NZ550044A

NZ550044A - Cancerous disease modifying antibodies

Info

Publication number: NZ550044A
Application number: NZ550044A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: David S F Young; Susan E Hahn; Helen P Findlay; Fortunata Mcconkey; Michelle Kelleher; Andrea Warner
Original assignee: Hoffmann La Roche
Priority date: 2004-03-26
Filing date: 2005-03-29
Publication date: 2009-12-24
Also published as: TW200643418A

Abstract

Provided is a specified monoclonal antibody which binds to Laminin Receptor I Precursor (37LRP). Further provided are binding assays using the antibody, methods of diagnosis using the same to determine the presence of cancerous cells in a tissue sample and use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of human tumours.

Description

550044 CANCEROUS DISEASE MODIFYING ANTIBODIES FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the isolation and production of cancerous disease modifying antibodies (CDMAB) and to the use of these CDMAB in therapeutic and 5 diagnostic processes, optionally in combination with one or more chemotherapeutic agents. The invention further relates to binding assays which utilize the CDMAB of the instant invention.

More particularly, this invention relates to the diagnosis and treatment of cancerous diseases which revolves around the ability of the 5LAC-23 monoclonal antibody (or 10 antigenic binding fragments derived therefrom) to bind with the Laminin Receptor 1 Precursor Protein 37LRP; and most particularly to diagnosis and treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by various means which rely upon direct binding of 5LAC-23 with the particular antigenic moiety specifically recognized thereby and generally overexpressed in Hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Each individual who presents with cancer is unique and has a cancer that is as different from other cancers as that person' s identity. Despite this, current therapy treats all patients with the same type of cancer, at the same stage, in the same way. At least 30 percent of these patients will fail the first line therapy, thus leading to further rounds of 20 treatment and the increased probability of treatment failure, metastases, and ultimately, death. A superior approach to treatment would be the customization of therapy for the particular individual. The only current therapy that lends itself to customization is surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation treatment cannot be tailored to the patient, and in most cases, surgery by itself is inadequate for producing cures.

With the advent of monoclonal antibodies, the possibility of developing methods for customized therapy became more realistic since each antibody can be directed to a single epitope. Furthermore, it is possible to produce a combination of antibodies that are directed to the constellation of epitopes that uniquely define a particular individual's tumor. 1 550044 Having recognized that a significant difference between cancerous and normal cells is that cancerous cells contain antigens that are specific to transformed cells, the scientific community has long held that monoclonal antibodies can be designed to specifically target transformed cells by binding specifically to these cancer antigens; thus giving rise to the 5 belief that monoclonal antibodies can serve as "Magic Bullets" to eliminate cancer cells. However, it is now widely recognized that no single monoclonal antibody can serve in all instances of cancer, and that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed, as a class, as targeted cancer treatments.

Monoclonal antibodies isolated in accordance with the teachings of the instantly 10 disclosed invention have been shown to modify the cancerous disease process in a manner which is beneficial to the patient, for example by reducing the tumor burden, and will variously be referred to herein as cancerous disease modifying antibodies (CDMAB) or "anti-cancer" antibodies.

At the present time, the cancer patient usually has few options of treatment. The 15 regimented approach to cancer therapy has produced improvements in global survival and morbidity rates. However, to the particular individual, these improved statistics do not necessarily correlate with an improvement in their personal situation.

Thus, if a methodology was put forth which enabled the practitioner to treat each tumor independently of other patients in the same cohort, this would permit the unique 20 approach of tailoring therapy to just that one person. Such a course of therapy would, ideally, increase the rate of cures, and produce better outcomes, thereby satisfying a long-felt need.

Historically, the use of polyclonal antibodies has been used with limited success in the treatment of human cancers. Lymphomas and leukemias have been treated with human 25 plasma, but there were few prolonged remission or responses. Furthermore, there was a lack of reproducibility and no additional benefit compared to chemotherapy. Solid tumors such as breast cancers, melanomas and renal cell carcinomas have also been treated with human blood, chimpanzee serum, human plasma and horse serum with correspondingly unpredictable and ineffective results.

There have been many clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies for solid tumors. In the 1980s there were at least 4 clinical trials for human breast cancer that produced only 1 responder from at least 47 patients using antibodies against specific antigens or based on tissue selectivity. It was not until 1998 that there was a successful clinical trial using a humanized anti-Her2/neu antibody (HERCEPTIN) in combination with CISPLATIN. In 550044 this trial 37 patients were assessed for responses of which about a quarter had a partial response rate and an additional quarter had minor or stable disease progression. The median time to progression among the responders was 8.4 months with median response duration of 5.3 months. ^ HERCEPTIN was approved in 1998 for first line use in combination with Taxol®.

Clinical study results showed an increase in the median time to disease progression for those who received antibody therapy plus Taxol® (6.9 months) in comparison to the group that received Taxol® alone (3.0 months). There was also a slight increase in median survival; 22 versus 18 months for the HERCEPTIN plus Taxol® treatment arm versus the 10 Taxol® treatment alone arm. In addition, there was an increase in the number of both complete (8 versus 2 percent) and partial responders (34 versus 15 percent) in the antibody plus Taxol® combination group in comparison to Taxol® alone. However, treatment with HERCEPTIN and Taxol® led to a higher incidence of cardiotoxicity in comparison to Taxol® treatment alone (13 versus 1 percent respectively). In clinical trials the expression 15 level of Her2/neu, as determined by immunohistochemistry, predicted responses to HERCEPTIN therapy. Among patients with metastatic breast cancer only those with overexpression of Her2/neu, designated as 2-3+ on an pathology scoring scale, benefited from antibody therapy. Approximately 25 percent of patients who have metastatic breast cancer overexpress Her2/neu and could be treated with HERCEPTIN; those without 20 overexpression, and thus would not benefit, are not treated with the antibody. Selection for HERCEPTIN therapy represents a method of selecting patients suitable for treatment based on the identification of molecular markers of disease and this method has been approved as a diagnostic test by the U.S. F.D.A. However, there is still a large unmet need for patients with breast cancer. Even those who can benefit from HERCEPTIN treatment would still 25 require chemotherapy and consequently would still have to deal with, at least to some degree, the side effects of this kind of treatment.

The clinical trials investigating colorectal cancer involve antibodies against both glycoprotein and glycolipid targets. Antibodies such as 17-1 A, which has some specificity for adenocarcinomas, has undergone Phase 2 clinical trials in over 60 patients with only 1 30 patient having a partial response. In other trials, use of 17-1A produced only 1 complete response and 2 minor responses among 52 patients in protocols using additional cyclophosphamide. Other trials involving 17-1A yielded results that were similar. To date, Phase in clinical trials of 17-1A have not demonstrated improved efficacy as adjuvant therapy for stage III colon cancer. The use of a humanized murine monoclonal antibody 550044 initially approved for imaging also did not produce tumor regression.

Only recently have there been any positive results from colorectal cancer clinical studies with the use of monoclonal antibodies. In 2004, ERBITUX was approved for the second line treatment of patients with EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer who 5 are refractory to irinotecan-based chemotherapy. Results from both a two-arm Phase II clinical study and a single arm study showed that ERBITUX in combination with irinotecan had a response rate of 23 and 15 percent respectively with a median time to disease progression of 4.1 and 6.5 months respectively. Results from the same two-arm Phase II clinical study and another single arm study showed that treatment with ERBITUX 10 alone resulted in an 11 and 9 percent response rate respectively with a median time to disease progression of 1.5 and 4.2 months respectively.

Consequently in both Switzerland and the United States, ERBITUX treatment in combination with irinotecan, and in the United States, ERBITUX treatment alone, has been approved as a second line treatment of colon cancer patients who have failed first line 15 irinotecan therapy. Therefore, like HERCEPTIN, treatment in Switzerland is only approved as a combination of monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. In addition, treatment in both Switzerland and the US is only approved for patients as a second line therapy. Also, in 2004, AVASTIN was approved for use in combination with intravenous 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy as a first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. 20 Phase III clinical study results demonstrated a prolongation in the median survival of patients treated with AVASTIN plus 5-fluorouracil compared to patients treated with 5-fluourouracil alone (20 months versus 16 months respectively). However, again like HERCEPTIN and ERBITUX, treatment is only approved as a combination of monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. In addition, there are U.S. F.D.A approved diagnostic tests 25 based on the HERCEPTIN and ERBITUX antigenic targets for use in cancer diagnosis based on the immunohistochemistry platform.

Likewise there have been equally poor results for lung, brain, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and stomach cancers. There has been some limited success in the use of anti-GD3 monoclonal antibodies for melanoma. Thus, it can be seen that despite successful small 30 animal studies that are a prerequisite for human clinical trials, the antibodies that have been tested thus far, have been for the most part, ineffective.

There continues to be poor results for lung, brain, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, stomach cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The most promising recent results for non-small cell lung cancer came from a Phase II clinical trial where treatment involved a 550044 monoclonal antibody (SGN-15; dox-BR96. anti-Sialyl-LeX) conjugated to the cell-killing drug doxorubicin in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent TAXOTERE. TAXOTERE is the only FDA approved chemotherapy for the second line treatment of lung cancer. Initial data indicate an improved overall survival compared to TAXOTERE alone.

Out of the 62 patients who were recruited for the study, two-thirds received SGN-15 in combination with TAXOTERE while the remaining one-third received TAXOTERE alone. For the patients receiving SGN-15 in combination with TAXOTERE, median overall survival was 7.3 months in comparison to 5.9 months for patients receiving TAXOTERE alone. Overall survival at 1 year and 18 months was 29 and 18 percent respectively for 10 patients receiving SGN-15 plus TAXOTERE compared to 24 and 8 percent respectively for patients receiving TAXOTERE alone. Further clinical trials are planned for this drug.

Although SGN-15 has not been approved for marketing, several other antibody conjugates for cancer have been approved by the U.S. F.D.A. since 2000. These include MYLOTARG (gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a humanised anti-CD33 MAb) for the treatment 15 of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, ZEVALIN (ibritumomab tiuxetan. Yttrium conjugated RITUXIMAB, humanised anti-CD20 MAb) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, BEXXAR (1-131 conjugated tositumomab, anti-CD20 MAb) for the treatment of recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These antibodies were developed against cancer specific molecules, which rendered them appropriate for conjugation to either toxins or 20 radio-isotopes. It is apparent that only hematogenous diseases are currently successfully treated with conjugated antibodies, and solid tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, are still in need of such therapies.

Tumor invasion and metastasis is characterized by a series of processes that involve the cancer cells and the host extra cellular matrix. Basement membranes are specialized 25 extra cellular structures that play an important role in organizing the cells that rest on them. Metastases of tumor cells involve interaction of the cells with the components of extracellular matrix (ECM). Laminin is a major component of the basement membrane which promotes cellular attachment, proliferation, growth, differentiation and migration (ICleinman HK et al. J Cell Biochem 1985, 217:317-25. Martin G et al, Annual Rev Cell 30 Biol 1987, 3:57-85. BeckK etal, FASEB J 1990,4:148-60). Invitro and invivo models have shown tumor cell binding to laminin to be associated with cancer invasion, migration and the cability to metastasize (Terranova VP et al, Cancer Res 1982, 42:2265-2269. Varani J et al, Am J pathol 1983,111:27-34. Barsky SH et al, J Clin Invest 1984,74:843-848. MalinoffHL, Int J Cancer 1984,33:651-655. Kanemoto Ketal,ProcNatl Acad Sci 550044 USA 1990, 87:2279-2283). The 67 kD laminin receptor (67LR), is a non-integrin high affinity laminin-binding protein whose expression is significantly increased in cancer cells and interacts with laminin among other cell surface proteins (Malinoff HL et al. Int J Cnacer 1984, 33:651-655. Rao CN et al. Bicohem Biophys Res Commun 1983,111:804-5 808. Terranova VP et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983, 80:444-448. MalinoffH et al. J Cell Biol 1983, 96:1475-1480. Ruyman RB et al. J Cell Biol 1988, 107:1863-1871. Albelda SM et al. FASEB J 1990,4:2868-2880. Hail DE et al. J Cell Biol 1990,110:2175-2184). It has been shown that expression of the 67LR is increased in cancers such as breast, colon, and gastric carcinomas compared to normal tissues (Cioce V et al. J Natl 10 Cancer Inst 1991, 83:29-36. Castronovo V et al. Am J Pathol 1990, 137:1373-1381. D'Errico A et al. Mod Pathol 1991, 4:239-246).

The 67kD laminin receptor (67LR; Table 1) was originally isolated from cell membranes of murine melanoma (Rao et al, 1983. Biochem Biophys Res. Commun. 111:804-808), fibrosarcoma cells (Malinoff & Wicha, 1983. J Cell Biol 96: 1475-1479) 15 and normal bovine muscle cells (Lesot et al, 1983. EMBO J 2: 861). Since then it has been detected in a number of species and is present in a broad range of human tissues (for review see Barsoum Rohrer and Coggin 2000. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 5: 207-230; Menard et al, 1998 J. Cell. Biochem. 67:155-165; Mecham 1991 Annu Rev Cell Biol 7:71-91).

Table 1. Synonyms for Laminin receptor 1 and precursor Protein Names Laminin receptor 1 Laminin receptor 1 (LamR1/LAMR1/LR1) Laminin receptor (Laminin-R/LN-R/LR) Laminin binding receptor (LAMBR/LBR) 67kD Laminin receptor (67kD LR/67LR) Colon carcinoma laminin binding protein Laminin receptor 1 Laminin receptor precursor (LRP); Precursor 37kD Laminin receptor precursor (37LRP) 37kD Laminin binding protein (37LBP) Immature Laminin receptor protein (iLRP): 32kD Laminin binding protein (LBP 32) 6 550044 Human cDNA for the 67LR was originally isolated from a malignant colon carcinoma (hence the protein is also known as the Colon Carcinoma Laminin Binding Protein; Yow et al, 1988. 85: 6394-6398) and is smaller than first anticipated. The cDNA predicted sequence encodes for a 29 5 amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 32kD.

However, it normally runs at 37-44kD on an SDS-PAGE gel, which may be due to the reduced electrophoretic mobility of an acidic protein (calculated pi 4.83). A small number (16) of hydrophobic amino acids are present towards the N-terminus (Castronovo, Taraboletti & Sobel, 1991. J.Biol. Chem. 266: 20440-20446) that may span the cell membrane. The 37kD protein and the 67kD protein were shown to be antigenically related 10 (Rao et al, 1989; Biochemistry 28: 7476-7486) while pulse chase experiments performed on melanoma cells indicated that the 37kD protein generated was chased into the 67kD product (Castronovo et al, 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177:177-183). These results suggested that there was a direct precursor-product relationship between the two proteins. Hence, the 37kD protein is referred to as the 37 kD laminin receptor 15 precursor (37LRP; Table 1). The pulse chase experiments did not reveal the presence of any intermediate forms between the precursor and the final 67LR (Castronovo et al, 1991), although a 501dD degradation product was detected. The 37kD polypeptide may have a multifunctional role in the cytoplasm and the membrane and may be the ligand binding component ofthe 67LR (Elias Campo et al. Am J pathol 1992, 141:No.5 1073-1083). In 20 cancer cells it has been shown that antibodies to the 67kD protein bind to both the cell surface and cytoplasm (Wever UM et al. Cancer Res 1987, 47:5691-5698).

It is not fully understood how the final receptor is made by cells to achieve the 67kD receptor, but acylation by the fatty acids palmitate, oleate and stearate may be involved (Landowski, Dratz, & Starkey, 1995. 34: 11276-87; Buto et al, 1998 J. Cell 25 Biochem. 69: 244-251). Extensive glycosylation is not involved. The predicted cDNA sequence does not contain a consensus sequence site for N-linked glycosylation and despite the presence of serine and threonine residues, there is no evidence of O-linked glycosyl groups (Castronovo et al, 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177:177-183; Landowski, Dratz,& Starkey, 1995. 34: 11276-87). However, Castronovo (Castronovo, 30 1993 Invasion Metastasis 13:1 -30) suggested that the 67LR expresses epitopes that cross-react with P-galactosidase-binding lectins. The 67LR may comprise of a dimer of the precursor polypeptide linked by lipids (Landowski, Dratz & Starkey, 1998). It has also been suggested that heterodimerisation may occur with a lectin-like protein or galectin-3 (Castronovo etal, 1991; Buto etal, 1998). Anti-galectin-3 antibodies recognised not only 550044 galectin-3 but also the 67LR (Buto et al, 1998). The final structure ofthe receptor remains to be elucidated.

The 67LR, when shed from the surface of cells in culture, retains its capacity to bind to laminin (Karpatova et al, 1996. J. Cell. Biochem. 60:226-503). It remains 5 uncertain how the 67LR is attached to the cell membrane. Although the receptor has 16 hydrophobic amino acids towards its' N-terminal end, it is possible that it interacts with associated molecules rather than existing as an integral membrane protein. However, it has been established that the ammo-terminal of the polypeptide is inaccessible in non-permeabilised cells suggesting that indeed this region interacts with other molecules 10 (Castronovo et al, 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 30 20440-20446; Wewer et al, 1987 Cancer Res. 47:5691-5698).

It has also been suggested that accessory factors may be associated with the 67LR, or that it acts as an accessoiy molecule itself. Such properties may assist in transport to the cell surface and/or laminin binding. It has been noted that co-expression of 67LR and otgPi 15 in small cell lung cancer cell lines directly correlated with cell adhesion to laminin (Pellergrine et al, 1994. Int J Cancer Suppl 8: 116-120). When human melanoma cells were treated with laminin both 67LR and a6Pi co-translocated to the plasma membrane (Romanov et al, 1994. Cell Adhes Commun. 2:201-209). 67LR associated with ocgPi mediated high-avidity adherence of a population of human memory T cells to laminin 20 (Clanfield and Khakoo, 1999. J. Immunol. 163:3430-3440). Ardini etal, 1997 noted that the 67LR and 0^4 not only co-localised but were co-regulated, via physical interactions between the 67LR and ag subunit (Ardini et al, 1997; J. Biol. Chem. 272:2342-2345). However, in ovarian carcinomas expression of 37LRP mRNA and protein is independent of the oi6 subunit (Givant-Horwitz, 2003 Clin. Exp. Metastasis 20:599-609; Skubitz et al, 25 1 996. Am J pathol 148:1445-1461). Together these results suggest that the 67LR may associate with laminin-specific integrins (in particular the subunit) in the cytoplasm, arriving at the cell membrane as a complex where both receptors participate in the recognition of laminin and determining whether the interaction is one of high or low affinity (Landowski, Dratz, Starkey, 1995).

The active human 37LRP gene maps to 3p21.3, a chromosomal locus that is frequently involved in genetic alterations associated with cancers (Jackers et al, 1996. Oncogene 13: 495-503). The active gene contains seven exons and six introns (Jackers et al 1996. Oncogene 13: 495-503; avian gene Clausse et al, 1996 DNA Cell Biol 15:1009- 8 550044 1023). It does not contain a classical TATA box but there may be multiple transcription start sites. There are four Spl sites present in the promoter region, six Spl sites in intron 1 and two Alu sequences in intron 3 that may affect alternative splicing. Intron 4 contains the sequence for the small nuclear RNA E2 (Jackers et al 1996. Oncogene 13: 495-503).

At least 26 copies of the gene are present in the human genome, all demonstrating high homology with the functional gene (Jackers etal, 1996. Biochem Biophys Acta. 1305:98-104). Nineteen of these copies were analysed and were shown to be processed pseudogenes giving rise to dysfunctional transcripts. It is thought that these pseudogenes have most probably been generated by retropositional events (Jackers et al, 1996. Biochem Biophys 10 Acta. 1305:98-104). The cDNA is highly conserved throughout evolution with at least 98.3% homology among mouse, bovine and human sequences while the rat and human sequences share 99% homology (For review see Menard et al, 1997. J Cell Biochem 67:155-165).

The 37LRP gene appears to give rise to a number of functional proteins other than 15 the 37LRP. The 37LRP protein shares 99% homology with the p40 ribosome-associated protein (p40 polypeptide; p40; ribosomal protein SA; RPSA) involved inthetranslational machinery (Makrides et al, 1988. Nucleic Acid Res. 16: 2349; Tohgo et al, 1994. FEBS Lett. 340: 133-138; Rosenthal & Wordeman 1995. J. Cell Sci. 108: 245-256). A positional marker in the development of the embryonic eye is also encoded for by a gene 20 identical to the 37LRP cDNA (Rabacchi et al, 1990. Development 109: 521-531; McCafferey, Neve and Drager, 1990. PNAS 87: 8570-8574).

The oncofetal antigen (OFA; 37-44kD) is an immunogenic glycoprotein expressed in rodent and human tumors and early foetuses. The murine 37LRP shares up to 99.5% identity with OFA (Coggin, Barsoum, Rohrer 1999. Anticancer Research 19:5535-5542). 25 It has been referred to as the auto-immunogenic homologue of 37LRP. OFA has been shown to stimulate T and B lymphocytes in both mice and humans, and play an immunogenic role in cancers, in particular in renal cancers (Zelle-Rieser et al, 2001. J. Urol. 165:1705-9; Holt et al, 2002. Clin. Cancer Res. 8:3369-3376; Rohrer et al, 1992; J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (Bethesda) 84: 602-609; Rohrer etal, 1994. J. Immunol. 155: 755-764; 30 Rohrer et al, 1995. J. Immunol. 155:5719-5727;Rohrer et al, 2001. Mod. Aspects Immunibiol. 1: 191-195; Rohrer et al, 1999. J. Immunol 162: 6880-6892).

There is some evidence to suggest that isoforms or homologues of the 37LRP and 67LR may exist. A 55kD protein has been identified in human and bovine endothelial cells sharing identity with 37LRP (Ireland et al, 1998. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 112:255-261), and a 550044 number of isoforms have been found in murine brain tissue (Simoneau et al, 2003. Biol. Chem. 384:243-246). These proteins may arise from the 37LRP being post-translationally modified in various ways and/or interacting with other molecules, or may arise from other highly homologous genes.

Over-expression and abnormal surface distribution of the 67LR has been demonstrated in a broad range of tumors, detected by various technologies at the mRNA and protein levels (For review see Menard et al 1998; Barsoum et al, 2000). Change in levels of 37LRP and/or 67LR have been shown to affect tumor biology in terms of disease progression, invasiveness, metastasis, aggressiveness and prognosis.

The over-expression of the 67LR has been associated with the receptor playing a role in tumor progression, although the stage of progression may be dependent on the tumor type (Campo et al, 1992. Am JPathol41:1073-83;Demeteretal, 1992 Cancer Res. 52:1561-1567; Martignone et al, 1992. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 10:379-386: breast cancer; Vassoetal, 1993;Cancer 15: 455-461:melanoma;Boukercheetal,2004. Gene343:191- 201:melanoma; Waltregnyetal 1997. J.Natl.CanerInst89:1224-1227). Anincreasein 37LRP mRNA in frozen colorectal tissues could be seen in adenocarcinomas compared with adenomas, whereas levels were constant between normal and adenoma tissues. These results suggest that expression of 37LRP or 67LR correlated with a late event in disease progression from adenoma to adenocarcinoma/Dukes C carcinoma (Campo et al, 1992.

Am J Pathol 41:1073-83.). In contrast, 37LRP mRNA increased in adenomatous cervical lesions suggesting an early event in disease progression (Demeter et al, 1992 Cancer Res. 52:1561-1567). 67LR has also been implicated as a lineage-associated antigen in monocytic acute myeloid leukaemia (AML; Montouri et al, 1999. Clin. Cancer Res. 5:1465-1472).

Other studies have shown that the 67LR may play a role in invasiveness and metastasis, implying that it plays a significant role in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype in various types of tumors (Wewer et al, 1987. Cancer Res 47: 5691-8; Castronovo & Sobel 1990. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 68: 111 0-1117; Cioce et al, 1991. J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 29-36; Sobel, 1993 Semin. Cancer Biol. 4: 311-317; Castronovo Invasion Metastasis 1993 13:1-30; You et al, 1988. PNAS 85:6394-6398; Pelosi et al, 1997. J. Pathol. 183:62-69; Boukerche etal, 2004. Gene 343:191-201). For example, levels of mRNA have been shown to increase in human colon cell lines and tissues with greater malignant potential (Kondah et al, 1992. Cancer Res 52: 791-796). Inhibition of metastasis of a human fibrosarcoma cell line occurred when cells were pre- 550044 treated with an IgG fraction (P4G) of sera from rabbits immunised with a 37LRP-GST fusion protein (345bp cDNA; 13kD; Narumi et al, 1999. Jpn J. Cancer Res. 90:425-431). The sera also reduced cell attachment to laminin in a dose-dependent manner. Antisense RNA of 37LRP also inhibited invasiveness of a poorly differentiated human colon 5 carcinoma cell line in vitro (Mafune and Ravikumar, 1992. J. Surg. Res. 52:340-346).

The increase in 67LR expression during metastasis is often paralleled by the decrease in expression of another non-integrin laminin binding protein, galectin-3 (van den Brule etal, 1994.Eur. J. Cancer 32A: 1598-1602; Xu etal, 1995. Am. J.Pathol. 147:815-822; Castronovo et al, 1995. J. Pathol. 179:43-48; Lotz et al, 1993. PNAS 90: 3466-10 3470). These results suggest that these two laminin receptors are inversely regulated and this may account for changes in laminin-binding affinity depending on which receptor is being used. In contrast, a direct correlation between increased expression of galectin-3 and the malignancy of colon carcinomas has been observed (Schoeppner. et al, 1995 Cancer 75:2818-2826). 67LR expression may also be a marker for aggressiveness of a tumor since increased expression tends to be associated with proliferation and marked tumor growth. Increased levels of 37LRP mRNA were detected in human lung cancer tissues (Satoh et al, 1992. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 182: 746-752) and pancreatic endocrine tumors (Pelosi et al, 1997. J. Pathol. 183: 62-69) that were rapidly proliferating. In cervical 20 neoplasms associated with human papillomavirus, increased levels of 37LRP mRNA were correlated with proliferative properties of the cells rather than with the invasive properties ofthe cells (Demeter et al, 1992). Introduction of antisense 37LRP RNA into murine lung cancer cell line Til prolonged their doubling time (Satoh et al, 1999. Br. J. Cancer 80:1115-1122). These cells also displayed weaker interactions with laminin and survival 25 time in mice subcutaneously inoculated with cells treated with antisense RNA was prolonged. The 67LR may also play a role in tumour aggressivenss since it may enhance proteolytic cleavage of laminin-1, therefore assisting in the degradation rate of the basement membrane (Ardini et al, 2002. Cancer Res. 62: 1321-1325).

Over-expression of the 37LRP and/or 67LR may also be associated with poor J prognosis in several types of tumors (for review see Barsoum Rohrer and Coggin 2000. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 5:207-230; Menard et al, 1998 J. Cell. Biochem. 67:155-165; Menard, Tagliabue and Colnaghi, 1998. Breast Cancer Res. Treatment 52:137-145). Prognosis is unfavourable in breast carcinomas that are also producing laminin (Martigone et al 1993. J Natl. Cancer Inst. 85: 379-386; Pellegrini et al, 1985 Breast Cancer Res Treat 35: 195- 550044 199). In human lymphomas, 67LR was detectable on the surface of CD3 0+ anaplastic large cell lymphomas and in small subsets of high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphomas (Carbone et al, 1995. Hum. Pathol. 2: 541-546).

Recently, the 67LR has been implicated in biological processes other than tumor 5 biology. The receptor was found to be up-regulated by cytokines, inflammatory reagents, interactions with extracellular matrix proteins including laminin and steroids (for review see Menard et al, 1998), suggesting that the 37LRP and 67LR may be regulated under normal conditions. The receptor may play a role in lymphocyte chemotaxis, adhesion and homing and/or in host defence mechanisms. The 67LR has been found on the surface of a 10 population (10-15%) of human activated memory peripheral blood T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+ single positives). It has also been shown to be up-regulated in response to neuropeptides (Chen et al, 2002 Nat. Med. 8:1421-1426). A study by Ferrarini et al, 1996 supports an immunological role for the receptor since j'5' lymphocytes localised in lung tumor sites were capable of killing lung cancer cells, mediated by interactions with 67LR 15 (Ferrarini et al, 1996. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 88:436-441). The killing was shown to be independent of natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated (LAK) cells and the T cell receptor (TCR) whereas laminin could provide a co-stimulatory signal.

The 67LR may also affect the growth, migration and trafficking of other cell types. 67LR interacts with the a (aGMR) and p (pGMR) subunits of the GM-CSF receptor 20 (Chen et al, 2003. PNAS 100: 14000-14005) and inhibits the formation of the GM-CSF receptor complex. GM-CSF regulates the growth, differentiation and maturation of myeloid precursor cells and enhances the function of mature neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear phagocytes. 67LR may inhibit these activities by preventing GM-CSF complex formation. Secretory and endocytic roles for the 67LR have also been implied 25 since it has been found in the brush border and in Paneth cell secretory granules (Shmakov et al, 2000. J. Pathol. 191:318-322).

The precise way in which 67LR interacts with laminin remains undefined. Two peptide domains have been identified from the 67LR as possible laminin binding sites.

One of these, Peptide G, a synthetic peptide derived from the sequence of 37LRP, contains the palindromic sequence LMWWML. It was shown to bind laminin, to inhibit binding of tumor cells to endothelial cells, and to increase the metastases of human melanoma cells in nude mice (Castronovo et al, 1991 J Biol. Chem. 266:20440-20446; Castronovo, Taraboletti and Sobel 1991. Cancer Res. 51: 5672-5678; Taraboletti etal, 1993. J.Natl.

Cancer. Inst. 85: 235-240). It was discovered that peptide G increases and stabilises the 12 550044 binding of laminin on tumor cells (Magnifico et al, 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 31179-31184). The second possible laminin binding domain was predicted from the hydrophobicity of the C-terminal sequence of the 37LRP (a.a.205-229; Landowski, Uthayakumar, Starkey, 1995. Clin. Exp. Metastasis 13: 357-372). It is also possible a 5 lectin domain of the 67LR interacts with laminin since laminin recognition of the receptor is dependent on lactose (Castronovo et al, 1991. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177:177-183).

The 67LR may bind to laminin residues YIGSR (a.a. 929-933; pi chain; Massi, Rao and Hubbell, 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:8063-8059; Landowski, Uthayakumar, 10 Starkey, 1995. 13: 357-72), IKVAV(a.a. 2091-2108; a chain; Kibbey etal, 1993. PNAS 90:10150-10153) andLGTIPG(a.a. 442-446; (31 chain; Mechametal 1989 J. Biol.Chem. 264:16652-16657). The 67LR may also bind to the carbohydrate components of laminin, in particular poly(lactosamino) structures, Gal(al,3)GaI linkages and terminal non-reducing P-galactosyl residues (Mecham, 1991 Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol. 7:71-91). Binding 15 to the residues YIGSR inhibits metastasis (Iwamoto et al, 1996. Br. J. Cancer 73:589-595), while metastasis is stimulated by IKVAV interactions (Bresalier et al, 1995. Cancer Res. 55:2476-2480). Since the discovery of the first laminin receptor, 67LR, in 1983 at least 14 other laminin receptors have been described (Mecham 1991) and may utilise the same binding sites on laminin.

The 67LR also interacts with other molecules in addition to laminin. These include elastin (Grosso et al, 1991. Biochemistry 30: 3346-3350), fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Narasimhan et al, 1994. PNAS 91:7440-7444; Iwabuchi et al, 1996 Blood 87: 365-372) and heparin (Guo et al, 1992. PNAS 89: 3040-3044). Other studies have also shown that the 67LR serves as a receptor for sindbis virus (Wang et al, 1992 J. Virol. 25 66:4992-5001), while the 37LRP allows uptake of prion proteins (Rieger et al, 1997. Nat. Med. 3:1383-1387).

Liver Cancer The most common primary malignant tumor ofthe liver is hepatoceullar carcinoma (HCC). The incidence of HCC is increased in populations who are at high risk for Hepatitis B and C. Patients already suffering from chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, and the two congenital hepatic disorders, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and tyrosinema, are also at higher risk of developing HCC. Certain toxins and chemicals may also cause primary liver cancer, including aflatoxin, a product from mould found in improperly stored peanuts in Africa. If HCC is successfully removed by resection, 13 550044 recurrence and metastasis are likely. A number of studies have revealed various prognostic markers for primary liver cancer and metastatic recurrence (For review see Qin and Tang, 2004. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130: 497-513).

The association of liver diseases with HCC suggests architectural changes may 5 increase the chance of developing primary liver cancer. Under normal conditions hepatocytes are characterised by the absence of a basement membrane (Schaffner and Popper 1963 Gastroenterology 44:230-242). Extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin, can be produced as cirrhosis develops and are deposited around sinusoids, forming a structured basement membrane. Laminin 5 was found to be present in primaiy HCC 10 nodules but not in normal or peri-tumoral cirrhotic tissues (Giannelli et al, 2003. Clin. Can. Research. 9:3684-3691). Laminin has also been shown to induce the expression of cytokeratin 19 suggesting that laminin deposits cause abnormal expression of other proteins (Su et al, 2003. World J Gastroenterol: 921 -929). It may be that the expression of laminin increases expression of any of its receptors.

The 67LR was found to be expressed in hepatocytes in 1990 (Clement et al, 1990.

J. Cell Biol. 110:185-192), although it was not the only laminin receptor present. An increase in the number of 67LR positive cells was observed in neoplastic regions compared to adjacent parenchyma in liver samples taken from patients with HCC and cirrhosis (Grigioni et al (1991, Am J Pathol 138:647-654). Another study (Ozaki et al, 1998. Gut 20 43: 837-842) detected weak 37LRP mRNA expression in normal liver tissues. mRNA levels increased in non-cancerous liver tissue with chronic liver disease and were elevated further in tumor regions. 37LRP translation and expressed protein were not determined in this study (Ozaki et al, 1998. Gut 43: 837-842). Increased biosynthesis ofthe 67LR was observed in the metastatic HCC tissues with a direct correlation between increases in RNA 25 and protein (Zheng etal, 1997. J Tongji Medical University. 17:200-202). L-02 normal hepatic cells and the cancer cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 showed varied patterns of 37LRP mRNA and 67LR expression that did not correlate with the tumor state of the cell line (Zheng et al, 2002. Chinese J Cancer 22:248-252). However, the carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 may express higher laminin binding affinity than the other cell lines although 30 this cannot be attributed to the 67LR alone since whole cells were used for the binding studies. However, a proteomics study revealed that 67LR is up-regulated in the highly metastatic cell line MHCC97-H, compared to the low metastatic counterpart MHCC97-L (Li et al, 2001. World J Gastroenterol 7: 630-636; Ding et al, 2004. Proteomics 4; 982-994). Whether 67LR plays a direct role in HCC metastasis remains to be determined. 550044 PRIOR PATENTS U.S. Patent No. 5,750,102 discloses a process wherein cells from a patient's tumor are transfected with MHC genes which may be cloned from cells or tissue from the patient. These transfected cells are then used to vaccinate the patient.

U.S. Patent No. 4,861,581 discloses a process comprising the steps of obtaining monoclonal antibodies that are specific to an internal cellular component of neoplastic and normal cells of the mammal but not to external components, labeling the monoclonal antibody, contacting the labeled antibody with tissue of a mammal that has received therapy to kill neoplastic cells, and determining the effectiveness of therapy by measuring 1 o the binding of the labeled antibody to the internal cellular component of the degenerating neoplastic cells. In preparing antibodies directed to human intracellular antigens, the patentee recognizes that malignant cells represent a convenient source of such antigens.

U.S. Patent No. 5,171,665 provides a novel antibody and method for its production.

Specifically, the patent teaches formation of a monoclonal antibody which has the property 15 of binding strongly to a protein antigen associated with human tumors, e.g. those of the colon and lung, while binding to normal cells to a much lesser degree.

U.S. Patent No. 5,484,596 provides a method of cancer therapy comprising surgically removing tumor tissue from a human cancer patient, treating the tumor tissue to obtain tumor cells, irradiating the tumor cells to be viable but non-tumorigenic, and using 20 these cells to prepare a vaccine for the patient capable of inhibiting recurrence of the primary tumor while simultaneously inhibiting metastases. The patent teaches the development of monoclonal antibodies which are reactive with surface antigens of tumor cells. As set forth at col. 4, lines 45 et seq., the patentees utilize autochthonous tumor cells in the development of monoclonal antibodies expressing active specific immunotherapy in 25 human neoplasia.

U.S. Patent No. 5,693,763 teaches a glycoprotein antigen characteristic of human carcinomas is not dependent upon the epithelial tissue of origin.

U.S. Patent No. 5,783,186 is drawn to anti-Her2 antibodies which induce apoptosis in Her2 expressing cells, hybridoma cell lines producing the antibodies, methods of 30 treating cancer using the antibodies and pharmaceutical compositions including said antibodies.

U.S. Patent No. 5,849,876 describes new hybridoma cell lines for the production of monoclonal antibodies to mucin antigens purified from tumor and non-tumor tissue sources. 550044 U.S. Patent No. 5,869,26 8 is drawn to a method for generating a human lymphocyte producing an antibody specific to a desired antigen, a method for producing a monoclonal antibody, as well as monoclonal antibodies produced by the method. The patent is particularly drawn to the production of an anti-HD human monoclonal antibody useful for 5 the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

U.S. Patent No. 5,869,045 relates to antibodies, antibody fragments, antibody conjugates and single chain immunotoxins reactive with human carcinoma cells. The mechanism by which these antibodies function is two-fold, in that the molecules are reactive with cell membrane antigens present on the surface of human carcinomas, and 10 further in that the antibodies have the ability to internalize within the carcinoma cells, subsequent to binding, making them especially useful for forming antibody-drug and antibody-toxin conjugates. In their unmodified form the antibodies also manifest cytotoxic properties at specific concentrations.

U.S.PatentNo. 5,780,033 discloses the use of autoantibodies for tumor therapy and 15 prophylaxis. However, this antibody is an anti-nuclear autoantibody from an aged mammal. In this case, the autoantibody is said to be one type of natural antibody found in the immune system. Because the autoantibody comes from "an aged mammal", there is no requirement that the autoantibody actually comes from the patient being treated. In addition the patent discloses natural and monoclonal anti-nuclear autoantibody from an 20 aged mammal, and a hybridoma cell line producing a monoclonal anti-nuclear autoantibody.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The instant inventors have previously been awarded U.S. Patent 6,180,357, entitled "Individualized Patient Specific Anti-Cancer Antibodies" directed to a process for 25 selecting individually customized anti-cancer antibodies which are useful in treating a cancerous disease. For the purpose of this document, the terms "antibody" and "monoclonal antibody" (mAb) may be used interchangeably and refer to intact immunoglobulins produced by hybridomas (e.g. murine or human), immunoconjugates and, as appropriate, immunoglobulin fragments and recombinant proteins derived from 30 immunoglobulins, such as chimeric and humanized immunoglobulins, F(ab') and F(ab')2 fragments, single-chain antibodies, recombinant immunoglobulin variable regions (Fv)s, fusion proteins etc. For the purpose of this document, the term "tissue sample" is understood to mean at least one cell or an aggregate of cells obtained from a mammal. It 16 550044 is well recognized in the art that some amino acid sequence can be varied in a polypeptide without significant effect on the structure or function of the protein. In the molecular rearrangement of antibodies, modifications in the nucleic or amino acid sequence of the backbone region can generally be tolerated. These include, but are not limited to, 5 substitutions (preferred are conservative substitutions), deletions or additions. Furthermore, it is within the purview of this invention to conjugate standard chemotherapeutic modalities, e.g. radionuclides, with the CDMAB of the instant invention, thereby focusing the use of said chemotherapeutics. The CDMAB can also be conjugated to toxins, cytotoxic moieties, enzymes e.g. biotin conjugated enzymes, or hematogenous cells, 10 thereby forming antibody conjugates. Such conjugated moieties are illustrated herein as conjugated to the monoclonal antibody derived from the hybridoma cell line designated 6BD-25; similar antibody conjugates could be formed utilizing the monoclonal antibody derived from the hybridoma cell line designated 5LAC-23.

The use of tumor-associated monoclonal antibodies as carriers for cytotoxic agents 15 has received considerable attention in the past several years. The obj ective of much of this work has been to improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs while diminishing the undesired and often times toxic side-effects of the conjugated drug or toxin.

In order for this approach to be effective, it is necessary that the antibody be highly tumor selective and that the drug be delivered in an active, cytotoxic form. Cytotoxic 20 drugs such as METHOTREXATE, DAUNOMYCIN MITOMYCIN C (MMC) and VINCA have been attached to antibodies and the derived conjugates have been investigated for anti-tumor activities. In addition, biologicals such as Pseudomonas Exotoxin and newer toxins such as Calicheamicin and Auristatins have been employed to enhance the efficacy of anti-CD3 3 and anti-CD3 0 antibodies, respectively. Many examples exist in the art which 25 illustrate linkage of antibodies to drugs by means of relatively stable chemical bonds which undergo slow non-specific release. Radionuclides such as Iodine131, Yttrium90, or Indium111 can also be conjugated to the antibody for the purposes of tumor destruction or for diagnostic imaging. Irrespective of the approach, a primary goal is to destroy the tumor: the specific approach can be determined by the particular anti-3 7LR antibody which 30 is utilized so that the available approaches to targeting the cells expressing the 37LR antigen can vary considerably.

This application utilizes the method for producing patient specific anti-cancer antibodies as taught in the '357 patent for isolating hybridoma cell lines which encode for cancerous disease modifying monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies can be made 17 550044 specifically for one tumor and thus make possible the customization of cancer therapy. Within the context of this application, anti-cancer antibodies having either cell-killing (cytotoxic) or cell-growth inhibiting (cytostatic) properties will hereafter be referred to as cytotoxic. These antibodies can be used in aid of staging and diagnosis of a cancer, and 5 can be used to treat tumor metastases.

The prospect of individualized anti-cancer treatment will bring about a change in the way a patient is managed. A likely clinical scenario is that a tumor sample is obtained at the time of presentation, and banked. From this sample, the tumor can be typed from a panel of pre-existing cancerous disease modifying antibodies. The patient will be 10 conventionally staged but the available antibodies can be of use in further staging the patient. The patient can be treated immediately with the existing antibodies and/or a panel of antibodies specific to the tumor can be produced either using the methods outlined herein or through the use of phage display libraries in conjunction with the screening methods herein disclosed. All the antibodies generated will be added to the library of anti-15 cancer antibodies since there is a possibility that other tumors can bear some of the same epitopes as the one that is being treated. The antibodies produced according to this method may be useful to treat cancerous disease in any number of patients who have cancers that bind to these antibodies.

Using substantially the process of US 6,180,370 and as outlined in US 6,657,048, 20 the mouse monoclonal antibodies 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 were obtained following immunization of mice with cells from a patient's breast and lung tumor biopsy respectively. The 6BD-25 antigen was initially not detected on a variety of human normal and cancer cell lines by cell ELISA/FACS. After increasing the sensitivity of the assay through conjugation of the 6BD-25 antibodies to biotin, the antigen was detected on the 25 breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and the ovarian cancer cell lines C-13, OVCA-429 and OV2008. The breast cancer cell line Hs574.T was susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of unpurified 6BD-25. The breast cancer cell line MCF-7, the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 and the colon cancer cell line SW1116 were the only 3 cancer cell lines tested that were susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of purified 6BD-25. Through the use of 30 FACS analysis, the antigen for 5LAC-23 was detected on the SW620 colon cancer cell line and not on any of the other cell lines tested. The breast (Hs574.T), lung (NCI-H661) and skin (A2058) cancer cell line were susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of unpurified 5LAC-23. The ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 was the only cancer cell line tested that was susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of purified 5LAC-23. 18 550044 The result of 6BD-25 cytotoxicity against OVCAR-3 and SW1116 cells in culture was further extended by its anti-tumor activity towards these cells when transplanted into mice. In an in vivo model of colon cancer, the human SW1116 cells were implanted subcutaneously at the scruff of the neck while for an in vivo model of ovarian cancer, the 5 human OVCAR-3 cells were implanted intraperitoneally. For both models, immunodeficient mice were used as they are incapable of rejecting the human tumor cells due to a lack of certain immune cells. Pre-clinical xenograft tumor models are considered valid predictors of therapeutic efficacy. Xenografts in mice grow as solid tumors developing stroma, central necrosis and neo-vasculature. The tumor cell lines OVCAR-3 10 and S W1116 have been evaluated as an in vivo xenograft model in immunodeficient mice. The good engraftment or 'take-rate' of the OVCAR-3 and SW1116 tumors and the sensitivity of the tumors to standard chemotherapeutic agents have characterized them as suitable models. The parental cell line and variants of the cell line have been used in xenograft tumor models to evaluate a wide range of therapeutic agents. 15 In the preventative in vivo model of human colon cancer, 6BD-25 was given to mice one day prior to implantation of tumor cells followed by weekly injections for a period of 7 weeks. 6BD-25 treatment was significantly (p=0.001) more effective in suppressing tumor growth during the treatment period than buffer control. At the end of the treatment phase, mice given 6BD-25 had tumors that grew to only 54 percent of the 20 control group. During the post treatment follow-up period, the treatment effects of 6BD-25 were sustained and the mean tumor volume in the treated groups continued to be significantly smaller than controls until the end of the measurement phase (p=0.002). 6BD-25 treatment appeared safe, as it did not induce any signs of toxicity, including reduced body weight or other signs of clinical distress. Thus, 6BD-25 treatment was efficacious as 25 it delayed tumor growth compared to the control-treated group in a well-established model of human colon cancer.

Besides the preventative in vivo tumor model of colon cancer, 6BD-25 demonstrated anti-tumor activity against OVCAR-3 cells in a preventative ovarian in vivo tumor model. In this xenograft tumor model, OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells were 30 transplanted intraperitoenally into immunodeficient mice with treatment commencing the day after implantation for a total of 10 doses. Treatment with 6BD-25 was compared to a buffer control. Body weight was used as a surrogate measure of tumor progression. Increased body weight is indicative of tumor burden since the weight gain is caused by ascites formation. At day 80 post-implantation (16 days after the end of treatment), the 19 550044 mice in the treatment group had body weights significantly less than the control group (p=0.002). There was also a significant survival benefit with treatment of 6BD-25 versus the buffer control (p<0.02). Again, 6BD-25 treatment appeared safe, as it did not induce any signs of toxicity or clinical distress. The anti-tumor activity of 6BD-25 and its 5 apparent lack of toxicity make it an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic agent.

If a patient is refractory to the initial course of therapy or metastases develop, the process of generating specific antibodies to the tumor can be repeated for re-treatment. Furthermore, the anti-cancer antibodies can be conjugated to red blood cells obtained from that patient and re-infused for treatment of metastases. There have been few effective 10 treatments for metastatic cancer and metastases usually portend apoor outcome resulting in death. However, metastatic cancers are usually well vascularized and the delivery of anticancer antibodies by red blood cells can have the effect of concentrating the antibodies at the site of the tumor. Even prior to metastases, most cancer cells are dependent on the host's blood supply for their survival and anti-cancer antibodies conjugated to red blood 15 cells can be effective against in situ tumors as well. Alternatively, the antibodies may be conjugated to other hematogenous cells, e.g. lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, natural killer cells, etc.

There are five classes of antibodies and each is associated with a function that is conferred by its heavy chain. It is generally thought that cancer cell killing by naked 20 antibodies are mediated either through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). For example murine IgM and IgG2a antibodies can activate human complement by binding the C-l component of the complement system thereby activating the classical pathway of complement activation which can lead to tumor lysis. For human antibodies, the most effective complement-25 activating antibodies are generally IgM and IgGl. Murine antibodies of the IgG2a and IgG3 isotype are effective at recruiting cytotoxic cells that have Fc receptors which will lead to cell killing by monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and certain lymphocytes. Human antibodies of both the IgGl and IgG3 isotype mediate ADCC.

Another possible mechanism of antibody-mediated cancer killing may be through 30 the use of antibodies that function to catalyze the hydrolysis of various chemical bonds in the cell membrane and its associated glycoproteins or glycolipids, so-called catalytic antibodies.

There are two additional mechanisms of antibody-mediated cancer cell killing which are more widely accepted. The first is the use of antibodies as a vaccine to induce 550044 the body to produce an immune response against the putative antigen that resides on the cancer cell. The second is the use of antibodies to target growth receptors and interfere with their function or to down regulate that receptor so that its function is effectively lost.

The discovery of new drugs to treat disease is hindered by the lack of identification 5 of relevant targets, among the products of 30,000 known genes, that unambiguously contribute to disease pathogenesis. In oncology research, potential drug targets are often selected simply due to the fact that they are over-expressed in tumor cells. Targets thus identified are then screened for interaction with a multitude of compounds. In the case of potential antibody therapies, these candidate compounds are usually derived from 10 traditional methods of monoclonal antibody generation according to the fundamental principles laid down by Kohler and Milstein (1975, Nature, 256, 495-497, Kohler and Milstein), Spleen cells are collected from mice immunized with antigen (e.g. whole cells, cell fractions, purified antigen) and fused with immortalized hybridoma partners. The resulting hybridomas are screened and selected for secretion of antibodies which bind most 15 avidly to the target. Many therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies directed against cancer cells, including HERCEPTIN and RITUXIMAB, have been produced using these methods and selected on the basis of their affinity and specificity of the targets. Development of antigen-specific reagents with cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, that bind cells expressing the recognized antigen(s) and which by themselves, or associated with other molecules 20 such as toxins, drugs, or radio-isotopes, have cellular and in vivo physiological activity such that these reagents inhibit tumor cell growth, progression and metastasis, without significant deleterious effects on normal cell populations, would be extremely beneficial as a potential therapeutic and or diagnostic tool.

In order to validate the 5LAC-23 epitope as a cancer-associated target, the 25 expression of 5LAC-23 antigen in frozen normal human tissues was determined. By immunohistochemistry the 5LAC-23 antigen was shown to have restricted expression in normal tissues. This was confirmed by examining the expression of the 5LAC-23 antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal organs in tissue array slides. In all, there is weak staining by 5LAC-23 of normal tissues, indicating restricted and reduced expression 30 of the antigen in normal liver, stomach, brain and kidney tissues compared to cancers such as HCC (see below). Such expression was also sometimes confined to the cytoplasm, which is generally inaccessible to intact antibodies, in vivo. In the same tissue array the expression of the 5LAC-23 antigen was prominent in HCC although there was also expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. 21 550044 A more extensive study of the target in HCC was carried out to examine the prevalence of the 5LAC-23 antigen in this cancer by immunohistochemistry. Surprisingly, 73% of 55 samples of liver cancer expressed this target. In order to demonstrate utility as a target for diagnostics, theranostics, prognostics or therapeutics, a comparison of the 5 distribution of the target in matched normal livers and liver cancer was carried out. Clearly, 5LAC-23 stained only the tumor sample and was specific to the central region that represents the malignant tissue in these sections. The sections were negative when stained with the isotype control, indicating that the binding of 5LAC-23 was specific and lending support for the cancer specificity of the 5LAC-23 antigen. Further, it has also been shown 10 that the 5LAC-23 antigen can be detected with a variety of assays, some non-limiting embodiments of which are included by the way of example, such as through Western blotting, FACS analysis, and immunohistochemisty. Other assays that will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are within the purview of this invention include: ELISA, imraunocytochemistry, immunoaffinity based assays such as SELDI mass spectroscopy, 15 surface plasmon resonance determinations, radioimmunoassay and molecular diagnostic assays. As outlined herein, additional biochemical data also indicate that the antigen recognized by 5LAC-23 is an epitope of 37LRP. This was supported by identifying the 5LAC-23 antigen with two-dimensional electrophoresis and Western blotting, and mass spectroscopy. The identification of the target antigen was confirmed by demonstrating co-20 localization of the target with antibodies known to bind to 37LRP such as H-150 in both western blots as well as immunohistochemistry studies of tissues and cells that are known to express 37LRP or transfected with cDNA for 37LRP. Importantly, 5LAC-23 demonstrated a unique binding pattern compared to the other anti-37LRP antibody, H-150. This suggests that the epitopes recognized by the two antibodies are different, with 5LAC-25 23 demonstrating more restricted binding. Furthermore, in Example 12 H-150 detects the 37LRP in all of cell lines but the expression of the antigenic epitope recognized by 5LAC-23 varied across the different cell lysates and in some was not present. This difference between antibodies was not due to lower affinity of 5LAC-23 for its antigen compared to H-150 since the binding of both antibodies to the CHO cell lysates was similar. In support 30 ofthe difference in epitopes detected by 5LAC-23 andH-150, 5LAC-23 detected a unique smear of approximately llOkD in the LS174T lysates under non-reducing conditions (Figure 16B, Lane 12). This smear disappeared under reducing conditions without an increase in the band corresponding to 37LRP precursor. These results present further evidence that the epitope recognized by 5LAC-23 on 37LRP is unique, compared to the 550044 known anti-LRP antibody H-150. These IHC and biochemical results demonstrate that 5LAC-23 is directed against an unique 37LRP antigenic epitope.

The clinical utility of a cancer drug is based on the benefit of the drug under an acceptable risk profile to the patient. In cancer therapy survival has generally been the most 5 sought after benefit, however there are a number of other well-recognized benefits in addition to prolonging life. These other benefits, where treatment does not adversely affect survival, include symptom palliation, protection against adverse events, prolongation in time to recurrence or disease-free survival, and prolongation in time to progression. These criteria are generally accepted and regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug 10 Administration (F.D.A.) approve drugs that produce these benefits (Hirschfeld et al. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematolgy 42:137-143 2002). In addition to these criteria it is well recognized that there are other endpoints that may presage these types of benefits. In part, the accelerated approval process granted by the U.S. F.D.A. acknowledges that there are surrogates that will likely predict patient benefit. As of year-end (2003), there have 15 been sixteen drugs approved under this process, and of these, four have gone on to full approval, i.e., follow-up studies have demonstrated direct patient benefit as predicted by surrogate endpoints. One important endpoint for determining drug effects in solid tumors is the assessment of tumor burden by measuring response to treatment (Therasse et al. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 92(3):205-216 2000). The clinical criteria (RECIST 20 criteria) for such evaluation have been promulgated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Working Group, a group of international experts in cancer. Drugs with a demonstrated effect on tumor burden, as shown by objective responses according to RECIST criteria, in comparison to the appropriate control group tend to, ultimately, produce direct patient benefit. In the pre-clinical setting tumor burden is generally more 25 straightforward to assess and document. In that pre-clinical studies can be translated to the clinical setting, drugs that produce prolonged survival in pre-clinical models have the greatest anticipated clinical utility. Analogous to producing positive responses to clinical treatment, drugs that reduce tumor burden in the pre-clinical setting may also have significant direct impact on the disease. Although prolongation of survival is the most 30 sought after clinical outcome from cancer drug treatment, there are other benefits that have clinical utility and it is clear that tumor burden reduction, which may correlate to a delay in disease progression, extended survival or both, can also lead to direct benefits and have clinical impact (Eckhardt et al. Developmental Therapeutics: Successes and Failures of Clinical Trial Designs of Targeted Compounds; ASCO Educational Book, 39th Annual 550044 Meeting, 2003, pages 209-219).

In all, this invention teaches the use of the 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 antigens as targets for therapeutic agents. It demonstrates that when administered, 6BD-25 can reduce the tumor burden in a mammal with a cancer expressing the antigen, and can also lead to 5 prolonged survival of the treated mammal. The efficacy of 6BD-25 treatment in vivo and the concomitant undetectable or low level of antigen expression on the SW1116 and OVCAR-3 cells respectively, illustrates that the level of antigen expression does not necessarily correlate with in vivo efficacy. Furthermore, this invention also teaches that detecting the 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 antigen in cancerous cells can be useful for the 10 diagnosis, prediction of therapy, and prognosis of mammals bearing tumors that express this antigen. It further demonstrates the use of the 5LAC-23 antigen as a target for diagnostics, theranostics, prognostics or therapeutics.

Accordingly, it is an objective of the invention to utilize a method for producing cancerous disease modifying antibodies from cells derived from a particular individual 15 which are cytotoxic with respect to cancer cells while simultaneously being relatively nontoxic to non-cancerous cells, in order to isolate hybridoma cell lines and the corresponding isolated monoclonal antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof for which said hybridoma cell lines are encoded.

It is a further objective of the invention to identify Laminin Receptor 1 Precursor 20 Protein (designated 37LRP) by way of binding of a particular epitope of 37LRP with an isolated monoclonal antibody, designated 5LAC-23, or a fragment thereof defined as an antigenic fragment which binds to said particular epitope, which isolated monoclonal antibody was produced by a method for producing cancerous disease modifying antibodies from cells derived from a particular individual which are cytotoxic with respect to cancer 25 cells while simultaneously being relatively non-toxic to non-cancerous cells.

It is a further objective of this invention to provide a conjugated moiety capable of binding with a particular epitope of 37LRP recognized by 5LAC-23, and herein referred to as a drug-antibody conjugate, wherein the antibody is 5LAC-23 or a fragment thereof which binds to said particular epitope, and the conjugate can be a radionuclide, or an active 30 antitumor drug in the form of a biological or chemical toxin, or a compound having equivalent antitumor activity including but not limited to chemotherapeutic drugs.

It is another objective of this invention to teach a method for delivering the active antitumor drug, enzyme or radionuclide effective as an antitumor drug or as an aid in methods of diagnostic imaging to the site of tumor cells in a mammal comprising 24 550044 administering to the mammal the conjugated moiety in accordance with the instant invention, whereby selective binding of the conjugated moiety and antigenic epitope occurs.

It is still an additional objective of the invention to teach a method for determining the presence of cancerous cells by any means for evidencing selective binding of the 5LAC-23 antibody with the 37LRP precursor protein at a level sufficient to indicate the presence of malignancy.

A still further objective of the instant invention is to teach a method for diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, imaging and monitoring of cancerous or precancerous cells utilizing a method which relies upon the binding of 5LAC-23, an antigenic binding fragment (as hereinbefore defined) or a conjugate moiety (as hereinbefore defined) with a particular antigenic moiety of 37LRP.

It is an additional objective of the invention to teach CDMAB and antigen binding fragments thereof.

It is a further objective of the instant invention to produce CDMAB whose cytotoxicity is mediated through ADCC.

It is yet an additional objective of the instant invention to produce CDMAB whose cytotoxicity is mediated through CDC.

It is still a further objective of the instant invention to produce CDMAB whose cytotoxicity is a function of their ability to catalyze hydrolysis of cellular chemical bonds.

A still further objective of the instant invention is to produce CDMAB which are useful in a binding assay for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer.

In a particular embodiment, the invention provides the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, and antigen binding fragments thereof.

The invention also provides the isolated clone deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690.

The invention further provides a binding assay to determine presence of cancerous cells in a tissue sample selected from a human tumor comprising: contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690 or antigen binding (followed by page 25A) 'NTE'oFRCEAOF>ERTY 2 4 AUG 2009 RECEIVED 550044 fragment thereof; or an antibody conjugate thereof with a tissue sample from said human tumor; and determining binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or antibody conjugate thereof with said tissue sample; whereby the presence of said cancerous cells in said tissue sample is indicated.

The present invention also provides a process of isolating or screening for cancerous cells in a tissue sample selected from a human tumor comprising: contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690 or antigen binding fragment thereof; or an antibody conjugate thereof with a tissue sample from said human tumor; and determining binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or antibody conjugate thereof with said tissue sample; whereby said cancerous cells are isolated by said binding and their presence in said tissue sample is confirmed.

The present invention also provides a process for identifying Laminin Receptor 1 Precursor (37LRP) in a tissue sample comprising: contacting said tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said antigenic moiety; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; whereby 37LRP is identified.

The present invention also provides a method for diagnosing a tissue sample from a patient suffering from a hepatocellular carcinoma comprising: A (followed by page 25B) INiaSViwl 2 4 AUG 2009 RFncn/cpi 550044 contacting a tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said antigenic moiety; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said tissue sample; whereby a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is confirmed.

The present invention also provides a process for differentiation, treatment, or diagnostic imaging of cells which express 37LRP comprising: providing a sample of isolated cells; contacting a conjugated moiety with said isolated cells, said conjugated moiety including an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, said antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof being an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to an expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said antigenic moiety characterized as being bound by the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, said isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof being conjugated with at least one member selected from the group consisting of drugs, toxins, enzymes, or radioactive compounds; whereby binding of said conjugated moiety with said cells results in differentiation, treatment, or diagnostic imaging of said cells.

The present invention also provides a binding assay to determine a presence of cells which express a 37LRP antigenic moiety which specifically binds to the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, or an antigen binding fragment thereof comprising: contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with a cell sample, said antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof being an isolated 25B (followed by page 25C) intellectual property OFFICE OP N-Z. 2 h AUG 2009 550044 I monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to said expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said antigenic moiety characterized as being bound by the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690; and detecting binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with said cell sample; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said cell sample whereby the presence of cells which express a 37LRP antigenic moiety which specifically binds to said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is determined.

The present invention also provides use of a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as accession number PTA-5690 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a human tumor in a mammal, wherein said tumor expresses an antigen which specifically binds to said monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, said treatment of the human tumor in the mammal comprises administration of the medicament in an amount effective to reduce said mammal's tumor burden, whereby disease progression is delayed and/or survival is extended.

The present invention also provides use of a conjugated moiety comprising an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, which binds to an expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof being conjugated with at least one member selected from the group consisting of drugs, toxins, enzymes, or radioactive compounds, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a patient suffering from a cancerous disease.

The present invention also provides a method for selecting from a group of subjects suffering from cancer those susceptible to treatment with an isolated monoclonal antibody, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an 25C (followed by page 25D) 550044 antigenic moiety expressed by 37LRP from tissue sample from a subject suffering from cancer, comprising: contacting a tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by a hybridoma ceil line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP, said antigenic moiety characterized as being uniquely bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with said tissue sample; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said cell tissue sample; whereby a selection of the subject is made.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description wherein, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention are set forth.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1, Representative FACS histograms of 6BD-25,5LAC-23 and anti-Fas (positive control) antibodies directed against several cancer and non-cancer cell lines.

Figure 2. Effect of 6BD-25 on tumor growth in a preventative SWI1I6 colon cancer model. The dashed line indicates die period during which the antibody was administered.

Data points represent (lie mean +/- SEM, Figure 3. Effect of 6BD-25 on body weight in a preventative OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer model. The dashed line indicates the period during which the antibody was 25D intellectual property OFHCF or N'z. 2 4 AUG 2009 RECEIVED DRAFT 550044 antigenic moiety expressed by 37LRP from tissue sample from a subject suffering from cancer , comprising: contacting a tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by a hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP, said antigenic moiety characterized as being uniquely bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with said tissue sample; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said cell tissue sample; whereby a selection of the subject is made.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description wherein, byway of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention are set forth.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. Representative FACS histograms of 6BD-25, 5LAC-23 and anti-Fas (positive control) antibodies directed against several cancer and non-cancer cell lines.

Figure 2. Effect of 6BD-25 on tumor growth in a preventative SW1116 colon cancer model. The dashed line indicates the period during which the antibody was administered.

Data points represent (lie mean +/- SEM.

Figure 3. Effect of 6BD-25 on body weight in a preventative OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer model. The dashed line indicates the period during which the antibody was 25D |,NTEo^v^ 21 APR an# I R£C£i vet>/ 550044 administered. Data points represent the mean +/- SEM.

Figure 4. Survival of tumor-bearing mice after treatment with 6BD-25 or buffer control. Mice were monitored for survival for over 240 days post-treatment.

Figures 5A and 5B. Western blot of total cell lysates (T) and cytoplasmic fraction 5 (C) made from OVCAR-3 Cells stained with either an isotype control (Panel A) or 5LAC-23 (Panel B). A distinct band is detected with 5LAC-23 and is indicated by a black arrow.

Figure 6A and 6B. Western blots of OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic proteins separated by 2-D electrophoresis. Panel A shows a blot probed with the IgM isotype control while panel B shows the blot probed with 5LAC-23. The arrows correspond to the spots recognised by 10 5LAC-23.

Figure 7A, 7B and 7C. 2-Dimensional SDS-PAGE and Western blot of OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic proteins. Panel A shows a Silver stained gel of the cytoplasmic fractions. Panel C demonstrates the position of the protein recognised by 5LAC-23 while Panel B demonstrates a similar blot probed with an isotype control antibody. The arrows 15 correspond to the spot recognised by 5LAC-23 Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D. Western blots of OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic fractions probed with the anti-37LRP antibody H-150 (A), the anti-37LRP antibody F-18 (B), an IgM isotype control (C) and 5LAC-23 (B).

Figures 9A and 9B. 2-Dimensional Western blots of cytoplasmic proteins from 20 OVCAR-3 cells. The arrow on Blot A indicates the major spot that 5LAC-23 binds to. The line in Blot B indicates the spots that are specific for the anti-37LRP (H-150) antibody. Other spots revealed on blots are due to interactions with the isotype of the antibody or with the secondary antibodies used.

Figure 10A, 10B, 10C and 10D. Immunostains ofCHO cells (1 OX magnification) 25 that were transfected with a plasmid expressing a human cDNA clone encoding for 37LRP (pCMV-XL537LRP) with 5LAC-23 (bottom row) and an IgM isotype control (top row). Cells were transfected with Fugene reagent alone (Column A), or increasing amounts of pCMV-XL537LRP (1 micrograms: Column B; 2 micrograms: Column C; 4 micrograms: Column D). Increasing numbers of positive cells (brown) can be seen with increasing 30 amounts of plasmid when cells were stained with 5LAC-23.

Figure 11A, 1 IB and 11C. Immunostains of CHO cells (40X) transfected with a plasmid expressing a human cDNA clone encoding for 37LRP (pCMV-XL537LRP; 2 micrograms). Cells were stained with 5LAC-23 (A), the anti-37LRP antibody H-150 (B) and the anti-67LR antibody MLuC5 (C) and positive cells can be seen in all immunostains. 26 550044 Figure 12A, 12B and 12C. Expression of human 37LRP in E.coli detected by various antibodies by Western analysis. Plasmids that were included in the bacterial reaction mixtures included Control Vector GFP with a C-terminal His6-tag (Lane 1), PrVEX2.3dLRP (37LRP; Lane 2) and prVEX2.4dLRPNHiS6 (37LRP with aN-terminal His6-5 tag; Lane 3). Blots were probed with an IgM isotype control (Panel A), 5LAC-23 (Panel B) and the anti-37LRP antibody H-150 (Panel C).

Figure 13A, 13B and 13C. Staining of paraffin-embedded tissues with 5LAC-23 (Bottom row) and an IgM isotype control (Top row). Sections were taken from normal stomach (Column A), normal liver (Column B) and a hepatocellular carcinoma (Column Figure 14A, 14B, and 14C. Binding of various antibodies to cryo-preserved liver tissue from matched normal (Top row) and matched tumor tissue (Bottom row). Antibodies used were an IgM isotype control (Column A), 5LAC-23 (Column B) and an anti-cytokeratin 8 (Column C). cell line Beas-2B with 5LAC-23 0 and an IgM isotype control 0* The cells were grown with (Column B) or without (Column A) Vitrogen.

Figure 16Aand 16B. Expression ofthe epitopes oftheanti-37LRP antibody H-150 (A) and 5LAC-23 (B) in a number of tumor and transformed cell lines as detected by 20 Western blotting under non-reducing conditions. Cell lines included wild type CHO cells (Lane 1) and the human cell lines; HB4aR4.a (Lane 2), HMT 3522 (Lane 3)s MCF-7 (Lane 4), MDA-MB-231 (Lane 5); MDA-MB-361 (Lane 6), OVCAR-3 (Lane 7), Chang's Liver (Lane 8), HepG2 (Lane 9); A375 (Lane 10), DLD-1 (Lane U), LS174T (Lane 12) and SW620 (Lane 13).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Example 1 Hybridoma Production - Hybridoma Cell Lines: 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 The hybridoma cell lines 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 were deposited, in accordance with the Budapest Treaty, with th& American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 30 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110-2209 on December 9, 2003, under Accession Number PTA-5691 and PTA-5690 respectively. The depositors assure that all restrictions imposed on the availability to the public ofthe deposited materials will be irrevocably removed upon the granting of a patent. The C).

Figure 15A and 15B. Immunohistichemical staining of the normal lung epithelial 27 INTELLECTUAL proper! OFF/CP OF M.2. 2 4 AUG 2009 RECEIVED 550044 derivation ofthe clone, the supernatant and cell ELISA screening of 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 has previously been described in US 6,657,048. 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 monoclonal antibodies were produced by culturing the hybridomas in CL-1000 flasks (BD Biosciences, Oakville, ON) with collections and 5 reseeding occurring twice/week. The antibodies were purified according to standard antibody purification procedures with Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences, Baie d'Urfe, QC). 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 were compared to a number of both positive (anti-Fas (EOS9.1, IgM, kappa, 20 micrograms/mL, eBioscience, San Diego, CA), anti-EGFR 10 (C225, IgGl, kappa, 5 microgram/mL, Cedarlane, Hornby, ON), Cycloheximide (100 raicromolar, Sigma, Oakville, ON), NaN3 (0.1%, Sigma, Oakville, ON)) and negative (107.3 (anti-TNP, IgGl, kappa, 20 microgram/mL, BD Biosciences, Oakville, ON), G155-178 (anti-TNP, IgG2a, kappa, 20 microgram/mL, BD Biosciences, Oakville, ON), MPC-11 (antigenic specificity unknown, IgG2b, kappa, 20 microgram/mL), J606 (anti-fructosan, 15 IgG3, kappa, 20 microgram/mL), IgG Buffer (2%), IgM buffer (2%)) controls in a cytotoxicity assay (Table 2). Breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 (MB-231), MDA-MB-468 (MB-468), MCF-7), colon cancer (HT-29, SW1116, SW620), lung cancer (NCI-H460), ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3), prostate cancer (PC-3), and non-cancer (CCD-27sk. Hs888.Lu) cell lines were tested (all from the ATCC, Manassas, VA). The Live/Dead 20 cytotoxicity assay was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene,OR). The assays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions with the changes outlined below. Cells were plated before the assay at the predetermined appropriate density. After 2 days, purified antibody or controls were diluted into media, and then 100 microliters were transferred to the cell plates and incubated in a 5 percent CO2 incubator for 5 days. The 25 plate was then emptied by inverting and blotted dry. Room temperature DPBS containing MgCb and CaCh was dispensed into each well from a multi-channel squeeze bottle, tapped three times, emptied by inversion and then blotted dry. 50 microliters of the fluorescent calcein dye diluted in DPBS containing MgC'lo and CaCl? was added to each well and incubated at 37°C in a 5 percent co2 incubator for 30 minutes. The plates were read in a 30 Perkin-Elmer HTS7000 fluorescence plate reader and the data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel and the results were tabulated in Table 1. The data represented an average of four experiments tested in triplicate and presented qualitatively in the following fashion: 4/4 experiments greater than threshold cytotoxicity (+++), 3/4 experiments greater than threshold cytotoxicity (++), 2/4 experiments greater than threshold cytotoxicity (+). 28 550044 Unmarked cells in Table 1 represent inconsistent or effects less than the threshold cytotoxicity. The chemical cytotoxic agents induced their expected cytotoxicity while a number of other antibodies which were included for comparison also performed as expected given the limitations of biological cell assays. The 6BD-25 antibody 5 demonstrated cytotoxicity in breast, ovarian and colon cancer cell lines selectively, while having no effect on non-transformed normal cells. The 5LAC-23 antibody demonstrated cytotoxicity in the ovarian cancer cell line selectively while also having no effect on non-transformed normal cells. The antibodies 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 were selective in their activity since not all cancer cell types were susceptible. Furthermore, 6BD-25 and 5LAC-10 23 demonstrated functional specificity since they did not produce cytotoxicity against non-cancer cell types, which is an important therapeutic factor.

Table 2: In Vitro Cytotoxicity of 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 Cell Line Antibody MB-231 MB-468 MCF-7 HT-29 SW1116 SW620 NCI H460 OVCAR PC-3 CCD 27sk Hs888 Lu 6BD-25 + ++ 4- 5LAC-23 4-4- Negative Controls IgM buffer + IgGl isotype CHX +++ ++4- 4-4-4- ++ 4-4- 4-4-4- +++ +++ +++ u NaN3 +++ 4-+4^ +++ 4-4-4- 4-4- 4-4-+ +++ +++ aati-EGFR 4"+4- ++4- ++ *2 Q anti-Fas 4-4- +++ + Binding of 6BD-25 to the above-mentioned panel of cancer and normal cell lines was assessed by flow cytometry (FACS). Cells were prepared for FACS by initially washing the cell monolayer with DPB S (without Ca+" and Mg++). Cell dissociation buffer (INV ITROGEN, Burlington, ON) was then used to dislodge the cells from their cell culture plates at 37°C. After centrifiigation and collection, the cells were resuspended in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline containing MgCL, CaCl? and 25 percent fetal bovine serum at 4°C (wash media) and counted, aliquoted to appropriate cell density, spun down to pellet the cells and resuspended in staining media (DPBS containing MgC^ and CaCli) containing 6BD-25 (unconjugated or conjugated with biotin), 5LAC-23 or control antibodies (isotype control or anti-Fas) at 20 micrograms/mL on ice for 30 minutes.

Conjugating 6BD-25 to biotin was performed with biotinylation reagent (Pierce E2-Link Sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin, Rockford, IL). The biotinylation reagent was added in 20 times molar excess to 6BD-25 and incubated for 2 hrs at room temperature with shaking. The biotinylated 6BD-25 was then dialyzed overnight against PB S at 4°C, Prior to the addition of Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody (for unconjugated primary antibodies) 29 550044 or streptavidin R-phycoerythrin conjugated secondary antibody (for biotinylated 6BD-25), the cells were washed once with wash media. The appropriate secondary antibody in staining media was then added for 20 minutes. The cells were then washed for the final time and resuspended in staining media containing 1 microgram/mL propidium iodide.

Flow cytometric acquisition of the cells was assessed by running samples on a FACScan using the CellQuest software (BD Biosciences, Oakville, ON). The forward (FSC) and side scatter (SSC) ofthe cells were set by adjusting the voltage and amplitude gains on the FSC and SSC detectors. The detectors for the three fluorescence channels (FLl, FL2, and FL3) were adjusted by running cells stained with purified isotype control antibody 10 followed by the appropriate secondary antibody such that cells had a uniform peak with a median fluorescent intensity of approximately 1-5 units. Live cells were acquired by gating for FSC and propidium iodide exclusion. For each sample, approximately 10,000 live cells were acquired for analysis and the results presented in Table 3. Table 3 tabulated the mean fluorescence intensity fold increase above isotype control and is presented qualitatively as: 15 less than 1.5 (-); 1.5 to 2 (+); 2 to 3 (++); 3 to 10 (+++) and >10 (++++).

Representative histograms of 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 antibodies were compiled for Figure 1. Unconjugated 6BD-25 did not initially bind any cell lines tested by FACS. However, after increasing the sensitivity of the assay by conjugating 6BD-25 to biotin, it was demonstrated that a low level of antigen is present on the surface of MDA-MB-231, C-20 13, OVCA-429 and OV2008 cancer cells. By FACS, 5LAC-23 showed high and specific binding to the colon cancer cell line SW620. For both 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23, this was further evidence that the degree of binding was not necessarily predictive of the outcome of antibody ligation of its cognate antigen, and was a non-obvious finding. This suggested that the context of antibody ligation in different cells was determinative of cytoxicity rather 25 than just antibody binding.

Table 3: FACS Analysis of 6BD-25 and 5LAC-23 Cell Line Antibody Isotype CCD-27sk PC-3 NCI-H4S0 Hs888,Lu HT-29 SW620 SW1116 MB-231 MB-468 MCF-7 OV2008 C13 OVCA-429 ova 6BD-25 IgM, k Biotinylated 6BD-25 IgM, k 4- +*H* + + 4 5LAC-23 IgM, k - - - •H-f - - - anti-Fas (+ control) IgM, k ++++ + +++ +-H-+ +++• - 4-4-4- ++ + +++ +++ +++ 4-4- 4-4 550044 Example 2 In Vivo Colon Preventative Tumor Experiments With reference to the data shown in Figure 2, 4 to 8 week old, female SCID mice were implanted with 5 million SW1116 human colon cancer cells in 100 microliters saline 5 injected subcutaneously in the scruff of the neck. The mice were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups of 10. On the day prior to implantation 20 mg/kg of 6BD-25 test antibody or buffer control was administered intrapertioneally at a volume of 300 microliters after dilution from the stock concentration with a diluent that contained 500 mM NaCl, 20 mM Na2HP04»7H20 and 20 mM NaH2P04»H20. The antibodies were then 10 administered once per week for a period of 7 weeks in the same fashion.

Tumor growth was measured roughly every 7th day with calipers for up to 16 weeks or until individual animals reached the Canadian Council for Animal Care (CCAC) end-points or day 112. Body weights of the animals were recorded for the duration of the study. At the end of the study all animals were euthanised according to CCAC guidelines. 15 There were no clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Data was analyzed using the independent samples test and significance was determined using the t-test for equality of means. At day 50(1 day after final treatment), the tumor volume in the 6BD-25 treated group was 54 percent ofthe buffer control (p=0.001). Delayed growth ofthe tumor continued past the treatment period. At day 112 (63 days post-treatment), tumor volume in 20 the antibody treatment group was 59 percent of the buffer control (p=0.002). In summary, 6BD-25 antibody treatment reduced tumor burden in comparison to buffer control in a well-recognized model of human colon cancer. These results suggest a potential pharmacologic and pharmaceutical benefit of this antibody (6BD-25) as a therapy in other mammals, including man.

Example 3 In Vivo Ovarian Preventative Tumor Experiments: With reference to the data shown in Figures 3 and 4,4 to 8 week old, female SCID mice were implanted with 5 million OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells in 1000 30 microliters saline injected intraperitoneally. The mice were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups of 10. On the day after implantation 20 mg/kg of 6BD-25 test antibody or antibody buffer was administered intraperitoneally at a volume of 300 microliters after dilution from the stock concentration with a diluent that contained 500 mM NaCl, 20 mM Na2HP04*7H20 and 20 mM NaE^PO^ITO. The antibodies were then administered once 550044 per week for a period of 9 weeks in the same fashion.

Body weight was measured roughly every 7th day for up to 11 weeks or until individual animals reached the Canadian Council for Animal Care (CCAC) end-points or day 76. Body weights of the animals were recorded for the duration of the study. At the end 5 of the study all animals were euthanised according to CCAC guidelines.

There were no clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Body weight was used as a surrogate measure of tumor progression (Figure 3). Increased body weight is indicative of tumor burden since the weight gain is caused by ascites formation. Significance was determined using the Dunnett's t-test. At day 80 post-implantation (16 10 days after the end of treatment), mice in the 6BD-25 treatment group had body weights significantly less than the buffer control group (p=0.002). There was also enhanced survival with treatment with 6BD-25 compared to the buffer control (Figure 4) as determined by the log-rank test. Mice in the control group had a median survival of 87.0 days versus 107.5 days in the 6BD-25 treatment group (p<0.02). Also, all mice in the 15 buffer treatment group had died by day 120 post-implantation (56 days after treatment). In the antibody treatment group, there was still 1 mouse alive at day 250 post-treatment (186 days post-treatment). In summary, 6BD-25 antibody treatment prevented tumor burden in comparison to buffer control in another well-recognized model of human cancer disease. 6BD-25 also enhanced survival in an ovarian xenograft model.

In toto, 6BD-25 is significantly more effective than buffer control in suppressing tumor growth in a preventative tumor xenograft model of colon and ovarian cancer in SCID mice. Treatment with 6BD-25 also showed a survival benefit in a well-recognized model of human ovarian cancer disease suggesting pharmacologic and pharmaceutical benefits of this antibody for therapy in other mammals, including man. Furthermore, the 25 undetectable or low level of antigen expression on the SW1116 and OVCAR-3 cells respectively, illustrates that the level of antigen expression does not necessarily correlate with in vivo efficacy.

Example 4 Identification of Binding Proteins bv Western Blotting 30 To identify the antigen(s) recognised by the antibody 5LAC-23, cell lysates and cytoplasmic fractions expressing the antigen were subjected to gel electrophoresis, and transferred to membranes. Western blotting was used to determine proteins detected by this antibody. 32 550044 1. 1-Dimensional SDS-PAGE Previous work demonstrated weak binding of 5LAC-23 to the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 by FACS analysis and that 5LAC-23 was shown to have cytotoxic effects against this cell line (U. S. Patent Application No.10/810,163, the contents of which are 5 herein incorporated by referenced Total cell lysates were prepared in RIPA buffer [50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2; 150mM NaCl; 0.1% (w/v) SDS; 1% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate; 1% (w/v) Triton X-100] while cell fractions were made using the Mem-PER Eulcaryotic Membrane Protein extraction Kit (Cat. No. 89826; Pierce; Tattenhall, Cheshire, UK). The hydrophilic fraction generated was essentially enriched by removal of membrane 10 components and was considered to be the cytoplasmic fraction. Protease inhibitors (SIGMA P8340) were included in all lysis steps. Aliquots of cell preparations were loaded onto 12% gels and ran at 60V for 30 minutes and then 15 0V until the dye front reached the bottom of the gels. Gels were prepared for transfer of proteins onto PVDF membranes at 30V for 2 hours, using a NOVEX XCell II Blot Module (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK). 15 Following transfer, membranes were blocked with 5% skimmed milk powder in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.5% Tween (TBST) overnight at 4°C. Membranes were incubated with primary antibody for 4 hours at room temperature. Primary antibodies included 5LAC-23 (5 p.g/mL), and isotype control (mouse anti-trinitrophenol, IgM, tc; Clone G155-228; Cat. No. 553472; BD PharMingen; Oxford, Oxon, UK; 5j.ig/ml). After 20 membranes were washed three times with TBST, membranes were incubated with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM, |_i chain specific antibody (1/10,0000; Cat. No. 115-035-075; Jackson Immunologicals West Grove, PA, USA) for lh. After washing the membranes five times, HRP was detected using ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Amersham).

Binding of 5LAC-23 to cytoplasmic fractions of OVCAR-3 cells yielded a band with approximate MW of 40kDa (Figure 5), as indicated by the black arrow. This band was very weak in total cell lysates made from OVCAR-3 cells, implicating that the antigen could be enriched by generating cytoplasmic fractions. The band was not detected by the isotype control indicating that the interaction with 5LAC-23 was specific. Although a 30 dominant band was also observed at approx. 70kD, this band was also detected by the isotype control with less intensity. From this experiment, 5LAC-23 appears to bind specifically to a protein of approximately 40 kD. 2. 2-Dimensional SDS-PAGE Total cytoplasmic proteins prepared as described above, were precipitated using the 33 550044 Plus One 2-D Clean-Up Kit (Cat. No. 80-6484-51; Amersham, Little Chalfont, Bucks, UK) and then resuspended in rehydration buffer containing ampholytes in the pH range 3-10. First dimension isoelectric focusing (IEF) was performed on an IPGphor (Amersham) with 7 cm immobilised pH 3-10 gradient (DPG)-based strips (Amersham, Little Chalfont, Bucks, 5 UK) in the presence of rehydration solution (8M urea, 2% CHAPS; Amersham). Voltage limits were 30V for 14 hours to allow rehydration to take place, then 200V for 1 hour, 500V for 1 hour, 1000V for 30 minutes and 8000V until 8000Vh was reached. Following IEF separation, strips were equilibrated in an SDS-PAGE equilibration buffer without DTT with 2.5% IAA for 15 minutes. The strips were placed on top of a 10% gel and sealed with 10 0.5% agarose. SDS-PAGE ran at 60V for 30 minutes and then 150V until the dye front reached the bottom of the gels. Gels were prepared for transfer of proteins onto PVDF membranes, using Hoefer TE 77 Semi- Dry Transfer Unit (Amersham).

Following transfer, membranes were blocked with 5% skimmed milk powder in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.5% Tween (TBST) overnight at 4°C. Membranes were 15 incubated with primary antibody for 4 hours at room temperature. Primary antibodies included 5LAC-23 (5 (.ig/'mL), and isotype control (mouse anti-trinitrophenol, IgM, k; Clone G155-228; Cat. No. 553472; BD PharMingen; Oxford, Oxon, UK; 5 |ag/mL). After membranes were washed three times with TBST, membranes were incubated with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM, p. chain specific antibody 20 (1/5000-10,0000; Cat. No. 115-035-075; Jackson Immunologicals West Grove, PA, USA) for lh. After washing the membranes five times, HRP was detected using ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Amersham).

Figure 6 demonstrates the Western blot obtained from OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic fractions incubated with 5LAC-23. A single distinct spot can be seen in the blot probed 25 with 5LAC-23 (Figure 6b), compared to the blot incubated with the isotype control (Figure 6a). The unique spot is indicated with an arrow and has an acidic pi with a molecular weight similar to the 361cD protein marker.

Two dimensional electrophoresis was repeated using larger strips (18 cm; Amersham) in order to confirm that 5LAC-23 bound to an acidic protein, to improve 30 separation of protein spots and to be able to obtain enough protein for subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. Rehydration and IEF were carried out according to the programmed settings: 30V 14h; 200V 30min; 500V 30min; 1000V lh on gradient; 6500V 3h on gradient; 8000V. The total Vh was 54,000-60,000. Following IEF separation, strips were equilibrated in an SDS-PAGE equilibration buffer with 2.5% IAA for 15min. The strips 550044 were placed on top of a 12% gel and sealed with 0.5% agarose and SDS-PAGE was performed overnight at 60V. One of the gels was stained for protein using the PlusOne Sliver Staining kit (Cat. No. 17-1150-01; Amersham) following the manufacturer's instructions to be compatible with MS analysis. Other gels were prepared for transfer of 5 proteins onto PVDF membranes as described above. Membranes were probed with 5LAC-23 and an isotype control as described above. Following transfer, gels were also stained for protein as described above to assist with alignment of protein spots.

The protein spot from OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic fractions that 5LAC-23 binds to can be seen clearly in Figure 7. Figure 7a shows a silver stained gel of OVCAR-3 cytoplasmic 10 fractions. Figure 7b reveals that the isotype control did not bind to any protein spots while a single distinct spot was apparent in the blot probed with 5LAC-23 (Figure 7c) with molecular weight similar to the 36kD protein marker. Binding of 5LAC-23 was specific as the spot was not detected with the isotype control (Figure 7b). This experiment confirmed that the antigenic moiety bound by 5LAC-23 was approximately 36 KD, and had an acidic 15 pi.

Example 5 Identification of Binding Proteins by Mass Spectroscopy The region of the gel corresponding to the 37-40kD protein spot recognised by 5LAC-23 was excised using a sterile pipette tip. Gel plugs were then used for 20 identification of proteins by mass spectroscopy.

The samples were subj ected to in-gel digestion with trypsin using aMWG Roboseq 4204 robot (MWG Biotech). Peptides were released from the gel plug with 1% formic acid and 2% acetonitrile. A portion of the resulting digest supernatant was analysed on a MicroMass Q-TOF Global using a 75mm CI8 column for peptide separation. The data 25 were searched using MASCOT.

The proteins identified by MS analysis in the region of the gel that was recognised by 5LAC-23 are presented in Table 4. The antigen for 5LAC-23 identified by mass spectroscopy was Laminin receptor 1.

WO 2005/093048 PCT/CA2005/000456 Table 4. Proteins identified that 5LAC-23 recognised from cytoplasmic fractions of the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 Observed MW Protein ID Score NCBI Accession # 37-40 kD Laminin receptor 1 136 250127 37-40kD Ribosomal protein RS.40K, cytosolic 136 59859883 Example 6 CONFIRMATION OF ANTIGEN FOR 5LAC-23 1. Confirmation by co-localisation studies Confirmation of the putative antigen was assisted by determining whether known anti-37LRP antibodies could co-localise with 5LAC-23. Proteins in cytoplasmic fractions 10 from OVCAR-3 cells were separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes. Western blotting was performed as described above for 1-Dimensional SDS-PAGE. Primary antibodies included 5LAC-23 (5 |_ig/mL), an IgM isotype control (as described above; 5 ug/mL), the anti-37LRP antibody H-150 (0.2 p-g/mL; Cat. No.sc-20979; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Santa Cruz, CA, USA; This antibody was raised against a 15 recombinant protein corresponding to AA 110-250 of human 37LRP), the anti-37LRP antibody F-18 (0.4 |i.g/mL; Cat. No. sc-21534; Santa Cruz) and normal rabbit IgG (0.2 ug/mL; Cat.No.AB-105-C; R&D Systems; Abingdon, Oxon, UK). Secondary antibodies included HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM described above (1/5000-10,000; Jackson Immunologicals) for detection of IgMs, HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins 20 (1/2000; Cat.no. P0448; DAKO, Carpentaria, CA, USA) and HRP-conjugated anti-goat immunoglobulins (1/2000; Cat. No.P0449).

The two anti-3 7LRP antibodies, H-150 and F-18, bind to a band with approximate MW 40kD (Figure 8A and 8B). 5LAC-23 also binds to a band of a similar size (Figure 4D), while the IgM isotyope control does not, confirming that the interactions of 5LAC-23 25 with this protein are specific.

Further 2-D Westerns of cytoplasmic proteins from OVCAR-3 cells were prepared as described in the 2-Dimensional SDS-PAGE section except that IEF was performed using pharmylates with pi 3.5-5 to restrict the pH range. The primary and secondary antibodies used for blotting are described above.

The binding of 5LAC-23 and H-150 to the Western blots is shown in Figure 9 and has been compared to blots probed with the appropriate isotype controls (data not shown). 36 550044 The protein spot recognised by 5LAC-23 is shown in Figure 9 A, indicated by the black arrow. The anti-37LRP antibody, H-l 50, bound to a broader smear of protein highlighted by the black line (Figure 9B) that coincides with the vicinity of the gel that 5LAC-23 also bound to. It is likely that the smear recognised by H-150 contains at least 3 protein spots, 5 and may indicate that different isoforms of the protein are present in the cytoplasmic fraction from OVCAR-3 cells. Other proteins detected on the blots are due to interactions due to the isotypes ofthe antibodies or the secondary antibody and are not specific to either 5LAC-23, nor H-150. Both the anti-37LRP antibody and 5LAC-23 bound to proteins of approximately 40kD providng further evidence that 37LRP is indeed the antigen for 5LAC-10 23. However, although the molecular weights were similar, 5LAC-23 demonstrated a unique binding pattern compared to the other anti-3 7LRP antibody. This suggests that the epitopes recognized by the 2 antibodies are different, with 5LAC-23 demonstrating more restricted binding. 2. Confirmation by transfection studies 15 Confirmation of the putative antigen was carried out by determining whether 5LAC-23 could bind to cells that were transfected with a cDNA clone of 3 7LRP. A clone of the cDNA encoding for 37LRP was obtained in the plasmid pCMV6-XL5 (referred to as pCMV-XL537LRP; Item no. TC107938; Accession Number: NM-002295; ORIGENE Technologies; Rockville, MA, USA). Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were grown to 20 be 60-70% confluent in 6-well plates (F12 Ham Nutrient Mixture; 10% FBS; 2mM Glutamine). Cells were transfected with pCMV-XL537LRP using Fugene Transfection Reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol (Cat. No. 1988 387; Roche Diagnostics; Lewes, East Sussex, UK). Cells were grown for at least 48 hours before immunostaining. Cells were washed twice with PBS and then fixed with ice cold acetone:methanol (1:1) for 25 3 minutes. The acetone:methanol was removed and the cells were air dried. They were washed three times with PBS and then blocked with 2% FBS in PBS for 30 minutes. Primary antibody was added and cells incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. Primary antibodies included 5LAC-23 (5|u.g/ml), an IgM isotype control (as described above; 5 Ug/mL) ,the anti-37LRP antibody (H-150; 0.2 fig/mL; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), the anti-30 67LR antibody (MLuC5; Cat. no. ab3099; 4 fig/mL; Abeam limited, Cambridge, Cambs, UK) and normal rabbit IgG (0.2 fig/mL; Cat. No.AB-105-C; R&D Systems; Abingdon, Oxon, UK). After the cells were washed three times with PBS, secondary antibody, (HRP-conjuagted goat anti-mouse IgM, 1/1000; Jackson Immunologicals) was added and incubated for 1 hour. Secondary antibodies included HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM 550044 described above (1/1000; Jackson Immunologicals) for detection of IgMs and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins (1/200; DAKO). The cells were washed three times before HRP was detected using a DAB-Substrate Kit (Cat. No. SK-4100; Vector laboratories; Peterborough, Cambs.,UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

The immunostains reveal that the number of positive (brown) cells stained with 5LAC-23 increases as the amount of DNA (pCMV-XL537LRP) is increased (Figure 10). The isotype control stained the CHO cells with some background staining but this is similar regardless of the quantity of DNA that has been included in the transfection procedure (Figure 10, Top row), indicating that the binding of 5LAC-23 to the transiently 10 transfected cells is specific. These results confirm that the binding protein for 5LAC-23 is the 37kd LRP.

In addition to transfected cells staining with 5LAC-23, some cells also stained with two other antibodies directed against the 37LRP and the 67LR (Figure 11). The anti-37LRP antibody H-150 recognised some transfected cells localising to the cytoplasm 15 (Figure 1 IB). The second antibody MLuC5, which recognises the 67LR, also bound to some cells (Figure 11C) although in a different pattern to that of 5LAC-23 and H-150 (Figure 11A and 11C). Other investigators have found that MLuC5 has failed to bind to transfected CHO cells. This may be due to experimental differences, such as the use of a different promoter, secondary antibody or clone, or variations in staining technique. Note 20 that the staining of MLuC5 is restricted to compartments that may be lysosomal membranes, enabling release of the receptor for attachment upon contact with laminin. These results confirm that the transfected protein, 37LRP, is successfully expressed in CHO cells. These results also provide evidence that the 67LR is related to the 37LRP polypeptide and that it can be synthesised in CHO cells. SDS-PAGE results suggest that 25 5LAC-23 binds to the precursor molecule rather than the 67 lcD laminin receptor protein, as 5LAC-23 binds to a protein which is approximately 37~45kD (Example 4). Results from this experiment revealing the immunostaining pattern of transfected cells shows that the location of the 5LAC-23 is predominantly cytoplasmic, more similar to H-150 binding than to MluC5 binding. In toto, the sum of this evidence suggests that the antigen for 30 5LAC-23 is the 37LRP precursor molecule rather than the 67LR. 2. Confirmation by Bacterial Expression of 37LRP In order to further evaluate the putative antigen of 5LAC-23, the 37LRP cDNA was cloned into an expression vector for biosynthesis of the protein in a cell free in vitro translation system. The plasmid pCMV-XL537LRP (described above; ORIGENE) was 550044 used as the template for amplification of the 37LRP cDNA with primers 5'-GGGAAATTTTCCATATGTCCGGAGC-3' (includes a synthetic Nde I site) and 5>-CCTATGCAAGCCCGGGTTA AGACC AG-3' (includes a stop codon and synthetic Smal site). PCR amplifications were performed using Turbo DNA polymerase (Stratagem).

The DNA template was denatured for 5min at 94°C, followed by 30 cycles (45 minutes at 94°C, 45 minutes at 60°C, 1 minute at 72°C) and extended for 10 minutes at 72°C. The 37LRP PCR product was cloned into either pIVEX2.3d and pIVEX2.4d (Cat. no. 03 269 019 001; Roche) using the Nde I and Sma I sites. The plasmids that were generated include pIVEX2.3dLRP (37LRP without His6-tag) andpIVEX2.4dLRPNHiS6 (37LRP with a io His6-tag at N-terminal end). Expression of 37LRP proteins was performed using cell free in vitro translation system in bacteria (RTS 100 E. coli HY Kit; Cat no. 3186 148; Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK) following the manufacturer's instructions. An aliquot of the reaction mixture was loaded onto 10% gels and transferred to nitrocellulose. Membranes were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBST overnight at 4°C. Primary antibody was 15 added and blots were incubated at room temperature for 3 hours. After five washes with TBST, secondary antibody was added for 1 hour at room temperature. Primary antibodies included 5LAC-23 (5 pg/mL). an IgM isotype control (as described above; 5 (ig/mL) ,the anti-37LRP antibody (H-150; 0.2 jag/mL; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and normal rabbit IgG (0.2 |J,g/mL; R&D Systems). Secondary antibodies included HRP-conjugated goat 20 anti-mouse IgM described above (1/5000-10,000; Jackson Immunologicals) for detection of IgMs and HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulins (1/2000; DAKO). After washing five times, HRP-conjugated antibodies were detected withECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents (Amersham).

Western blot analysis revealed that both the anti~37LRP antibody, H-150, and 5LAC-23 bind to proteins synthesised in the bacterial reaction mixes only when a template for 3 7LRP (pIVEX2.3 dLRP (3 7LRP and pIVEX2.4dLRPNHiS6) was included in the reaction mixture (Figure 12). 5LAC-23 and H-150 did not bind to the reaction mixture when a control plasmid expressing GFP was included in the reaction mixture. Antibodies against a C-terminal Hise-tag confirmed that the GFP protein was synthesised (data not shown).

Reaction mixtures appeared to generate at least 2 protein products from the pIVEXLRP constructs, probably due to two start codons in these constructs (one immediately after the Ribosomal binding site and one included in the Nde I site used for cloning), or to post- translational modifciations. Although 5LAC-23 and H-150 recognise two similar protein bands, the pattern of binding is quite distinct. 5LAC-23 preferentially binds to the top 39 550044 band which appears as more of a smear suggesting possible post-translational modifications. H-150 binds to distinct bands (note each band is a doublet; not visible in photographs). There appears to be some binding to the top 37LRP band by the IgM isotype control (Figure 8; Panel A) which may be due to non-specific binding due to an overload of 5 protein. These results further confirm the binding of 5LAC-23 to the 37 kD LRP, and provide additional evidence that the binding of this antibody is to a unique epitope, distinct from the binding of the known anti-37LRP antibody H-150.

Using the RTS system from Roche, a number of post-translational modifications can be excluded from biosynthesis ofthe 37LRP product. These include N- and O-linked 10 glycosylation, phosphorylation and disulphide bond formation. It is possible that other molecules may be added to the polypeptide (such as lipids and sulphated groups) and may be part of the epitope that 5LAC-23 binds to. ScanProsite (Expasy) predicts that the 37LRP sequence has a number of phosphorylation sites, 2 N-myristolyation sites and a tyrosine sulphation site. Potential myristyl groups can be excluded from the epitope of 15 5LAC-23 since E.coli cannot accommodate this modification. The absence of phosphorylation may be interesting in that if 5LAC-23 binds to a peptide sequence, this sequence may be phosphorylated in normal human cells, and de-phosphoprylated in tumor cells, thus exposing the antigen of 5LAC-23.

Example 7 IHC studies of antigen distribution in humans in crvo-preserved normal tissues IHC studies were conducted on cryo-preserved tissues to characterize 5LAC-23 antigen distribution in normal human tissues. Cryo-preserved slides of normal human tissues were made available from Covance (UK). They were fixed in acetone for 10 minutes then washed in wash buffer (PBS with 0.02% Tween-20) twice. Endogenous 25 peroxidase activity was blocked by incubation in 0.6% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 15 minutes. Slides were washed in buffer prior to blocking in 1% horse serum in wash buffer for 20 minutes at RT. They were blocked in 2% BSA (SP-5050; Vector Laboratories Ltd) for a further 20 minutes. Endogenous biotin sites were blocked using an avidin/biotin blocking kit (SP-2001;Vector Laboratories Ltd) according to the 30 manufacturer's instructions. 5LAC-23, anti-cytokeratin-8 (M0631; Dako Cytomation) and IgM anti-KLH isotype control (550340; BD PharMingen) were incubated with the slides at 5 ug/mL in 2% BSA/wash buffer for 60 minutes at RT. Slides were washed three times prior to incubation in goat anti-mouse IgM biotinylated secondary (B9265; Sigma-Aldrich 40 550044 Company Ltd) diluted 1:100 in 1 % horse serum/wash buffer for 3 0 minutes at RT. Slides were washed three times and incubated in avidin-HRP, made up according to the mouse IgG Vectastain ABC kit (PK-6102; Vector Laboratories Ltd) for 30 minutes at RT: After washing three times, the slides were colour developed using DAB according to the 5 manufacturer's instructions (SK-4100; Vector Laboratories Ltd). Following a water wash the slides were eounterstained with Harris's haematoxylin then washed in copious amounts of water before dehydration and mounted in DPX mounting medium (M7D110/08; Fischer Scientific Ltd).

On cryo-preserved normal tissues, 5LAC-23 binds weakly to normal brain and 10 kidney tubules and none of the other tissues tested (Table 5).

Table 5. Staining of frozen normal tissue arrays ug/mL isotype |i,g/mL Cytokeratin-8 ug/mL 5LAC-23 Skin - ++ g epi mc - Brain - - + c Colon - ++ epi mc - Breast - ++ epi mc - Lung - ++ epi c - Muscle - - - Heart - - - Kidney - ++ tubules + tubules Spleen - + bv - Liver - ++ mc heps - g= granular epi= epithelial tissue mc= membraneous/cytoplasmic c= cytoplasmic bv= blood vessels heps= hepatocytes 41 550044 These results suggested that the antigen for 5LAC-23 was not widely expressed on normal tissues, and that the antibody would bind only to a limited number of tissues in humans.

Example 8 5 Human Normal and Tumor IHC The human tissue binding results were then extended by examining the binding in a wider panel of formalin-fixed human tissues. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal organ and tumor array slides (BA3; AMS Biotechnology Ltd) were de-waxed through alcohol. Slides were briefly dipped in wash buffer (PBS with 0.02% Tween-20). Antigen 10 retrieval was performed by micro-waving at full power for 20 minutes in low pH target retrieval solution (S1699; Dako Cytomation). Endogenous peroxide activity was blocked by incubation in 0.6% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 15 minutes. Slides were washed in buffer prior to blocking in 1% horse serum in wash buffer for 20 minutes at RT. Endogenous biotin sites were blocked using an avidin/biotin blocking kit (SP-2001; Vector 15 Laboratories Ltd) according to the manufacturer's instructions. 5LAC-23 and IgM anti-KLH isotype control (550340; BD PharMingen) were incubated with the slides at 0.75 ug/mL in 1% horse serum wash buffer for 90 minutes at RT. Slides were washed twice prior to incubation in goat anti-mouse IgM biotinylated secondary (B9265; Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd) diluted 1:100 in 1% horse serum/wash buffer for 30 minutes at RT. After 20 washing twice, slide were incubated in avidin-HRP, made up according to the mouse IgG Vectastain ABC kit (PK-6102; Vector Laboratories Ltd) for 30mins at RT. Slides were washed twice then colour developed using DAB according to the kit (SK-4100; Vector Laboratories Ltd). Following a water wash, the slides were counterstained with Harris's haematoxylin then washed in copious amounts of water before dehydration and mounting 25 in DPX mounting medium (M/Dl 10/08; Fischer Scientific Ltd).

Table 6 demonstrates that 5LAC-23 binds weakly to skeletal muscle, normal liver and normal stomach when the tissues are paraffin-embedded. As in the previous example, 5LAC-23 binding is restricted in normal tissues. 5LAC-23 binds most strongly to a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and weakly to a stomach adenocarcinoma. It does not 30 bind to any of the other normal or tumor tissues tested. These IHC studies revealed that there is a clear differential of binding to the HCC compared to normal liver and most other normal tissues. 42 WO 2005/093048 PCT/CA2005/000456 Table 6. Staining of human normal organ and tumour array slides with 5LAC-23 Normal organ/Tumor 5LAC23 staining (0.75 ug/mL) Isotype Staining (0.75 p.g/mL) Skin - - - - Breast - - - - Spleen - - - - Skeletal Muscle - + - - Lung - - - - Liver + c - - - Gastric Body + g + 9 - - Colon - - - - Kidney - - - - Prostate - - - - Placenta - - - - Brain - - - - Infiltrating breast duct carcinoma Lung, SCC - - - - Liver, HCC ++ c + c - - Oesophagus, SCC - - - - Stomach, adenocarcinoma + c Small intestine, malignant stromal tumor Rectum, adenocarcinoma - - - - Kidney, RCC - - - - Bladder, TCC - - - - Uterus, endometrial carcinoma Ovary, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma Metastatic malignant melanoma N/a N/a N/a N/a sc= scattered cells g= granular mc= membraneous/cytoplasmic 5 bv= blood vessels ctis= connective tissue epi= epithelial tissue c= cytoplasmic heps= hepatocytes 43 550044 An example of staining with 5LAC-23 of normal stomach (Column A), normal liver (Column B) and liver tumor (Column C) can be seen in Figure 13. There is no binding to any of the tissues with the isotype control indicating that the binding of 5LAC-23 is specific. 5LAC-23 bound predominantly to the cytoplasm of cells, although some 5 membraneous localisation was observed. 5LAC-23 does bind very weakly to normal liver and normal stomach, but binds strongly to the malignant liver.

Example 9 Binding of 5LAC-23 to Human Liver Tumor Sections An IHC study was undertaken to determine the cancer association of the 5LAC-23 10 antigen with human liver cancers. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver array slides (CS1; AMS Biotechnology Ltd) were de-waxed through alcohol. Slides were briefly dipped in wash buffer (PBS with 0.02% Tween-20). Antigen retrieval was performed by micro-waving at full power for 20 minutes in low pH target retrieval solution (S1699; Dako Cytomation). Endogenous peroxide activity was blocked by incubation in 0.6% 15 hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 15 minutes. Slides were washed in buffer prior to blocking in 1 % horse serum in wash buffer for 20 minutes at RT. Endogenous biotin sites were blocked using an avidin/biotin blocking kit (SP-2001; Vector Laboratories Ltd) according to the manufacturer's instructions. 5LAC-23 and IgM anti-KLH isotype control (550340; BD PharMingen) were incubated with the slides at 0.75 (.ig/mL in 1% horse 20 serum wash buffer for 90 minutes at RT. Slides were washed twice prior to incubation in goat anti-mouse IgM biotinylated secondary (B9265; Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd) diluted 1:100 in 1% horse serum/wash buffer for 30 minutes at RT. After washing twice, slide were incubated in avidin-HRP, made up according to the mouse IgG Vectastain ABC kit (PK-6102; Vector Laboratories Ltd) for 3 0 minutes at RT. S lides were washed twice then 25 colour developed using DAB according to the kit (SK-4100; Vector Laboratories Ltd). Following a water wash, the slides were counterstained with Harris's haematoxylin then washed in copious amounts of water before dehydration and mounting in DPX mounting medium (M/Dl 10/08; Fischer Scientific Ltd). 5LAC-23 bound to 73% of HCC sections, on a HCC tissue array slide (See Table 30 7), although in one or two samples only a few cells were stained. Staining was predominantly cytoplasmic. These results indicate that the 5-LAC-23 antigen is not only highly expressed in liver cancers compared to other tissue types, but that it is expressed in the majority of human liver cancers from different patients. 44 WO 2005/093048 ~UU44 PCT/CA2005/000456 Table 7. IHC of a Human liver array slide with 5LAC-23 and an IgM isotype control.

See. No.

Age Sex Organ Diagnosis Stage 5LAC-23 Isotype control 1 53 F skin metastatic HCC IVB - - 2 57 M ihrer HCC 1IA - - 3 41 M liver HCC UIA + Cytoplasmic - 4 45 IV! skin metastatic HCC IVB - - 54 F chest wall metastatic HCC IVB + Cytoplasmic - 6 40 M lumbar vertebra metastatic HCC IVB ^Cytoplasmic - 7 52 M liver HCC IIIA + Cytoplasmic - a 43 M bile duct HCC IVA - - 9 51 M colon metastatic HCC IVB - - 49 M bile duct HCC IVA + Blood - 11 56 M liver HCC IIIA * Cytoplasmic - 12 56 F lung metastatic HCC IVB - - 13 40 M lymph node metastatic HCC IIIB + Cytoplasmic - 14 37 M liver HCC IVB + Cytoplasmic - 75 M liver HCC + Cytoplasmic - 16 37 M neck metastatic HCC IVB + Scattered cells - 17 32 M liver HCC IIIA - - 18 50 M femur metastatic HCC IVB + Scattered cells; granular - 19 57 M liver HCC IIIA + Cytoplasmic - 62 M lung metastatic HCC IVA + Scattered cells - 21 61 M lung metastatic HCC IVB - - 22 65 M Ifver moderately differentiated HCC II + Cytoplasmic; Membraneous - 23 52 M liver moderately differentiated HCC + Cytoplasmic - 24 65 M liver poorly differentiated HCC II + Cytoplasmic - 72 M liver well & poorly differentiated HCC II - - 26 58 F liver well differentiated HCC 11 + Cytoplasmic - 27 52 M liver well differentiated HCC II + Cytoplasmic - 28 40 M liver moderately differentiated HCC H + Cytoplasmic - 29 53 F liver moderately differentiated HCC IIIA + Cytoplasmic - 67 M liver moderately differentiated HCC II + Cytoplasmic ■ 31 58 F liver moderately differentiated HCC II + Cytoplasmic - 32 M liver well differentiated HCC IVA + Scattered cells - 33 48 M liver moderately differentiated HCC II ++ Cytoplasmic - 34 47 M liver HCC 1 + Scattered cells - M omentum metastatie HCC IVB * one cell; Cytoplasmic - 36 69 F liver moderately differentiated HCC 11 + Ctyoplasmic - 37 65 M liver well differentiated HCC II •^Cytoplasmic - 38 63 F liver moderately differentiated HCC II + Scattered cells - 39 60 F liver poorly differentiated HCC II + Scattered cells - 40 65 F liver moderately differentiated HCC IIIA - 41 69 F liver poorly differentiated HCC IIIA *■ Scattered cells - 42 66 F liver well differentiated HCC 11 + Cytolpasmic - 43 65 F liver moderately differentiated HCC 1 + Cytoplasmic - . 44 64 M liver poorly differentiated HCC IIIA + Cytoplasmic - 45 59 M liver moderately differentiated HCC IIIA + Cytoplasmic - Example 10 Matched Normal and Liver Tumor Staining Cryo-preserved slides of matched adjacent normal and primary human hepatocellular carcinoma liver tissue (T6235149; AMS Biotechnology Ltd) were defrosted and air dried. They were fixed in acetone for lOmins then washed in wash buffer (PBS with 0.02% Tween-20) twice. Endogenous peroxide activity was blocked by incubation in 0.6% hydrogen peroxide in methanol for 15 minutes. Slides were washed in buffer prior to blocking in 1% horse serum in wash buffer for 20 minutes at RT. They were blocked in 2% BSA (SP-5050; Vector Laboratories Ltd) for a further 20 minutes. Endogenous biotin sites were blocked using an avidin/biotin blocking kit (SP-2001 ;Vector Laboratories Ltd) 45 550044 accordingto the manufacturer's instructions. 5LAC-23, auti-cytokeratin-8 (M0631; Dako Cytomation) and IgM anti-KLH isotype control (550340; BD PharMingen) were incubated with the slides at 5 |ig/mL in 2% BS A/'wash buffer for 60 minutes at RT. Slides were washed three times prior to incubation in goat anti-mouse IgM biotinylated secondary 5 (B9265; Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd) diluted 1:100 in l%horseseiwn/washbufferfor30 minutes at RT. Slides were washed three times and incubated in avidin-HRP, made up according to the mouse IgG Vectastain ABC kit (PK-6102;Vector Laboratories Ltd) for 30 minutes at RT. After washing three times, the slides were colour developed using DAB according to the manufacturer's instructions (SK-4100; Vector Laboratories Ltd). 10 Following a water wash the slides were counterstained with Harris's haematoxylin then washed in copious amounts of water before dehydration and mounted in DPX mounting medium (M/Dl 10/08; Fischer Scientific Ltd).

Figure 14 shows cryo-preserved liver sections from matched normal and tumor tissue from the same individual. Note that cytokeratin 8 (Panel C) localises to normal 15 hepatocytes and binding is restricted to the normal tissue, indicating that some of the sections are a mixture of normal and cancerous tissue. 5LAC-23 only binds to the tumor sample and is specific to the central region that represents the malignant tissue in this section. The sections are negative when stained with the isotype control, indicating that the binding of 5LAC-23 is specific. The staining pattern, from 5LAC-23, showed that in 20 patient samples, the antibody was highly specific for malignant cells thereby making it an attractive draggable target.

Example 11 Induction of Binding in Normal Cells by Altered Growth Conditions Experiments were carried out to investigate whether 5LAC-23 expression could be 25 induced in normal cells under selected conditions. Beas-2B 'normal' lung epithelial cells were grown on flasks uncoated and coated with vitrogen (0.03mg/ml vitrogel; Cohesion Technologies Inc.). Cells were grown in bronchial epithelial growth medium (CC-3170; Clonetics) in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air/5% CO2 at 37°C. When approximately 80% confluent, cells were removed with cell dissociation solution (SIGMA Cat. No. 30 C5914), washed twice in PBS and fixed in 10% formalin for 30 minutes. Cell pellets were dehydrated in alcohol before being suspended in paraffin wax and incubated at 45°C for 60 minutes. The paraffin wax was refreshed three times with a 60 minute incubation at 45°C. After cooling and setting, 3jam sections were cut on a Leica RM 2135 microtome and 46 550044 baked onto glass slides. Sections were stained with 5 jj,g/mL 5LAC-23 or IgM isotype control as for the matched liver samples described above.

Binding of 5LAC-23 to the normal lung epithelial cell line Beas-2B can be seen only when the cells are grown with Vitrogen (Figure 15). No binding of the IgM isotype 5 control can be seen indicating that the binding of 5LAC-23 was specific. These results may imply that under certain conditions, such as in the presence of growth factors, adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix molecules, the expression of antigen of 5LAC-23 can be induced, even in normal cells. Abnormalities in these growth conditions often occur in the malignant and pre-malignant states, and may contribute to altered expression 10 of 37LRP, such as that observed in the hepatocellular carcinomas.

Example 12 Distribution of 5LAC-23 in various human cell lines by Western analyses A survey of human cell lines was performed by Western analyses to assess the distribution of 37LRP and the epitope of 5LAC-23. Cell lysates were prepared from a 15 number of human tumor or transformed cell lines in RIP A buffer with protease inhibitors and Western blots were prepared as described in the 1-Dimensional SDS-PAGE section. Lysates were made from breast cell lines HB4aR4.a (normal breast cells transformed with Ras), HMT 3 522 (normal cells), MCF-7 (tumor cells), MDA-MB-231 (tumor cells); MDA-MB-361 (brain metastasis from breast tumor); an ovarian tumor cell line OVCAR-3; liver 20 cell lines Chang's Liver and HepG2; a melanoma cell line A375; and the colon tumor cell lines DLD-1, LS174T and SW620. Wild type CHO cells were also included since a 37LRP protein has previously been described from the Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus; NCBI Accession number: 298088). Blots were probed with either H-150 or 5LAC-23 as described in the Co-localisation section.

The anti-37LRP antibody H-150 recognises a protein band in all of the cell lines tested, including wild type CHO cells (Figure 16A). Note that there are at least two protein bands in the colon cell line, DLD-1, detected with H-150 indicating the existence of different human isoforms. Although both H-150 and 5LAC-23 bound to a similar sized band in the Westerns, 5LAC-23 bound to the cell lysates in a different pattern to that of H-30 150 (Figure 16B). H-150 detects the 37LRP in all ofthe cell lines, the expression ofthe epitope of 5LAC-23 varies across the different cell lysates and in some is not present. This difference between antibodies is not due to lower affinity of 5LAC-23 for its antigen compared to H-150 for its' antigen as the binding of both antibodies to the CHO cell 47 550044 lysates is similar. 5LAC-23 detects a unique smear of approx. llOkD in the LS174T lysates under non-reducing conditions (Figure 16B, Lane 12). This smear disappears under reducing conditions but there is no increase in the band corresponding to 37LRP precursor (data not shown). These results present further evidence that the epitope recognized by 5 5LAC-23 on 37LRP is unique, compared to the known anti-LRP antibody H-150. 5LAC-23 did not bind to wild type CHO cells by an immunohistochemistry (Transfection section, Example 6), yet does bind to wt CHO lysates by Western under both reducing and non-reducing conditions (Figure 16). This suggests that the epitope of 5LAC-23 may be conformationally dependent and/or that the epitope is not exposed or accessible 10 to the antibody under native conditions.

In toto, this data demonstrates that the 5LAC-23 antigen is a cancer associated antigen and is expressed in humans, and is a pathologically relevant cancer target. Further, this data also demonstrates the binding of the 5LAC-23 antibody to human cancer tissues, and can be used appropriately for assays that can be diagnostic, predictive of therapy, or 15 prognostic. In addition, the cell localization of this antigen is indicative ofthe cancer status of the cell due to the lack of expression ofthe antigen in most non-malignant cells, and this observation permits the use of this antigen, its gene or derivatives, its protein or its variants to be used for assays that can be diagnostic, predictive of therapy, or prognostic.

In toto, this data demonstrates that the 5LAC-23 antigen is a cancer associated 20 antigen and is expressed in humans, and is a pathologically relevant cancer target. Further, this data also demonstrates the binding of the 5LAC-23 antibody to human cancer tissues, and can be used appropriately for assays that can be diagnostic, predictive of therapy, or prognostic. In addition, the cell localization of this antigen is indicative of the cancer status of the cell due to the lack of expression of the antigen in most non-malignant cells, and this 25 observation permits the use of this antigen, its gene or derivatives, its protein or its variants to be used for assays that can be diagnostic, predictive of therapy, or prognostic.

All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual 30 publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

It is to be understood that while a certain form ofthe invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement of parts herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited 48 550044 to what is shown and described in the specification. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. Any oligonucleotides, peptides, polypeptides, biologically related compounds, methods, procedures and 5 techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should 10 be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. 49 550044 What we claim is:

Claims

1. Claim 1. The isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690.

2. Claim 2. The antibody of claim 1, which is a humanized antibody.

3. Claim 3. The antibody of claim 1, which is a chimeric antibody.

4. Claim 4. Antigen binding fragments of the isolated monoclonal antibody of claim 1.

5. Claim 5. Antigen binding fragments of the humanized antibody of claim 2.

6. Claim 6. Antigen binding fragments of the chimeric antibody of claim 3.

7. Claim 7. The isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragments of any one of claims 1 to 6, conjugated with a member selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic moieties, enzymes, radioactive compounds, and hematogenous cells; whereby antibody conjugates are formed.

8. Claim 8. The isolated clone deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690.

9. Claim 9. A binding assay to determine presence of cancerous cells in a tissue sample selected from a human tumor comprising; contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690 or antigen binding fragment thereof; or an antibody conjugate thereof with a tissue sample from said human tumor; and determining binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or antibody conjugate thereof with said tissue sample; whereby the presence of said cancerous cells in said tissue sample is indicated. 50 [^^^uaTproperty 1 1 OFFICF OF i\i z I 2 4 AUG 2009 'RPhpii/cm 550044

10. Claim 10. The binding assay of claim 9 wherein the human tumor tissue sample is obtained from a tumor originating in a tissue selected from the group consisting of colon tissue.

11. Claim 11. A process of isolating or screening for cancerous cells in a tissue sample selected from a human tumor comprising: contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690 or antigen binding fragment thereof; or an antibody conjugate thereof with a tissue sample from said human tumor; and determining binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof or antibody conjugate thereof with said tissue sample; whereby said cancerous cells are isolated by said binding and their presence in said tissue sample is confirmed.

12. Claim 12. The process of claim 11 wherein the human tumor tissue sample is obtained from a tumor originating in a tissue selected from the group consisting of colon tissue.

13. Claim 13. A process for identifying Laminin Receptor 1 Precursor (37LRP) in a tissue sample comprising: contacting said tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said antigenic moiety; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; whereby 37LRP is identified. I 2 4 AiiG 2009 J IBMcejved 550044

14. Claim 14. A method for diagnosing a tissue sample from a patient suffering from a hepatocellular carcinoma comprising: contacting a tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said antigenic moiety; and correlating said binding step to result in a detemination of the presence of 37 LRP in said tissue sample; whereby a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is confirmed.

15. Claim 15. A process for differentiation, treatment, or diagnostic imaging of cells which express 37LRP comprising: providing a sample of isolated cells; contacting a conjugated moiety with said isolated cells, said conjugated moiety including an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, said . antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof being an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to an expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said antigenic moiety characterized as being bound by the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, said isolated monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof being conjugated with at least one member selected from the group consisting of drugs, toxins, enzymes, or radioactive compounds; whereby binding of said conjugated moiety with said cells results in differentiation, treatment, or diagnostic imaging of said cells.

16. Claim 16. A binding assay to determine a presence of cells which express a 37LRP antigenic moiety which specifically binds to the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, or an antigen 2 4 AUG 2009 R EC Pl\/cn 550044 binding fragment thereof comprising: contacting an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with a cell sample, said antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof being an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof which binds to said expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said antigenic moiety characterized as being bound by the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690; and detecting binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with said cell sample; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said cell sample whereby the presence of cells which express a 37LRP antigenic moiety which specifically binds to said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof is determined.

17. Claim 17. The process of claim 13 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a humanized antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

18. Claim 18. The process of claim 13 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a chimeric antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

19. Claim 19. The method of claim 14 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof a humanized antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690. 53 intellectual property OFPICF OF 1\>z. 2 4 AUG 2009 RECEIVED 550044

20. Claim 20. The method of claim 14 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a chimeric antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

21. Claim 21. The process of claim 15 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a humanized antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

22. Claim 22. The process of claim 15 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a chimeric antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

23. Claim 23. The binding assay of claim 16 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a humanized antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

24. Claim 24. The binding assay of claim 16 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof is a chimeric antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

25. Claim 25. Use of a monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as accession number PTA-5690 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a human tumor in a mammal, wherein said tumor expresses an antigen which specifically binds to said monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, said treatment of the human tumor in the mammal comprises administration of the medicament in an amount effective to reduce said mammal's tumor burden, whereby disease progression is delayed and/or survival is extended. 54 ^mtcllectual property 2 4 AUG 2009 I 550044

26. Claim 26. Use of a conjugated moiety comprising an isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof produced by the hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as PTA-5690, which binds to an expressed 37LRP antigenic moiety, said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigenic binding fragment thereof being conjugated with at least one member selected from the group consisting of drugs, toxins, enzymes, or radioactive compounds, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a patient suffering from a cancerous disease.

27. Claim 27. A method for selecting from a group of subjects suffering from cancer those susceptible to treatment with an isolated monoclonal antibody, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37LRP from tissue sample from a subject suffering from cancer, comprising: contacting a tissue sample with the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by a hybridoma cell line deposited with the ATCC as Accession Number PTA-5690, or an antigenic binding fragment thereof, which binds to an antigenic moiety expressed by 37 LRP, said antigenic moiety characterized as being uniquely bound by said isolated monoclonal antibody; and detecting binding of said isolated monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof with said tissue sample; and correlating said binding step to result in a determination of the presence of 37 LRP in said cell tissue sample; whereby a selection of the subject is made.

28. Claim 28 or exemplified. 550044

29. Claim 29. An antigen binding fragment according to claim 4 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

30. Claim 30. An antigen binding fragment according to claim 5 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

31. Claim31. An antigen binding fragment according to claim 6 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

32. Claim 32. An antibody or antigen binding fragment according to claim 7 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

33. Claim 33. A binding assay according to claim 9 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

34. Claim 34. A process according to claim 11 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

35. Claim 35. A process according to claim 13 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

36. Claim 36. A method according to claim 14 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

37. Claim 37. A process according to claim 15 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

38. Claim 38. A binding assay according to claim 16 substantially as herein described or exemplified. 56 I intellectual pntto^tl 550044

39. Claim 39. A use according to claim 25 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

40. Claim 40. A use according to claim 26 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

41. Claim 41. A method according to claim 27 substantially as herein described or exemplified.

42. Claim 42. The use according to claim 26 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody is a humanized antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690.

43. Claim 43. The use according to claim 26 wherein said isolated monoclonal antibody is a chimeric antibody of the isolated monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma deposited with ATCC under Accession Number PTA-5690. 57 24 AUG 2009 Receive nl