NO314312B1 - Defrosting agents and agents that protect against ice formation for aircraft - Google Patents
Defrosting agents and agents that protect against ice formation for aircraft Download PDFInfo
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- NO314312B1 NO314312B1 NO19943643A NO943643A NO314312B1 NO 314312 B1 NO314312 B1 NO 314312B1 NO 19943643 A NO19943643 A NO 19943643A NO 943643 A NO943643 A NO 943643A NO 314312 B1 NO314312 B1 NO 314312B1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZDVMKLYUKZMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCN DZDVMKLYUKZMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylphosphate Chemical compound COP(O)(=O)OC KKUKTXOBAWVSHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(O)(O)=O ZJXZSIYSNXKHEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QPPQHRDVPBTVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(O)(O)=O QPPQHRDVPBTVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
- C09K3/185—Thawing materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Defrosting Systems (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Avisingsmidler og midler som beskytter mot isdannelse for fly (i det følgende for korthets skyld betegnet avisingsmidler eller avisingsvæsker) anvendes for fjernelse av ls, sne og/eller rim fra bestemte flyoverflater og for å forhindre slike avleiringer på disse flatene. Tidsrommet hvori avisingsvæsken gir beskyttelse mot gjendannelse av is, sne og/eller rim på flyet betegnes som gjenisdannelses-beskyttel-sestld eller Eoldovertime. De-icing agents and agents that protect against the formation of ice for aircraft (hereinafter for the sake of brevity referred to as de-icing agents or de-icing liquids) are used to remove ice, snow and/or frost from specific aircraft surfaces and to prevent such deposits on these surfaces. The period of time in which the de-icing fluid provides protection against the re-formation of ice, snow and/or frost on the aircraft is referred to as the re-icing protection period or Eoldovertime.
I GB-A 1.026.150 er det beskrevet en avisingsvæske som i det vesentlige består av glykol og vann som hovedbestanddeler og av en forholdsvis liten mengde av et tertiært amin fra gruppen av etoksylerte fettaminer og minst en korrosjonsinhibitor. Også i US-A 3.412.030 vises det til den for-sterkende virkningen av vannoppløselige tensider ved opptining eller smelting av sne og is. In GB-A 1,026,150, a de-icing liquid is described which essentially consists of glycol and water as main components and of a relatively small amount of a tertiary amine from the group of ethoxylated fatty amines and at least one corrosion inhibitor. US-A 3,412,030 also refers to the reinforcing effect of water-soluble surfactants when thawing or melting snow and ice.
I US-A 4.585.571 beskrives det et avisingsmiddel som i det vesentlige består av glykol som hovedkomponent og en kombinasjon av tre spesielle tensider, og nærmere bestemt et anionisk tensid fra gruppen av fettsyrediaminer, et hydrofilt tensid fra gruppen av mono- eller polyalkoholaminer og et anionisk hydrofilt tensid fra gruppen av sulfaterte eller sulfonerte forbindelser som kobllngsmiddel for de hydrofobe restene i fettsyrediamin og det hydrofile alkoholaminet, Selv om denne avisingsvæsken skal oppvise en lengre varende beskyttelse mot gjenisdannelse, er det imidlertid ikke fullt ut tilfredsstillende, blant annet på grunn av det kompliserte tensidsystemet. US-A 4,585,571 describes a deicing agent which essentially consists of glycol as the main component and a combination of three special surfactants, and more specifically an anionic surfactant from the group of fatty acid diamines, a hydrophilic surfactant from the group of mono- or polyalcohol amines and an anionic hydrophilic surfactant from the group of sulfated or sulfonated compounds as a coupling agent for the hydrophobic residues in the fatty acid diamine and the hydrophilic alcohol amine. Although this de-icing fluid should exhibit a longer-lasting protection against re-formation, it is however not fully satisfactory, among other things due to the complicated surfactant system.
I en rekke publikasjoner på området av avisings- og isdannel-sesbeskyttelsesvæsker for fly, som blant annet dreier seg om forhøyelsen av Holdover-tiden, anbefales det derfor for-tykningsmidler fordi man åpenbart er overbevist om at en forhøyet Holdover-tid bare kan oppnås ved hjelp av for-tykningsmidler, kfr. f.eks. US-A 4.358.389, DE-A-31 42 059 (Derwent-Referat AN 44404K/19), US-A 4.744.913 og EP-B 0.360.183 (Derwent-Referat AN 90/092789/13). De her omtalte avlslngsmldlene består altså i det vesentlige av glykol og vann, minst ett fortykningsmlddel, f.eks. fra gruppen av polyakrylater, minst ett tensid, f.eks. fra gruppen av alkylarylsulfonater og oksalkylerte alkoholer, korrosjonsinhibitorer og eventuelt pH-verdl-reguleringsmidler. Disse fortykkede avlslngsmldlene, dvs. pseudoplastlske væsker med en lkke-Newtonsk-flytoppførsel, utmerker seg sammenlignet med de ufortykkede ved en betydelig lengre beskyttelsestid mot fornyet isdannelse. In a number of publications in the area of anti-icing and anti-icing fluids for aircraft, which, among other things, concern the increase of the holdover time, thickeners are therefore recommended because it is obviously convinced that an increased holdover time can only be achieved by with the help of thickeners, see e.g. US-A 4,358,389, DE-A-31 42 059 (Derwent-Referat AN 44404K/19), US-A 4,744,913 and EP-B 0,360,183 (Derwent-Referat AN 90/092789/13). The thickening agents mentioned here therefore essentially consist of glycol and water, at least one thickening agent, e.g. from the group of polyacrylates, at least one surfactant, e.g. from the group of alkylarylsulfonates and oxalkylated alcohols, corrosion inhibitors and possibly pH-value regulators. These thickened release agents, i.e. pseudoplastic liquids with a non-Newtonian flow behavior, are distinguished compared to the non-thickened ones by a significantly longer protection time against renewed ice formation.
I "Recommendations for De-/Anti-Icing of Alrcraft on the Ground" (utgave mars 1993) fra Association of European Airlines (AEA) spesifiseres to typer av flyavisingsvæsker. AEA-Type-I væsker består i det vesentlige av glykol, vann og korrosjonsinhibitorer samt eventuelt tensider og pH-verdi-reguleringsmidler og AEA-Type-II væsker inneholder i tillegg til dette et fortykningsmlddel. Avisingsvæsker av AEA-Type-I er også de såkalte "Military Speciflcation Fluids" med natrium-di-(2-etylheksyl)-sulfosuccinat som tensid. In the "Recommendations for De-/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground" (issue March 1993) from the Association of European Airlines (AEA) two types of aircraft de-icing fluids are specified. AEA-Type-I liquids essentially consist of glycol, water and corrosion inhibitors as well as possibly surfactants and pH-value regulators, and AEA-Type-II liquids also contain a thickening agent. AEA-Type-I deicing fluids are also the so-called "Military Specification Fluids" with sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate as surfactant.
De viktigste tekniske egenskapene for flyavisingsmidler er en lengst mulig beskyttelse mot fornyet Isdannelse på bæreflatene før start under ekstreme værbetingelser og god avrenning av avisingsmidlet fra skrog og bæreflater ved start av flyet. Videre skal egenskapene for avisingsvæskene ikke påvirkes ved lagring ved temperaturer inntil 100<*>C og ved skjærpåvirkning av væskene ved pumping og spraydyser. Mens de fortykkede avlslngsmldlene nå i stor grad oppfyller kravene med tanke på Holdovertime, flyter de sammenlignet med ufortykkede generelt langsommere av fra bæreflatene. Type-II avisingsmidler er på grunn av deres polymere fortykningsmlddel også vesentlig mer følsomme mot skjærpåvirkning og varme, slik at det ved deres anvendelse er påkrevet med teknisk omstendelige sprayinnretninger. I motsetning til dette er ufortykkede Type-1 avisingsmidler generelt skjær-påvirknings- og temperaturufølsomme og flyter ved start raskere av fra bæreflatene. De viser Imidlertid den vesentlige ulempen med en kortere beskyttelsestid mot fornyet isdannelse. I forsøksmetodene som er beskrevet i de nevnte AEA-Recommendations vedrørende bestemmelsen av Holdovertime, nemlig i "Water Spray Endurance Test" (som simulerer frysende regn) og i "High Humldlty Endurance Test" (som simulerer rimdannelse), kreves det derfor for Type-I væsker bare minst 3 minutter hhv. 20 minutters beskyttelsestid, for Type-II væsker imidlertid under de samme betingelsene minst 30 minutter hhv. 240 minutter. The most important technical properties of aircraft de-icing agents are the longest possible protection against renewed ice formation on the airfoils before take-off under extreme weather conditions and good runoff of the de-icing agent from the fuselage and airfoils when the aircraft takes off. Furthermore, the properties of the de-icing fluids must not be affected by storage at temperatures up to 100<*>C and by shearing of the fluids by pumping and spray nozzles. While the thickened release agents now largely meet the requirements in terms of Holdovertime, compared to non-thickened, they generally flow off the bearing surfaces more slowly. Due to their polymeric thickening agent, Type II deicers are also significantly more sensitive to shearing and heat, so that their use requires technically complex spray devices. In contrast, non-thickened Type-1 deicers are generally shear- and temperature-insensitive and flow off the bearing surfaces more quickly at start-up. However, they show the significant disadvantage of a shorter protection time against renewed ice formation. In the test methods described in the aforementioned AEA Recommendations regarding the determination of Holdovertime, namely in the "Water Spray Endurance Test" (which simulates freezing rain) and in the "High Humldlty Endurance Test" (which simulates frost formation), it is therefore required for Type- In liquids only at least 3 minutes or 20 minutes protection time, for Type-II liquids, however, under the same conditions at least 30 minutes or 240 minutes.
Oppgaven ved oppfinnelsen består følgelig i å finne et AEA-Type-I avisingsmiddel som er enkelt oppbygget og oppviser en forlenget Holdovertime. Den nye avisingsvæsken skal altså forene i seg fordelene av Type-I og Type-II væsker, uten å ha deres negative egenskaper. De skal videre være utformet slik at den brukte væsken på enkel måte kan opparbeides og gjenanvendes. The task of the invention therefore consists in finding an AEA-Type-I deicing agent which is simply structured and exhibits an extended Holdovertime. The new de-icing fluid must therefore combine the advantages of Type-I and Type-II fluids, without having their negative properties. They must also be designed so that the used liquid can be easily processed and reused.
Avlsingsmidlet og beskyttelsesmidlet mot fornyet isdannelse for fly, Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, på basis av glykoler og vann består i det vesentlige av The de-icing agent and protective agent against renewed icing for aircraft, According to the present invention, based on glycols and water consists essentially of
a) 60 til 97 vekt-9É, av minst en glykol fra gruppen av alkylenglykoler med 2 til 3 C-atomer og oksalkylen-glykoler med 4 til 6 C-atomer, b) 0,01 til 1 vekt-#, av minst ett ikke-ionisk tensid fra gruppen av fettalkoholer og de med et laveremole-kylært alkoksld alkoksylerte fettalkoholene med 1 til 10 alkoksid-enheter, fortrinnsvis 1 til 8 alkoksid-enheter, c) 0,01 til 0,8 vekt-Sé, av minst en korrosjonsinhibitor og a) 60 to 97 wt-9É, of at least one glycol from the group of alkylene glycols with 2 to 3 C atoms and oxalkylene glycols with 4 to 6 C atoms, b) 0.01 to 1 wt-#, of at least one non-ionic surfactant from the group of fatty alcohols and the fatty alcohols with a lower molecular weight alkoxylated fatty alcohols with 1 to 10 alkoxide units, preferably 1 to 8 alkoxide units, c) 0.01 to 0.8 wt-Sé, of at least one corrosion inhibitor and
d) vann som rest til 100 vekt-#, hvor vektprosenter er angitt på basis av vekten av midlet. d) water as residue to 100 weight-#, where weight percentages are indicated on the basis of the weight of the agent.
Det ble videre funnet at det kan oppnås en enda høyere verdi for Holdovertime når det som tensidkomponenter anvendes en kombinasjon av det angitte ikke-ionlske tensidet b) og et anionisk tensid b') fra gruppen av alkalimetall-alkylarylsulfonater i en mengde på likeledes 0,01 til 1 vekt-5É, fortrinnsvis 0,1 til 0,5 vekt-£. De to tensidforbindelsene b) og b'), hvorved tensidet b') fremfor alt virker som sprede-middel, anvendes fortrinnsvis i vektforhold på ca. 1 : (0,5 til 1) og spesielt foretrukket i vektforhold på ca. 1:1. It was further found that an even higher value for Holdovertime can be achieved when a combination of the specified non-ionic surfactant b) and an anionic surfactant b') from the group of alkali metal alkylaryl sulphonates is used as surfactant components in an amount of likewise 0, 01 to 1 wt-5É, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt-£. The two surfactant compounds b) and b'), whereby the surfactant b') above all acts as a dispersant, are preferably used in a weight ratio of approx. 1 : (0.5 to 1) and particularly preferred in a weight ratio of approx. 1:1.
Komponent a) av væsken ifølge oppfinnelsen er fortrinnsvis etylenglykol, propylenglykol (1,2-propylenglykol eller 1,3-propylenglykol), dietylenglykol, dipropylenglykol eller en blanding av to eller flere av disse glykolene, hvorved propylenglykoler er spesielt foretrukne. Glykolene tjener fremfor alt til reduksjon av frysepunktet og utgjør ved siden av vann hovedkomponentene av væsken. Component a) of the liquid according to the invention is preferably ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2-propylene glycol or 1,3-propylene glycol), diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or a mixture of two or more of these glycols, whereby propylene glycols are particularly preferred. The glycols above all serve to reduce the freezing point and constitute, alongside water, the main components of the liquid.
Komponent b) er en fettalkohol, dvs. en alkohol med 6 til 24 C-atomer i alkylresten, fortrinnsvis 8 til 18 C-atomer, eller et alkoksylat derav med 1 til 10 C-atomer, fortrinnsvis 1 til 8 C-atomer, av et lavmolekylært alkylenoksld i alkoksylert fettalkohol. Det lavmolekylære alkylenoksidet er fortrinnsvis etylenoksid, propylenoksid eller en blanding derav, hvorved etylenoksid er foretrukket. Den nevnte alkylresten i fettalkohol kan være rettkjedet eller for-grenet, hvorved rettkjedet er foretrukket, og mettet eller umettet med fortrinnsvis 1 til 3 dobbeltbindinger. Som eksempler skal nevnes: Oktyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, isotri-decyl- og stearylalkohol, videre oleyl-, kokosalkyl- og talgalkylalkohol. Komponentene b) kan også være en blanding av de nevnte fettalkoholene og/eller fettalkoholalkoksy-latene, som for eksempel en fettalkoholblanding med en C^-alkylrest og <C>14-alkylrest (<C>i2/<C>14~fettalkohol). Component b) is a fatty alcohol, i.e. an alcohol with 6 to 24 C atoms in the alkyl residue, preferably 8 to 18 C atoms, or an alkoxylate thereof with 1 to 10 C atoms, preferably 1 to 8 C atoms, of a low molecular weight alkylene oxide in an alkylated fatty alcohol. The low molecular weight alkylene oxide is preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or a mixture thereof, whereby ethylene oxide is preferred. The aforementioned alkyl residue in fatty alcohol can be straight-chain or branched, whereby the straight chain is preferred, and saturated or unsaturated with preferably 1 to 3 double bonds. Examples include: Octyl, decyl, dodecyl, isotridecyl and stearyl alcohol, further oleyl, coconut alkyl and tallow alkyl alcohol. The components b) can also be a mixture of the mentioned fatty alcohols and/or fatty alcohol alkoxylates, such as a fatty alcohol mixture with a C₁-alkyl residue and <C>14-alkyl residue (<C>i2/<C>14-fatty alcohol) .
Komponent b') er fortrinnsvis et kalium- og/eller natrium-alkylarylsulfonat med en eller flere, fortrinnsvis en eller to sulfonatgrupper (SO3K- eller SC^Na-grupper), en eller flere, fortrinnsvis en eller to alkylgrupper med 5 til 18 C-atomer, fortrinnsvis 12 til 18 C-atomer, og en eller flere, fortrinnsvis en eller to benzenringer. Foretrukket er alkalimetall- (kalium- og/eller natrium)-alkylbenzensulfo-nater med 12 til 18 C-atomer i alkylgruppen. Idet det ved fremstillingen av alkylarylsulfonater også gås ut fra hydrokarbonblandinger, som eksempelvis dannes ved jordolje-oppredning som fraksjoner, kan alkylgruppen også utgjøre slike blandinger. Derved utgjør antallet karbonatomer fortrinnsvis 12 til 18 (dvs. et midlere antall på 15). Component b') is preferably a potassium and/or sodium alkylaryl sulfonate with one or more, preferably one or two sulfonate groups (SO3K or SC^Na groups), one or more, preferably one or two alkyl groups with 5 to 18 C -atoms, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms, and one or more, preferably one or two benzene rings. Alkali metal (potassium and/or sodium) alkylbenzene sulfonates with 12 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl group are preferred. Since the preparation of alkylarylsulphonates is also based on hydrocarbon mixtures, which are for example formed as fractions by crude oil extraction, the alkyl group can also form such mixtures. Thereby, the number of carbon atoms is preferably 12 to 18 (ie an average number of 15).
Komponentene c) omfatter korrosjonsinhibitorer, som er brukbare for væsker på basis av glykoler og vann. Egnede korrosjonsinhibitorer er alkalimetallfosfater, laverealkylfosfater som etylfosfat, dimetylfosfat, isopropylfosfat og lignende, lmldazoler som lH-imidazol, metylimidazol, benzimldazol og lignende og triazoler som benzotriazol og tolyltriazol, hvorved triazolene er foretrukne. The components c) comprise corrosion inhibitors, which are usable for liquids based on glycols and water. Suitable corrosion inhibitors are alkali metal phosphates, lower alkyl phosphates such as ethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, isopropyl phosphate and the like, lmldazoles such as 1H-imidazole, methylimidazole, benzimldazole and the like and triazoles such as benzotriazole and tolyltriazole, whereby the triazoles are preferred.
Komponent d) er vann. Det anvendes fortrinnsvis fullstendig avsaltet vann. Component d) is water. Completely desalinated water is preferably used.
pH-verdien for AEA-Type-I avisingsvæsker bør utgjøre 6,5 til 10, fortrinnsvis 7 til 9. Såfremt væsken ifølge oppfinnelsen ikke av seg selv oppviser en slik verdi, kan den enkelt Innstilles ved hjelp av egnede pH-regulatorer. Generelt må væsken tilsettes en basisk forbindelse. Egnede basiske forbindelser er slike fra gruppen av alkalimetallhydrokslder, som NaOH og KOH, alkylaminer som butylamln, heksylamln, oktylamin og isononylamin og alkanolaminene som mono-, di- og trietanolamln. Alkalimetallhydroksidene er foretrukne. The pH value for AEA-Type-I de-icing liquids should be 6.5 to 10, preferably 7 to 9. If the liquid according to the invention does not of itself exhibit such a value, it can easily be set using suitable pH regulators. In general, a basic compound must be added to the liquid. Suitable basic compounds are those from the group of alkali metal hydroxides, such as NaOH and KOH, alkylamines such as butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine and isononylamine and the alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine. The alkali metal hydroxides are preferred.
Fremstillingen av avislngsmldlet og beskyttelsesmidlet mot fornyet Isdannelse Ifølge oppfinnelsen foregår ved sammen-blanding av de enkelte (kjente og kommersielt tilgjengelige) komponentene i en hvilken som helst rekkefølge, hvilket for eksempel kan foretas i en beholder utstyrt med rører. The production of the de-icing agent and the protective agent against renewed ice formation According to the invention takes place by mixing the individual (known and commercially available) components in any order, which can for example be done in a container equipped with stirrers.
Avislngsmldlet ifølge oppfinnelsen oppviser alle fordeler ved ufortykkede avisingsvæsker og har videre en Holdovertime som ligger betydelig over den verdien som kreves for AEA-Type-I væsker. Det forener følgelig såvel fordelene av ufortykkede som også de forfortykkede væsker. Dette er et uventet resultat. Frem til den seneste tiden gikk nemlig fagmiljøet åpenbart ut fra at en lengre Holdovertime ved væsker på basis av glykoler og vann bare kan oppnås ved hjelp av fortyknlngs-midler. The deicing agent according to the invention exhibits all the advantages of unthickened deicing fluids and furthermore has a Holdovertime that is significantly above the value required for AEA-Type-I fluids. It therefore combines both the advantages of non-thickened and pre-thickened liquids. This is an unexpected result. Until recently, the professional community obviously assumed that a longer holding time with liquids based on glycols and water can only be achieved with the help of thickeners.
Ved anvendelsen for avising og konservering av flyflåtene som skal behandles anvendes avislngsmldlet enten som sådant, dvs. konsentrert, eller fortynnet med vann, fortrinnsvis 1 forhold på 1 : 1. Påføringen av avislngsmldlet på flatene som skal behandles kan gjennomføres ved påsprøytnlng med de vanlige anordningene, som spraydyser og lignende. In the application for de-icing and preservation of the aircraft fleets to be treated, the de-icing agent is used either as such, i.e. concentrated, or diluted with water, preferably 1 ratio of 1:1. The application of the de-icing agent to the surfaces to be treated can be carried out by spraying with the usual devices , such as spray nozzles and the like.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere ved hjelp av eksempler og sammenlignlngseksempler. The invention shall be described in more detail by means of examples and comparative examples.
Eksempel 1: Example 1:
Det ble fremstilt et avisingsmiddel og beskyttelsesmiddel mot fornyet Isdannelse ifølge oppfinnelsen ved blanding av følgende komponenter (konsentrat): Dette avislngsmldlet har en pH-verdi på 9. Holdover-tiden ble bestemt ifølge "AEA Water Spray Endurance Test" (test 1) og ifølge "AEA High Humidity Endurance Test" (test 2), og nærmere bestemt for den konsentrerte formuleringen og den med - vann 1 : 1 fortynnede formuleringen. Verdiene er sammenfattet nedenfor: A de-icing agent and protective agent against renewed ice formation was produced according to the invention by mixing the following components (concentrate): This de-icing agent has a pH value of 9. The holdover time was determined according to the "AEA Water Spray Endurance Test" (test 1) and according to "AEA High Humidity Endurance Test" (test 2), and more specifically for the concentrated formulation and the formulation diluted with - water 1 : 1. The values are summarized below:
Sammenligningseksempel 1: Comparison example 1:
Eksempel 1 ble gjentatt, imidlertid under utelukkelse av den etoksylerte fettalkoholen. Følgende komponenter ble altså blandet: Example 1 was repeated, however excluding the ethoxylated fatty alcohol. The following components were thus mixed:
Testen av midlet med pH-verdi 9 foregikk som i Eksempel 1: The test of the agent with a pH value of 9 took place as in Example 1:
Eksempel 2: Example 2:
Ved dette eksemplet Ifølge oppfinnelsen ble komponentene nedenfor blandet: In this example, according to the invention, the following components were mixed:
Testen av midlet med pH-verdi 9 foregikk som I Eksempel 1: The test of the agent with a pH value of 9 took place as in Example 1:
Sammenllgnlngseksempel 2: Comparison example 2:
Eksempel 2 ble gjentatt, Imidlertid under utelukkelse av den etoksylerte fettalkoholen. Følgende komponenter ble altså blandet: Example 2 was repeated, however excluding the ethoxylated fatty alcohol. The following components were thus mixed:
Testen av midlet med pH-verdi 9 foregikk som i Eksempel 1: The test of the agent with a pH value of 9 took place as in Example 1:
Eksempel 3: Example 3:
Et avisingsmiddel og beskyttelsesmiddel mot fornyet isdannelse ifølge oppfinnelsen ble fremstilt ved blanding av følgende komponenter: A de-icing agent and protective agent against renewed ice formation according to the invention was produced by mixing the following components:
Dette avislngsmldlet har en pH-verdi på 9. Det ble testet ved bare den viktigste test 1: This deicing solution has a pH value of 9. It was tested by only the most important test 1:
Eksempel 4: Example 4:
Ved dette eksemplet ifølge oppfinnelsen ble komponentene nedenfor blandet: In this example according to the invention, the components below were mixed:
Dette avislngsmldlet har en pH-verdi på 9. Det ble bare testet ved den viktigste test 1: This deicing solution has a pH value of 9. It was only tested in the most important test 1:
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4333646A DE4333646A1 (en) | 1993-10-02 | 1993-10-02 | De-icing and anti-icing agents for aircraft |
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NO943643D0 NO943643D0 (en) | 1994-09-30 |
NO943643L NO943643L (en) | 1995-04-03 |
NO314312B1 true NO314312B1 (en) | 2003-03-03 |
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NO19943643A NO314312B1 (en) | 1993-10-02 | 1994-09-30 | Defrosting agents and agents that protect against ice formation for aircraft |
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EP (1) | EP0646634B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3959126B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE170209T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2133372C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ287716B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4333646A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0646634T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI111548B (en) |
HU (1) | HU214225B (en) |
IS (1) | IS1863B (en) |
NO (1) | NO314312B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL175400B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2141990C1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK116994A3 (en) |
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US4923814A (en) * | 1986-05-09 | 1990-05-08 | Electropore, Inc. | High speed, high power apparatus for vesicle prealignment, poration, loading and fusion in uniform electric fields and method therefor |
US5772912A (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 1998-06-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Environmentally friendly anti-icing |
DE19816796A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-21 | Clariant Gmbh | Anti-icing agents for aircraft |
US7169321B2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2007-01-30 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids |
US7105105B2 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2006-09-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Deicing/anti-icing fluids |
AU2006231888B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-04-21 | Nof Corporation | Frost-preventive composition |
GB0605235D0 (en) | 2006-03-15 | 2006-04-26 | Kilfrost Ltd | Aircraft-de-/anti-icer |
WO2011103295A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions for deicing/anti-icing |
US9243176B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2016-01-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions for deicing/anti-icing |
US9080092B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2015-07-14 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Compositions for deicing/anti-icing |
RU2525553C1 (en) * | 2013-06-25 | 2014-08-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "АВИАФЛЮИД Интернешнл" | Method of step-by-step obtaining composition of thickener of anti-icing liquid and thickener composition |
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US4585571A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-04-29 | Michael A. Bloom | Deicing compositions |
US5968407A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1999-10-19 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Aircraft deicing fluid with improved anti-icing and ice adhesion control properties |
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1993
- 1993-10-02 DE DE4333646A patent/DE4333646A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1994
- 1994-09-24 EP EP94115072A patent/EP0646634B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-24 AT AT94115072T patent/ATE170209T1/en active
- 1994-09-24 DK DK94115072T patent/DK0646634T3/en active
- 1994-09-24 DE DE59406765T patent/DE59406765D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-28 SK SK1169-94A patent/SK116994A3/en unknown
- 1994-09-29 IS IS4216A patent/IS1863B/en unknown
- 1994-09-29 FI FI944527A patent/FI111548B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-30 RU RU94035992/04A patent/RU2141990C1/en active
- 1994-09-30 CA CA002133372A patent/CA2133372C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-30 JP JP23754994A patent/JP3959126B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1994-09-30 NO NO19943643A patent/NO314312B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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FI944527A (en) | 1995-04-03 |
CA2133372C (en) | 2003-03-25 |
PL305262A1 (en) | 1995-04-03 |
HUT68287A (en) | 1995-06-28 |
CZ240594A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
IS4216A (en) | 1995-04-03 |
JPH07166158A (en) | 1995-06-27 |
RU94035992A (en) | 1996-07-20 |
EP0646634B1 (en) | 1998-08-26 |
NO943643D0 (en) | 1994-09-30 |
RU2141990C1 (en) | 1999-11-27 |
JP3959126B2 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
DK0646634T3 (en) | 1999-05-25 |
EP0646634A1 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
PL175400B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 |
IS1863B (en) | 2003-04-15 |
ATE170209T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
HU9402812D0 (en) | 1995-01-30 |
CA2133372A1 (en) | 1995-04-03 |
SK116994A3 (en) | 1995-04-12 |
HU214225B (en) | 1998-01-28 |
FI111548B (en) | 2003-08-15 |
FI944527A0 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
DE59406765D1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
CZ287716B6 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
NO943643L (en) | 1995-04-03 |
DE4333646A1 (en) | 1995-04-06 |
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