varying the duty cycle of MOSFET N 4 84 and MOSFET N 486. The reference numerals 476, 478, 490, and 4 92 indicate the body diodes inherent with the structure of the respective MOSFET P 480, MOSFET P 482, MOSFET N 4 84, and MOSFET N 48 6.
The embodiment described above employs a buck-boost converter. A SEPIC converter {Single-ended Primary Inductance Converter) may also be included in the charger circuit 432 in place of the buck-boost converter.
As discussed in relation to FIG. 3, the second order 3 0 battery protection circuit 352 can interrupt power using the thermal fuse 424 in the event of a major failure such as failure of the MOSFET P 480 or MOSFET P 482, or of the first order battery protection circuit 350. 568768 Though the above description has generally been oriented to powering an IV fluid warmer, a person having an ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the fluid warmer assembly 100 can also be used for heating other liquids or 5 substances with suitable modifications or enhancements. The invention is not limited to heating IV or other fluids, but is applicable to powering other electrical devices and equipment including other medical devices and equipment.
It will be appreciated by a person having an ordinary 10 skill in the art that modifications to and variations of the above described invention may be made without departing from the inventive concepts disclosed herein. Accordingly, the invention should not be viewed as limited except as by the scope and spirit of the appended claims.

Claims (22)

RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 The claims defining the invention are as follows:
1. An apparatus for use with a system for warming an intravenous fluid to be administered to a living body, which includes a case through which an intravenous fluid line extends, said apparatus comprising: a housing configured for attachment to the case, the housing including: a plurality of lithium polymer cells; a charger connected to the plurality of lithium polymer cells; a heater positioned to transfer heat to the case and attached to a thermal fuse; a fluid warmer microcontroller connected to the charger and the heater; a spread spectrum oscillator connected to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a battery condition indicator and controller connected to a fluid warmer cover closure signal and to the fluid warmer microcontroller; a first order battery protection circuit connected to elements selected from the group consisting of: the battery condition indicator and controller, at least one sensor connected to at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer cells, a cell balance circuit connected to the at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer cells, and a battery disconnect switch; a second order battery protection circuit connected to the at least one of the plurality of lithium polymer cells and the thermal fuse; and a fluid warmer overtemperature protection to sense the temperature of the case during use and connected to the thermal fuse. - 16 - RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the case includes a removable cartridge wherein a fluid is caused to flow through the removable cartridge.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is a plurality of temperature sensors.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the plurality of temperature sensors are attached to the plurality of lithium polymer cells in a distributed manner.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is a voltage sensor.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is a current sensor connected to the battery condition indicator and controller.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is a stress sensor.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the stress sensor includes a diode to pull a temperature sensor low.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one sensor is a strain sensor.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the strain sensor includes a diode to pull a temperature sensor low.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a power path controller logic circuit to control an external power switch and a battery discharge switch.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a heater - 17 - RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 control switch between the fluid warmer microcontroller and the heater.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a battery-condition indicator having a display.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a battery condition indicator having an annunciator.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the charger is coupled to the plurality of lithium polymer cells such that the charger directs a discharge load current on a path separate from a path of charging current.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the battery condition indicator and controller has an electromagnetic interface.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the electromagnetic interface is an electrical interface.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the electromagnetic interface is an optical interface.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein an electric current to warm the case conducts in a circuit separate from the charger.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a fire and/or explosion resistant enclosure containing the battery pack.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a fire and/or explosion resistant enclosure containing the plurality of lithium polymer cells.
22. An apparatus for use with a system for warming an - 18 - RECEIVED at IPONZ on 01 April 2010 568768 intravenous fluid to be administered to a living body, said apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to an embodiment as shown in one or more of the accompanying drawings. Enginivity LLC By the Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON & FERGUSON Per: - 19 -
NZ568768A 2005-11-07 2006-11-06 Lithium polymer battery powered intravenous fluid warmer NZ568768A (en)

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US7956583B2 (en) 2011-06-07
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US20110238012A1 (en) 2011-09-29
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AU2006311869B2 (en) 2011-10-27
EP1952478A2 (en) 2008-08-06
CA2843561C (en) 2014-10-28
CA2628431A1 (en) 2007-05-18
EP2993726A1 (en) 2016-03-09
US7741815B2 (en) 2010-06-22
AU2006311869A1 (en) 2007-05-18
US8796997B2 (en) 2014-08-05
US20100253288A1 (en) 2010-10-07
EP1952478B1 (en) 2016-01-06

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