NO311688B1 - Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, samtanvendelse av det resirkulerte materiale ved fremstilling avildfaste produkter, samt nevnte ildfaste produkter - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, samtanvendelse av det resirkulerte materiale ved fremstilling avildfaste produkter, samt nevnte ildfaste produkter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO311688B1 NO311688B1 NO19960508A NO960508A NO311688B1 NO 311688 B1 NO311688 B1 NO 311688B1 NO 19960508 A NO19960508 A NO 19960508A NO 960508 A NO960508 A NO 960508A NO 311688 B1 NO311688 B1 NO 311688B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- refractory
- electrolysis cells
- calcined
- chamotte
- raw material
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/20—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches for dry-pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/30—Drying methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62675—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering characterised by the treatment temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/608—Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6565—Cooling rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
- C04B2235/721—Carbon content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
- C04B2235/724—Halogenide content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbruddmateriale fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, så vel som anvendelse av det resirkulerte materiale som råstoff ved fremstilling av ildfaste produkter, samt nevnte ildfaste produkter.
Den samlede mengde av elektrolysecellebruddmaterialer SPL) utgjør 15-50 kg/tonn produsert primæraluminium. I dette er katodematerialet (karbon og jern) så vel som sideoppbygnin-gen og overbygget (spesielt SiC-steiner, karbonmasse) inneholdt. Det egentlige underbygg (isolasjon bestående av ildfaste sjamottesteiner, lette ildfaste steiner, kalsiumsilikat-plater, aluminiumoksidprodukter) utgjør 6,22 kg/tonn produsert aluminium. Som giftige, spesielt vannoppløselige bestanddeler skal cyanider 0,002-0,6 % og fluor 5-20 % nevnes.
Fra teknikkens stand er forskjellige metoder for å behandle den samlede SPL kjent. Disse metoder kan deles i ut-lutningsmetoder og termiske prosesser. Alle disse metoder tar enten sikte på en separering av de kjemiske (ufarlige, delvis igjen anvendbare, f.eks. kryolitt) bestanddeler eller SPL blir behandlet på omstendelig måte slik at sluttproduktet kan anvendes som landfyllingsmateriale. Generelt blir ved ovnsopp-brytning det brukte ildfaste materiale under katoden tatt hånd om separat fra det øvrige SPL-materiale (forskjellig sterkt forurensende stoffer).
Fra SU 617435 er en masse for fremstilling av porøse, ikke-ildfaste teglsteiner kjent som inneholder fluorholdig avfall fra aluminiumproduksjonen i en andel på 12-22 vekt% som magringsmiddel. Som fluorholdig avfall fra aluminiumproduksjonen kan også den brukte foring fra elektrolyseovner anvendes .
Opplysninger angående behandling hhv. opparbeidelse av disse materialer kan imidlertid ikke utledes fra denne vei-ledning. For de steiner som er fremstilt i henhold til denne fremgangsmåte, dreier det seg ikke om tette, ildfaste steiner, men om tegl med et vannopptak > 12 %. Disse tegl inneholder dessuten ytterligere utbrenningsstoffer, mens det karbon som er inneholdt i SPL-materialet skal oksideres ved fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse.
Fra SU 1717584 er en råblanding for fremstilling av leirtegl for katodefåringen til en aluminiumelektrolyseovn kjent. Istedenfor det fluorholdige avfall fra aluminiumproduksjonen skal her imidlertid pulveret av utslaget fra det øver-ste sjikt av katodesokkelen til en aluminiumelektrolyseovn anvendes. For leirtegl fremstilt i henhold til denne fremgangsmåte dreier det seg likeledes ikke om et ildfast arbeids-materiale fordi temperaturen for begynnende mykning skal ned-settes. Dessuten blir også her utbrenningsstoffer tilsatt.
Det tas ved oppfinnelsen sikte på å fremskaffe en fremgangsmåte ved hjelp av hvilken forurenset tidligere ildfast materiale, spesielt for aluminiumelektrolyseceller, kan tilføres en økonomisk gjenutnyttelse.
Ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen blir omvandlingen av det forurensede materiale til et råstoff som er anvendbart for fremstilling av tykke, ildfaste sjamottesteiner og teglsteiner, muliggjort. Forbundet med dette er kryolittbestandighet for de ildfaste sjamottesteiner og mins-kning av steinbrenningstemperaturene for ildfaste sjamottesteiner av teglsteiner.
Med oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes en fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved at
a) materialet forhåndsfindeles til en kornstørrelse på
< 10 mm, b) det på denne måte forbehandlede materiale kalsineres ved en temperatur fra 350 til 850 °C, c) det kalsinerte materiale blir deretter finmalt, og d) det således opparbeidede materiale anvendes som råstoff i en andel på 0,1-12 vekt% av den samlede
charge ved fremstilling av ildfaste produkter, spesielt av tette ildfaste sjamottesteiner.
Kalsineringen utføres fortrinnsvis ved 650 °C, og innenfor det angitte temperaturområde blir giftige cyanider som er inneholdt i dette materiale ødelagt, og dessuten oppnås deloksidasjon av restkarbon. På grunn av den lave temperatur fås et minimum av fluorutslipp. Etter kalsineringen blir materialet finmalt, og derved fås en homogenisering av det kalsinerte materiale. Det på denne måte opparbeidede materiale blir deretter anvendt som råstoff ved fremstilling av ildfaste produkter, i en andel av 0,1-12 vekt% i forhold til den samlede sats, spesielt for fremstilling av ildfaste sjamottesteiner for foring av elektrolyseceller. Den foreliggende fremgangsmåte innbefatter således et lukket kretsløp for resirkulering av elektrolysecellebrudd.
Ifølge et annet særtrekk ved oppfinnelsen kan det resirkulerte materiale også anvendes som råstoff for teglat steinfremstilling, hvorved brenntemperaturen eventuelt kan reduseres.
Med oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes også en ildfast stein, spesielt en sjamottestein som er særpreget ved at chargen foruten det for ildfaste steiner vanlige bindemiddel, leire og sjamotte inneholder 5-10 vekt% av et råstoff som består av bruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller som er blitt kalsinert ved en temperatur på 350-850°C og malt til en kornstørrelse på < 0,5 mm.
Det kalsinerte malte ildfaste bruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller har ifølge et foretrukket trekk ved oppfinnelsen en sammensetning av:
Med oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes også et råstoffmateriale for fremstilling av ildfaste keramiske produkter, så som sjamottesteiner, sjamottegranulater eller lignende, spesielt for anvendelse i aluminiumelektrolyseceller, spesielt som tilsetning til forøvrig vanlige råstoffblandinger, og råstoff-materialet er særpreget ved at det består av ovnsbruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller kalsinert ved 350-850 °C henholdsvis glødet og eventuelt forurenset.
Med oppfinnelsen tilveiebringes også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av råstoffmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved at bruddmateriale, spesielt fra underbygget for og/eller isolasjonsmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller,
a) kalsineres hhv. glødes ved temperaturer fra 350 til 850 °C inntil ødeleggelse av for-
urensende stoffer, spesielt inntil øde-
leggelse av cyanider, og inntil fortrinnsvis i det minste delvis oksidasjon av restkarbon,
b) materialet behandlet ifølge a) avkjøles og
males til en kornstørrelse < 0,5 mm.
Nedenfor vil oppfinnelsen bli nærmere forklart ved hjelp av et utførelseseksempel. Det anvendte kalsinerte og malte bruddmateriale fra en aluminiumelektrolysecelle (SPL) har den følgende gjennomsnittlige kjemiske sammensetning an-gitt i vekt%: Eksempler
Råstoffene ble blandet under tilsetning av ca. 5,5 vekt% vann i et intensivt blandeapparat. Det kalsinerte og malte SPL-materiale ble tilsatt blandingsprosessen som den siste faste råstoffkomponent. Den samlede blandingstid utgjorde ca. 15 minutter. Blandingene ble formet til steiner på en hydraulisk stempelpresse ved et pressetrykk på 40-50 MPa. De oppnådde tettheter for formstykkene i rå tilstand utgjorde 2,2 0 g/cm<3>. De tørkede steiner (24 timer ved 110 °C) ble brent i 4 timer ved forskjellige temperaturer (se tabellen), og oppvarmings- og avkjølingshastighetene utgjorde begge ca. 100 °C/h.
De målte egenskapsverdier for arbeidsmaterialprøvene var:
For arbeidsmaterialprøvene for brenningsserien 1000 °C/4h ble kryolittbestandigheten undersøkt. For dette formål ble teglsteiner med dimensjonene (ca.) 114 x 114 x 64 mm fremstilt med en sentral boring (diameter ca. 59 mm og boredybde ca. 40 mm). Ved teglsteinstesten ble en pulverblanding bestående av 60 vekt% kryolitt og 40 vekt% NaF anvendt. 160 g av denne pulverblanding ble fylt i boringen til de tørkede prøve-stykker og ble deretter kapslet med et lokk av arbeidsmateri-alet som skulle testes. Testtemperaturen var 950 °C, oppvarm-ingshastigheten 4 °C/min og holdetiden 24 h. Etter avsluttet forsøk ble teglsteinene skåret diagonalt, og som mål på kryolittbestandigheten ble den ødelagte flate vurdert (visuelt) .
På overraskende måte viser arbeidsmaterialprøvene fremstilt med SPL-materiale ingen forringelse av kryolittbestandigheten sammenlignet med prøven uten SPL-tilsetning, og omfanget av ødelagt flate er tendensmessig mindre.
Claims (10)
1. Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, karakterisert ved at a) materialet forhåndsfindeles til en kornstørrelse < 10 mm, b) det på denne måte forbehandlede materiale kalsineres ved en temperatur fra 350 til 850 °C, c) det kalsinerte materiale blir deretter finmalt , d) det således opparbeidede materiale anvendes som råstoff i en andel på 0,1-12 vekt% av den samlede charge ved fremstilling av ildfaste produkter, spesielt av tette ildfaste sj amottesteiner.
2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at kalsinering utføres ved en temperatur på ca. 650 °C.
3. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1 og 2, karakterisert ved at det således opparbeidede materiale anvendes som råstoff ved teglsteinfremstil-ling.
4. Ildfast stein, spesielt sjamottestein, karakterisert ved at chargen foruten det for ildfaste steiner vanlige bindemiddel, leire og sjamotte inneholder 5-10 vekt% av et råstoff som består av bruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller som er blitt kalsinert ved en temperatur på 350-850°C og malt til en kornstørrelse på < 0,5 mm.
5. Ildfast stein ifølge krav 4, karakterisert ved at det kalsinerte og malte ildfaste bruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller oppviser en midlere kjemisk sammensetning på
6. Råstoffmateriale for fremstilling av ildfaste keramiske produkter, så som sjamottesteiner, sjamottegranulater eller lignende, spesielt for anvendelse i aluminiumelektrolyseceller, spesielt som tilsetning til forøvrig vanlige råstoffblandinger, karakterisert ved at det består av ovnsbruddmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller kalsinert ved 350-850 °C henholdsvis glødet og eventuelt forurenset.
7. Materiale ifølge krav 6, karakterisert ved at det oppviser en korn-størrelse på under 0,5 mm.
8. Materiale ifølge krav 6 eller 7, karakterisert ved at det oppviser den føl-gende sammensetning:
9. Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et råstoffmateriale ifølge ett eller flere av kravene 6 til 8, karakterisert ved at bruddmateriale, spesielt fra underbygget for og/eller isolasjonsmateriale fra aluminiumelektrolyseceller, a) kalsineres hhv. glødes ved temperaturer fra 350 til 850 °C inntil ødeleggelse av forurensende stoffer, spesielt inntil ødeleggelse av cyanider, og inntil fortrinnsvis i det minste delvis oksidasjon av restkarbon, b) materialet behandlet ifølge a) avkjøles og males til en kornstørrelse < 0,5 mm.
10. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 9, karakterisert ved at bruddmaterialet forhåndsfindeles til en kornstørrelse < 10 mm før temperaturbe-handlingen.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19504141A DE19504141A1 (de) | 1995-02-09 | 1995-02-09 | Verfahren zum Recycling von Feuerfestmaterial |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO960508D0 NO960508D0 (no) | 1996-02-08 |
NO960508L NO960508L (no) | 1996-08-12 |
NO311688B1 true NO311688B1 (no) | 2002-01-07 |
Family
ID=7753461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO19960508A NO311688B1 (no) | 1995-02-09 | 1996-02-08 | Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, samtanvendelse av det resirkulerte materiale ved fremstilling avildfaste produkter, samt nevnte ildfaste produkter |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0726233B1 (no) |
DE (2) | DE19504141A1 (no) |
NO (1) | NO311688B1 (no) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19722788A1 (de) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Segl | Bodenauskleidung einer Aluminiumelektrolysezelle |
CZ302929B6 (cs) * | 2007-01-05 | 2012-01-18 | Palla@Karel | Použití brusných kalu z výroby konglomerovaného kamene jako prísady do základní jílovité suroviny pro cihlárské, hrncírské a obdobné keramické výrobky |
DE102013022099A1 (de) | 2013-12-21 | 2015-06-25 | ingitec Engineering GmbH | Recycling von Spent Pot Lining |
ITUB20154270A1 (it) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-09 | Bottega Del Fuoco Di Davoli E C Snc | Composizione per materiale refrattario |
CN109942279B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2021-09-03 | 广东清大同科环保技术有限公司 | 一种铸造废料制备的普通烧结砖 |
CN110452003A (zh) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-15 | 郑州瑞泰耐火科技有限公司 | 一种以废弃硅莫砖为主原料合成耐火砖及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU617435A1 (ru) * | 1976-10-06 | 1978-07-30 | Красноярский Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского Института Строительных Материалов И Конструкций Им.П.П.Будникова | Керамическа масса |
JPS5448813A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-04-17 | Nippon Keikinzoku Sougou Kenki | Method of making red mud sintered body |
SU1717584A1 (ru) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-03-07 | Братский алюминиевый завод | Сырьева смесь дл изготовлени глин ного кирпича дл катодной футеровки алюминиевого электролизера |
RU2020140C1 (ru) * | 1991-07-08 | 1994-09-30 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Братский алюминиевый завод" | Сырьевая смесь для изготовления глиняного кирпича (ее варианты) |
-
1995
- 1995-02-09 DE DE19504141A patent/DE19504141A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-02-01 EP EP96101389A patent/EP0726233B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-01 DE DE59604977T patent/DE59604977D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-02-08 NO NO19960508A patent/NO311688B1/no unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19504141A1 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
EP0726233A2 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
NO960508L (no) | 1996-08-12 |
DE59604977D1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
EP0726233B1 (de) | 2000-04-19 |
EP0726233A3 (de) | 1996-10-09 |
NO960508D0 (no) | 1996-02-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Menezes et al. | Use of granite sawing wastes in the production of ceramic bricks and tiles | |
Uslu et al. | Use of boron waste as an additive in red bricks | |
Guo et al. | Novel glass ceramic foams materials based on red mud | |
RU2143410C1 (ru) | Способ производства стеклокерамической плитки из использованной футеровки тиглей для выплавки алюминия (варианты) и стеклокерамическая плитка | |
Mueller et al. | The manufacture of lightweight aggregates from recycled masonry rubble | |
US6818055B2 (en) | Porous silicate granular material and method for producing it | |
Kockal | Utilisation of different types of coal fly ash in the production of ceramic tiles | |
Basegio et al. | Vitrification: An alternative to minimize environmental impact caused by leather industry wastes | |
CN107720723A (zh) | 一种全面处理铝电解槽废槽衬的方法 | |
Monfort et al. | Evolution of fluorine emissions during the fast firing of ceramic tile | |
NO311688B1 (no) | Fremgangsmåte for resirkulering av sterkt forurenset ovnsbrudd fra elektrolyseceller innen aluminiumindustrien, samtanvendelse av det resirkulerte materiale ved fremstilling avildfaste produkter, samt nevnte ildfaste produkter | |
US6132574A (en) | Bottom lining for electrolytic cells and process for its manufacture | |
Petrovskiy et al. | Use of leaching cake from refractory lining of dismantled electrolysers in cement production | |
Taurino et al. | Physical-mechanical properties of new green building materials based on glass waste | |
KR20140077872A (ko) | 재생 알루미노실리케이트로부터 세라믹 물품의 형성 방법 | |
Faeghinia | Porous Bulk Specimens in C a O‐M g O‐S i O 2 Systems Using Steel Slag and Altered Additives by Conventional Sintering | |
JP2005089267A (ja) | 耐火材 | |
Roa et al. | Modelling the effect of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic composites filled with foundry sand waste | |
WO1992021633A1 (en) | Manufacture of ceramic products | |
AU2012205190B2 (en) | Waste Treatment Process | |
RU2123481C1 (ru) | Сырьевая смесь для получения керамзита | |
EP0779258B1 (en) | A method for baking or calcination of shaped carbon bodies in a furnace and a packing material for use in the same | |
CN102414141A (zh) | 使用冷轧和热轧机污泥生产人工轻骨料的方法 | |
KR100202731B1 (ko) | 폐알루미늄드로스의 재처리방법 | |
RU2082688C1 (ru) | Способ получения легкого заполнителя для бетона |