NL2035104A - Lithium electrolyte and application thereof in graphite fluoride secondary battery - Google Patents

Lithium electrolyte and application thereof in graphite fluoride secondary battery Download PDF

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NL2035104A
NL2035104A NL2035104A NL2035104A NL2035104A NL 2035104 A NL2035104 A NL 2035104A NL 2035104 A NL2035104 A NL 2035104A NL 2035104 A NL2035104 A NL 2035104A NL 2035104 A NL2035104 A NL 2035104A
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lithium
electrolyte
graphite fluoride
battery
discharge
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NL2035104A
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NL2035104B1 (en
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Sun Wei
Liu Wan
Huang Yuhao
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Univ Hainan Normal
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/5835—Comprising fluorine or fluoride salts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a lithium electrolyte and an application thereof in a graphite fluoride secondary battery. The lithium electrolyte includes an electrolyte and an organic solvent; the electrolyte mainly includes lithium iodide, and the organic solvent is N,N—Dimethylpropyleneurea. Experimental results show that when the lithium electrolyte is used, the flrst-cycle output of commercial graphite fluoride cathodes is close to a specific capacity of a theoretical value, reversible charge and discharge can be realized within a voltage range of 2-3.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) subsequently, stable circulation is performed by more than 20 cycles, the discharge voltage platform is near 3.2 V (vs. Li/Li+), and the discharge capacity can reach 250 mAh g'l. Moreover, the lithium electrolyte involved in the present invention is well compatible with waste graphite fluoride cathodes and porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture electrodes.

Description

LITHIUM ELECTROLYTE AND APPLICATION THEREOF IN GRAPHITE
FLUORIDE SECONDARY BATTERY
TECHNICAL FIELD
[01] The present invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a lithium electrolyte and an application thereof in a graphite fluoride secondary battery.
BACKGROUND ART
[02] The development of human society is closely related to the progress of energy technology. Efficient energy production, transportation and storage are the themes of modern electric society. By 2025, the sales volume of new vehicles of new energy vehicles will reach about 20% of the total sales volume of new vehicles. A high- performance and low-cost rechargeable storage technology is the key to realize green development. At present, graphite fluoride (CFx) is widely applied as the cathode material in primary lithium batteries due to its high specific capacity (865 mAh g™! for x=1), high energy density (2,180 Wh kg!) and low self-discharge rate.
[03] The working mechanism of CF, electrode is: xLi*+ CF, — xLiF + C, which is accompanied by the formation of solid electrolyte interfacial films, recombination of electrode structure and other phenomena. Considering the solvation of Li" cations, both the working potential and kinetic process of the battery are affected by electrolyte salt concentration and solvent type. Due to the C-F covalent bond, CF, has a poor electric conductivity and a slow electrode reaction rate. Moreover, the electrode reaction product
LiF causes great electrode structure damage and is difficult to decompose under moderate conditions. Therefore, reversible energy storage has still to be realized in
Li/CF, battery systems, and the resource waste and environmental pollution caused by waste batteries are self-evident.
SUMMARY
[04] The objective of the present invention is to solve the irreversibility of Li/CFx batteries. When the lithium electrolyte provided by the present invention is used, the high initial energy output of commercial CFx cathode is ensured, and a reversible specific capacity of about 200 mAh g™! between 2 V-3.4 V (vs. Li/Li*) can be achieved.
Moreover, the electrolyte provided by the present invention is well compatible with waste CF, electrodes and porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture electrodes.
[05] To achieve the aforesaid objective, the present invention provides a lithium electrolyte, and such lithium electrolyte is applied in a Li/CF, battery to realize reversible charge and discharge of CFx cathodes:
[06] In the above-mentioned technical solution, the lithium electrolyte includes an electrolyte and an organic solvent.
[07] In the above-mentioned technical solution, the organic solvent is N,N-
Dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU).
[08] Inthe above-mentioned technical solution, the lithium salt is lithium iodide, and a molarity of the lithium salt in the organic solvent is 0.5 mol L™! - saturated.
[09] In the above-mentioned technical solution, an anode material of the Li/CFx battery is at least one of lithium metal, graphite and lithium titanate, and the separator is glass fiber filter.
[19] In the above-mentioned technical solution, an electrolyte of the Li/CFy battery is the lithium electrolyte described herein.
[11] In the above-mentioned technical solution, a cathode material of the graphite fluoride secondary battery is graphite fluoride, or waste graphite fluoride, or carbon fluoride, or a porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture.
[12] In the above-mentioned technical solution, a molar ratio of the fluorine to the carbon in the cathode material of the Li/CF battery is 0.01-0.99.
[13] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The lithium electrolyte provided by the present invention is low-cost, easy to obtain and simple to prepare. Reversible charge and discharge can be realized for the
Li/CFx battery containing the lithium electrolyte provided by the present invention. The initial discharge capacity of the battery using commercial CFx cathode (CFoss and
CF.) reaches 600 mAh gt and 1,120 mAh g™! respectively, and the battery can cycle more than 20 times between 2 V-3.4 V (vs. Li/Li") subsequently with an output capacity fluctuates within a range of 100 mAh g7-300 mAh gl. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the lithium electrolyte provided by the present invention has a good effect on the CF, electrodes from waste batteries and the porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture electrodes, exhibiting a good compatibility and commercialization potential.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[14] The present invention will be further described below in detail in combination with accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[15] FIG. 1 shows a voltage-specific capacity curve in the first 3 cycles of the batteries prepared in examples 1-3 of the present invention,
[16] FIG. 2 shows a voltage-specific capacity curve in the first 3 cycles of the batteries prepared in examples 3-5 of the present invention.
[17] FIG. 3 shows a correlation graph among a specific discharge capacity, a coulombic efficiency and a cycle index of the batteries prepared in examples 3-5 of the present invention.
[18] FIG. 4 shows a voltage-specific capacity curve in the first 3 cycles of the batteries prepared in examples 6 and 7 of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[19] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments. It 1s obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of, rather than all of, the embodiments of the present invention. On the basis of the embodiments in the present invention, all the other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts should fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
[20] There is no special limitation to sources of all the raw materials used in the following embodiments, and these raw materials can be commercially available or can be prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled 1n the art. There is no special requirement for a preparation process of the electrodes used, and the electrodes can be prepared according to conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
[21] Example 1
[22] A 0.5 mol L*+lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was graphite fluoride (CFo 56), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 uL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, discharged to 2 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V.
[23] As shown in FIG. 1, an initial discharge voltage platform of the battery was 2.25
V-2.3 V (vs. Li/Li"), and a discharge capacity was about 330 mAh gt. In the subsequent cycle, reversible capacity of about 50 mAh gt can be realized for the battery, and the discharge voltage platform was near 3.2 V (vs. Li/Li"). It was indicated that the graphite fluoride (CFo.s6) cathode had certain reversibility in the 0.5 mol L lithium iodide solution.
[24] Example 2
[25] A saturated (about 1.4 mol Lt) lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was graphite fluoride (CFos6), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 uL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, discharged to 2 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2
V-34V,
[26] As shown in FIG. 1, as the viscosity of the saturated lithium iodide solution is high and the ionic movement is difficult, an initial discharge voltage platform of the battery was 2.0 V-2.2 V (vs. Li/Li"), and a discharge capacity was about 90 mAh gt.
The subsequent reversible capacity of the battery kept stable at about 170 mAh g*, and the discharge voltage platform was near 3.2 V (vs. Li/Li"), indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo ss) cathode had a high reversible capacity in the saturated lithium iodide solution.
[27] Example 3
[28] A 1 mol Lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was graphite fluoride (CF 56), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 uL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt.
[29] From FIG. 1, it can be seen that an initial discharge voltage platform of the battery was 2.25 V-2.5 V (vs. Li/Li"), and a discharge capacity was about 600 mAh g™';
the subsequent reversible capacity reached 150 mAh g!, and the discharge voltage platform was near 3.2 V (vs. Li/Li"), indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo.s6) cathode could provide a high reversible capacity in the 1 mol L™ lithium iodide solution, and the battery performance was better.
[30] As shown in FIG. 3, the battery could realize more than 20 cycles in a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V, the discharge capacity of the battery fluctuated within a range of 125 mAh g7-225 mAh gt, and a coulombic efficiency also fluctuated near 50%, indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo.s6) cathode could realize stable charge- discharge cycles to a certain extent. [BI] Example 4
[32] A 1 mol L* lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was graphite fluoride (CFo.ss), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 uL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, discharged to 2 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V.
[33] Asshownin FIG. 2, an initial discharge voltage platform of the battery was 2.25
V-2.3 V (vs. Li/Li"), and a discharge capacity was about 1,120 mAh gt. Considering some experimental errors and an adsorption capacity of porous carbon, the performance of the electrode was close to a theoretical limit capacity (1,094 mAh gl) of CFoss.
Moreover, the subsequent discharge voltage platform of the battery was near 3.2 V (vs.
Li/Li"), and the discharge capacity reached 300 mAh g!, indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo.66) cathode could provide a high reversible capacity in the 1 mol Lt lithium iodide solution, and the battery performance was better.
[34] From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the battery could realize more than 20 cycles in a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V, the discharge capacity of the battery fluctuated within a range of 250 mAh g+-310 mAh g!, and a coulombic efficiency was between 60%-70%, indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo.6s) cathode had a better cyclic stability.
[35] Example 5
[36] A 1 mol L lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was graphite fluoride (CFo90), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 uL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, discharged to 2 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V.
[37] Asshown in FIG. 2, an initial discharge voltage platform of the battery was 2.25
V-2.5 V (vs. Li/Li*), and a discharge capacity was about 800 mAh gt. Considering some experimental errors and an adsorption capacity of porous carbon, the performance of the electrode was close to a theoretical limit capacity (865 mAh gt) of CF. Moreover, the subsequent discharge voltage platform of the battery was near 3.2 V (vs. Li/Li"), and the discharge capacity was stable at about 200 mAh g, indicating that the graphite fluoride (CFo.99) cathode could provide a high reversible capacity in the 1 mol L™! lithium iodide solution, and the battery performance was better.
[38] From FIG. 3, it can be seen that the battery could realize more than 30 cycles in a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V, the discharge capacity of the battery fluctuated near 250 mAh gt, and a coulombic efficiency was maintained near 60%, indicating that the graphite fluoride (CF.99) cathode had a better cyclic stability.
[39] Example 6
[40] A 1 mol Lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was a waste graphite fluoride (CF s6) electrode (note: the electrode was removed from a waste graphite fluoride primary battery, and used after immersing and washing with DMPU), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 pL. The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V- 3.4 V at a current density of 0.05 A gt.
[41] As shown in FIG. 4, the waste graphite fluoride (CFy 356) cathode could realize reversible charge and discharge within 2 V-3.4 V, a discharge voltage platform was near 3.25 V (vs. Li/Li"), and a discharge capacity was maintained at about 200 mAh gt, indicating that the 1 mol L* lithium iodide solution was well compatible with the waste graphite fluoride (CFo.s6) cathode.
[42] Example 7
[43] A 1 mol Lithium iodide solution was prepared in a glove box, with a solvent of DMPU. The prepared solution was kept static for 12 h. With the resulting solution as an electrolyte, a CR2302 coin cell was assembled in the glove box, wherein an anode was a lithium sheet, a cathode was a porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture (C: LiF = 1:1 by mol.), a separator was glass fiber filter, and an electrolyte dosage was 200 pL.
The assembled battery was kept static at 25°C for 12 h, and subjected to constant current charge-discharge test within a voltage range of 2 V-3.4 V at a current density of 0.05 A gl
[44] As shown in FIG. 4, the porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture cathode could realize reversible charge and discharge within 2 V-3.4 V, and an initial specific discharge capacity of the battery was about 300 mAh gt, and gradually decreased with an increased number of cycles, indicating that the 1 mol L* lithium iodide solution could be compatible with the porous carbon-lithium fluoride mixture cathode.
[45] The above-mentioned description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be noted that some improvements and modifications may also be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications should also fall into the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
[46] The above-mentioned description of the disclosed embodiments enables the realization and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but should accord with the widest extent consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

ConclusiesConclusions 1. Lithiumelektrolyt, omvattende een elektrolytzout en een organisch oplosmiddel.1. Lithium electrolyte, comprising an electrolyte salt and an organic solvent. 2. Lithiumelektrolyt volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het organische oplosmiddel N,N-dimethylpropyleenureum is.The lithium electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is N,N-dimethylpropylene urea. 3. Lithiumelektrolyt volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het elektrolytzout hoofdzakelijk lithiumjodide omvat, en een molariteit van het elektrolytzout in het organische oplosmiddel 0,5 mol L*l-verzadigd is.The lithium electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte salt mainly comprises lithium iodide, and a molarity of the electrolyte salt in the organic solvent is 0.5 mol L*l-saturated. 4. Secundaire grafietfluoridebatterij, die is vervaardigd van het lithiumelektrolyt volgens conclusie 1.A secondary graphite fluoride battery made from the lithium electrolyte of claim 1. 5. Secundaire grafietfluoridebatterij volgens conclusie 4, waarbij de batterij hoofdzakelijk een kathodemateriaal, een anodemateriaal en een elektrolyt omvat.The secondary graphite fluoride battery according to claim 4, wherein the battery mainly comprises a cathode material, an anode material and an electrolyte. 6. Secundaire grafietfluoridebatterij volgens conclusie 5, waarbij het kathodemateriaal ten minste één van grafietfluoride, gefluoreerde koolstof en een poreus mengsel van koolstof en lithiumfluoride is; het anodemateriaal ten minste één van lithiummetaal, grafiet en lithiumtitanaat is; de elektrolyt als beschreven in conclusie 1 is.The graphite fluoride secondary battery of claim 5, wherein the cathode material is at least one of graphite fluoride, fluorinated carbon and a porous mixture of carbon and lithium fluoride; the anode material is at least one of lithium metal, graphite and lithium titanate; the electrolyte is as described in claim 1. 7. Kathodemateriaal volgens conclusie 6, waarbij een molaire verhouding van het fluor tot de koolstof in het kathodemateriaal 0,01-0,99 is; het grafietfluoride mag commercieel beschikbare producten zijn of mag verkregen zijn van afgedankte primaire grafietfluoridebatterijen op basis van lithium.The cathode material of claim 6, wherein a molar ratio of the fluorine to the carbon in the cathode material is 0.01-0.99; the graphite fluoride may be commercially available products or may be obtained from discarded primary lithium-based graphite fluoride batteries.
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US10388983B2 (en) * 2015-08-24 2019-08-20 Nanotek Instruments, Inc. Rechargeable lithium batteries having an ultra-high volumetric energy density and required production process
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