MX2012014954A - High roll density fibrous structures. - Google Patents

High roll density fibrous structures.

Info

Publication number
MX2012014954A
MX2012014954A MX2012014954A MX2012014954A MX2012014954A MX 2012014954 A MX2012014954 A MX 2012014954A MX 2012014954 A MX2012014954 A MX 2012014954A MX 2012014954 A MX2012014954 A MX 2012014954A MX 2012014954 A MX2012014954 A MX 2012014954A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
roll
fibrous structure
inches
paper
fibrous
Prior art date
Application number
MX2012014954A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Kevin Benson Mcneil
Original Assignee
Procter & Gamble
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter & Gamble filed Critical Procter & Gamble
Publication of MX2012014954A publication Critical patent/MX2012014954A/en

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/002Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31FMECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/07Embossing, i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing, e.g. using rolls provided with complementary profiles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65HHANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00Winding webs
    • B65H18/08Web-winding mechanisms
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/002Tissue paper; Absorbent paper
    • D21H27/004Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters
    • D21H27/005Tissue paper; Absorbent paper characterised by specific parameters relating to physical or mechanical properties, e.g. tensile strength, stretch, softness
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/02Patterned paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31FMECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F2201/00Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
    • B31F2201/07Embossing
    • B31F2201/0707Embossing by tools working continuously
    • B31F2201/0715The tools being rollers
    • B31F2201/0723Characteristics of the rollers
    • B31F2201/0733Pattern
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31FMECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F2201/00Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
    • B31F2201/07Embossing
    • B31F2201/0707Embossing by tools working continuously
    • B31F2201/0715The tools being rollers
    • B31F2201/0723Characteristics of the rollers
    • B31F2201/0738Cross sectional profile of the embossments

Abstract

A roll of fibrous structure. The fibrous structure can be embossed and have a basis weight of less than about 45 pounds per 3000 square feet. The roll can have a roll diameter greater than about 6.5 inches and a roll density of greater than about 0.09 grams per cubic centimeter. The roll can also have a dispensed to effective caliper ratio of greater than about 1.01.

Description

FIBROUS STRUCTURES FOR HIGH DENSITY ROLLS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fibrous structures, to processes for manufacturing these fibrous structures and to tissue paper health products comprising these fibrous structures.
I BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Fibrous structures, for example, tissue paper sanitary products, such as paper and tissue paper, are well known in the industry. These fibrous structures are widely used in the form of toilet paper (eg, toilet paper), tissues and kitchen towels (eg, towels, paper), which are collectively referred to as Tissue paper sanitary products. Frequently, these fibrous structures are provided in a roll to facilitate their dosing by a user. For example, the provision of paper towels in a roll is known, and the roll is a continuous web of paper having periodic perforation lines that allow the user to detach and use the individual sheets.
Consumers of rolled fibrous structures, such as rolled paper products, desire structures that are smooth, smooth and absorbent. Substrates using "through-air drying" (TAD) technology, for example, enjoy great consumer acceptance. In addition, consumers want fibrous structures that have aesthetically pleasing characteristics, such as etching, and recorded fibrous structures and engraving processes are well known. in the industry. Consumers also want rolls of paper products that have a high number of sheets, such as toilet paper or paper towels that have a larger screen length, so that a greater number of sheets can be provided (for a size of given sheet).
Rolls of fibrous structures comprising sheets of relatively high density in rolls of relatively high density are known.
I Similarly, rolls of fibrous structure comprising sheets of relatively low density in the form of rolls of relatively low density are known.
In addition, rolls of fibrous structure comprising sheets of relatively high density in roll formats of low relative density are also known. However, consumers continue to desire more sheets and / or longer roll durations of low density fibrous structures. In other words, consumers i they desire rolls of fibrous structure comprising sheets of relatively low density in rolls of relatively high density. \ Additionally, consumers want aesthetic characteristics, such as engravings, on tissue paper health products to be maintained throughout the product's lifetime. For example, consumers want engravings and / or resistances to be maintained, such as compressive forces, c) that apply to engravings. Consumers want engravings to be maintained, to a large extent, from the start of a new roll of tissue paper to the end of the roll. i Unfortunately, provide a high number of sheets and / or a duration I The greater the roll to the consumer is complicated, due to the desire of the consumer to have aesthetic characteristics, such as engravings. Due to various user limitations, such as the space for larger roll sizes, the number of sheets (or rolled-up length) that consumers can use is also limited. A roll of tightly rolled paper towels, for example, can supply more sheets per roll, but due to the required pressure on the weft, tight rolling produces the flattening of the engravings, the reduction of the sheet gauge, the degradation of the absorption characteristics and a general loss of other attributes desired by the consumer.
Therefore, there is a need to have a fibrous structure that can be wound onto a roll having a relatively high roll density and still continue to exhibit a dosed sheet with parameters acceptable to the consumer, such as softness, strength, clarity of engraving and / or engraving height, and speed and absorption capacity.
Additionally, there is a need to have a roll of fibrous structure in which the fibrous structure can be wound to produce a relatively high with respect to the fibrous structures in roll of the but in which the fibrous structure retains an important amount of engraving clarity, absorption capacity, caliber, smoothness or the like desired by the consumer.
Additionally, there is a need to produce products of fibrous structures in high density rolls, such as tissue paper for the bathroom or kitchen, which offer the consumer more product with respect to the roll products of the previous industry, but which can be used in existing dosing devices.
Furthermore, there is a need to have a recorded fibrous structure comprising one or more engravings, especially, artistic engravings of lines that are resistant to the forces applied to the engravings, particularly, when the fibrous structure is a tissue paper health product in a roll format.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention satisfies the needs described above.
In one example of the present invention, a roll of fibrous structure is described. The fibrous structure can be etched and has a basis weight of less than about 73.2 grams per square meter (approximately 45 pounds per 3000 square feet). The roll may have a roll diameter greater than about 16.5 cm (6.5 inches) and a roll density of approximately 0.09 grams per cubic centimeter. The roll may also have a ratio between the gauge in the dosage and the effective gauge greater than about 1.01.
In another example of the present invention, a recorded fibrous structure, for example, a fibrous structure comprising a line engraving, exhibits an engraved sidewall angle greater than 15 ° and / or greater than 20 ° and / or greater than 25 °, and / or greater than 30 °, and / or greater than 35 °, and / or greater than 40 °, and / or greater than 45 ° and / or greater than 50 °, as measured in accordance with the Method of the engraved side wall angle test described in the present description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1 is a table showing the size at the dosage compared to that of the rolled state for a substrate dosed from rolls of fibrous substrates of the present invention; Figure 2 is a table showing the absorption capacity for substrates dosed from rolls of fibrous substrates of the present invention; Figure 3 is a table showing the absorption rate for substrates dosed from rolls of fibrous substrates of the present invention; Figure 4 is a representation of an embodiment of an engraved 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 is a chart showing the engraving depth for I substrates dosed from rolls of fibrous substrates of the present invention; Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an engraving apparatus; Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an etching apparatus; Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of an etching apparatus; Figure 9 is a perspective view of a male engraving roller; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a female engraving roller; Figure 11 is a diagram of a side view of an apparatus for winding rolls; Figure 12 is a diagram of a support frame used in the I HFS and VFS test methods described in the present disclosure; \ Figure 13 is a diagram of a cover of a support frame used in the HFS and VFS Test Methods described in the present description; Y I Figure 14 is a diagram of a configuration for the CRT Test Method.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions "Fibrous structure", as used in the present description, means a structure comprising one or more filaments and / or fibers. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention means an ordered arrangement of filaments and / or fibers within a structure to fulfill a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures of the present invention include paper, fabrics (including woven, knitted and non-woven fabrics) and absorbent pads (eg, for diapers or feminine hygiene products).
Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures include the known wet laying and air laying processes used for papermaking. Typically, these processes include steps for preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a moist medium, more specifically, in an aqueous medium, or a dry, more specifically, gaseous medium, that is, with air as a medium. The aqueous medium used for wet laying processes is often referred to as fiber pulp. Then, the pulp of fibers is used to deposit a plurality of fibers on a forming band or wire so that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, which after drying and / or bonding the fibers together produces a fibrous structure. Processing can be carried out! of the fibrous structure in such a way that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure which is wound on a reel at the end of the papermaking process and which can be converted; subsequently, in a finished product, for example, a sanitary paper product.
The fibrous structure of the present invention can be produced in the form of a roll of fibrous structure, as is common in the production of toilet paper and paper towels. Rolled fibrous structures are typically supplied on a cardboard core. The fibrous structure of the present invention has particular utility in been rolled tightly in the shape of a roll. The fibrous structure can be etched, air-dried (TAD) paper having relatively low density in a web and being wound on a roll having a relatively high roll density.
The fibrous structure of the present invention can exhibit a basis weight of from about 10 g / m2 to about 120 g / m2, or from about 15 g / m2 to about 110 g / m2, or from about 20 g / m2 to about 100 g / m2 or approximately 30 to 90 g / m2. Additionally, the fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit a basis weight of from about 40 g / m2 to about 120 g / m2, or from about 50 g / m2 to about 110 g / m2, or from about 55 g / m2 to about 105 g / m2 or approximately 60 to 100 g / m2. ! The fibrous structure of the present invention can exhibit a total dry tensile strength greater than about 59 g / cm (150 g / inches), or from about 78 g / cm (200 g / inches) to about 394 g / cm (1000 g / inches) or approximately 98 g / cm (250 g / inches) to approximately 335 g / cm (850 g / inches). In addition, the fibrous structure of the present invention can exhibit a total dry tensile strength greater than about 196 g / cm (500 g / inches) and / or from about 196 g / cm (500 g / inches) to about 394 g / cm (1000 g / inches), and / or from about 216 g / cm (550 g / inches) to about 335 g / cm (850 g / inches) (600 g / inches) at approximately 315 g / cm fibrous structure exhibits a total dry tensile strength of less than about 394 g / cm (1000 g / inches) and / or less than about 335 g / cm (850 g / inches).
In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention1 can exhibit a total dry tensile strength greater than about 196 g / cm (500 g / inches), and / or greater than about 236 g / cm (600 g / inches) ) and / or greater than about 276 g / cm (700 g / inches), and / or greater than about 315 g / cm (800 g / inches), and / or greater than about 354 g / cm (900 g / inches), and / or greater than about 394 g / cm (1000 g / inches), and / or about 315 g / cm (800 g / inches) at approximately 1968 g / cm (5000 g / inches), and / or approximately 354 g / cm (900 g / inches) to about 1181 g / cm (3000 g / pulsed), and / or from about 354 g / cm (900 g / inches) to about 984 g / cm (2500 g / inches) and / or from about 394 g / cm (000 g / inches) to about 787 g / cm (2000 g / inches).
The fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit a total initial wet tensile strength of less than about 78 g / cm (200 g / inches), and / or less than about 59 g / cm (150 g / inches), and /? less than about 39 g / cm (100 g / inches) and / or less than about 29 g / cm j (75 g / inches).
The fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit a total initial wet tensile strength greater than about 118 g / cm (300 g / inches), and / or greater than about 157 g / cm (400 g / inches), and greater than about 315 g / cm (800 g / inches), and / or greater than about 354 g / cm (900 g / inches), and / or greater than about 394 g / cm (1000 g / inches), and / or about 118 g / cm (300 g / inches) to about 968 g / cm (5000 g / inches), and / or from about 157 g / cm (400 g / inches) to about 1181 g / cm (3000 g / inches), and / or about 196 g / cm (500 g / inches) at about 984 g / cm (2500 g / inches), and / or from about 196 g / cm (500 g / inches) to about 787 g / cm (2000 g / inches) and / or about 196 g / cm ( 500 g / inches) at approximately 591 g / cm (1500 g / inches).
The fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit a density (measured at 14.7 g / cm2 (95 g / in2)) less than about 0.60 g / cm3, and / or less than about 0.30 g / cm3, and / or less than about 0.20 g / cm3, and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm3, and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm3, and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm3, and / or from about 0.01 g / cm3 to ap ' approximately 0.20 g / cm3 and / or from approximately 0.02 g / cm3 to approximately 0.10 g / cm3.
When wound on a core having a core diameter from outside to outside of about 4.3 cm (1.7 inches), as is common with paper towels and toilet paper, the fibrous structures of the present invention may exhibit a roll density of at least about 0.09 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc), or at least about 0.11 g / cc, or at least about 0.15 g / cc, or at least about 0.25 g / cc, or at least about 0.35 g / cc, or at least about 0.40 g / cc or at least about 0.42 g / cc.
The fibrous structure of the present invention can exhibit a total absorption capacity in accordance with the Horizontal Full Sheet Test Method (HFS) described in the present invention greater than about 10 g / g, and / or greater than about 12 g / g, and / or greater than about 15 g / g, and / or from about 15 g / g to about 50 g / g and / or to about 40 g / g and to about 30 g / g.
The fibrous structure of the present invention may exhibit a vertical full sheet (VFS) value, as measured by the Vertical Full Sheet Test Method (VFS) described in the present invention, greater than about 5 g / g, and / or greater than about 7 g / g, and / or greater than about 9 g / g, and / or from about 9 g / g to about 30 g / g and / or to about 25 g / g and / or to about 20 g / g and / or at approximately 17 g / g.
The fibrous structure of the present invention may be in the form of rolls of fibrous structures. These rolls of fibrous structures may comprise a continuous fibrous web having a plurality of sheets of fibrous structure; The sheets are joined by a perforation line that allows each sheet to be dosed separately from the adjacent sheets. Typically, the lines of peroration are uniformly spaced to provide a sequential dosing of sheets with substantially equal sizes so that the perforation lines can be described as periodic perforation lines defining fibrous substrate sheets. In example, one or more ends of the fibrous web roll may comprise an adhesive and / or an agent for dry strength in order to mitigate the loss of fibers, especially wood pulp fibers, from the ends of the roll of fibrous structure.
The fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise one or more additives, such as softening agents, temporary wet strength agents, permanent wet strength agents, bulk softening agents, lotions, silicones, wetting agents, latexes, especially latexes applied to surface patterns, dry strength agents, such as carboxymethyl cellulose and starch, inks, colorants and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and / or on the fibrous structure.
"Fiber" and / or "Filament", as used in the present description, refer to an elongated particle having an apparent length that greatly exceeds its apparent width, i.e., a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. For the purposes of the present invention, a "fiber" is an elongate particulate, as described above, having a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 inches), and a "filament" is an elongate particulate, as described previously, having a length greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 inches).
Typically, the fibers are considered discontinuous by Non-limiting examples of fibers include wood pulp fibers and shortened, such as polyester.
Typically, the filaments are considered continuous or practically continuous in nature. The filaments are relatively longer than the fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include spunblown and / or spunbond filaments. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be spun into filaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and synthetics which include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or filaments I polyvinyl alcohol derivatives, and thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins, such as polypropylene filaments, filaments of polycaprolactone. The filaments can be single-component or multi-component, such as bicomponent filaments.
In an example of the present invention, "fiber" refers to fibers i used in the manufacture of paper. The papermaking fibers useful in the present invention include the cellulose fibers that are commonly known as pulp fibers. wood. Some useful wood pulps include chemical pulps, for example, Kraft, sulphite and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, crushed wood, thermomechanical pulps and chemically modified thermomechanical pulps. However, chemical pulps may be preferred, since they impart a superior tactile feel of softness to the sheets of fabric made with them. Pulps derived from deciduous trees (hereinafter referred to as "hardwood") and coniferous (hereinafter referred to as "softwood") can be used. The fibers of hardwoods and softwoods can be mixed or, alternatively, they can be deposited in layers to provide a stratified network. The patents of the USA. num. 4,300,981 and 3,994,771 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing the layers of hardwood and softwood fibers. Also useful in the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain one or all of the mentioned fiber categories and other non-fibrous materials, such as fillers and adhesives, which facilitate the original papermaking process.
In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers, such as cotton, rayon, lyocel and bagasse fibers, can be used in the present invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fibers or that can be spun into fibers come from grasses and grains.
As used in the present description, "tissue paper health product" or "toilet paper" or "toilet paper" refers to a soft, low density web (ie, a basis weight <of about 0.15 g / cm 3) useful as a cleaning implement for post-urination and post-defecation hygiene (toilet paper), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (disposable handkerchiefs) and for multifunctional absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towels). The product tissue paper sanitary can roll on itself around a core or without a core to form a roll of sanitary paper product.
As used in the present description, "tissue paper for kitchen" or "paper towel" refers to a weft useful as a cleaning implement for absorbing and í clean up spills in the kitchen. Obviously, paper towels are also very useful outside the kitchen. ! As used in the present description, "basis weight" is the weight per unit area of a sample indicated, generally, in pounds / 3000 ft2 or g / rin As used in the present description, "machine direction" or "MD" means the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the machine making the fibrous structures and / or the equipment that manufactures the sanitary paper product. \ "Transverse direction to the machine" or "CD" (for its acronym n English), as used in the present description, means the direction parallel to the width of the machine that i manufactures fibrous structures and / or the equipment that makes the product of sanitary paper, perpendicular to the direction of the machine.
"Sheet," as used in the present description, means' an individual and integral fibrous structure.
As used herein, "sheets" means two or more individual and integral fibrous structures arranged in a substantially continuous face-to-face relationship with each other that form a multi-leaf fibrous structure and / or a multi-sheet health paper product. . It is further contemplated that an individual and integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multi-leaf fibrous structure, for example, by bending over itself. I i As used in the present description, "roll diameter" refers to the diameter of a roll of fibrous structure, such as a roll of paper towels or a roll ! of toilet paper, measured in accordance with the Roll Test Method described in the present description. I As used in the present description, the articles "a" and "an" ? when used in the present description, for example "an anionic surfactant" or i "a fiber", it is understood that they mean one or more of the material claimed or t describes j All percentages and proportions are calculated by weight, unless indicated otherwise. All percentages and proportions are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
| Unless otherwise specified, all! the levels of the component or composition are expressed with reference to that asset level I component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in the available sources.
A fibrous structure of the present invention can be rolled into a roll i of family format for consumers of toilet paper and paper towels, but i it differs from rolls of the prior industry in that the fibrous structure of the present invention can be tightly wound to produce a roll of fibrous structure having a roll diameter greater than about 15.2 cm (6 inches), or greater than about 16.5 cm (6.5 inches), or greater than approximately 17.8 cm (7 inches), or greater than approximately 20.3 cm (8 inches), as measured by the Roll Diameter Test Method. ! A fibrous structure of the present invention can be rolled into a roll of familiar format for consumers of toilet paper and paper, but which differs from rolls of the prior industry in that the fibrous structure of the present invention can be tightly wound to produce a roll of fibrous structure having a roll density greater than about 0., 09, and / or greater than about 0.10. , and / or greater than about 0.1 1, and / or greater than about 0.12, and / or greater than about 0.13, and / or greater than about 0.14 and / or greater than about 0.15 g / cc, as measured by the Method of roll density test.
A fibrous structure of the present invention may be a paper web that is wound onto a roll of fibrous structure; the paper web has a basis weight before winding of at least about 32.6, or! at least about 46.7, or at least about 48.8 to one less than about 73.2 or less than about 65.1 grams per square meter (about 20 or at least about 25 or at least about 30 to one less than about 45 or about one less than about 40 pounds per 3000 square feet), and the roll of fibrous structure can have a roll diameter of at least about 16.5 cm (6.5 inches), or at least about 17.8 cm (7 inches), or at least about 20.3 cm (8 inches), and a roll density greater than about 0.09, and / or greater than about 0.10, and / or greater than about 0.1 1, and / or greater than about 0.12, and / or greater than about 0.13, and / or greater than about 0.14 and / or greater than about 0.15 g / cc.
A fibrous structure of the present invention can be a through-air dried paper (TAD) web formed as a continuous web comprising periodic perforation lines, as is known in the toilet paper industry and paper towels. The weft can be wound to a roll diameter or less than about 6 inches, or less than about 16.5 cm (6 5 inches), or less than about 17.8 cm (7 inches), or less than about 20.3 cm (8 inches), and still provide a frame length of at least about 1000, or at least about 1200, or at least about 1400, or at least about 1800, or at least about 2000, or at least about 2200 or more at least approximately 61.0 meters (2400 inches). In addition, a roll of fibrous structure having a screen length of at least about 25.4 meters (1000 inches) or 30.5 meters (1200 inches) and may have a paper web having a basis weight of less than about 73.2 grams per square meter (approximately 45 pounds by 3,000 square feet), and a ratio between the gauge in the dosage and the rolled state gauge of at least about 1.01, or at least about 1.03, or at least about 1.05 or about at least approximately 1.07.
A roll of fibrous structure of the present invention can have individual sheets of the paper product, each sheet defined by periodic sequential perforations on CD (as is common in toilet paper products and paper towels of the prior industry); the roll has at least 100, or at least 120, or at least 140 or at least 150 sheets of at least 700 square centimeters each, or at least 140, or at least 170 or at least 200 sheets of at least 400 square centimeters each, or at least 450, or at least 475 or at least 500 sheets of at least 100 square centimeters each. In one embodiment, a roll of fibrous structure can have sheets that have an area of at least 90 square centimeters. In each case, the paper can have a basis weight less than approximately 65.1 grams per square meter (40 pounds! per 3000 square feet). In each case, the paper may be engraved. In each case, $ \ paper can be TAD paper.
The fibrous structures engraved and / or TAD are particularly desired by consumers of toilet paper and paper towels. The present invention is a roll of fibrous structure that can provide recorded fibrous substrates and / or TAD in high density roll formats so that a consumer receives relatively softer paper and i relatively more absorbent (as compared to paper not etched and / or not produced by TAD technology) per roll without exceeding a roll diameter which makes the roll unwieldy or unusable in a consumer dosing device. The present invention provides recorded fibrous substrates and / or TADs in a high density roll so that after dosing by a consumer the paper product retains the desired characteristics, such as gauge, etch clarity (wall angle j depth) and properties of absorption.
As shown in the graph of Figure 1, a roll of fibrous structure i of the present invention can exhibit fibrous structure properties that include a i gauge in the dosage. This means that the size of the fibrous structure of the present invention increases after being dosed with respect to its size in the rolled state. Table 1 below shows the data set of Figure 1, the data of which represents various properties of sizes and rolls for the same fibrous structure, which is a two-sheet TAD paper having a basis weight of approximately 45.6 grams per year. square meter (approximately 28 pounds per 3000 square feet), and produced by the I use of rubber-to-steel engraving and hybrid rolling, as described in more detail ahead. The substrate had a wet burst strength of 300 grams, as measured by the Wet Burst Test Method described below. The data in Table 1 and Figure 1 show that a fibrous structure of the present invention can have a ratio between the size in the dosage and the effective size of up to about 1.45. It is believed that the relationship between the size in the dosage and the effective size can be higher with a pretreatment of silicones or polyquaternary compounds, as described in detail below.
Table 1: Properties of the roll compared to those of the dosage In addition, the data in Table 1 shows that even at a minimum roll compression capacity of 1.9%, as measured by the Roll Compression Capability Test Method, the fibrous structures of the present invention can retain a gauge in the dosage greater than the effective size of the rolled state. The compression capacity of the roll is inversely proportional to the I roll density. That is, when the compression capacity of the roll; decreases, the density of the roll increases. The increase in roll density s; e translates into supplying more paper in a roll (on a per diameter basis) to consumers. Therefore, a benefit of the present invention is the ability to supply more product to the consumer in a roll having a diameter usable by a consumer, without data from Table 2 and Figure 2 show that a fibrous structure of the present invention can withstand tight wrapping on a roll so that the roll compression capacity is as low as 1.9% without any appreciable loss of absorbency of the fibrous structure when dosed from the roll. The absorption capacity is measured in accordance with the CRT Test Method described below.
Table 2: Absorption capacity As shown in Figure 3, a fibrous structure of the present invention can be provided in a high density roll format but which, however, retains an absorption speed equivalent to that of the fibrous structure before being wound onto a roll. Table 3 below shows the data set of i Figure 3, whose data represent various properties of sizes and rolls for the same fibrous structure, which is the same TAD paper tested for the data of the Table 1. The data in Table 3 and Figure 3 show that a fibrous structure of the present invention can withstand tight wrapping on a that the compression capacity of the roll is as low as 1.9% without any appreciable loss of the absorption rate of the fibrous structure when dosed from the roll. The absorption rate is measured in accordance with the CRT Test Method described below.
Table 3: Absorption rate The engraving characteristics important for the aesthetics desired by the consumer include the engraving depth and engraving wall angles. It is believed that both the engraving depth and the engraving wall angles contribute to a visual impression of the engraving quality. The quality of the engraving of a fibrous structure of the present invention was determined according to an etching pattern; 100, as shown in Figure 4. The engraving pattern shown in Figure 4 includes at least three types of typical engravings on substrates used for toilet paper or paper towels. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the engravings may have engravings of lines 102, such as the portion of petals of the engraving pattern of Figure 4, small dots 104 and larger dots 106. Generally, the engravings of lines 102 they are engraved for which the length of the engraving is substantially longer than the engraving width. In the engraving pattern of Figure 4 under test, the am: ho of the line engraving 102 is approximately 0.102 cm (0.04 inches) and may be about 0.102 to about 0.152 cm (about 0.04 to about 0.06 inches) wide. Generally, small dot engravings can have a diameter (or longer dimension) of about 0.005 cm (0.002 inches) to about 0.254 cm (0.10 inches). In the engraving pattern of Figure 4 under test, the diameter of the small dot engraving 104 is approximately 0.127 cm (0.05 inches). Generally, engravings of large dots may have a diameter (or longer dimension) of approximately 0.254 cm (0.10 inches) to at least about 0.762 cm (0.30 inches). In the engraving pattern of Figure 4 under test, the diameter of the small dot engraving 106 is approximately 0.432 cm (0.17 inches).
The fibrous structures of the present invention can retain both a relatively high wall angle and a deep depth relative engraving depth. Table 4 below shows the etching characteristics of three different embodiments of fibrous structures, each with the etching pattern shown in Figure 4 and manufactured in accordance with the method described in US Pat. UU num. 7,687,140 and 7,704,601, each of them incorporated herein by reference in this description. All samples were stored as a flat sheet for 3 weeks with a load on the samples of 31 grams or 62 grams per square centimeter (200 grams or 400 grams per square inch) to emulate a range of compression forces that can be found in a coiled roll of relatively high density. The samples were subsequently analyzed with the Engraving Depth Test Method and the Engraving Wall Angle Test Method, which analyzed the topography of the engraving structure after storage under load.
Table 4: Engraving characteristics As shown in Table 4, the fibrous structures of the present invention include fibrous substrates that have been treated with fluids after drying, i but before (or during) the conversion, such as before the engraving stage.
Surprisingly, it has been discovered that through the use of a fluid treatment hydrogen existing between the fibers or create new adhesive bonds (which include additional links apart or in addition to the hydrogen bonds) between the fibers. These unions tend to act as springs, which, after being released from compression, allow the fibers to return to their configurations before compression. This chemical substance (s), when applied before the etching process, appear to block the fibers in the desired deformation out of the plane (such as the pattern produced by etching). The joints remain flexible so that under the compression force they flex and allow the substrate to flatten to enable, in this way, the rolling of more sheets of substrate in a given volume than would be possible if the engravings were not compressed.
An example of a class of chemical substances that has been discovered creates this spring-type bonding property are polyquaternary compounds. There are many types of polyquaternary compounds, which include those known as PQ4, PQ6 and PQ11 and which are marketed by Sigma Aldrich, BASF, among others. Polyquaternary compounds have been added to papermaking processes in what is known as the "wet part" of the process for softening and cationic properties. However, in a TAD process, it is well known that hygiene problems occur in the Yankee roller of a paper machine when an amount greater than about 0.25% by weight of polyquaternary compounds is added to the papermaking process. However, polyquaternary compounds can be added in a conversion process (after the drying process) in an amount of about 0.5% to 1% or more, by weight, to create spring-like joints that preserve the appearance of the desired engraving by the consumer . It is believed that the polyquaternary compounds have not been added previously in the conversion process nor have they been used in this process to preserve the etching.
In one embodiment, a polyquaternary compound, such as a solution of poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), commonly referred to as PQ6, obtainable from Sigma Aldrich in various molecular weights ranging from < 100,000 to -500,000, may be added in a concentration of 0.05%, or 0.1%, or 0.2%, or 0.3%, or 0.4%, or 0.5% or greater. As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the addition of a polyquaternary compound to the dry paper during the conversion process and before the engraving has the surprising result of retaining the appearance of! Recorded. The IF A-C samples were treated before etching with an additional treatment of manually sprayed PQ6 fluids at an addition concentration before etching of 5%, Figure 5 shows data of a fibrous structure recorded untreated (it is ! say, without chemical treatment, such as with polyquaternary compounds) rolled onto a roll with variable roll diameter and roll density: and shows the i Table 5: Engraving depth with roll compression capacity decreasing The fibrous structures of the present invention are obtained by performing the processing in a manner imparting a relatively high caliber with relatively low density and then wound onto a roll in a manner to provide a high roll density. j In one embodiment, a high gauge and a relatively low density is achieved by processing using TAD technology, as is known in the industry. TAD technology can be combined with engraving to provide low density, high caliber and improved compression strength. ' Recorded Etching can be achieved by using the process described in the co-pending US patent. UU no. in series 12/185, 458 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0028621 A1), entitled "Embossed Fibrous Structures and Methods for a Same", filed on August 4, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference in the present description. The process, referred to in the present description as "narrow tolerance engraving", uses an engraving point and pattern rollers, as described below, to impart engravings in a fibrous structure having a depth and a wall angle that resist the flattening pressure when rolled in a roll of fibrous structure of the present invention. The engravings can be made on individual sheets that are subsequently joined to make a multi-sheet paper, as is known in the industry.
Engraving attachment point As illustrated in Figure 6, an engraving operation in accordance with the present invention comprises an engraving attachment point 34 comprising a first patterned roller 36 and a second patterned roller 38. The rollers 36 and 38 may comprise patterns complementary or practically complementary. The first patterned roller 36 comprises a surface 40 thereof. The surface 40 may comprise one or more projections 42. The second patterned roller 38 comprises a surface 44. The surface 44 may comprise one or more cavities 46. At the point of etching 34, one or more of the projections 42 of the surface 40 mesh with one or more of the cavities 46 of the surface 44. A fibrous structure 48 is placed between one or more of the projections 42 of the surface 40 and a or more of the cavities 46 of the surface 44 at the engraving attachment point 34 and / or passed through the engraving attachment point 34 formed by the engagement of the projection 42 with the cavity 46 during an engraving operation.
As shown in Figure 7, which is an enlarged partial view of Figure 6, the projection 42 of the surface 40 of the first patterned roller 36 engages (fits) with the second patterned roller 38 in the cavity 46 present in the surface 44 of the second patterned roller. The engagement of the projection 42 creates a lateral clearance (Lc) and a coupling depth (DM) in the cavity 46. l_c represents the shortest distance between any part of the entire surface 40 of the projection 42 of the first patterned roller 36 and any part of the entire surface 44 of the cavity 46 of the second patterned roller 38 at the engraving attachment point 34 I_c may be greater than about 75 μ ??, and / or greater than about 100 μm, and / or greater than about 125 μ ??? and / or from about 125 pm to about 700 μ? t? and / or at about 600 μm, and / or at about 500 μm, and / or at about 400 μ ??, and / or at about 300 μm and / or at about 280 μ ?t ?. In one example, Lc is approximately 75 μ? T? at approximately 700 p.m. In one example, the l_c of one projection to one cavity may be different from another projection to another cavity in the same patterned rolls.
For a given set of patterned rollers, l_c may depend on the fibrous structure that the patterned rollers are recording. For example, a typical fibrous structure may have a thickness of 254-381 p.m. (10-15 mil), and the above values of p.sub.c are suitable for etching the fibrous structure having that thickness. However, if a fibrous structure has a thickness of 762 μ? (30 mil) or greater, then the Lc between the patterned rollers must be larger to achieve optimal engravings in the fibrous structure. Therefore, l_c may be from about 25% to about 85% and / or from about 30% to about 80% and / or from about 40% to about 80% of the thickness of the fibrous structure being engraved.
DM represents the largest distance of overlap of the projection 42 with respect to the cavity 46 at the engraving holding point 34. DM can be greater than about 254 μ? T? (10 thousand), and / or greater than about 381 μ? (15 thousand) and / or greater than approximately 508 pm (20 thousand) and / or approximately 2032 pm (80 thousand), and / or at approximately 1524 p.m. (60 mil), and / or 1016 p.m. (40 mil), and / or approximately 889 pm (35 thousand), and / or to about 762 pm (30 thousand) and / or from about 381 pm (15 thousand) to about 2032 pm (80 thousand), and / or from about 5 0 8 pm (20 thousand) to about 1524 pm (60 thousand) and / or from about 508 † m (20 thousand) to about 1016 pm (40 thousand). In one example, the DM of one projection within a cavity may be different from another projection within another cavity in the same patterned rolls. j In one example, the DM is chosen to create a delicate background image. In another example, the DM is chosen to create a print on the different sheet. ! The pressure of the holding point within the engraving attachment point 34 when a fibrous structure is present within the engraving attachment point 34 can be less than about 140 N / cm linear (80 pounds per linear inch or "pli"), and / or less than about 105.1 N / cm linear (60 pli), and / or less than about i 70 N / cm linear (40 pli), and / or less than about 35 N / cm linear (20 pli) and / or less than about 17.5 N / cm linear (10 pli) to about 1.7 N / cm liijieal (1 pli) ) and / or to approximately 3.5 N / cm linear (2 pli) and / or to approximately 8.7 N / cm linear (5 pli). In one example, the pressure of the fastening point at the engraving fastening point 34 when a fibrous structure is present within the engraving fastening point 34 is from about 3.5 N / cm linear (2 pli) to about 17.5 N / cm linear (10 pli) and / or approximately 8.7 N / cm linear (5 pli) to approximately 17.5 N / cm linear] (10 pli).
I When a fibrous structure is present within the engraving holding tool 34, the pressure of the clamping point within the engraving fastening point 34 results in the application of a deformation force (tension) to the fibrous structure in all directions, including the machine and cross-machine directions, as well as between them, which may result in the creation of an engraving on the fibrous structure. In one example, the fibrous structure during the engraving operation is subjected to a deformation in all directions, including the machine and transverse directions to the machine, as well as between them, so that the fibrous structure undergoes maximum and minimum deformation which differs by less than 25% in all directions.
The deformation required to achieve a desired engraving appearance varies with the properties of the fibrous structure. For example, a fibrous structure with greater stretch may require more deformation to achieve the desired permanent etching depth (DE) than a fibrous structure with less stretch. It has been found, moreover, that distinct projections (ie, dot engraving elements), such as dots, can be more easily engraved and achieve permanent deformation compared to line projections (i.e. engraving of lines). Therefore, before a desired pattern and properties of a fibrous structure, the l_c and DM can be selected to achieve the objective deformation and corresponding engraving appearance in that portion of the engraving pattern.
The engraving operation of the present invention uses two or more patterned rollers which cause a pressure at the clamping point when they are coupled together to form a grafting clamping point which is sufficient to create deformations (engravings) on the fibrous structure present inside the engraving attachment point.
The patterned rollers may comprise comparative patterns. Patterned rollers can be made from the same material or materials j different Non-limiting examples of suitable materials for patterned rolls may include steel, ebonite, aluminum, other metals, ceramics, plastics, rubber, synthetic rubber, and mixtures thereof. ! known with laser laser to remove material and create engraving elements, chemical etching of steel or other i between complementary engraving elements. j In one example, patterned rollers are manufactured by laser engraving a pattern on the surface of a roller, such as an ebonite roller. i The patterned rollers may comprise protrusions and / or cavities (i.e., dot and / or line engraving elements) in any configuration or pattern and at any desired frequency. fibrous structure, because there is abundant fibrous structure "without capturing" in the vicinity that can flow towards the ledge when the fibrous structure is present in the engraving attachment point.
As shown in Figure 8, a first roll with pattern 36a may comprise a strain equalizing element 50 adjacent one or more projections 42a. The deformation equalizing element 50 is not intended to create an engraving in a fibrous structure when the fibrous structure is present in an engraving fastening point comprising the first patterned roller 36a and! another roller. The strain equalizing element 50 provides a fibrous structure means which restricts flow to the protrusion present in a patterned roller adjacent to relatively large open areas in the etching pattern present in a patterned roller and thus ensures a Similar deformation in the fibrous structure in all areas of the engraving pattern.
In another example, the deformation around an element can be controlled by machining a pair of pattern rollers, such that a protrusion on a first pattern roller would have a first U for one side, and a | second different for another side, when the protrusion is fitted in a cavity in the other patterned roller. ! In one example, as illustrated in Figure 9, a first roller 36b may comprise one or more projections 42b (i.e., male protuberances). As illustrated in Figure 10, a second patterned roller 38a may comprise one or more cavities 46a (i.e., female cavities). In one example, an engraving attachment point is formed by coupling the first patterned roller 36b and the second patterned roller 38a such that at least one projection 42b of the first patterned roller 36b engages at least one cavity 46a of the second roller with pattern 38a. The projections 42b and the cavities 46a can be different point and / or line engraving elements, as shown in Figures 6-9.
At least one of the first and second pattern rollers of the present invention may exhibit an outer diameter less than about 35 cm (14 inches) and / or less than about 25 cm (9.8 inches). In one example, both patterned rolls, the first and the second exhibit an external diameter of less than about 35 cm (14 inches) and / or less than about 25 cm (9.8 inches).
In one example, at least one of the first and second patterned rollers is capable of creating engravings of dots in a fibrous structure. In another example, at least one of the first and second patterned rolls is capable of creating engravings of linear elements in a fibrous structure. In yet another example, at least one of the first and second patterned rolls is capable of creating engravings of dot and line elements.
High density winding To achieve the relatively high roll densities of the present invention, the fibrous structure is wound onto a roll by the use of a coiler and a process, as described in the copending US patent. UU no. in series 11/267, 736, (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0102559 A1) entitled "Rewind System", filed on November 4, 2005, which is thus incorporated in the present description as reference. The process and apparatus, referred to in the present description as "hybrid rolling", are further described in the joint ownership patents of the US. UU num. 7,392,961 and 7,455,260, each of them incorporated herein by reference. In the prior industry, a winder or a reel is typically known as a device that performs the first winding of that weft material, which generally forms what is known as a master roll. On the other hand, a rewinder is generally known as a device that coils the weft material from the master roll into a roll which is basically the finished product. For the purposes of the present application, the terms "winder" and "rewinder" are interchangeable in the evaluation of the scope of the claims.
The terms "machine direction", "machine transverse direction" and "Z direction" are generally related to the direction of travel of the raster material 112. Those with industry experience know that the machine direction is the direction of travel of the weft material 112. The direction transverse to the machine is orthogonal and coplanar to the machine direction. The Z direction is orthogonal to both the machine direction and the cross machine direction.
Referring now to the figures, Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional view of an illustrative winder 110 in accordance with the present invention. The winder 110 is suitable for winding a weft material 112 to produce a final rolled product 114. The winder 10 of the present invention is useful for producing any number of final rolled product types 114, such as hand towels, toilet paper, paper towels, polymer films, bags for garbage and the like. As such, the weft material 112 may comprise continuous weft materials, discontinuous weft materials comprising interleaved weft segments, combinations thereof, for the frame material 112 of the metal sheets, such as paper polymeric films, non-woven wefts, fabrics, paper, combinations of these, and the like. The weft material 112 is shown when it is conveyed by the winder 110 in the direction indicated by the arrow T. The winder 110 conveys the weft material 112 in mating contact with at least one first set of rollers. cooperating 116. The cooperating rollers 1 16 generally comprise a first winding spindle 1 18 and a roller 130 further described in the present description as a surface contact roller 130.
An illustrative frame supply system 120 can transport or i help the weft material 1 12 to be wound up by means of the contact cqn at least I a winding spindle 118. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of winding spindles 118 is disposed on a winding turret 122 which can be indexed with respect to a central axis to thereby define a winding turret shaft 24. The winding turret 122 can be indexable, or mobile, around the axis of the winding turret 24 through an infinite series of indexed positions. For example, a first winding spindle be called a position can be located in what of winding. In any winding turret shaft 24 from a first adjustment position to a second adjustment position. Therefore, the first winding spindle 126 moves from the initial transfer position to the final winding position. That adjustable movement of the first winding spindle 126 disposed on the winding turret 122 about the winding turret shaft 24 may comprise a plurality of distinct defined positions or a continuous sequence of positions that are not different. However, it must be considered that to bring the spindle closer! winding 1 18 and putting it in contact with a roller 130 any means known to an expert in the industry can be used. Illustrative but not limiting examples of turrets I suitable for use in the present invention (including "continuous motion" turrets) are described in US Pat. UU nums. 5,660,350; 5,667,162; 5,690,297; 5,732,901; 5,810,282; 5,899,404; 5,913,490; 6,142,407; and 6,354,530. In addition, as will be understood by an expert in the industry, systems that are known as 'open circuit' turret systems are suitable for use as a support for the arrangement and movement of the winding spindles 118 used in accordance with the present invention. An example of an 'open circuit' turret system is described in International Publication WO 03/074398.
If the expert considers it convenient, the roller 130 of the present invention may include a raised surface. In such an embodiment, the embossed portions may be provided as a pattern disposed on or within the material comprising the roll 130. That pattern may be arranged on the roll 130 or otherwise associated with the roll 130 by means of laser engraving, mechanical placement, polymeric curing or similar. In an illustrative but not limiting embodiment, that pattern with relief or the like may correspond to some distinguishing mark, engraving, topography pattern, adhesive, combinations of these and the like, disposed within or on the weft material 112. It is considered that an illustrative pattern of this type associated with a roller 130 can be registered with respect to any direction or directions of the weft material 112, particularly, in the machine and / or machine-transversal directions of the weft material 112. A pattern of this type may be associated with a roller 130 and may be provided in connection with any distinctive marking, engraving, surveying pattern, combinations thereof, or the like, associated with the weft material 112 by any means known to one skilled in the industry. Such an embodiment may be useful to preserve the desired characteristics in the weft material 112, such as grids, or it may provide a desired contact force, such as for an improved bond strength in different and / or desired areas of a product of two sheets or multiple sheets comprising adhesive to join one sheet to the other. Similarly, the roller 130 can include engravings or other type type of raster material formulation or structure of plot 112. A roller 130 topography can improve the adhesion or bonding of the sheets that form urj raster material 112 of multiple sheets by providing additional pressure in the region to be joined, as an industry expert will know. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is considered that such an improvement in the joint may be useful to avoid the so-called "unattached" rolls, where the sheets of a multi-rolled end product 114 are separated when the consumer doses the product. For those experienced in the industry, this is a defect of unwanted quality.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the roller 130 is moved at a surface velocity corresponding to the speed of the weft material 112 incoming. To control the position of the longitudinal axis of the roller 130 with respect to the longitudinal axis of a winding spindle 118, a positioning device (not shown) may be provided, such as linear actuators, servomotors, cams, couplers and the like, known that result. This device 130 has the ability to move the they are limited to, the machine direction, the cross machine direction, the Z direction, and / or any combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the movement of a roller 130 is generally parallel to the Z direction relative to the weft material 112 as the weft material 112 passes close to, or is in contact to engage with, a spindle It is believed that, in this way, the position of the roller 130 combined with the known increase in the diameter of the bobbin associated with the second winding spindle 128 can provide the contact, clearance or pressure required between the roller 130. and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 on which the weft material 1 is located 12. However, it should be recognized that the roll 130 can move with respect to any direction relative to its longitudinal axis in virtually any direction necessary to provide the required contact or clearance between the roller 130 and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128. Similarly, the roller 130 can and having virtually any number of axles (i.e., at least one) associated therewith as necessary to provide the required contact or clearance between the roll 130 and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 as the material of plot 112 passes between them.
If it is desired that the roller 130 through the t-ama material 12 be in contact with the coil associated with the second spindle 128, the position of a respective roller 130 along an illustrative axis A or B can be controlled to a known position for supplying the desired contact or clearance between the respective roller 130 and the respective coil associated with the first or second spindle of during the entire winding process if necessary. When which have higher densities, can be especially advantageous all the winding process, the contact or desired slack. In that case, it is believed that which comes in contact with the roller 130 as compared to an area that does not come into contact with the roller 130.
Alternatively, the roller 130 may be located along the axes A or B, respectively, to regulate the contact force between the roller 130 and the respective spool associated with the first or second winding spindle 126, 28 As an example, to provide a low density product roll design to the final rolled product 114, there must be minimal contact or even no contact between the respective roller 130 and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128. For Medium density product roll designs in the final rolled product 114, contact or force between the respective roll 130 and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 may be moderate. To provide high density product roll designs in the final rolled product 114, contact or force between the respective roll 130 and the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 can be relatively high. In any aspect, it is preferred that the rotating speed of the winding spindles 118 be controlled to decelerate at a speed that maintains the same winding surface speed, or a desired speed difference, as the diameter of the coil associated with the winding increases. second winding spindle 128.
Alternatively, the product density of a final rolled product 114 can be regulated by adjusting the surface speed of the roller 130 and / or the surface velocity of the respective coil associated with the first or second winding spindle 126, 28. Without the intention of limited by theory, it is considered that providing that speed differential between the surface speed of the roller 130 and / or the surface velocity of the respective coil associated with the first or second winding spindle 126, 28 can vary the tension present in the material Of weft 1 12 which forms the final rolled product 1 14. As a non-limiting example, to provide a final rolled product 1 14 of low density there may not be a speed differential between the surface speed of the roll 130 and / or the surface speed of the coil associated with the second winding spindle 128 or that differential may be minimal. However, when it is desired to obtain a final rolled product 14 of high density, the speed differential between the surface speed of the roll 130 and / or the surface speed of the coil associated with the second winding spindle 128 can be relatively high or partial. In any case, the surface speeds of the roller 130 or of the bobbin associated with the second winding spindle 128 can be controlled together or separately to provide a final coiled output 14 with the desired winding profile.
As shown in Figure 11, the winder 110 may include a turret 122 supporting a plurality of winding spindles 118. The winding spindles 118 may be coupled to a core (not shown) on which the weft material is wound 112. The winding spindles 118 can be driven in a closed path of the spindle about the central axis 24 of the winding turret unit 122.
Each winding spindle 118 extends along a winding spindle shaft 118 generally parallel to the axis 24 of the winding turret of the winding turret unit 122from a first end of winding spindle 118 to a second end of winding spindle 118. The winding turret unit 122 supports the winding spindles 118 at their first ends. Preferably, a conical mandrel unit (not shown) supports the winding spindles 1 18 at their second ends so that they can be released. The winding turret 122 can support at least two winding spindles 118, for example, at least six winding spindles 118 and, in one embodiment, the turret unit 122 supports at least ten winding spindles 118. As is of the knowledge of one skilled in the industry, a winding turret unit 122 supporting at least 10 winding spindles 118 can have a winding turret unit 122 rotationally driven at a relatively low angular velocity and, for example, generally constant to reduce vibration and nerve loads while providing increased performance in relation to the indexing of a winding turret 122 that is rotated intermittently at higher angular speeds. Illustrative units of winding torrents suitable for use in the present invention are US Pat. num. 5,690,297 and 5,913,490. machine direction of the weft material 112. The lines of adjacent perforations may be spaced a predetermined distance along the length of the weft material 112 to provide individual sheets of weft material 112 that are bonded together in the perforations. . The loose length of the individual sheets of the weft material 112 is the distance between lines of adjacent perforations. ! i When the desired amount of weft material sheets 1 2 have been wound on a reel associated with the second winding spindle 128 according to the present invention, a weft separator 132 can be moved to a position close to the weft material 112. arranged between successive cooperating rollers 116 (ie, successive rollers 30 and successive winding spindles 118) to provide a separation of adjacent sheets of perforated weft material 112. The frame separator 13 | 2 can be provided as a cutting apparatus having a rotary unit known to those experienced in the industry as useful for dividing the weft material 1 2 into individual sheets. In a preferred embodiment, the weft separator 132 is included as a pair of articulation elements 134, 136 cooperatively engaging the weft material 112 at an intermediate position between the successive cooperating rollers 116 (i.e., a first roller 130 and a first winding spindle 126 and a second roller 130 and a second winding spindle 128). In this preferred embodiment, the weft separator 132 is periodically and / or intermittently jacked to the weft material 1 12 disposed between successive cooperating rolls 116. Alternatively, a weft separator 132 suitable for the present invention can be provided as a plurality of rolls. of semi-continuous speed (not shown) that are in permanent contact with the weft material 112 disposed between When the desired amount of weft material sheets 112 has been wound on the reel associated with the second winding spindle 128, the weft separator 132 is moved (i.e., can be rotated) to a position that facilitates the formation of a clamping point between the opposing elements 134, 136 associated with the weft separator 132. That clamping point may comprise the surfaces 138, such as rollers, presses or pads, cooperatively associated with the elements 134, 136 associated with the separator. frame 132. The movement of the elements 134, 136 comprising the screen separator 132 can be clocked so that the screen separator 132 forms a holding point with the screen material 112 between opposed elements 134, 136 of the screen separator 132 when the perforation at the rear end of the last desired sheet for the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 is located between the cooperating rolls 116 which The first or new winding spindle 126 and a first surface contact roll 130 in position of the raster material cooperatively associated with that element. Without intending to be limited by theory, it is considered that if an element 134, 136, or the surfaces 138 thereof, comprising the frame separator 132 has a low friction coefficient and the corresponding element 134, 136, or the surfaces 138 of these, of the weft separator have a surface velocity greater than that of the weft material 112, the weft separator 132 effectively accelerates the weft material 112 at the point of clamping because the weft material 112 it slides with respect to an element 134, 136, or the surfaces 138 thereof, which comprises the weft separator 132 which moves at the desired winding speed for the weft material 12. Simultaneously with the formation of the fastening point at speed excessive between the corresponding elements 134 comprising the screen separator 132, a new subsequent winding spindle 118 which will form the spool associated with the first winding spindle 126 which travels at the same surface speed as the weft material 1 12 forms a clamping point of the weft material 112 against the roll 130 to thereby form the cooperating rollers 116. This formation of the downstream fastening point at excessive speed between coupling elements 134, 136 comprising the weft separator 132 combined with the formation of the fastening point upstream to the winding speed between co-operating rollers 116 causes the perforation disposed on the weft material 112 located between the two fastening points to break and a final rolled product 114 having the desired amount of weft material sheets arranged therein. 112 from the coil associated with the second winding spindle 128.
Alternatively, one of the elements 134, 136 comprising the screen separator 132 may have a surface velocity less than the surface velocity of the screen material 1 12 cooperatively associated with that element. If one of the elements 134 comprising the screen separator 132 has a low coefficient of friction and the corresponding second element 136 comprising the screen separator 132 has a surface velocity smaller than that corresponding to the first element 134 comprising the screen separator. 132, the second element 136 comprising the frame separator 132 can decelerate the speed of the weft material 1 12 at the attachment point. This is because the weft material 112 slides with respect to the first member 134 comprising the weft separator 132 and makes the perforation disposed between the elements 134, 136 comprising the weft separator 132 and the wefts 132. low speed fastening point between the elements 134, 136 comprising the weft separator, a subsequent new winding spindle 118 which will form the spool associated with the first winding spindle 126, which travels at the same surface speed as the material of raster 112, forms a fastening point of the raster material 112 against the respective roller 130 which is correspondingly and cooperatively associated with that material. That portion of the weft material 112 disposed beyond the clamping point formed between the first winding spindle 126 and the roller 130 cooperatively associated with that spindle can then be removed and wrapped over the first winding spindle 126.
In yet another embodiment, the elements 134, 136 comprising the screen separator 132 may have the same surface velocity as the screen material 112. In that embodiment, an element 134 comprising the screen splitter 132 may be provided with less a blade that is interleaved and / or that may be adapted to fit into a corresponding depression, slot and / or blade, retractable or not, disposed on the second element 136 comprising the frame separator 132. It is believed that these units of interleavable and / or nestable blades known to those experienced in the industry can be adapted to provide this weft separator unit 132 with matched surface velocity. In Non-limiting example form, the units described in U.S. Pat. num. 4,919,351 and 5,335,869 can be adapted to provide this weft separator unit 132 with matched surface velocity suitable for use in the present invention.
Then, the weft material 112 upstream of the clamping point formed between the elements 134, 136 comprising the weft separator 132 is transferred to a new winding spindle 1 18 having adhesive to form the first winding spindle 126. In In a preferred embodiment, a core is disposed on the new winding spindle 118 which forms the first winding spindle 126 and remains secured to that spindle. The winding turret 122 comprising the winding spindles 118 moves the first winding spindle 126 to the final winding position, intermittently or continuously, and the winding cycle is repeated. After completion of the winding, the final rolled product 114 is removed from the first winding spindle 126 disposed on the turret unit 122 and a new core can be placed on the winding spindle 118 that has been left free. Adhesive can be applied to the new core before transferring the weft. Then, the winding sequence is repeated as necessary.
As described above, a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes winding the weft material 112 over hollow cores to facilitate assembly and dosing of the roll by the consumer. In addition, the winder 1 10 of the present invention allows to adjust the length of the sheet in order to provide format flexibility and control of the sheet count in increments of one for that format flexibility.
In addition, an experienced in the industry could provide the winding spindles 118 with a speed profile that can increase the winding capacity of the winder 1 10. That higher winding capacity may be useful or even preferable in the case of low density substrates. In addition, the arrangement of the weft material 1 12 between the first winding spindle 126 and a coupling roller i corresponding 130 which forms cooperating rollers 1 16 can provide a position and / or ability to apply a force at the point where the raster material 1 12 is disposed on the second winding spindle 128. With this process, it is possible to produce a I final rolled product 1 14 with a desired rolling profile. j For example, the final rolled product 1 14 can be produced as a weft material 1 12 that of 100 sheets, one diameter which has an external diameter of 40 mm. On the basis of this information, the theoretical average radial thickness for each layer of weft material 1 12 comprising the final rolled product 1 14 can be calculated at approximately J48O pm. In this illustrative embodiment, the weft material 112 can have an initial thickness (ie, without tension) of 750 μm when the weft material 1 12 enters the winding area of the winder 1 10. In order to provide the final rolled product 1 14 described 480 pm only by the tension exerted by the spindle speed! winding 1 18 on the incoming weft material 12. Without intending to be limited by theory, the ! calculated stress required to decrease the thickness of the weft material 1 12 from an initial thickness of 750 μ? up to the required thickness of 480 μ ?? is approximately 500 grams per linear cm. However, those skilled in the industry will understand that the weft material 112 can be separated uncontrollably in the perforations disposed within the weft material 112 when the weft material 1 and 2 is subject to that tension (ie, nominally greater than 350 grams. per linear cm). Those uncontrolled separations can result in an unacceptable final rolled product 114 and can cause line / production interruptions.
Additionally, the winder 110, as described above, can be used to provide a complementary compression of the shroud material 112 which is wound on a winding spindle 118 to produce the final rolled product 14. For example, a roll 130 can be loaded against the spool associated with the winding spindle 118 corresponding to changing the position of the roller 130 ccjn with respect to a winding spindle 118 in order to obtain the final rolled product 114 desired. For example, a roller 130 can be loaded against a coil disposed on a corresponding winding spindle 118 with a force of 100 grams per linear cm. By calculations, it is believed that this force can decrease the thickness of the weft material 112 from a thickness of 750 μm to a thickness of 500 μm. The required rolling tension calculated to further decrease the thickness of the weft material 112 from a thickness of 500 μm to the required thickness of 480 μm can be provided with as little as 40 grams per linear cm. This required level of tension is well below the known and assumed perforation separation level of 350 grams per linear cm, which allows reliable production of the desired final wound product 14.
Additionally, one skilled in the industry will understand that the winder 110 described in the present invention may come into contact with the spool associated with the second winding spindle 128 during the entire winding cycle. Therefore, a final rolled product 114 can be completely wound up with a level of uniformity not known hitherto. In addition, one skilled in the industry will recognize that including winding spindles 118 in a turret system 122 moving in a closed path can provide for the continuous winding and removal of the final rolled product 114 without the need to interrupt the turret system 122 for loading and unloading the winding spindles 118 or even the cores arranged on the winding spindles 118 from a mobile mechanism of the turret system 122! Union of leaves v / o treatment with fluids, The fibrous structures of the present invention can be multi-leaf, and the sheets can be joined by known methods, including the method described i in the US patent UU no. No. 12 / 185,477 (U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0030174 A1), entitled "Multi-ply Fibrous Structures aijd processes for Making Same", filed on August 4, 2008, which is incorporated by this means in the present description as a reference. The method and process described in the US patent may also be used. UU no. of series 12 / 185,477 for depositing functional fluids on a fibrous structure, such as additives for wet strength, fiber softeners, lotions, and the like.
I The fibrous structure of the present invention may be added thereto by methods known in the industry, including spraying with a hand-held sprayer, a weft treatment to improve the strength properties of the fibrous structure. The fluids can be applied to a moving sheet during the conversion operation (ie, after drying and before etching or other post-paper conversion) at a desired rate of addition by methods known in the industry, such as spray, slot die, rotogravure, microatomizer systems for liquids i (Rotospray), indirect rotogravure (offset), permeable rollers, and the like. The fluids can be applied evenly over the entire substrate or in discrete areas that can be registered (both in the machine direction and in the transverse direction). i machine) for other product characteristics, such as engraving, printing, other fluid applications to improve performance, such as softness, folding, cutting and the like.
The fluids for treatment of wefts may comprise steam, silicones, polyquaternary compounds, other fluids useful for modifying the properties of the structure of the sheet, and any combination thereof. Generally, for a fibrous structure of the present invention, a fiber web can be treated prior to the etching step.
By treating a web of fibers prior to etching, bonding the sheets or winding, the resulting fluid-treated fiber web exhibits a fibrous structure of improved strength and strength after being subjected to compression forces. It is believed i that the application of fluids of chemical substances and / or polymers to a fibrous jrama creates original or almost original state when dosed in a rolled form. The original or almost original shape includes properties such as thickness, absorption capacity, absorption speed and depth and clarity of the engraving.
In one embodiment, the fluid is a polyquaternary compound, such as PQ6. In one embodiment, the fluid is applied with a manual sprayer.
I I i Fibrous structure The fibrous structure of the present invention can with a engraving operation, as described above, and wound on a roll with the winding process described above. In one embodiment, the fibrous structure can be treated with a fluid treatment, as described above.
I The fibrous structure made by an etching operation of the present invention using one or more patterned rolls comprises one more engravings. In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises a plurality of engravings. The engravings may comprise engravings of elements of points and / or different lines. In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises etching of line elements at least partially surrounded, such as at least two sides of the engraving of line elements, by a line of a plurality of dot engravings. The engravings of dots in the fibrous structure of the present invention can have any desired shape, by engravings of line elements of curvature. ! Process for manufacturing a multi-leaf fibrous structure One or more etched fibrous structures of the present invention may be combined with another fibrous structure, either the same or different, to form a multi-leaf fibrous structure. j In one example, a process for manufacturing a multi-leaf fibrous structure comprises the step of combining a fibrous structure etched with the method described in the present invention with another fibrous structure to form a multi-leaf fibrous structure.
In one example, the process includes treating a fibrous web with fluids before etching and / or winding in a fibrous structure of the present invention.
In another example, a process for manufacturing a multi-leaf fibrous structure comprises the steps of: to. provide a first fibrous web that can be a TAD paper web manufactured by known processes; b. optionally, treating the fibrous web with fluid at a level of addition sufficient to impart compressive strength, and the treatment with fluids can be carried out with known processes; c. etching the fibrous web to create a fibrous structure, the engraving of which can be by narrow tolerance etching, as described in the present description; d. providing a second fibrous web, which may be a TAD paper web manufactured by known processes; J and. join the first fibrous structure to the second fibrous web for The first and second fibrous structures may comprise the same etching pattern or may be different. j The joining step may comprise applying an adhesive to at least one of the fibrous structures. The adhesive can be applied to one or more surfaces of the fibrous structure with any suitable process known to those experienced in the industry. Non-limiting examples of suitable processes include a mild applicator roller process, pattern applicator roller, rotogravure roller application process, slot extrusion, spray process, permeable fluid applicator process and combinations thereof. The adhesive may cover 100% of the surface area of the fibrous structure or a certain portion of the surface area of the fibrous structure. The smaller the adhesive coverage, the lower the negative impact on the softness of the fibrous structure of multiple sheets. A non-limiting example of adhesive suitable for use in the processes of the present invention includes polyvinyl alcohol. In one example, the adhesive is a polyvinyl alcohol having a viscosity at 14 solids of 10,000 centipoise.
After applying the adhesive on one or more sheets of the fibrous structure, the sheets are in close contact. If a fibrous structure other than ? etched fibrous structure of the present invention is engraved, its etching pattern i is, typically, complementary to the etching pattern of the fibrous structure id sheet I engraved of the present invention and placed in close contact; by registration. For example, a sheet of fibrous structure may have engravings that provide areas with permanent deformation that extend upward in the Z direction. When these engravings are recorded with engravings of a sheet of fibrous structure recorded of the present invention, those engraved on the Z direction on the other sheet can provide support to the unrecorded areas of the fibrous structure sheet recorded from the present invention and thus provide a wavy topography preferred by the consumer who perceives it as soft and fluffy. After putting the sheets in close contact (by registration, if desired), the fibrous structure of the multi-axis blade is passed through the attachment point of a coupling roller In one example, the engraving and laminating equipment 1 suitable for use in the present invention can be combined into a modular unit such that the modular unit is capable of being inserted into a paper machine at a desired location, such as the section of paper machine conversion.
The etching operation of the present invention and / or rolling process of the present invention can operate at any suitable speed within a paper machine, such as a speed greater than about 152. 4 meters / minute (500 feet per minute (fpm)), and / or greater than about 304.8 meters / minute (1000 fpm), and / or greater than about 457. 2 meters / minute (1500 fpm), and / or greater than approximately 548.6 meters / minute (1800 fpm), and / or greater than about 609.6 meters / minute (2000 fpm), and / or greater than about 731.5 meters / minute (2400 fpm) and / or greater than about 762 meters / minute (2500 fpm).
I After etching and lamination, the multi-leaf fibrous structure can be transferred to other processing stations of the fibrous structure, such as lotion application, coating, printing, cutting, folding, perforating, rolling, tufting, and so on. Similary. Alternatively, some of these other transformations by processing the fibrous structure may occur prior to the transformations by etching and lamination.
In one embodiment, the engravings may cover an area from about 3% to about 20% of the fibrous substrate. The engravings they can cover an area from about 6% to about 12% and from about 7% to about 9%. ! In one example, a process for making a roll of fibrous structure comprises the steps of manufacturing a multi-sheet fibrous structure, as described above, and winding the multi-leaf fibrous structure onto a roll with the hybrid winding method described above. The winding can be carried out at a relatively low grid voltage. In one embodiment, an engraved substrate of fibrous structure TAD of relatively low density was wound while maintaining a tension in machine direction of less than 4 grams of tension per 1 mm blade width. j The fibrous structures of the present invention rolls of the present invention by means of the apparatus and process described above, which includes a tension in the machine direction of less than about 4 grams of tension per 1 mm of blade width. The winding process was a hybrid winding process, which includes the capacity of "central winding", in which the spindle is driven, and the "surface-assisted" winding, in which the surface of the roll is driven and compressed. . The process can be called a "hybrid winding" process, because it combines both the central winding and the surface winding processes. The compressive force applied by the surface winding apparatus is applied, mainly, at the point where the fibrous web i incoming is with the "coil" of rolled. This contact point is maintained throughout the winding cycle, ie from the initial transfer of the fibrous structure to the core (eg, cardboard core) to the point at which the overall integrity of the fibrous structure is It has rolled into a finished roll of fibrous structure. It has been found that the tangential contact of the compression force is surprisingly effective in achieving the relatively high roll density of TAD and / or etched fibrous webs and, at the same time, maintaining the consumer preferred properties for the sheets of the dosed product.
The winding of the fibrous structure rolls of the present invention is different from other known winding processes, such as the slitter-rewinder processes and equipment that rewind master rolls and do not wind reels and / or rolls of finished products. In one example, the winding process of the present invention uses the winding process described in US Pat. UU no. 7,000,864, issued February 21, 2006 to McNeil et al., Which is incorporated herein by reference. The winding process described in that patent is different from other known winding processes, particularly, the slitter-rewinder process. For example, unlike the slitter-rewinders, the winding process and equipment described in US Pat. UU no. 7,000,864 rolls the fibrous structure rolls with RPM changes of at least 400 RPM between 2 and 35 degrees machine (a complete winding cycle is defined as 360 degrees machine).
Rolls of fibrous structure, such as paper towels for use in the kitchen, are typically wound on a core of cardboard core and typically have a roll diameter limit of about 150-175 mm (about 6 inches). - 6.9 inches). The limits are based, mainly, on manufacturing limitations of the previous industry with respect to winding uniformity, operating speeds, core loading, coil discharge, kernel application systems, and the like. . The improvements of the present invention, which include developments in the technology of transfer of fibrous webs and the "cutting" of fibrous webs, control of the winding, as well as controls of the surface winding, have facilitated the ability to wind fibrous structures in a roll up to 200 mm (7.8 inches) or greater. For example, the winding, as described in the present invention, allows more clearance between the base roller and the turret, as is known in the industry. The web of a surface winding element removes a fixed clearance limit, which allows for larger rolls. Additionally, the eight mandrel turret was modified to six to house finished rolls of larger diameter and to leave space for the tracer roller, again, as these elements are known in the industry. The modifications were made to appropriately increase the indexing speed from mandrel to mandrel in order not to decelerate the overall performance.
The production of rolls of fibrous structures of relatively high diameter can be achieved by a low stress web transport process. The transport of low stress frames can be important for the TAD paper and / or recorded fibrous webs having relatively low strength and density. The transport of low stress frames can facilitate the transport of the fibrous web through the sheet transformation processes in a manner that minimizes substrate stress in the machine direction, cross machine direction and in the Z direction. An element in a transport system of this JO is to maintain the tension of the substrate in the machine direction at a target level which is well below the elastic limit of the material. Exceeding the yield strength may cause permanent deformation of the material and may compromise performance functionalities (eg speed and absorbency, wet and dry strength, smoothness, thickness, etc.), as well as product aesthetics ( eg, engraving appearance with gathers, wrinkles, reduced engraving depth, etc.). It has been found that transporting a recorded substrate, especially a relatively low density TAD recorded substrate, while maintaining the directional stress of Machine at less than 4 grams of tension per 1 mm blade width is particularly effective to retain the consumer's preferred properties.
In one embodiment, stress control and related frame handling control systems may be those described in US Pat. UU ceded jointly 6,845,282; 6,991, 144; 6,993,964; 7,035,706; and 7,092,781, each incorporated herein by reference in this description. Other useful practices for transporting frames include minimizing contact between the substrate and fixed devices (metal bars for static elimination, slot die extrusion heads, etc.) and minimizing contact between the substrate and the rotating process rollers, especially, spools not driven independently at frame rate.
Rolls of etched fibrous structure were manufactured in accordance with the description of the present invention by the use of narrow tolerance etching and hybrid coiling to produce rolls of fibrous structure of the present invention. Certain parameters of fibrous structure rollers of the prior industry are presented in Table 6 below, and certain parameters of the present invention are presented in Table 7 below.
Table 6: Data on certain parameters of rolls of fibrous structures of the previous industry Table 7: Data on parameters of rolls of fibrous structures of the present invention 10 fifteen Sample 1 is the existing product in the Bounty® market, marketed as "Regular Roll".
Sample 2 is the existing product in the Bounty® marking, marketed as "Large Roll".
Sample 3 is the existing product in the Bounty® market, marketed as "Rollo gigante".
Sample 4 is the existing product in the Bounty® market, marketed as "Megarrollo".
Sample 5 is the existing product in the Bounty® market, marketed as "huge roll".
Samples 6-1 1 are fibrous substrates identical to the Samples 1-5, but with the indicated base weight. i As can be seen in Table 7, the fibrous strand rolls according to the present invention offer advantages over the reds of the previous industry. Particularly, the relatively finer roll densities associated with the rolls of the present invention allow a manufacturer to provide more product to a consumer without correspondingly requiring more space (volume). The advantages for a roll of fibrous structure of this type are numerous. To mention one, a consumer does not need to buy the product so often; A single roll of fibrous structure of the present invention can provide a consumer with many more sheets of product (for a sheet product with perforations) than a previous industry sheet having sheets of similar size. In addition, a consumer can benefit from the cost advantages associated with a relatively lower cost per sheet to provide the consumer with rolls of fibrous structure. Additionally, the consumer can benefit from space savings by storing more product per space (volume) in their home.
The relatively high roll density of the present invention also benefits the manufacturers and their customers, which are generally retail outlets, such as Sam's Club, Wal-Mart, Target, and others; sale of food and medicines. For the charterer, by providing more product per roll, the weight per volume of the freight can be maximized, which can produce more product per pallet or more product per truck or wagon. For retailers, shelf space or gondola tip displays can be saved by providing more compact product displays. By exhibiting more product by volume of exhibitor space, the retailer's exhibition space is saved. Therefore, the present invention further includes methods for transporting roll products from fibrous structures and methods for offering these products for sale at a retail outlet.
A method for economically transporting fibrous structures can comprise the steps of providing a pallet, which has the fibrous structures wrapped thereon, at a loading site, such as the loading platform of a manufacturer of fibrous structures. The pallet can be any pallet known in the industry and can be made of wood, fiber composites or the like. The rolled fibrous structure placed on pallets may be in the form of a plurality of rolls of through-air dried paper, the paper is in the form of a continuous web, and each roll has a roll density of at least! approximately 0. 12 grams per cubic centimeter. Additionally, the fibrous structure can i comprising other parameters, as described in the present invention, which include a basis weight less than about 73.2, or less than about 65.1, or less than about 57.0, or less than about 48.8 grams per meter square (about 45 or less than about 40 or less than about 35 or less than about 30 pounds per 3000 square feet). The rolls can be packed in multi-roll packages and can be stacked, as it is known in the industry, and presented in heat shrink wrappers or stabilized in any other way. The loading of the pallet can have a volume defined by the volume of the smallest cube that can contain the entire fibrous structure rolled (but not the pallet or other packaging, such as shrink wrap, strips or the like). The pallet load can have a pallet density equal to the fibrous structure mass in the pallet divided by the load volume of the pallet. The method may further include loading the rolled fibrous structure placed on the pallets on a conveyance, such as a truck or transport container, as is known in the industry. The method may further include moving the means of transport from the loading location to a place of unloading, such as the loading platform of a customer, for example, Wal-Mart. The method may further include the step of discharging the fibrous structure placed on pallets of the loading medium.
A method for exhibiting the rolled fibrous structure of the present invention may include the step of exhibiting (either on the pallet described above or on a shelf) in a retail store at least one roll of fibrous structure; the roll has a roll density of at least about 0.12 grams per cubic centimeter. Additionally, the rolls of fibrous structure can comprise other parameters, as described in the present invention.
Test methods Unless otherwise indicated, all tests described in the present invention, including those described in Section "Definitions" and the following test methods are performed on samples, test equipment and test surfaces that have been conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of approximately 23 ° C ± 2.2 ° C (approximately 73 ° F ± 4 ° F) and a relative humidity of 50% ± 10% for 12 hours before the test. In addition, all tests are performed in said conditioned room.
CRT test method Next, the CRT Test Method is described and reference is made to Figure 14.
Beginning The absorption (by capillarity) of water from a sample of non-woven fabric is measured over time. The sample is supported by an open-weave network structure resting on a scale. The test is started when a tube connected to a water receptacle is raised and the meniscus comes into contact with the sample. The absorption is allowed to take place for two seconds after the contact is interrupted and the accumulated velocity during the first two seconds is calculated. The contact is reinitiated, and the sample is allowed to absorb until it reaches saturation (defined as a capture speed of .009 g / 6s); or less, or 300 seconds, of both options, whichever occurs first.
Scope This method is applied to the absorption speed and capacity of paper napkins and towels at a negative head height of 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm. (Optionally, the instrument is capable of measuring other head heights and the data of the absorption curve can be collected in real time for research purposes.) Note: This method does not include the collection of weight data in real time during absorption. For these tests, see the method in WHT 1576 for the suggested parameters for the instrument.
Apparatus Conditioned enclosure Temperature and humidity controlled within the following limits: Temperature: 23 ± 1 ° C (73 ± 2 ° F) Relative humidity: 50 ± 2% Sample Cutter Alpha Precision Cutter, Model 240-10 (hydraulic) or Model 240-7A (tire): Thwing- Albert Instrument Co., 14 Collings Ave. est Berlin, NJ 08091, 856-767-1000 Cutting die cutter circular 76.2 mm (three inches) in diameter with or without inserts of soft foam rubber material. Obtained from WDS Inc. 5115 Crookshank Rd.
Cíncinnati, OH 45233, 513-922-9459, (or equivalent).
Speed and capacity tester (CRT) Absorbance tester capable of determining the capacity and speed. Consists of a balance (0.001 g) on which a sample platform rests on a small receptacle with a supply tube in the center. This receptacle is filled by the action of solenoid valves, which help to connect the receptacle to supply the sample to an intermediate receptacle, whose water level is controlled by an optical sensor. It is obtained from Integrated Technologies Engineering (IJE). 424 Wards Corner Rd. Loveland, OH 45140, 513-576-6200.
See Figure 1 for the conceptual drawing.
Computer software Custom software based on LabView specific to the version of CRT 4.2 or higher. It is obtained from Wineman Technology Inc. (WTI). 1668 Champagne Dr. North Saginaw, MI48604 (989) 771-3000.
Reagents Water The distilled water must pass the analytical method GCAS 58007262"Distilled Water Qualityf ' Preparation of the sample For this method, a usable unit is described as a unit of finished product regardless of the number of sheets. All samples are packed with packaging materials for a minimum of 2 hours before the test.
Towels HE. Discard at least the first 10 usable units of the roll. Two usable units are removed and a circular sample of 76.2 mm (3 inches) is cut from the center of each usable unit for a total of 2 replicates for each test result. Up to 6 replicas can be cut at once. If it is difficult to separate the replicas without breaking the union of the sheets, the release paper can be placed between the replicas before cutting to remove it later. The identification number is not written in the center of the sample, as this may alter an engraving pattern.
Note: Samples with defects, tabs such as wrinkles, tears, holes, etc. are not tested. They are replaced by another usable unit that is free of these defects.
Napkins Two (2) usable units are selected from each container (or stack, if not packaged) to be tested.
A circular sample of 76.2 mm (3 inches) is cut from the center of each usable unit for a total of 2 replicates for each test result. A usable unit is cut at a time. The usable unit is not displayed before cutting. Care is taken to keep the sample layers aligned as they were before cutting. The identification number is not written in the center of the sample, as this may alter an engraving pattern.
Note: Samples with defects, such as wrinkles, tears, holes, etc., are not tested. They are replaced by another usable unit that is free of these defects.
Functioning The satisfactory completion of all instrument configurations is recorded in the instrument logbook The calibration values (Stages 2f and 3k of the weekly configuration of the instrument) are recorded in the instrument's logbook.
Weekly configuration of the instrument 1. The centering of the supply tube with respect to the stringing pattern is checked. to. Click on the manual control tab ("Manual Control"). b. The tube is raised to position 230.
It looks directly down on the pattern and the tube. (It may be necessary to use a ladder stool or a mirror.) It is visually confirmed that the four sides of the square central are directly above the flange of the tube, e. If the alignment is not correct, it is adjusted by moving the plate on which the scale rests. See the manufacturer's instructions. 2. The "Calibration of the tube height" is performed in the system configuration tab ("System Setup") to. The threshold weight ("Threshold Weight") is defined in 0.5 g b. The initial extension of the tube ("Initial Tube Extension") in 220 stages is defined c. The maximum extension of the tube is defined ("Maximum Tube" 10 Extension ") in 256 stages d. Click Start Calibration ("Start Calibration") e. When indicated, place the sample cover over the empty string pattern, close the balance windows and click OK ("OK") 15 f. The instrument will move 1 step at a time and determine the weight.
When finished, you will enter the result in the tube height box ("Tube Height"). This is the height at which the tube initiated contact with the stringing pattern and caused a change in the measured weight. This value is recorded in the logbook of the 20 instrument as Calibration of the height of the tube ("Tube Height Calibration ") for that week. g. If the height is not between 240 and 255, then the manufacturer's instructions are followed to adjust the height of the receiver. When this adjustment is made, it is checked that the tube is 25 leveled by placing a flat plate (preferably glass) and i I a level of bubbles on the flange of the tube1, h. Steps 2a-2g are repeated until the value is between 240 and 255 and the tube flange is level.
The water height calibration ("Water Height Calibration") is performed in the system configuration tab ("System Setup") to. The outer part of the supply tube is cleaned with a Bounty paper towel. Care is taken not to carry grease from the O-ring on the flange of the tube. It may be necessary to apply some force to eliminate the accumulation of surfactant. b. Clean the inner part of the supply tube with a polyurethane foam swab. It may be necessary to apply some force to eliminate the accumulation of surfactant. c. The initial position of the tube ("Tube Initial Position") is set in 10-20 stages below the Tube Height of Stage 2f d. The dwell time between stages ("Dwell Between Steps") is defined in 1.0 s and. Click Start Calibration ("Start Calibration") f. When indicated, the pedestal is removed from the sa and clicked OK ("OK") g. When the indication to dry the | tube and place the instrument ("Dry tube and place tool"), a long neck bulb syringe is used to suck a full syringe of liquid from the interior of the water supply tube, dry the tube flange with a towel paper, place a glass plate (frosted on both sides) of 2.54 cm (1") x 2.54 cm (1") on the flange, it is expected that the container is finished filling and click on OK ("OK "). ! The mouse cursor is held over the large button. The tube will lower one step per second. Immediately when it is visually confirmed that the water comes into contact with the glass plate, the large button is clicked to register the result in the Water Height box and the calibration is finished.
The calibration is exited to reset the motor.
Steps 3a-3g are repeated two more times.
The 3 calibrations are averaged. This value is recorded in the I Record book of the instrument as calibration of the height of the water for that week.
This average is subtracted from the tube height of stage 21. This value must be 42 +/- 6 stages.
If the value is not between 26 and 48, first try to clean the j inner part of the supply tube. If the value is still kept out of range, then the manufacturer's instructions for adjusting the water level are followed. (A half turn of the Allen screw will produce a change of approximately 5 stage at the water level.) I Alternatively, the value of the height of the tube can be adjusted by rotating the feet on the scale (a quarter of a turn of the two scales in feet will produce a change of approximately 5 stages in the height of the tube). The level of the string pattern should remain acceptable, and the value of the tube height should remain between 240 and 250 (however, the scales should remain level).
The parameters of the test profile are modified as indicated in Table 1.
It is checked that the configuration parameters of the system are defined in accordance with Table 2.
Ensures that there are no air bubbles in the tubing by using a long neck bulb type syringe to quickly suck fluid from the interior of the water supply tube.
Calibration of the tube height ("Tube Height Calibration") is performed in the system configuration tab ("System Setup") to. The threshold weight ("Threshold Weight") is defined in 0.5 g b. The initial extension of the tube ("Initial] Tube Extension") is defined in 220 stages c. The maximum extension of the tube "Maximum Tube Extension" is defined in 256 stages d. Click Start Calibration ("Start Calibration") e. When indicated, place the sa cover on the empty string pattern, close the balance window and click on OK ("OK") F. The instrument will move 1 step at a time and determine the weight.
When finished, you will enter the result in the tube height box ("Tube Height"). This is the height at which the tube initiated contact with the stringing pattern and caused a change in the measured weight. This value is recorded in the record book of the instrument as "Tube Height Verification" for that day. g. This value is taken and the average water height ("Water Height") of stage 2k of the weekly calibration is subtracted. This value must be 42 +/- 6 stages.
I j h. If the value is not between 36 and 48, the system owner must correct the system as necessary. | Evaluation of the samples 1. You enter the system (Login) j 2. The desired tab is selected: j test Capacity only - The Absorption Capacity Tests tab is selected Speed and capacity - The combined Rate and Capacity Tests Combined tab is selected j 3. The sample number is entered, and is done in the button to start the test ("Start Test"). j 4. When the option to load samples j ("Load Sample") appears, place the sample in the support frame, close the windows of the scale and click on "OK". to. When placing the sample on the sample support frame, ensure that the center of the sample matches the center of the frame b. The towel sample should be placed with the side of the sheet that was oriented towards the outside of the ???? looking down. c. Napkins can have either side of the product facing down, but the layers should line up as they were before cutting When the indication of placing the upper mesh ("Place Top Screen") appears, the upper window opens, the sample cover is placed, the window is closed and then click on accept ("OK").
The instrument is allowed to execute the type of test selected in step 1. The test will automatically stop at the predetermined point. J The sample is removed, and the support frame and the sample cover are completely dried.
The test is repeated with the second replica.
When all the samples have been tested, the data table is saved with the options File-Data table-Save as ("File Data Table- Save As") and the table of data is deleted with the options File-Data Table - Delete all data tables ("File-Data Table- Clear All Data Tables").
It leaves the system (logout).
Calculations The software will display the following values for each replica of the sample. Final weight (g), speed (g / s), capacity ratio (g / g), and capacity (g / sheet). The software calculates the capacity value (g / sheet) on the basis of the following dimensions: 27.9 cm (11") x 27.9 cm (11") for towels, and 15.2 cm (6") x 15.2 cm (6") for napkins.
When the capacity (g / sheet) is calculated on the basis of a different sheet size, then the following equation is used: Capacity (g / sheet) = 0.14147 x final weight (g of fluid absorbed) x sheet Width (inches) x Sheet length (inches) The capacity (g / inches2) can be calculated using the following equation: Capacity (g / inches) = 0.14147 x Final weight (g of fluid absorbed) Note: 0.14147 is the inverse of the circle area of 76.2 i im (3 inches) and converts the values to a base of square inches.
Results report The results are reported as specified in the formula card or the sent request.
The average cumulative velocity 0-2 s is reported with an accuracy of 0. 001 g / s The average capacity ratio is reported with an accuracy of 0. 01 g / g The average capacity (g / inches2) is reported with an accuracy of 0.00016 g / cm2 (0.001 g / inches2) The average capacity (g / sheet) is reported with an accuracy of 0.01 g / sheet. The following guidelines are used to inform capacity (g / sheet).
• In manufacturing, the capacity (g / sheet) calculated by the software is reported (dimensions 27.9 cm (11") x 27.9 cm (1 1") are used for towels and 15.2 cm (6") x 15.2 cm (6") for napkins) • In R &D (WHBC), the actual dimensions of the converted sheet must be used for the calculated capacity (g / sheet).
Table 1: Parameters of the test profile Speed Table 2: System configuration parameters Container level control Capacity test Test method of engraving depth j The height of the engraving is measured using a GFM Primos optical profiler commercially available from GFMesstechnik GmbH, Warthestrá e 21, D14513 Teltow / Berlin, Germany. The GFM Primos optical profiler includes a compact optical measurement sensor based on the digital projection of micromirrors, consisting of the following main components: a) a DMD projector with 1024 X 768 micromirrors of direct digital control, b) a CCD camera of high resolution (1300 X following: The cold light source is turned on. The settings of the cold light source should be 4 and C, which should give a reading of 3000K on the screen; The computer, the monitor and the printer are switched on and the ODSCAD 4.0 Primos software is opened.
The icon to start the measurement ("Stárt Measurement") is selected from the taskbar of Cousins and then click on the button of live images ("Live Pie").
A 30 mm x 30 mm sample of conditioned fibrous structure product is placed at a temperature of approximately 23 ° C ± 1 ° C (approximately 73 ° F ± 2 ° F) and a relative humidity of 50% ± 2% under the projection head, and the distance is adjusted to obtain the best focus.
Repeatedly click on the Pattern button to project one of the different focus patterns to achieve the best focus (the software reticle must align with the projected grid when the optimum focus is reached). The projection head is placed in a position perpendicular to the surface of the sample.
The brightness of the image is adjusted by changing the aperture of the lens through a hole next to the head of the projector and / or by changing the "gain" parameter of the camera on the screen. The gain should not be reconfigured by more than 7"to control the amount of electronic noise.When the lighting is optimal, the red circle of the It will freeze the live image of the screen and, at the same time, the image will be captured and digitized. It is important not to move the sample during this time to prevent the captured image from losing definition. The image will be captured in 20 seconds. i If the image is satisfactory, it is saved in the uji file of the extension computer ".orne". This will also save the image file of the camera with the extension ".kam". j To transfer the data to the analysis portion of the software, click on the "clipboard / man" icon. 11. \ increase the active line to the next line, and repeat the previous steps until all the lines have been measured (six (6) lines in total). The average of all the recorded figures is taken and, if the unit is not in microns, it is converted to microns (μ? T?). This figure represents the height of the engraving. This procedure is repeated for another image in the sample of the fibrous structure product and the average of the heights of the engraving is taken.
Engraving wall angle test method Samples of recorded fibrous structures and / or tissue paper health products that comprise a recorded fibrous structure (such as 1, 2 and 3-sheet products and other multi-sheet tissue paper health products) to be tested are stored in flat sheet shape for 3 weeks under two different loads, one with a load of 31.0 g / cm2 (200 g / inches2) and another with a load of 62.0 g / cm2 (400 g / inches2). The charges and samples are removed, and these are cut, if necessary, to a suitable sample size with a recorded portion to be analyzed in the following manner. For example, the size of the sample should be 5 cm x 5 cm or greater. Then, the sample is analyzed as described below.
A wall angle of an etch in a fibrous structure can be determined by using a GFM Mikrocad optical profiling instrument, commercially available from GFMesstechnik GmbH, Warthestra e 21, D14513 Teltow / Berlir, Germany. The GFM Mikrocad optical profiler includes a compact optical measurement sensor based on the digital projection of micromirrors, comprising the following main components: a) DMD projector with digitally controlled direct micromirrors of 1024x768, b) CCD camera with high resolution (1300 x 1000 pixels), c) optical projection system adapted to a measurement area of at least 44 mm x 33 mm, and d) matching optical registration system; a table tripod on a small hard stone plate; a source of cold light; a computer to measure, control and evaluate; measurement, control and evaluation software ODSCAD 4.0, English version; and adjustment probes for lateral (x-y) and vertical (z) calibration.
The GFM Mikrocad optical profiler measures the surface height of a sample using the digital micromirror pattern projection technique. The result of the analysis is a surface height map of (z) versus the displacement of xy. The system has a visual field of 48 x 36 mm with a resolution of 29 microns. The height resolution should be set between 0.10 and 1.00 miera. The height interval 64,000 times the resolution.
To determine the wall angle of an engraving in fibrous structure The following procedure can be carried out: (1) The cold light source is turned on. The settings of the cold light source should be 4 and C, which should give a reading of 3000K on the screen; (2) The computer, monitor and printer are turned on, and the ODSCAD software, version 4.0 or higher, of Mikrocad Software is opened; (3) Select the icon for measurements ("Measurement") from the taskbar of Mikrocad and then click on the button for live images ("Live Pie"); (4) A sample of recorded fibrous structure is placed, at least of a size of 5 cm x 5 cm, under the projection head, and the distance is adjusted to obtain the best focus; (5) Repeatedly click on the pattern button to project one of the different focus patterns to achieve the best focus (the software reticle must align with the projected grid when the optimum focus is reached) ). The projection head is located so that it is perpendicular with the surface of the fibrous structure sample; (6) Adjust the brightness of the image by changing the aperture of the camera lens and / or altering the "gain" parameters of the camera on the screen. The gain is set at the lowest practical level while maintaining the optimum brightness to limit the amount of electronic noise. When the lighting is optimal, the red circle at the bottom of the screen with the indication "I.O." it will turn green; (7) The standard measurement type is selected; (8) Click on the button for measurements ("Measure"). This will freeze the live image of the screen and, at the same time, begin the process of capturing the surface. It is important not to move the sample during this time to prevent the captured images from losing definition. The surface data set, fully digitized, will be captured in approximately 20 seconds; (9) The data is saved in a file on the computer with the extension ".orne". This will also save the camera image file with the extension ".kam"; (10) The file is exported in the format FD3 v1.0; 11) At least three areas of each sample are measured and recorded; 12) Each file is imported into the SPIP software package (Image Metrology, A S, Horsholm, Denmark); 13) With the tool for averaging profiles, a profile line is drawn perpendicular to the linear engraving transition region. The box is expanded to average so as to include both engraving and practicality to generate and average the profile of the engraving transition region (from the top surface to the engraving bottom and a reinforcement to the top surface). In the average line profile window, a pair of cursor points is selected. Place the first pair cursor on the wall at a point that is approximately 33% of the engraving depth. The second pair cursor is placed on the wall at a point that is approximately 66% of the engraving depth. The wall angle of the cursor information screen is read and recorded. This measurement is repeated for at least 6 wall angles per sample data file.
To move the surface data to the analysis portion of the software, click on the icon "clipboard / man" (11) At this point, click on the icon to draw lines ("Draw Lines"). A line is drawn through the center of a region of characteristics that define the texture of interest. Click on the icon to show the line in section ("Show Sectional Line"). In the graph in section, you click on any two points of interest, for example, a peak and the initial values is; Next, click on the vertical distance tool to measure the height in microns, or click on the adjacent peaks and use the horizontal distance tool to determine the separation in the plane direction. (12) For height measurements, '3 lines with at least 5 measurements per line are used, the high and low values corresponding to each line are discarded and the average of the remaining 9 values is determined. The standard, maximum and minimum deviation are also recorded. For measurements in the X and / or Y directions, the average of 7 measurements is determined. The standard, maximum and minimum deviation are also recorded. The criteria that can be used to characterize and distinguish texture include, but are not limited to, occluded area (ie, area of characteristics), open area (area with absence of features), separation, size in the plane and height. If the probability that the difference between the two means of characterization of the texture originates incidentally is less than 10%, it can be considered that the textures differ from each other.
Horizontal full sheet test method (HFS) The horizontal full sheet (HFS) test method determines the amount of distilled water absorbed and retained by a fibrous structure of the present invention. This method is carried out by first weighing a sample of the fibrous structure to be tested (weight referred to herein as "dry weight of the sample"), completely wetting the sample and letting the wet sample drain in a horizontal position and then reweighing the sample (weight referred to in the present invention as "wet weight of the sample"). The absorption capacity of the sample is then calculated as the amount of water retained in units of grams of water absorbed by the sample. When evaluating samples of different fibrous structures, the same size of fibrous structure is used for all the samples that are tested.
The apparatus for determining the HFS capacity of fibrous structures comprises the following: j i 1) An electronic balance with a sensitivity of at least ± 0.01 grams and a minimum capacity of 1200 grams. The balance should be placed on a table for scales and a slab to minimize the effects of floor vibration / weighing the work bench cover. The balance must also have a special plate suitable for the size of the sample submitted to 'test (ie; one ™ is, ra < e fibroSa, and append M (m (11 inches) by 27.9 cm (11 inches)). The balance plate can be manufactured with a variety of materials. Plexiglass is a commonly used material. 2) In addition, a sample support frame (Fig. 12) and a sample support frame cover (Fig. 13) are required. Both the frame and the cover comprise a light metal support, strung with a monofilament with a diameter of 0.305 cm (0.012 in.) To form a grid as shown in Figure 16. The size of the frame and the support cover is such that the size of the sample can be placed properly between the two.
The HFS test is performed in an environment that is maintained at 23 ± 1 ° C and 50 ± 2% relative humidity. Fill a water receptacle or tube with distilled needle at 23 ± 1 ° C to a depth of 7.6 cm (3 inches).
Weigh carefully on the scale, with an accuracy of 0.01 grams, eight samples of a fibrous structure to be tested. The dry pejso of each sample is reported with an accuracy of 0.01 grams. The empty sample support frame is placed on the balance with the special weighing plate described above. Afterwards, the balance is reset to zero (tare). A sample is carefully placed in the sample holder frame. On top of the support frame, the cover of the support frame is placed. The sample (now interspersed between the frame and the cover) is immersed in the water receptacle. After 60 seconds of immersion of the sample, the support frame and the sample cover are carefully lifted out of the receptacle.
Then, the sample, the support frame and the cover are allowed to drain horizontally for 120 ± 5 seconds, being careful not to agitate or shake the sample excessively. While the sample is draining, the frame cover is carefully removed and all excess water is removed from the support frame. The wet sample and the support frame are weighed on the previously tared scale. The weight is recorded with an accuracy of 0.01 g. This is the wet weight of the sample.
The absorption capacity per gram of the fibrous structure sample of the sample is defined as (wet weight of the sample - dry weight of the sample). The horizontal absorption capacity (HAC) is defined as: absorption capacity = (wet weight of the sample - dry weight of the sample) / (dry weight of the sample) and is measured in units of gram / gram.
Vertical full sheet test method (VFS) The Vertical Full Leaf Test Method (VFS) determines the amount of distilled water that absorbs and retains a fibrous structure of the present invention. This method is applied by weighing first a sample of the fibrous structure to be tested (referred to in the present description as "dry weight of the sample"), completely wetting the sample, draining the wet sample vertically and then , weigh again (referred to in the present description as "wet weight of the sample") .The absorption capacity of the sample is then calculated as the amount of water retained in units of grams of water absorbed by the sample. For samples of different fibrous structures, the same size of fibrous structure is used for all samples tested.
The apparatus for determining the VFS capacity of fibrous structures comprises the following: 1) An electronic balance with a sensitivity of at least Balance described above. Afterwards, the balance is reset to zero (tare). A sample is carefully placed in the sample holder frame. Above the cover of the support frame is placed. The sample (interleaved the cover) is immersed in the water receptacle. After 60 seconds of immersion of the sample, carefully lift the support frame and cover the sample out of the receptacle.
The sample, the support frame and the cover are allowed to drain vertically i The procedure is repeated with another sample of the fibrous structure; However, the sample is placed in the support frame of rotate 90 ° compared to the position of the first sample The absorption capacity per gram of the fibrous structure sample of the sample is defined as (wet weight of the sample - dry weight of the sample). The calculated VFS is the average of the absorption capacities of the two samples of the fibrous structure. an additional weight of 1000 grams is hung for a total of 1 100 grams, to measure the diameter of the compressed roll. Wait 3 seconds and record the reading on the tape closest to 0.025 cm (0.01 inches). The compression capacity percentage is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1% in accordance with: % compression capacity = [Diam. original the roll - roll diameter compressed] / (Original roll diameter) x100 To determine the percentage of the compression capacity, an average of 10 samples of the roll is taken.
Method of testing the caliber of the leaves The size of the sheets or a sample of a product with a fibrous structure is determined by cutting a sample of the product with a fibrous structure so that it is larger than a loading foot surface where the loading surface is standing load has a circular surface area of approximately 20.25 cm2 (3.14 inches2). The sample is confined between a flat horizontal surface and the loading surface of a loading foot. The loading surface of a loading foot applies a confining pressure to the sample of 1447.9 Pa (14.7 g / cm2 (approximately 0.21 psi)). The gauge is the resulting space between the flat surface and the loading surface of a loading foot. The measurements can be obtained using an electronic thickness tester VI R Model II, available from Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, Philadelphia, PA. The caliber measurement is repeated and recorded at least five (5) times to calculate the average caliber. The result | it is reported in thousandths of an inch.
Effective gauge test method The effective caliber of a fibrous structure in the form of a roll is determined with the following equation: EC =. { RD2-CD2) l [Q.0 27xSCxSL) where EC is the effective caliber in thousandths of an inch of a single sheet of a roll of fibrous structure rolled up; RD is the diameter of the roll in inches; GD is the diameter of the core in inches; SC is the sheet count; and SL is the length of the sheet in inches.
Roll density test method The roll density of a fibrous structure in roll form is determined with the following equation: Roll density - BW * SC * SL / (Pi * 108000 * (RD2 - CD2j) where the density of the roll is in units of kg / cm3 (pounds / inches3) and BW = base weight of the product in No. / m2 (No. / 3000 ft2), RD is the diameter of the roll in inches; CD is the diameter of the core in inches; SC is the sheet count; and SL is the length of the sheet in inches.
The dimensions and values described in the present invention should not be construed as strictly limited to the exact numerical values mentioned. Instead, unless specified otherwise, each of these dimensions will mean both the aforementioned value and also a functionally equivalent interval that includes that value. For example, a dimension described as "40 mm" refers to "approximately 40 milli." All documents cited in the present description, including any cross-reference or related application or patent, are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein unless expressly excluded or limited in any other way. The mention of any document should not be construed as an admission that it constitutes a prior industry with respect to any invention described or claimed in the present description, or that independently or in combination with any other reference or references, instructs, suggests or describes such invention. In addition, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document contradicts any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated as a reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this document shall govern.
Although patented embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it has been intended to encompass in the appended claims all changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (13)

1. A roll of fibrous structure; the fibrous structure! it is etched and has a basis weight of less than 73 grams per square meter (45 pounds per 3000 square feet), characterized in that the roll has a roll diameter greater than 16.5 cm (6.5 inches) and a roll density greater than 0.09 grams per cubic centimeter.
2. The roll according to claim 1, further characterized in that the fibrous structure has a ratio of the size in the dosage to the effective size that is greater than 1.01.
3. The roll according to claims 1 or 2, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of air-dried paper; the weft has a length greater than 25.4 m (1000 in).
4. The roll according to any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of air-dried paper; the continuous frame comprises periodic perforation lines; the perforation lines define sheets of fibrous substrate; each sheet has a surface area of at least 700 square centimeters, where the roll comprises at least 100 of these sheets.
5. The roll of any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of air-dried paper; the continuous frame comprises periodic perforation lines; the perforation lines define sheets of fibrous substrate; each of the sheets has a surface area of at least 400 square centimeters, wherein the roll comprises at least 170 of these sheets.
6. The roll according to any of the claims above, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of paper wound on a roll having a roll compression capacity of between 1.9% and 5.1%, wherein the paper can be dosed by unrolling it from the roll, and the paper has a absorption capacity in the dosage from 0.0006 to 0.00089 g / cm2 (from 0.52 to approximately 0.7 g / 121 square inches).
7. The roll according to any of the preceding claims, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of etched paper; the plot has a length greater than 25.4 m (1000 inches), where the engravings comprise an engraving of lines; the engraving of lines comprises side walls, and these side walls have a lateral wall angle in the dosage which is at least 27 degrees.
8. A roll of fibrous structure; the fibrous structure is characterized by í a gauge ratio in the dosage with respect to the effective gauge that is greater than 1.01. |
9. The roll according to claim 8, further characterized in that the fibrous structure comprises etched paper having a weight, basis less than 73 grams per square meter (45 pounds per 3000 square feet), and ejn where the roll has a roll diameter greater than 16.5 cm (6.5 inches). i
10. The roll according to claim 8 or 9, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of air-dried paper; the plot has a length greater than 25.4 m (1000 inches) and! the roll has a i diameter greater than 16.5 cm (6.5 inches). ,
11. A roll of fibrous structure; fibrous structure is etched and has a basis weight of less than 73 grams per square meter (45 pounds per 3000 feet i squares), and characterized by a gauge ratio in the dosage with respect to the effective gauge that is greater than 1.01
12. The roll according to claim ij, further characterized in that the fibrous structure comprises etched paper having a basis weight of less than 73 grams per square meter (45 pounds per 3000 square feet), and wherein the roll has a larger roll diameter than 16.5 cm (6.5 inches)
13. The roll according to claim 11 or 2, further characterized in that the fibrous substrate comprises a continuous web of air-dried paper; the weft has a length greater than 25.4 m (1000 inches) and the roll has a diameter greater than 16.5 cm (6.5 inches).
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US20170183824A1 (en) 2017-06-29
BR112012030445A2 (en) 2019-09-24
CA2803084A1 (en) 2011-12-22
WO2011159792A3 (en) 2012-02-02
US20110311345A1 (en) 2011-12-22
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AU2011268401A1 (en) 2013-01-10
FR2961529A1 (en) 2011-12-23

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