LU503205B1 - Method for evaluating contribution of cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body, belonging to the technical field of environmental pollution and protection. Through systematic researches on water physics and chemistry, water nutrients, organic matter and water content of surface sediments, vertical distribution of different nutrients forms in sediments, deposition and releasing flux of nutrients at water-mud interface, etc. in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition, and according to the research results, the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body is evaluated, it can better understand the nutrient migration process in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition, which is beneficial to understand the nutrient effect on the environment of water body. The evaluation method provided by the invention can evaluate the contribution of algae blooms to nutrients in water body according to the outbreak degree of algae blooms in different water bodies.
Description
METHOD FOR EVALUATING CONTRIBUTION OF
CYANOBACTERIA BLOOMS TO NUTRIENTS IN WATER BODY
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollution and protection, and in particular to a method for evaluating the contribution of
Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body.
After Cyanobacteria in lakes gather and decompose, nutrients and debris mix with the surface sediment under the settlement action, changing the nutritional state of the sediment, while the nutrients accumulated in the bottom sediment will be slowly released into the water body at a later stage, which makes the surface sediment play the role of "sink" and "source" in the process of nutrient pollution in water body, further leading to a substantial extension of the eutrophication of the water body, and making the nutrients in water body meet the needs of Cyanobacteria growing in large numbers for a long time, thus leading to the continuous occurrence of eutrophication.
TP released from sediments in Lake Dian can maintain the current water body level for 63 years; the annual release of phosphorus from sediments in West Lake can reach about 1.3t, equivalent to 41.5% of the annual phosphorus load into the lake; the annual release of phosphorus from sediments in Erhai Lake is 486-795t and the annual release of nitrogen is 194-495t; the annual release of phosphorus from sediments in
Chaohu Lake is 220.38t, accounting for 20.90% of the annual phosphorus load into the lake, and the release of nitrogen is 1705.16t; the annual release of phosphorus from sediments in Xuanwu Lake is 10.46t, accounting for 21.5% of the annual phosphorus load into the lake. At present, the environmental changes of
Cyanobacteria and nutrients in water body mainly focus on the changes of nutrient content during Cyanobacteria bloom and the influence of Cyanobacteria decomposition on water quality, while there is little research on the contribution of
Cyanobacteria bloom to nutrients in water body.
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the contribution of
Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body. Through systematic researches on water physics and chemistry, water nutrients, organic matter and water content of surface sediments, vertical distribution of different nutrients forms in sediments, deposition and releasing flux of nutrients at water-mud interface, etc. in the process of
Cyanobacteria decomposition, it can better understand the nutrient migration process in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition, which 1s beneficial to understand the nutrient effect on the environment of water body.
To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical scheme:
A method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body includes the following steps: (1) measuring changes of nutrients in water body when Cyanobacteria decompose; (2) measuring changes of the water content and organic matter in surface sediments when Cyanobacteria decompose; (3) measuring the migration of nutrients between sediments and water body when Cyanobacteria decompose; (4) according to measurement results in step (1), fitting the relationship between nutrients and Cyanobacteria quantity in water body; according to measurement results in step (2), fitting the relationship between the water content of surface sediments, organic matter and Cyanobacteria quantity; according to measurement results in step (3), evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to water nutrients.
There is no sequence of steps (1) - (3) in the method of the invention.
Preferably, the Cyanobacteria are dead.
Preferably, the decomposition conditions are: the temperature is 35°C and the illumination intensity is 30001x.
Preferably, the nutrients in step (1) include TN, NH4*-N, NO5-N, TP and SRP.
Preferably, the content of organic matter in the surface sediments in step (2) is HU509205 the loss on ignition.
Preferably, the determination method in step (3) is E-TEST.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects as follows: the invention provides a method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body, belonging to the technical field of environmental pollution and protection. Through systematic researches on water physics and chemistry, water nutrients, organic matter and water content of surface sediments, vertical distribution of different nutrients forms in sediments, deposition and releasing flux of nutrients at water-mud interface, etc. in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition, and according to the research results, the contribution of
Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body is evaluated, it can better understand the nutrient migration process in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition, which is beneficial to understand the nutrient effect on the environment of water body. The evaluation method provided by the invention can evaluate the contribution of algae blooms to nutrients in water body according to the outbreak degree of algae blooms in different water bodies.
FIG. 1 is the experimental design diagram for evaluating the contribution of
Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body in Embodiment 1; where, A is the experimental design diagram for changes of nutrients in water body due to
Cyanobacteria decomposition; B is the experimental design diagram for influences of
Cyanobacteria decomposition on the water content and organic matter of surface sediments; and C is the experimental design diagram for sediment deposition and release of N and P fluxes during Cyanobacteria decomposition.
FIG. 2 shows the release rule of nutrients during Cyanobacteria decomposition in water body of Embodiment 1, where, A is TN, B is NHy*-N, C is NOs-N, D is TP, and
E is SRP.
FIG. 3 shows the changes of organic matter and water content of surface sediments in Embodiment 1, where, A shows the change of OM and B shows the HU503205 change of Cv.
FIG. 4 shows the fitting relationship between various forms of nutrients and algae slurry amount in water body during decomposition process of W1 - Ws groups
Cyanobacteria in Embodiment 1, and the fitting relationship between the maximum values of water content increment and organic matter increment of surface sediments and algae slurry amount during decomposition process of WS; - WSs groups
Cyanobacteria groups, where, A is the fitting relationship between TN and algae slurry amount; B is the fitting relationship between NH4"-N and algae slurry amount;
C is the fitting relationship between NOs ™-N and algae slurry amount; D is the fitting relationship between TP and algae slurry amount, E is the fitting relationship between
SRP and algae slurry amount, F is the fitting relationship between the maximum increment of water content and algae slurry amount, and G is the fitting relationship between the maximum increment of organic matter and algae slurry amount.
FIG. 5 is the polar diagram (r, 6) of nutrient flux values in Embodiment 1, where,
Ais TN, B is NH; -N, C is NOs™-N, and D is TP.
Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be taken as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms mentioned in the present invention are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention.
In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range are also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.
Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the 7508205 same meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which this invention relates. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those 5 described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Embodiment 1
Evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water; step 1: taking algae slurry and bottom mud of Zhushan Bay; (1) collecting wild algae slurry with phytoplankton net, and then transporting them back to the laboratory and passing through a 100-mesh screen; (2) removing the large-scale zooplankton debris and the like in the algae slurry, and collecting the filtered algae slurry; (3) filtering water with a 200-mesh screen, and repeatedly washing with deionized water for 3 times: (4) collecting Cyanobacteria on the filter screen, putting them into a wide-mouth glass bottle for ultrasonic treatment for 20 min, repeatedly freezing and thawing them at -20°C for 3 times to ensure the death of algae, then sealing and freezing them for later use.
Step 2: treating the sediment by a mixing method; (1) collecting the surface sediments of Zhushan Bay in Taihu Lake, transporting the sediment samples back to the laboratory and mixing them evenly; (2) placing in a clean environment for air drying, grinding, and sieving the ground sediment through a 100-mesh screen; (3) after removing the benthos and large particles, further mixing, sealing, drying and storing for later use.
Step 3: measuring the water content and organic matter of the sediment; (1) weighing the Petri dish filled with fresh sediment on the analytical balance
(Wo) to the accuracy of 0.01g; HU509205 (2) baking in an oven preheated to 110°C for 12 h to constant weight, taking out and putting in a tray; (3) putting in a sterile console (closed), cooling to room temperature (about 60 min), and weighing immediately (W110); (4) taking a proper amount of dried sediment samples in a crucible (with a cover) at 550°C for 2 h, and using the loss on ignition (LOI) to approximately reflect the organic matter content of sediment.
We = Ea X 100%(1)
LOI = Te Z5 x 100%), in formula 1 and formula 2, WC represents the water content, LOI represents the loss on ignition, Wo represents the weight of wet sediment, W110 represents the weight of dry sediment and W550 represents the weight of burnt sediment.
Step 4: the experimental design of the change of nutrients in water body by
Cyanobacteria decomposition; (1) before the Cyanobacteria treated in step 1 are tested, using deionized water to prepare five algae-water mixed liquids (1.0x10° cells/L, 1.0x10$ cells/L, 1.0x10"° cells/L, 1.0x10!? cells/L and 1.0x10!° cells/L) with different concentration gradients, putting them into plexiglass containers ( with a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, a height of 35 cm) respectively, and marking the concentrations as W1, Wa, W3, W4 and
Ws from low to high. The schematic diagram of experimental design is shown in À of
FIG.1; (2) sealing with 6 layers of sterilized gauze, putting in an incubator at 35°C and 3000 Ix light, and taking samples at different times. After sampling and centrifuging, using a syringe to take the clear liquid in the middle part (Algae slurry decomposition mixture; after centrifugation, residues are at the top and bottom of the centrifuge tube, and clear water body at the middle part) as the nutrient index (TN, NH4-N, NOs™-N,
TP, SRP). (The physical and chemical indexes are based on the measured data before the experiment, and the initial 0 d of nutrient index is based on 0 mg/L of deionized 17003605 water).
Where, the calculation formula Vaverage Of nutrient salt release rate in the process of Cyanobacteria decomposition is 3: aT G3); in formula, $£ indicates the difference of nutrient salt concentration in a certain period of time (mg/L); 47 is the time interval (h).
Step 5, the experimental design of the influence of Cyanobacteria decomposition on the water content and organic matter of surface sediment; (1) carefully filling the sediment sample treated in step 2 into a custom-made plexiglass container (with a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, a height of 35 cm), and filling a 10 cm-high mud column. In order to better simulate the sediment state of natural water bodies, the bottom 5 cm is filled with pressure, and the upper 5 cm is filled naturally (without extrusion); (2) adding equal amount of deionized water into each container in batches (slowly sticking to the wall until the liquid level submerges the mud column), and after standing for 2 hours, slowly injecting five algae-water mixed liquids (0 cells/L, 1.0x10° cells/L, 1.0x10% cells/L, 1.0x10!° cells/L, 1.0x10'? cells/L and 1.0x10"° cells/L) with different concentration gradients into the reactor ( The liquid level height is 10 cm), and marking the concentrations as WSo (control group), WS1, WS,, WSs,
WS; and WSs (experimental group) from low to high. The schematic diagram of experimental design is shown in B of FIG. 1; (3) sealing with 6 layers of sterilized gauze, putting in an incubator at 35°C and 3000 Ix light, taking a small amount of surface sediment (0-5 cm) at 1 d, 5 d, 9 d, 20d, 15d, and 30 d, and analyzing the water content and organic matter (The starting Od is based on the background value, the OM content is 1.56%, after loading into the experimental container, it is soaked in deionized water, and the average water content of the surface sediment of 0-5 cm is 86.77%).
Step 6: the experimental design of sediment deposition and release of N and P 17003605 fluxes during Cyanobacteria decomposition; (1) filling the sediment sample treated in step 2 in a custom-made plexiglass jar (with a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, a height of 35 cm), and filling a mud column with a height of 10 cm of bottom sediment, and carrying out pressure filling treatment on the bottom 5 cm, and naturally filling the last 5 cm (without extrusion); (2) slowly adding the same amount of deionized water to each container in batches (until the liquid level just submerges the mud column); (3) after standing for 2 hours, slowly injecting algae-water mixed liquids (0 cells/L, 1.0x10% cells/L, 1.0x10!? cells/L, 1.0x10'* cells/L) with different concentration gradients prepared by deionized water into the reactor ( the liquid level is 10 cm), and marking the concentrations as To (control group), Ti, Tz, T3 (experimental group) from low to high, the schematic diagram of experimental design is shown in C of FIG 1; (4) sealing with 6 layers of sterilized gauze, putting in an incubator at 35°C and 3000 Ix light, and measuring the nutrients in overlying water and interstitial water (0-5 cm of surface sediment) at 1 d, 5d, 10 d, 20 d and 30 d respectively.
According to the measurement results from step 1 to step 6, the obtained analysis results are as follows: 1. As shown in FIG. 2, which shows the release rule of nutrients during
Cyanobacteria decomposition in water body of Embodiment 1, where, A is TN, B is
NH4"-N, C is NO;"-N, D is TP, and E is SRP.
As shown in FIG. 2, the Cyanobacteria accumulation and decomposition have a great influence on the form, spatial-temporal redistribution and spatial pattern shaping of nutrients in water body, where, TN and NH4-N gradually increase, NOs™-N rapidly increases and then decreases. During the experiment, TP increases to a certain height and then maintains a stable state, while SRP continues to increase during the experiment, indicating that granular or colloidal phosphorus 1s transforming to SRP. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, which shows the changes of organic matter and water content of surface sediments in Embodiment 1, where, À shows the change of OM and
B shows the change of Cy. 17003605
As shown in FIG. 3, the deposition of debris and organic molecules in the
Cyanobacteria accumulation and decomposition process leads to the increase of OM on the sediment surface, which promotes the increase of water content in the surface sediment. 3. The relationship between algae slurry, nutrients and organic matter
Using the peak values of nutrient parameters obtained during the experiment in each experimental group (the maximum values of nutrients in W1-Ws groups, the maximum values of organic matter increment and the maximum values of water content increment in WS1-WSs groups) to fit the relationship between the dry weight of algae slurry, nutrients and organic matter. The results are shown in FIG. 4. The maximum value of organic matter increment (Formula 4) and the maximum value of water content increment (Formula 5) are calculated as follows:
AQMmax, = OMmax, — OMws (4); where, AOMmax; is the maximum value of organic matter increment, OMmax; is the maximum value of organic matter in i-th group experiment, OMwso is the average value of organic matter in the blank control group.
AWmax; = Wmax; — Wwso (5); where, AWmax; is the maximum value of water content increment, Wmax; is the maximum value of water content in i-th group experiment, and Wwso is the average value of water content in the blank control group.
As shown in FIG. 4, which shows the fitting relationship between various forms of nutrients and algae slurry amount in water body during Cyanobacteria decomposition, where, A is the fitting relationship between TN and algae slurry amount; B is the fitting relationship between NH4*-N and algae slurry amount; C is the fitting relationship between NOs3-N and algae slurry amount; D is the fitting relationship between TP and algae slurry amount, E is the fitting relationship between
SRP and algae slurry amount; the relationships between the release amounts are as follows:
YTN(me1.)=9.56922+0.16984*X-3.1185E-5*X? (R?=0.98196, p < 0.05); 17003605
YNH4+-N(mg/L) =9.50186+0.09461*X-1.1876E-5*X? (R’=0.97507, p < 0.05);
YNO3”-N(mg/LY=2.024525-0.0021*X+3.78088E-5*X°-1.25828E-9* X* (R*=0.29473, p>0.05);
YTp(mg.)=0.52718+0.00717*X-1.80816E-5*X? (R=0.99902, p < 0.05);
YsrP(ngL=0.32614+0.00462*X-8.3221E-7*X? (R?=0.99694, p < 0.05);
According to the analysis of the increment of nutrient salts in the water bodies of
W1-Ws, except for the low correlation of NOs'N (R°=0.29473, P > 0.05), the others show a good binomial fitting relationship (R? > 0.90, P < 0.05). Besides its own unstable factors, NO;N may also be affected by other external factors (microorganisms in algae slurry, DO in environment, etc.).
As shown in FIG. 4, which shows the fitting relationship between the maximum values of water content increment and organic matter increment of surface sediments and algae slurry amount during decomposition process of WS; - WSs groups
Cyanobacteria groups, where, G is the fitting relationship between the maximum increment of organic matter and algae slurry amount, and F is the fitting relationship between the maximum increment of water content and algae slurry amount; these increments have the following relationships:
Yom) =0.9992+0.00871*X-2.6321E-6*X? (R?=0.96299, p < 0.05);
Y we =1.89182+0.00585*X-2.08578E-6*X? (R?=0.90887, p < 0.05);
It is found that there is a good binomial fitting relationship (R*> > 0.90, P< 0.05) between the maximum increment of water content, the maximum increment of organic matter and the algae slurry amount. In the Cyanobacteria accumulation and decomposition process, the sedimentation of Cyanobacteria debris has a significant impact on the water content and organic matter of surface sediments, and the change of microbial living environment in the decomposition process also affected the structure and porosity of surface sediments. 4. The effect of Cyanobacteria decomposition on nutrient deposition and release flux of "water-sediment"
According to the above experimental conclusion, there is a phenomenon of nutrient migration between water and sediment in the Cyanobacteria decomposition
. . a _ LU503205 process. Based on the migration characterization of the deposition or release of nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus, the invention adopts the nutrient e-test to explore the amounts of N and P deposited and released by nutrients in the Cyanobacteria decomposition process.
F=f: +8 +56); in formula (6), F is the net flux of water-sediment interface, “x is the molecular diffusion flux caused by the difference of nutrient concentration at the interface, # is the advection diffusion amount of interstitial water in sediment, and Jf; is the diffusion flux caused by the deposition of solid particles.
Compared with the molecular diffusion flux, # + f can be neglected, and the formula 6 can be simplified to the formula 7:
B® f(D); fs can be calculated by Fick's first law, namely: in formula, #z is the diffusion flux of nutrients at the sediment-water interface [umol/(m?-d)], and ® is the average porosity of the upper surface layer (1-5 cm) of the sediment (according to relevant research, the porosity ® of the sediment in Taihu Lake is 0.60, and Ds 1s the diffusion coefficient of the sediment block (where, when ® < 0.7,
D. = PD, and when ® > 0.7, D, = 2®D,, Pa is the diffusion coefficient of ideal solution. The values #3 of P and N are 19.8 x 10° cm:s! and 7.34 x 10° em-s”! respectively, ôc/0x is the interface concentration gradient difference, that is, the difference between nutrient concentration in interstitial water of surface sediment and nutrient concentration in overlying water (6c/0x < 0, then < 0, indicating sediment deposition; otherwise, sediment is released). According to Fick's first law, the porosity ® of the sediment in Taihu Lake, the values &4 of P and N and the measured concentration gradient of ôc/0x interface, according to the polar diagram (r, 6) of HU509205 nutrient flux values (as shown in FIG. 5, where, A is TN, B is NH; -N, C is NO5-N, and D is TP), the flux at the water-sediment interface is related to the density of
Cyanobacteria, degradation time and the characteristics of nutrients. According to the relationship between nutrients, organic matter and algae biomass (mg-dw) obtained in this embodiment, as shown in YTn(mg/L), YNH4+-N(me/L), YNO3 Nme/L), YTP(mg/L), Y SRP(mg/L),
Y aw), Yom), according to the experimental method, the contribution of the algal bloom to the nutrients in water body can be evaluated according to the outbreak degree of the algal bloom in different water areas.
The above-mentioned embodiment only describes the preferred mode of the invention, but do not limit the scope of the invention. On the premise of not departing from the design spirit of the invention, all kinds of modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in the field to the technical scheme of the invention shall fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) measuring changes of nutrients in water body when Cyanobacteria decompose; (2) measuring changes of the water content and organic matter in surface sediments when Cyanobacteria decompose; (3) measuring the migration of nutrients between sediments and water body when Cyanobacteria decompose; (4) according to measurement results in step (1), fitting the relationship between nutrients and Cyanobacteria quantity in water body; according to measurement results in step (2), fitting the relationship between the water content of surface sediments, organic matter and Cyanobacteria quantity; according to measurement results in step (3), evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to water nutrients.
2. The method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body according to claim 1, characterized in that the Cyanobacteria are dead.
3. The method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body according to claim 1, characterized in that the decomposition conditions are: the temperature is 35°C and the illumination intensity is 30001x.
4. The method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutrients in step (1) comprise TN, NH4*-N, NOs™-N, TP and SRP.
5. The method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of organic matter in the surface sediments in step (2) is the loss on ignition.
6. The method for evaluating the contribution of Cyanobacteria blooms to nutrients in water body according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination method in step (3) is E-TEST.
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