LU508419B1 - A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method - Google Patents

A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
LU508419B1
LU508419B1 LU508419A LU508419A LU508419B1 LU 508419 B1 LU508419 B1 LU 508419B1 LU 508419 A LU508419 A LU 508419A LU 508419 A LU508419 A LU 508419A LU 508419 B1 LU508419 B1 LU 508419B1
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LU
Luxembourg
Prior art keywords
lithium battery
electrolyte
supercapacitor
preparation
membrane
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Application number
LU508419A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Guojiang Wu
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Univ Kaili
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Priority to LU508419A priority Critical patent/LU508419B1/en
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Publication of LU508419B1 publication Critical patent/LU508419B1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/46—Metal oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/48—Conductive polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/54—Electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0486—Frames for plates or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method, which includes: a current collector, a positive electrode, an electrolyte, and a negative electrode. The positive and negative electrodes are coated on the current collector, with the electrolyte located between the positive and negative electrodes, separating them. A sealing material is used, and through a pressurization and heating method, the sealing material melts and seals the two poles of the supercapacitor/lithium battery. The electrolyte is injected through small holes reserved in the current collector. This separator-free supercapacitor/lithium battery saves on separator materials and battery housing, eliminating the impact of the separator on ion transport and internal stability within the supercapacitor/lithium battery. The method is simple and easy to industrialize. The supercapacitor/lithium battery sealed by this method exhibits excellent performance and long-term stability.

Description

DESCRIPTION LU508419
A MEMBRANE-FREE SUPERCAPACITOR/LITHIUM BATTERY AND ITS
PREPARATION METHOD
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, specifically to a membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method.
BACKGROUND
As a new type of electrochemical energy storage device, the supercapacitor/lithium battery has characteristics such as high energy density, high power density, high charge/discharge efficiency, and long lifespan. It is an innovative, efficient, and practical energy storage device that can be widely used in wind power generation, solar power generation, electronics, automotive, medical, healthcare, power electronics, communications, energy, military, and other fields. A complete supercapacitor/lithium battery typically consists of five parts: the casing, current collector, electrode, separator, and electrolyte. The separator, as an important component of supercapacitors/lithium batteries, plays a critical role in their performance. However, to restrict the flow of electrons within the supercapacitor/lithium battery, the separator increases the internal resistance of the device. Moreover, as the separator ages, the internal leakage current of the supercapacitor/lithium battery significantly increases, leading to a reduction in its cycle life.
SUMMARY
This invention addresses the issue described above by designing a membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method. The electrolyte is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, separating the two without the use of a membrane material. Additionally, sealing materials are applied, and the supercapacitor/lithium battery is sealed at both poles through a pressurization and heating method. The structure of this invention is simple, with good sealing arld/508419 long-term stability, eliminating the adverse effects of the membrane on the supercapacitor/lithium battery and improving its long-term stability.
The technical solution proposed in this invention is as follows:
A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method characterized by the inclusion of an upper current collector, a lower current collector, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The positive and negative electrodes are respectively applied to the upper and lower current collectors, with the electrolyte positioned between the positive and negative electrodes to separate them.
The periphery of the upper and lower current collectors is sealed using a sealing material. A small hole is reserved in either the upper or lower current collector for injecting the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes, and after injection, the hole is sealed with a sealing material.
The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method is further characterized by the current collector being made of conductive glass, metal, or polymer materials.
The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method is also characterized by the positive and negative electrode materials being carbon-based materials, metal oxides, polymers, or a composite of any two of these materials.
The electrolyte in the membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method can be aqueous, organic, ionic, quasi-solid-state, or gel-based electrolytes.
In this design, the area of the positive and negative electrodes is smaller than that of the upper and lower current collectors. The ends of the upper and lower current collectors are sealed around the electrodes by melting the sealing material through a pressurization and heating process.
The sealing material used in the invention is a polymer, sealant, or a glass powder-containing mixed adhesive that is resistant to oxidation, water, heat, cold, and
UV radiation, does not react with the electrolyte, and provides excellent sealing performance. The distance between the positive and negative electrodes can also b&/508419 flexibly controlled by adjusting the amount or thickness of the sealing material.
The electrolyte injection method can be either direct pouring or vacuum filling.
The small hole used for electrolyte injection is sealed with a polymer film, sealant, glass powder-containing adhesive, or solder, and the hole is sealed through mechanical pressurization and heating or by a coating method.
A sealing sheet is applied over the small hole, which can be one or two in number.
The manufacturing method for a membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method includes the following steps: 1. A small hole for electrolyte injection is set on one of the current collectors, or one hole is set on each current collector. 2. A layer of positive and negative electrode materials is prepared on the current collectors using methods such as printing, coating, spin-coating, spraying, growing, or pressing, with the electrode materials slightly smaller in area than the current collectors. 3. The electrode materials are firmly adhered to the current collectors through sintering or drying, with optional pre-pressing to flatten the electrode surface. 4. The prepared sealing material is placed between the two current collectors, covering the areas without electrode materials, and the sealing material is melted and bonded through a heating and pressurization process to seal the two current collectors together. 5. The electrolyte is injected into the supercapacitor/lithium battery through the pre-set holes, which are then sealed.
Principle of the invention:
A complete supercapacitor/lithium battery typically consists of five parts: casing, current collectors, electrodes, a separator, and electrolyte. The separator plays a crucial role in the performance of supercapacitors/lithium batteries. However, the separator increases the internal resistance to electron flow, and as it ages, internal leakage current rises significantly, limiting the cycle life of the supercapacitor/lithium battery. This invention aims to solve the issues caused by membrane materials by providing a membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method.
Advantages of the invention: LU508419
This invention eliminates the need for membrane materials and casings in supercapacitors/lithium batteries, removing the ion and electron transport resistance caused by the separator and casing. This results in improved long-term stability of the supercapacitor/lithium battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the supercapacitor/lithium battery structure of the present invention (single electrolyte injection hole).
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the supercapacitor/lithium battery structure of the present invention (double electrolyte injection hole).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in Figure 1, a diaphragm-free supercapacitor/lithium battery includes an upper current collector (1), a lower current collector (2), a positive electrode (3), a negative electrode (4), and an electrolyte (5). The positive and negative electrodes (3, 4) are respectively applied to the upper and lower current collectors (1, 2), and the electrolyte (5) is positioned between the positive electrode (3) and the negative electrode (4), separating them. The upper and lower current collectors (1, 2) are sealed around the edges with a sealing membrane (6). A small hole (7) is reserved in the upper or lower current collector (1 or 2) for injecting the electrolyte (5) between the positive and negative electrodes (3, 4). After the electrolyte (5) is injected, the small hole (7) is sealed with a sealing material (8), and a sealing sheet (9) is applied on top of the sealing material (8).
Methods for sealing the electrolyte injection hole:
Method 1: (Sealing material 8 uses a polymer film) After injecting the electrolyte (5) through the small hole (7), a polymer film and a sealing sheet (9) are sequentially placed on the surface of the small hole (7). By applying heat and pressure, the polymer film melts completely, and after removing the heat source and allowing it to cool, the seal is completed.
Method 2: (Sealing material 8 uses sealant) A layer of sealant is directly applied ové#508419 the electrolyte injection hole (7) that needs to be sealed. A sealing sheet may or may not be added. Once the sealant cures, the seal is completed.
Method 3: (Sealing material 8 uses mixed adhesive or solder) A layer of mixed adhesive or solder is applied directly over the electrolyte injection hole (7) that needs sealing. By heating the material to melt it, and then removing the heat source and allowing it to cool after it melts completely, the seal is completed.
Example 1
As shown in Figure 1, a diaphragm-free supercapacitor/lithium battery is prepared by readying two current collectors (1, 2) that are covered with positive and negative electrodes (3, 4). The positive and negative electrodes (3, 4) are slightly smaller in size than the current collectors (1, 2). First, a layer of polymer film is applied around the edges of one current collector (1), ensuring that the electrode portion on the current collector (1) is not covered. Then, the other current collector (2) is placed on top, and a certain amount of pressure and heat is applied to melt the polymer film. Once the polymer film has completely melted, the heat source is removed, and after cooling, the sealing membrane (6) around the current collectors is completed. Afterward, the electrolyte (5) is injected through the reserved small hole (7) using direct injection or vacuum injection. Once fully filled, the small hole (7) is sealed. There is one small hole (7) in this example.
Example 2
As shown in Figure 1, a diaphragm-free supercapacitor/lithium battery is prepared by readying two current collectors (1, 2) that are covered with positive and negative electrodes (3, 4). The positive and negative electrodes (3, 4) are slightly smaller in size than the current collectors (1, 2). First, a layer of sealant is applied around the edges of one current collector (1), ensuring that the electrode material on the current collector is not covered. Then, the other current collector (2) is placed on top, and a certain amount of pressure and heat is applied. After the sealant has dried and cured, the electrolyte is injected, and the small holes (7) are sealed. There are two small holes (7) in this example.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS LU508419
1. A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method, characterized in that it includes an upper current collector, a lower current collector, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte; the positive and negative electrodes are respectively applied to the upper and lower current collectors, and the electrolyte is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, separating them; the upper and lower current collectors are sealed around their edges with a sealing material, and a small hole is reserved in either the upper or lower current collector for injecting the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes; after injecting the electrolyte, the small hole is sealed with a small hole sealing material.
2. The dmembrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the current collector material is conductive glass, metal material, or polymer material.
3. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive and negative electrode materials are carbon materials, metal oxides, polymers, or composites of any two of these materials.
4. The dimembrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte is an aqueous electrolyte, organic electrolyte, ionic electrolyte, quasi-solid electrolyte, or gel electrolyte.
5. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the positive and negative electrodes is smaller than the area of the upper and lower current collectors, and the ends of the upper and lower current collectors are sealed by melting the sealing material through a pressurized heating method.
6. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing material is a polymer material, sealant, or mixed adhesive containing glass powder.
7. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation methdd/508419 according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte injection method is direct pouring or vacuum pouring.
8. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the small hole sealing material is a polymer film, sealant, mixed adhesive containing glass powder, or solder, and is sealed by mechanical pressing and heating or coating methods.
9. The membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that the small hole sealing material is covered with a sealing sheet.
10. The diamembrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of small holes is one or two.
LU508419A 2024-10-01 2024-10-01 A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method LU508419B1 (en)

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LU508419A LU508419B1 (en) 2024-10-01 2024-10-01 A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU508419A LU508419B1 (en) 2024-10-01 2024-10-01 A membrane-free supercapacitor/lithium battery and its preparation method

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LU508419B1 true LU508419B1 (en) 2025-04-01

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Effective date: 20250401